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Lu H, Chen X, Cong Q, Li Q, Wang X, Zhong S, Deng H, Yan B. Research Progress of Ozone/Peroxymonosulfate Advanced Oxidation Technology for Degrading Antibiotics in Drinking Water and Wastewater Effluent: A Review. Molecules 2024; 29:1170. [PMID: 38474682 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29051170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, antibiotics are widely used, increasing the risk of contamination of the water body and further threatening human health. The traditional water treatment process is less efficient in degrading antibiotics, and the advanced oxidation process (AOPs) is cleaner and more efficient than the traditional biochemical degradation process. The combined ozone/peroxymonosulfate (PMS) advanced oxidation process (O3/PMS) based on sulfate radical (SO4•-) and hydroxyl radical (•OH) has developed rapidly in recent years. The O3/PMS process has become one of the most effective ways to treat antibiotic wastewater. The reaction mechanism of O3/PMS was reviewed in this paper, and the research and application progress of the O3/PMS process in the degradation of antibiotics in drinking water and wastewater effluent were evaluated. The operation characteristics and current application range of the process were summarized, which has a certain reference value for further research on O3/PMS process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Lu
- Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xinglin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Qiao Cong
- Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Qingpo Li
- Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Shuang Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Huan Deng
- College of Visual Arts, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun 130600, China
| | - Bojiao Yan
- College of Visual Arts, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun 130600, China
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Wagner-Deyriès M, Varignier L, Revel M, Delhaye T, Rondeau D, Coutellec MA, McCairns RJS. Variation of Tolerance to Isothiazolinones Among Daphnia pulex Clones. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023; 42:805-814. [PMID: 36661281 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Isothiazolinones are a family of broad-spectrum biocides widely used in industry and consumer products. Chloro- and methyl-isothiazolinones (CMIT and MIT) are documented as strong irritants, yet they are still used in a wide variety of applications, including cosmetics, cleansers, hygienic products, and various industrial applications. The subsequent substantial release of these molecules from urban sources into freshwater environments, and their potential impacts on aquatic species, have nevertheless received little attention so far, with few studies reporting on the toxicity of either CMIT or MIT to nontarget organisms. The present study addresses this current knowledge gap by evaluating the acute toxicity to Daphnia pulex (Cladocera) of CMIT/MIT (3:1) and MIT, the two formulations most commonly used by manufacturers. In addition, genetic diversity is known to be a major component of variability in phenotypic responses, although it is largely overlooked in typical toxicity tests. Thus the potential range of responses inherent to genetic diversity is rarely considered. Therefore, to account for intraspecific variations in sensitivity, our design involved eight clonal lines of D. pulex stemming from distinct natural populations or commercial strains. Clones exhibited strong variation in their responses, with median lethal concentration (LC50) values ranging from 0.10 to 1.84 mg/L for the mixture CMIT/MIT, and from 0.68 to 2.84 mg/L for MIT alone. These intraspecific ranges of LC50 values challenge the use of single clones of daphnids in standard ecotoxicological tests and the predictions based on their results. The present study brings new evidence that assessing ecological risk of chemicals while ignoring genotype diversity is neither ecologically relevant, nor a representative evaluation of the diversity of potential adverse outcomes. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:805-814. © 2023 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot Wagner-Deyriès
- DECOD, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut Agro, Institut Francais de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer, Rennes, France
| | - Léa Varignier
- DECOD, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut Agro, Institut Francais de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer, Rennes, France
| | - Marion Revel
- DECOD, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut Agro, Institut Francais de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer, Rennes, France
| | - Thomas Delhaye
- Institut d'Électronique et des Technologies du numéRique, UMR Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 6164, University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - David Rondeau
- Institut d'Électronique et des Technologies du numéRique, UMR Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 6164, University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Marie-Agnès Coutellec
- DECOD, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut Agro, Institut Francais de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer, Rennes, France
| | - R J Scott McCairns
- DECOD, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut Agro, Institut Francais de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer, Rennes, France
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Pan S, Liu C, Li Y, Wang C, Cui X, Liu N, Zhang C, Hakizimana I, Zhao X, Liu W, Chen Y. Ultrafast self-assembly Fe2O3 nanoparticles confined in carbon layers toward robust heterogeneous electro-Fenton reaction. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.141262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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4
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Huang N, Shao WT, Wang Q, Wang WL, Wu QY, Hu HY. Degradation of chloromethylisothiazolinone antimicrobial by Vacuum-Ultraviolet/Ultraviolet irradiation: Reactive species, degradation pathway and toxicity evaluation. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 302:134821. [PMID: 35525458 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Chloromethylisothiazolinone (CMIT) has been extensively used as antimicrobial in cosmetics, detergents, wall paints, and anti-fouling products. To prevent the potential ecological and health risks, the degradation mechanisms and toxicity changes of CMIT by Vacuum-Ultraviolet/Ultraviolet (VUV/UV) irradiation were investigated in this study. VUV/UV irradiation showed better performance on CMIT degradation compared to sole UV photolysis. The removal efficiency of CMIT with photon fluence of 0.6 μEinstein/cm2 was 8% and 100% by UV or VUV/UV irradiation, respectively. Radical quenching experiments indicated that 254 nm photolysis, 185 nm photolysis, and •OH oxidation contributed to CMIT degradation during VUV/UV process, with fluence-based apparent rate constants of 0.16, 0.13, and 4.9 μEinstein-1cm2, respectively. The formation of H2O2 during VUV/UV process increased to 0.7 mg/L at 4.5 min, and the concentration of •OH ranged within 1.0-3.8 × 10-12 M. The degradation of CMIT by VUV/UV irradiation in neutral condition was slightly higher than that in acidic and basic conditions. The removal efficiency of CMIT with reaction time of 2 min decreased from 92.2% to 34.3% when the concentration of HCO3-/CO32- increased to 1 mM. The degradation of CMIT by VUV/UV irradiation in secondary effluents was lower than that in ultrapure water because of the •OH scavenging effects, but still 2.9 times higher than that by UV photolysis. Four main degradation mechanisms of CMIT were observed during VUV/UV process, including the oxidation of sulfur, addition of hydroxyl groups on the double-carbon-bond, demethylation on the nitrogen, and substitution of organochlorine atom by hydroxyl group. Based on the quantitative structure activity relationship analysis, most products of CMIT underwent complete detoxification to fish and daphnia. 40% of products still showed acute toxicity to algae, but most of them were less toxic than CMIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Huang
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wan-Ting Shao
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wen-Long Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China.
| | - Qian-Yuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Hong-Ying Hu
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China; Research Institute for Environmental Innovation (Suzhou), Tsinghua, Jiangsu Suzhou, 215163, China
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5
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Huang N, Shao WT, Wang WL, Wang Q, Chen ZQ, Wu QY, Hu HY. Removal of methylisothiazolinone biocide from wastewater by VUV/UV advanced oxidation process: Kinetics, mechanisms and toxicity. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 315:115107. [PMID: 35483252 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Methylisothiazolinone (MIT) is frequently used as antimicrobial in household and industrial products, and poses ecological and health risks to aquatic organisms and humans. In this study, vacuum ultraviolet (VUV)/ultraviolet (UV) irradiation was found highly efficient for removal of MIT. The rate constant of MIT degradation (kobs) under VUV/UV irradiation was 3.75 μEinstein-1 cm2, which was around 12.5 times higher than that under UV irradiation. The •OH concentration during the VUV/UV process was 1.0 × 10-12 M. The contributions of UV photolysis and •OH oxidation to MIT degradation under VUV/UV irradiation were 7.3% and 92.7%, respectively. The optimum solution pH (6.0-7.1) gave kobs 33%-39% higher than those at pH 3.9 and 9.3. CO32-/HCO3- inhibited MIT degradation and the kobs decreased by 74% when the concentration of CO32-/HCO3- was increased to 1 mM. The order of MIT removal efficiency under VUV/UV irradiation was ultrapure water > secondary effluent > reverse osmosis (RO) concentrate, because of the light screening and •OH quenching effect of actual wastewater. In RO concentrate, the rate constant of MIT degradation under VUV/UV irradiation was 22% higher than that obtained under UV irradiation. The reduction of TOC, UV254, and total fluorescence regional integration of the RO concentrate during VUV/UV process were 7.2%, 34.9%, and 52.3%, respectively. Twelve main transformation products of MIT were identified after VUV/UV degradation. The main degradation mechanisms of MIT were sulfur atom oxidation and hydroxyl addition. Quantitative structure-activity relationship analysis showed that VUV/UV degradation was an efficient method to remove the toxicity of MIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Huang
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wan-Ting Shao
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wen-Long Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China.
| | - Qi Wang
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Qian-Yuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Hong-Ying Hu
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China; Research Institute for Environmental Innovation (Suzhou), Tsinghua, Jiangsu, Suzhou, 215163, China
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Aydin D, Yuksel B. Lessening the toxic effect of the methylisothiazolinone via vermicompost tea on Pisum sativum. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:50443-50453. [PMID: 35233668 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19396-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Biocides, which are found in nature as persistent pollutants, pose a great danger to the ecosystem. Methylisothiazolinone (MIT), a widely used biocide, reaches plants by mixing with water and soil. Vermicompost tea (VCT), which strengthens the plant defence mechanism and increases its growth and development, is a liquid fertiliser consisting of the cooperation of worms with microbes. In the present study, after applying 0.4 g/L (EC50/2), 0.8 g/L (EC50), and 1.6 g/L (EC50 × 2) MIT concentrations without and with VCT on forage pea (Pisum sativum), root lengths, mitotic index data, chromosome and nuclei abnormalities, and DNA damage level were determined. When VCT applied and non-applied groups were compared, it was found that, especially in the VCT applied group, they cope with the stress conditions created by MIT. In addition, positive effects were observed in root lengths, mitotic index data, and amount of cell nuclei abnormalities. In line with other study results, VCT reduces cellular damage by regulating the normal life cycle disrupted in the cell due to mutagens using the curative-regulatory feature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Aydin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Literature and Science, Kocaeli University, 41380, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - Burcu Yuksel
- Medical Lab. Tech, Vocational School of Kocaeli Health Services, Kocaeli University, 41380, Kocaeli, Turkey
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Cui J, Cai S, Zhang S, Wang G, Gao C. Degradation of a non-oxidizing biocide in circulating cooling water using UV/persulfate: Kinetics, pathways, and cytotoxicity. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 289:133064. [PMID: 34838601 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In industry, isothiazolinone (a mixture containing 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (CMIT) and 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (MIT), CMIT-MIT) as a non-oxidizing biocide is extensively used to control the growth of microorganisms in the circulating cooling water system, which potentially threatens the ecological environment and human health. In this work, the oxidative degradation of CMIT-MIT by UV/persulfate (PS) technology on a laboratory-scale was systematically investigated. The degradation of CMIT-MIT was greatly improved by UV/PS compared with only UV or oxidant. During the photolysis of 60 mg/L PS, the degradation rate and TOC mineralization rate of CMIT-MIT were 91% and 34.7%, respectively. The contributions of .OH and SO4·- to CMIT-MIT degradation in the UV/PS system were estimated to be 0.93% and 32.12% respectively. The degradation rate of CMIT-MIT decreased slightly with the increase of pH. The presence of SO42- and NO3- had no significant effect on the degradation of CMIT-MIT, while the presence of Cl- and CO32- inhibited the CMIT-MIT removal rate. The degradation pathways and three possible intermediates of CMIT-MIT were obtained. After degradation of CMIT-MIT by UV/PS process, the cytotoxicity decreased within 20 min, effectively indicating that UV/PS could be as a potential technology to remove the CMIT-MIT in water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhi Cui
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Shaokang Cai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Shurong Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Guiqiao Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Canzhu Gao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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Yang ZW, Wang WL, Lee MY, Wu QY, Guan YT. Synergistic effects of ozone/peroxymonosulfate for isothiazolinone biocides degradation: Kinetics, synergistic performance and influencing factors. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 294:118626. [PMID: 34864102 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Synergistic effects of ozone (O3) and peroxymonosulfate (PMS, HSO5-) for isothiazolinone biocides degradation was studied. The synergistic ozonation process (O3/PMS) increased the efficiency of methyl-isothiazolinone (MIT) and chloro-methyl-isothiazolinone (CMIT) degradation to 91.0% and 81.8%, respectively, within 90 s at pH 7.0. This is 30.6% and 62.5% higher than the corresponding ozonation efficiency, respectively. Total radical formation value (Rct,R) for the O3/PMS process was 24.6 times that of ozonation alone. Calculated second-order rate constants for the reactions between isothiazolinone biocides and (kSO4-,MIT and kSO4-,CMIT) were 8.15 × 109 and 4.49 × 109 M-1 s-1, respectively. Relative contributions of O3, hydroxyl radical (OH) and oxidation to MIT and CMIT removal were estimated, which were 15%, 45%, and 40% for O3, OH and oxidation to MIT, and 1%, 67%, and 32% for O3, OH and oxidation to CMIT at pH 7.0, respectively. Factors influencing the O3/PMS process, namely the solution pH, chloride ions (Cl-), and bicarbonate (HCO3-), were evaluated. Increasing the solution pH markedly accelerated O3 decay and OH and formation, thus weakening the relative contribution of O3 oxidation while enhancing that of OH and . Cl- had a negligible effect on MIT and CMIT degradation. Under the dual effect of bicarbonate (HCO3-) as inhibitor and promoter, low concentrations (1-2 mM) of bicarbonate weakly promoted MIT and CMIT degradation, while high concentrations (10-20 mM) induced strong inhibition. Lastly, oxidation performance of O3 and O3/PMS processes for MIT and CMIT degradation in different water matrices was compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Wei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Wen-Long Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Min-Yong Lee
- Department of Environmental Resources Research, National Institute of Environmental Research, Seogu, Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Qian-Yuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Yun-Tao Guan
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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Huang N, Wang WL, Xu ZB, Ye B, Liang ZF, Lee MY, Wu QY, Hu HY. Study on synergistic effect of ozone and monochloramine on the degradation of chloromethylisothiazolinone biocide. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 754:141598. [PMID: 32916499 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, it was found that monochloramine induced the formation of reactive species during ozonation of chloromethylisothiazolinone (CMIT). CMIT was found recalcitrant to chloramine. However, chloramine promoted the degradation of CMIT by ozonation significantly. Hydroxyl radicals contributed most to CMIT degradation (87%) during ozone/chloramine synergistic oxidation process (SOP). The hydroxyl radical exposure during ozone/chloramine SOP was around 7.9 times higher than that of ozonation process. The hydroxyl radical yield of ozone/chloramine SOP was estimated to be 32%. The reaction mechanisms between ozone and chloramine were postulated to include the oxygen transfer reaction to form singlet oxygen, and the formation of hydroxyl radical by the insertion pathway or electron transfer pathway. Chloramine dosage and pH are essential influencing factors. The degradation of CMIT increased from 41% to 74% with increasing chloramine dosage (0-20 μM), and then decreased to 65% when chloramine dosage continually increased to 40 μM. Ozone/chloramine SOP showed better performance at acidic or neutral conditions than basic condition. Based on the intermediates identified, the degradation pathway of CMIT during ozone/chloramine SOP included the oxidation of sulfur atom and the substitution of chlorine group by hydroxyl group. The oxidation of sulfur atom induced lower toxicities of transformation products. The toxicities of hydroxylation products were lower to fish and algae, but higher to daphnia. Based on the GC-ECD results, only trichloromethane (1.94 μg/L) was detected after ozone/chloramine SOP, accounting for 0.17% (μM/μM) of the CMIT removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Huang
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Wen-Long Wang
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Shenzhen Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Zi-Bin Xu
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Bei Ye
- Shenzhen Environmental Science and New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Zi-Fan Liang
- Shenzhen Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Min-Yong Lee
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Qian-Yuan Wu
- Shenzhen Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
| | - Hong-Ying Hu
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Shenzhen Environmental Science and New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
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Ye B, Lee MY, Wang WL, Li A, Liu ZY, Wu QY, Hu HY. Graphene oxide enhanced ozonation of 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one: Kinetics, degradation pathway, and toxicity. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 394:122563. [PMID: 32248031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Kathon is among the most common non-oxidative biocides, containing 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (CMIT) and methylisothiazolone (MIT) as the active ingredients. In our previous work, MIT was shown to be efficiently removed by ozonation. In this work, we found that ozonation didn't readily degrade CMIT. Rate constants [Formula: see text] and k·OH,CMIT, determined to be 6.43 L mol-1 s-1 and 7.8 × 109 L mol-1 s-1, indicated that hydroxyl radicals played a more important role than ozone molecule in the CMIT ozonation which was also proved by the significant inhibition (55.7 %) when adding t-butanol (TBA). Graphene oxide (GO) greatly enhanced the CMIT ozonation, and degradation efficiency raised from 15 % to 100 % after 10 min through the increased production of hydroxyl radical. Basic conditions benefited the CMIT degradation compared with acidic and neutral conditions by promoting ozone decomposition and hydroxyl radical generation, while high carbonate and humic acid concentrations had slight influence on the CMIT degradation. In spite of the complex water matrix, CMIT degradation by GO enhanced ozonation was applicable in reverse osmosis concentrate (ROC). Based on the identification of the inorganic and organic products, a possible CMIT degradation pathway was proposed. However, CMIT transformation products still showed toxicity to Photobacterium phosphoreum and Daphnia magna even after a longer ozonation time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Ye
- Shenzhen Environmental Science and New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Min-Yong Lee
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory and State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Wen-Long Wang
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory and State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Ang Li
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory and State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China; Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Zi-Ye Liu
- Lab of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Qian-Yuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China.
| | - Hong-Ying Hu
- Shenzhen Environmental Science and New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China; Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory and State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
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Chen M, Wang C, Zhao X, Wang Y, Zhang W, Chen Z, Meng X, Luo J, Crittenden J. Development of a highly efficient electrochemical flow-through anode based on inner in-site enhanced TiO 2-nanotubes array. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 140:105813. [PMID: 32480113 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports on the development of macroporous flow-through anodes. The anodes comprised an enhanced TiO2 nanotube array (ENTA) that was grown on three macroporous titanium substrates (MP-Ti) with nominal pore sizes of 10, 20, and 50 µm. The ENTA was then covered with SnO2-Sb2O3. We refer to this anode as the MP-Ti-ENTA/SnO2-Sb2O3 anode. The morphology, pore structure, and electrochemical properties of the anode were characterized. Compared with the traditional NTA layer, we found that the MP-Ti-ENTA/SnO2-Sb2O3 anode has a service lifetime that was 1.56 times larger than that of MP-Ti-NTA/SnO2-Sb2O3. We used 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (MIT), a common biocide, as the target pollutant. We evaluated the impact of the operating parameters on energy efficiency and the oxidation rate of MIT. Furthermore, the apparent rate constants were 0.38, 1.63, and 1.24 min-1 for the 10, 20, and 50 μm nominal pore sizes of the MP-Ti substrates, respectively, demonstrating the different coating-loading mechanisms for the porous substrate. We found that hydroxyl radicals were the dominant species in the MIT oxidation in the HO radical scavenging experiments. The radical and nonradical oxidation contributions to the MIT degradation for different current densities were quantitatively determined as 72.1%-74.8% and 25.2%-27.9%, respectively. Finally, we summarized the oxidation performance for MIT destruction for (1) the published literature on various advanced oxidation technologies, (2) the published literature on various anodes, and (3) our flow-by and -through anodes. Accordingly, we found that our flow-through anode has a much lower electrical efficiency per order value (0.58 kWh m-3) than the flow-by anodes (6.85 kWh m-3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Can Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China; Brook Byers Institute of Sustainable Systems, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States.
| | - Xin Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China.
| | - Yingcai Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Weiqiu Zhang
- Brook Byers Institute of Sustainable Systems, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States
| | - Zefang Chen
- Brook Byers Institute of Sustainable Systems, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States
| | - Xiaoyang Meng
- Brook Byers Institute of Sustainable Systems, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States
| | - Jinming Luo
- Brook Byers Institute of Sustainable Systems, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States
| | - John Crittenden
- Brook Byers Institute of Sustainable Systems, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States.
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12
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Wang XX, Dao GH, Zhuang LL, Zhang TY, Wu YH, Hu HY. Enhanced simultaneous removal of nitrogen, phosphorous, hardness, and methylisothiazolinone from reverse osmosis concentrate by suspended-solid phase cultivation of Scenedesmus sp. LX1. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 139:105685. [PMID: 32247104 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The disposal of reverse osmosis (RO) concentrate (ROC) is a critical challenge impeding the application of RO-based wastewater reclamation. Herein, we proposed an enhanced biotreatment approach for the simultaneous removal of nitrogen, phosphorous, hardness, and methylisothiazolinone (MIT) from ROC by suspended-solid phase cultivation of Scenedesmus sp. LX1. Repeated carrier addition, guided by the developed optimal carrier addition model, efficiently enhanced algal growth and contaminant removal through dynamically controlling the suspended algal density by cell attachment. The maximum algal growth rate (212.2 mg/(L∙d)) increased by 41% compared with the control, and the time needed for reaching the maximum algal biomass (906.7 mg/L) was shortened by 1 d, attributing to the mitigation of density restriction. 91.8% of nitrogen (30.2 mg/L) was removed with 5.5 mg/(L∙d) accelerating removal rate, and phosphate (3.7 mg/L) was completely removed within 1 d. Hardness precursors calcium and inorganic carbon were also removed in large amounts, 268.4 and 128.2 mg/L, respectively. Moreover, suspended-solid phase cultivation significantly mitigated the growth inhibition caused by MIT toxicity, enabled the algae to completely biodegrade MIT of extremely high concentrations (4.7 mg/L and 11.4 mg/L) in a short time. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of suspended-solid phase algal cultivation for simultaneously and effectively removing multiple main contaminants from ROC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xiong Wang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8286, United States
| | - Guo-Hua Dao
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lin-Lan Zhuang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Tian-Yuan Zhang
- Research Institute for Environmental Innovation, Tsinghua University, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Yin-Hu Wu
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hong-Ying Hu
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Shenzhen Environmental Science and New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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13
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Wang WL, Chen Z, Du Y, Zhang YL, Zhou TH, Wu QY, Hu HY. Elimination of isothiazolinone biocides in reverse osmosis concentrate by ozonation: A two-phase kinetics and a non-linear surrogate model. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 389:121898. [PMID: 31879104 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Elimination of commercial Kathon biocide (methyl-isothiazolinone (MIT) and chloro-methyl-isothiazolinone (CMIT) mixture) by ozonation was investigated in real RO influent and concentrate. MIT and CMIT had different reactivities (second-order-rate-constants) with molecular ozone and OH. Ozonation of biocides followed an instantaneous phase (16.6 %-36.9 % contributions) and then a gradual phase (33.6 %-78.8 % contributions). Newly developed kinetics including both phases demonstrated that O3 oxidation contributed 25.6 %-39.8 % and <10 % of MIT and CMIT eliminations, respectively, and OH oxidation contributed 60.2 %-74.4 % and >90 % of MIT and CMIT eliminations, respectively. OH oxidation at the instantaneous phase accounted 15.7 %-37.9 % of total OH oxidation. Mass ratios of O3/DOC of 0.24 and 0.32 were needed for ∼80 % eliminations of MIT and CMIT in RO concentrate, respectively. The kinetics including both phases allowed a para-chlorobenzoic acid indicator model to predict MIT and CMIT elimination better than that including gradual ozonation only, with 58.9 %-96.0 % lower relative error. The attenuations of electron-donating-moiety indicated that O3 may preferentially react with chromophores through aromatic cleavage and electrophilic extraction, while •OH may non-selectively react with chromophores through predominant electrophilic addition. A surrogate model for biocide elimination by UVA254 loss was proposed to be nonlinear rather than linear, which reduced 31.8 %-71.3 % surrogating error.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Long Wang
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), and School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), and School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ye Du
- Shenzhen Environmental Science and New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Yi-Lin Zhang
- Shenzhen Environmental Science and New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Tian-Hui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qian-Yuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Hong-Ying Hu
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), and School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Shenzhen Environmental Science and New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
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14
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Wang XX, Wang WL, Dao GH, Xu ZB, Zhang TY, Wu YH, Hu HY. Mechanism and kinetics of methylisothiazolinone removal by cultivation of Scenedesmus sp. LX1. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 386:121959. [PMID: 31884360 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Methylisothiazolinone (MIT) is a widely used non-oxidizing biocide for membrane biofouling control in reverse osmosis (RO) systems usually with high dosages. However, few investigations have focused on MIT removal through bio-processes, since it is highly bio-toxic. This study proposed a novel biotreatment approach for efficient MIT degradation by Scenedesmus sp. LX1, a microalga with strong resistance capability against extreme MIT toxicity. Results showed that MIT (3 mg/L) could be completely removed within 4 days' cultivation with a half-life of only 0.79 d. Biodegradation was the primary removal mechanism and this metabolic process did not rely on bacterial consortia, soluble algal products secretion or algal growth. The main pathway was proposed as ring cleavage followed by methylation and carboxylation through the identification of MIT transformation products. MIT biodegradation followed the pseudo-first-order kinetics under growth control. A new kinetic model was presented to depict the MIT removal considering algal growth, and this model could be used for generally describing non-nutritive contaminants biodegradation. The algal biodegradation capability was independent of the initial biocide concentration, and MIT removal could be enhanced by increasing the initial algal density. Our results highlight the potential application of algal cultivation for MIT-containing wastewater biotreatment, such as RO concentrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xiong Wang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520-8286, United States
| | - Wen-Long Wang
- Research Institute for Environmental Innovation, Tsinghua University, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Guo-Hua Dao
- Research Institute for Environmental Innovation, Tsinghua University, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Zi-Bin Xu
- Research Institute for Environmental Innovation, Tsinghua University, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Tian-Yuan Zhang
- Research Institute for Environmental Innovation, Tsinghua University, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Yin-Hu Wu
- Research Institute for Environmental Innovation, Tsinghua University, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Hong-Ying Hu
- Research Institute for Environmental Innovation, Tsinghua University, Suzhou 215163, China; Shenzhen Environmental Science and New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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15
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Adsorption of Isothiazolone Biocides in Textile Reverse Osmosis Concentrate by Powdered Activated Carbon. WATER 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/w10040532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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