1
|
Auset M, Margarit L, Cuadros J, Fernández-Ruano L, Claramunt M, Mundet X. Evaluation of the biodegradability of hazardous industrial solid waste: Study of key parameters. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2024. [PMID: 39291550 DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
The biological stability of solid waste is one of the main problems related to the environmental impact of landfills and their long-term emission potential. Current European legislation (European Landfill Directive, EC/99/31) introduced the need to reduce biodegradable organic compounds deposited in landfills; however, it set neither official parameters nor methods to define the stability of such a waste. In Spain, biodegradability is generally evaluated using the biological oxygen demand/chemical oxygen demand (BOD5/COD) ratio, measuring it on the leachate, thus not considering the non-soluble fraction and therefore creating false negatives. To solve this problem, the biodegradability of hazardous industrial waste has been determined by measuring its respirometric activity (AT4). Our results show that the measure of the AT4 is independent of the enrichment with a microbial inoculum, and a sample size no higher than 20 g could be a reasonable value for a sensitive biodegradability determination. The highest respirometric index is obtained in waste with pH values between 6.5 and 10.5. Furthermore, respirometric biodegradability values are independent of traditional parameters of organic matter characterization such as BOD5/COD ratio, volatile content, and total and dissolved organic carbon. Consequently, the AT4 parameter provides new information on the composition and stability of organic matter in hazardous industrial waste. Its incorporation into pre-disposal waste characterization protocols allows to identify waste that exceeds recommended biodegradability thresholds. This approach ensures that only waste meeting specified biodegradability standards is deposited, avoiding landfill emissions and related environmental impacts, and thereby improving the overall effectiveness and sustainability of waste management practices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Auset
- Institut Químic de Sarrià, School of Engineering, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Margarit
- Institut Químic de Sarrià, School of Engineering, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Cuadros
- Institut Químic de Sarrià, School of Engineering, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Fernández-Ruano
- Institut Químic de Sarrià, School of Engineering, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Claramunt
- ATLAS Gestión Medioambiental S.A., Barcelona, Spain
| | - X Mundet
- ATLAS Gestión Medioambiental S.A., Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Daskiran F, Gulhan H, Kara E, Guven H, Ozgun H, Ersahin ME. Environmental impact of sewage sludge co-digestion with food waste and fat-oil-grease: Integrating plant-wide modeling with life cycle assessment approach. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 394:130198. [PMID: 38103751 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic co-digestion of fat-oil-grease (FOG) and food waste (FW) with sewage sludge (SS) in wastewater treatment plants is a method used to increase biogas production. In this study, digestion scenarios were compared using plant-wide modeling and life cycle assessment: Scenario-0 (mono-digestion of waste-activated sludge (WAS)), Scenario-1 (co-digestion of WAS with FOG), and Scenario-2 (co-digestion of WAS with FW). Scenario-0, with the highest energy use and landfilling of FOG/FW, has the worst environmental impact. Scenario-1 and Scenario-2 minimize the environmental load by energy recovery and avoiding landfilling of organic waste. Scenario-wise, the change in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from treatment was negligible. However, due to the impact of landfilling, GHG emissions in Scenario-0 were 21% and 30% higher than in Scenario-1 and 2, respectively. The environmental benefit of anaerobic co-digestion of FOG/FW with SS is not only in the contribution to energy production but also in the recycling of organic waste.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filiz Daskiran
- Istanbul Technical University, Environmental Engineering Department, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Hazal Gulhan
- Istanbul Technical University, Environmental Engineering Department, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Emircan Kara
- Istanbul Technical University, Environmental Engineering Department, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Huseyin Guven
- Istanbul Technical University, Environmental Engineering Department, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Hale Ozgun
- Istanbul Technical University, Environmental Engineering Department, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey; National Research Center on Membrane Technologies, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak 34469, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Mustafa Evren Ersahin
- Istanbul Technical University, Environmental Engineering Department, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey; National Research Center on Membrane Technologies, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak 34469, Istanbul, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Padoan E, Montoneri E, Baglieri A, Contillo F, Francavilla M, Negre M. The Autocatalytic Chemical Reaction of a Soluble Biopolymer Derived from Municipal Biowaste. Molecules 2024; 29:485. [PMID: 38257398 PMCID: PMC10818964 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The paper discusses the perspectives of further implementation of the autocatalytic properties of a soluble biopolymer (SBP) derived from municipal biowastes for the realisation of a biorefinery producing value-added bio-products for consumer use. The reaction of an SBP and water is reported to cause the depolymerisation and oxidation of the pristine SBP organic matter with the formation of carboxyl-functionalised polymers having lower molecular weight and CO2. These findings demonstrate the oxidation of the SBP via water, which could only occur through the production of O and OH radicals catalysed by the SBP. According to the adopted experimental plan, the anaerobic digestate supplied by an Italian municipal biowaste treatment plant was hydrolysed in pH 13 water at 60 °C. The dry product was re-dissolved in plain water at pH 10 and used as a control against the same solution with hydrogen peroxide at 0.1-3 H2O2 moles per SBP carbon mole added. The control and test solutions were kept at room temperature, in the dark or in a climatic chamber under irradiation with simulated solar light, until the pH of the solutions remained constant. Afterwards, the solutions were processed to recover and analyse the crude soluble products. The present work reports the results obtained for the control solution and for the test solutions treated in the presence and absence of H2O2, with and without pH control, in the dark and under irradiation with simulated solar light.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elio Padoan
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università di Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; (E.P.); (M.N.)
| | - Enzo Montoneri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università di Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; (E.P.); (M.N.)
| | - Andrea Baglieri
- Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Agrarie e Alimentari, Università di Catania, 95123 Catania, CT, Italy;
| | - Francesco Contillo
- STAR Integrated Research Unit, Università di Foggia, 71121 Foggia, FG, Italy; (F.C.); (M.F.)
| | - Matteo Francavilla
- STAR Integrated Research Unit, Università di Foggia, 71121 Foggia, FG, Italy; (F.C.); (M.F.)
| | - Michéle Negre
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università di Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; (E.P.); (M.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Seasonal methane emission from municipal solid waste disposal sites in Lagos, Nigeria. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18314. [PMID: 36316445 PMCID: PMC9622846 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22923-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Sector is a major source of Methane (CH4) emission, a Greenhouse Gas (GHG) that contributes to Climate Change. However, governments of developing countries have not been able to address the challenges posed by this sector due to inadequate funding and technical requirement. The objective of this study was to determine how seasonal variation influences the CH4 gas emission. The First Order Decay (FOD) Tier 1 Model was used to estimate CH4 emission from four Solid Waste Disposal Sites (SWDS) in Lagos namely: Ewu-Elepe (Ewu), Abule-Egba (A/E), Soluos (Sol), and Olushosun (Olu) covering the dry and wet seasons, respectively for the inventory year 2020. A known weight of the wet waste deposited was characterized. The study revealed that the Degradable Organic Carbon (DOC) for the dry season was 12.897 GgC/kgWaste while that of the wet season was 12.547 GgC/kgWaste. But, the methane gas generated during the wet season was 0.331 Gg higher than that of the dry season which was 0.134 Gg for the study period. This is an appreciable quantity of methane that can contribute to the global Climate Change impact if not addressed. Therefore, these waste types should be segregated from other recyclables and processed into compost or energy resource.
Collapse
|
5
|
Bernat K, Kulikowska D, Wojnowska-Baryła I, Kamińska A. Can the biological stage of a mechanical-biological treatment plant that is designed for mixed municipal solid waste be successfully utilized for effective composting of selectively collected biowaste? WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 149:291-301. [PMID: 35760015 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although the requirements for overall recycling rates can only be met when organic recycling is not overlooked, information is scarce regarding adaption to biowaste composting of existing mechanical-biological treatment (MBT) plants originally designed for stabilization of organic municipal solid waste (OFMSW). Thus, this study aimed to assess the suitability of the operational conditions in the biological part of a full-scale MBT plant now used for stabilization of OFMSW (working line: closed-module-covered-pile-open-pile) with a view to producing compost from biowaste. Temperatures above 75 °C were maintained in the closed module and reached again in the covered pile, indicating that intensive organic-matter mineralization occurred in both stages. In the covered pile, the temperature sharply decreased, indicating depletion of easily biodegradable organic matter. An aerobic 4-day respiration test (AT4) value below 10 mg O2/g dry matter, the cut-off for assessing compost stability, was obtained after 8 weeks. However, a high content of humic substances (HS), reflecting compost maturity, was obtained only after 120 days. The increase in HS content proceeded in two phases. In the first phase (45-84 day), the rate constant and the rate of HS formation were lower than in the second phase (84-120 day) (0.072 vs. 0.087 day-1, 1.97 vs. 3.06 mg C/(g organic matter·d)). All the above-mentioned indicators and the nutrient content (N, P, K, Mg, Ca) in the compost indicates that the biological stage of an MBT plant can successfully treat biowaste. This is in accordance with a circular economy and will contribute to increasing recycling rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Bernat
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Sloneczna 45G, 10-709 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Dorota Kulikowska
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Sloneczna 45G, 10-709 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Irena Wojnowska-Baryła
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Sloneczna 45G, 10-709 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Anna Kamińska
- Regional Municipal Waste Treatment Plant in Elbląg, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Daciolo LVP, Correia NDS, Boscov MEG. Extensive database of MSW shear strength parameters obtained from laboratorial direct shear tests: Proposal for data classification. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 140:245-259. [PMID: 34642074 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
For the design of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) landfills, especially in the initial stages of the project, shear strength parameters are often selected from published results or literature recommendations and results of published tests. However, when adopting MSW shear strength parameters of MSW in the literature, a great variability is present, associated with testing procedures and intrinsic regional differences in the samples. Despite the lack of standardization of observations in the literature, statistical techniques results can help identify the main factors that affect this variability and categorize the observations for better inference of the results. This research gathered 313 observations of laboratory direct shear tests results presented in 30 international published researches, addressing results from different countries and testing configurations, in order to assess data statistical behavior and propose a classification. Results showed the factors that most contribute to the observational divergences, being the main factor associated with the mechanical-morphological behavior of waste components. A reorganization of data into classes (A, B and C) according to waste compressible, incompressible and reinforcement compositions was carried out in order to group shear strength parameters in a ternary diagram. The classification of shear strength envelopes for each proposed class and different strain levels enabled the verification of a hardening behavior of MSW and a prediction of mechanical parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalia de Souza Correia
- Federal University of Sao Carlos, Civil Engineering Department, Washington Luis Road, km 235, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dias JL, Sott MK, Ferrão CC, Furtado JC, Moraes JAR. Data mining and knowledge discovery in databases for urban solid waste management: A scientific literature review. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2021; 39:1331-1340. [PMID: 34525881 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x211042276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The processes related to solid waste management (SWM) are being revised as new technologies emerge and are applied in the area to achieve greater environmental, social and economic sustainability for society. To achieve our goal, two robust review protocols (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, and Context (PICOC) and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA)) were used to systematically analyze 62 documents extracted from the Web of Science database to identify the main techniques and tools for Knowledge Discovery in Databases (KDD) and Data Mining (DM) as applied to SWM and explore the technological potential to optimize the stages of collecting and transporting waste. Moreover, it was possible to analyze the main challenges and opportunities of KDD and DM for SWM. The results show that the most used tools for SWM are MATLAB (29.7%) and GIS (13.5%), whereas the most used techniques are Artificial Neural Networks (35.8%), Linear Regression (16.0%) and Support Vector Machine (12.3%). In addition, 15.3% of the studies were conducted with data from China, 11.1% from India and 9.7% of the studies analyzed and compared data from several other countries. Furthermore, the research showed that the main challenges in the field of study are related to the collection and treatment of data, whereas the opportunities appear to be linked mainly to the impact on the pillars of sustainable development. Thus, this study portrays important issues associated with the use of KDD and DM for optimal SWM and has the potential to assist and direct researchers and field professionals in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janaína Lopes Dias
- Department of Industrial Systems and Processes, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | - João Carlos Furtado
- Department of Industrial Systems and Processes, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil
| | - Jorge André Ribas Moraes
- Department of Environmental Technology, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Characteristics of Biogas Production from Organic Wastes Mixed at Optimal Ratios in an Anaerobic Co-Digestion Reactor. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14206812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study determined the optimal mixing ratio of food waste and livestock manure for efficient co-digestion of sewage sludge by applying the biochemical methane potential (BMP) test, Design Expert software, and continuous reactor operation. The BMP test of sewage sludge revealed a maximum methane yield of 334 mL CH4/g volatile solids (VS) at an organic loading rate (OLR) of 4 kg VS/(m3·d). For food waste, the maximum methane yield was 573 mL CH4/g VS at an OLR of 6 kg VS/(m3·d). Livestock manure showed the lowest methane yield. The BMP tests with various mixing ratios confirmed that a higher mixing ratio of food waste resulted in a higher methane yield, which showed improved biodegradability and an improved VS removal rate. The optimal mixing ratio of 2:1:1 for sewage sludge, food waste, and livestock manure was determined using Design Expert 10. Using continuous co-digestion reactor operation under an optimal mixing ratio, greater organic matter removal and methane yield was possible. The process stability of co-digestion of optimally mixed substrate was improved compared with that of operations with each substrate alone. Therefore, co-digestion could properly maintain the balance of each stage of anaerobic digestion reactions by complementing the characteristics of each substrate under a higher OLR.
Collapse
|
9
|
Addition of Different Biochars as Catalysts during the Mesophilic Anaerobic Digestion of Mixed Wastewater Sludge. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11091094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biochar (BC) recently gained attention as an additive for anaerobic digestion (AD). This work aims at a critical analysis of the effect of six BCs, with different physical and chemical properties, on the AD of mixed wastewater sludge at 37 °C, comparing their influence on methane production and AD kinetics. AD batch tests were performed at the laboratory scale operating 48 reactors (0.25 L working volume) for 28 days with the addition of 10 g L−1 of BC. Most reactors supplemented with BCs exhibited higher (up to 22%) methane yields than the control reactors (0.15 Nm3 kgVS−1). The modified Gompertz model provided maximum methane production rate values, and in all reactors the lag-phase was equal to zero days, indicating a good adaptation of the inoculum to the substrate. The potential correlations between BCs’ properties and AD performance were assessed using principal component analysis (PCA). The PCA results showed a reasonable correlation between methane production and the BCs’ O–C and H–C molar ratios, and volatile matter, and between biogas production and BCs’ pore volume, specific surface area, and fixed and total carbon. In conclusion, the physic-chemical properties of BC (specifically, hydrophobicity and morphology) showed a key role in improving the AD of mixed wastewater sludge.
Collapse
|
10
|
Does Lake Balaton affected by pollution? Assessment through surface water quality monitoring by using different assessment methods. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:5250-5260. [PMID: 34466103 PMCID: PMC8381037 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to maintain a good environmental status of surface waters, an assessment of water quality carried out at specific intervals to monitor the changes of water quality in function of time. Human knowledge and experience are currently focused on using assessment methods, especially the integration of multiple constraining factors and considering them in conjugation with the correct decision-making process concerning the environment. When surface water is highly exposed to human activities, either from recreational or economic activity, the degree of vulnerability is high, and the quality of surface water is highly compromised. In case of Lake Balaton, there are many activities that can disrupt water dynamics. The first goal of this study is to determine the location of the least and most polluted sites around Lake Balaton. The processing of data was carried out by using multi-criteria decision techniques and environmental impact assessment method based on physical–chemical parameters in comparison with the limiting parameters. Based on the results of those methods water quality needs to be improved in western parts of the lake by using several geoengineering treatment techniques. This work covers a novel approach to comparing methods based on sum of ranking differences, whereas many method comparison studies suffer from ambiguity or from comparisons not being quite fair. This problem can be avoided if there are differences between ideal and actual rankings.
Collapse
|
11
|
Li R, Zhang T, Zhong H, Song W, Zhou Y, Yin X. Bioadsorbents from algae residues for heavy metal ions adsorption: chemical modification, adsorption behaviour and mechanism. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2021; 42:3132-3143. [PMID: 31996100 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2020.1723711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biosorption is an emerging technology for the removal of heavy metals from industrial wastewater by natural or modified biomass. In this study, we proposed a novel protocol for making full use of seaweeds. Brown seaweed Sargassum carpophyllum residue (SCR) and green seaweed Caulerpa lentillifera residue (CLR) were obtained after extraction of the bioactive polysaccharides. The obtained residues were further chemical modified by butanedioic anhydride to obtained respective carboxylated product, named CSCR and CCLR. According to the titration results, CSCR and CCLR contained 2.77 and 2.12 mmol/g of carboxyl group. After modification, the adsorption capacity for metal ions increased by 3-6 times. The adsorption capacity of CSCR for Cu2+, Pb2+, Cd2+ and Mn2+ was 52.37, 107.11, 85.62, and 43.52 mg/g, and that of CCLR was 78.10, 108.80, 87.30 and 57.80 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption was well described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir adsorption isotherm equation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rongguo Li
- Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou, People's Republic of China
| | - Haifeng Zhong
- Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou, People's Republic of China
| | - Weikang Song
- Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou, People's Republic of China
| | - You Zhou
- Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueqiong Yin
- Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Córdoba VE, Santalla EM. Estimation of long-term methane emissions from Mechanical-Biological Treatment waste through biomethane potential test. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2021; 43:1-13. [PMID: 34044750 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2021.1936199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical-Biological Treatment (MBT) is a technology applied to reduce the environmental impacts of urban waste based on stabilizing the organic matter content. As the process is not entirely efficient, the residue can generate methane when it is landfilled. Long-term methane emissions estimation based on models is usually over or underestimated because the actual waste composition after stabilization is generally unknown. This work proposes a single tool to improve the emission estimations of the landfilled MBT waste based on the determination of the biomethane potential test (BMP). Experimental BMP of the crude and stabilized organic fractions of municipal solid waste obtained from an MBT plant were carried out, and the results were used to predict the methane emission from two models, LandGEM (2005) and IPCC (2006). In the LandGEM model, the experimental value of BMP represents the methane potential L0 while in the IPCC model it allowed to obtain the ultimate organic carbon anaerobically degraded (DOCf), based on a linear correlation (R2 = 0.944, p-value < .05) that can be used to obtain the DOCf in a waste of any composition. The results of the long-term (40 years) methane emissions of the stabilized waste disposed on land showed overestimations of up 56.0% (IPCC model) and 259.5% (Landgem model) when default data, instead the actual DOCf were applied in stabilized waste; similar behaviour was observed for the crude waste (23.3% and 241.3% overestimations). Moreover, the impact of the stabilization process revealed methane emission reductions of 5.1% and 20.9% based on LandGEM and IPCC models, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Elizabeth Córdoba
- Laboratorio de Bioenergía, INTELYMEC, Facultad de Ingeniería, UNICEN, Olavarría, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Schiavo S, Oliviero M, Chiavarini S, Dumontet S, Manzo S. Polyethylene, Polystyrene, and Polypropylene leachate impact upon marine microalgae Dunaliella tertiolecta. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2021; 84:249-260. [PMID: 33357043 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2020.1860173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In the aquatic environment, plastics may release several hazardous substances of severe ecotoxicological concern not covalently bound to the polymers. The aim of this study was to examine the adverse effects of leachates of different virgin polymers, polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), and polystyrene (PS) on marine microalgae Dunaliella tertiolecta. The tests carried out on D. tertiolecta included: growth inhibition, oxidative stress (DCFH-DA), and DNA damage (COMET assay). Polypropylene and PS leachates produced growth inhibition at the lowest concentration (3.1% of leachate). In contrast, a hormesis phenomenon was observed with PE leachates. An algae inhibition growth ranking (PP>PS>PE) was noted, based upon EC50 values. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated were increased with leachates concentrations with PS exhibiting the highest ROS levels, while a marked genotoxic effect (30%) was found only with PP. All leachates were free from detectable quantities of organic compounds (GC/MS) but showed the presence of transition, post-transition and alkaline earth metals, metalloids, and nonmetals (<limit of quantification (LOQ) to 83.5 µg/L). Therefore, the observed toxic action might reasonably be attributable to the presence of metals and in conjunction with polymeric actions. This investigation underlines the need to better characterize the potential impact of virgin polymers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Schiavo
- ENEA CR Portici, SSPT-PROTER Division, Portici, Italy
- International PhD Programme "Environment, Resources and Sustainable Development", Department of Science and Technology, Parthenope University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Stefano Dumontet
- International PhD Programme "Environment, Resources and Sustainable Development", Department of Science and Technology, Parthenope University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Sonia Manzo
- ENEA CR Portici, SSPT-PROTER Division, Portici, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Carrillo-Barragán P, Dolfing J, Sallis P, Gray N. The stability of ethanol production from organic waste by a mixed culture depends on inoculum transfer time. Biochem Eng J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
15
|
Yaashikaa PR, Kumar PS, Saravanan A, Varjani S, Ramamurthy R. Bioconversion of municipal solid waste into bio-based products: A review on valorisation and sustainable approach for circular bioeconomy. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 748:141312. [PMID: 32814288 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Municipal solid waste management is one of the major issues throughout the world. Inappropriate management of municipal solid waste (MSW) can pose a major hazard. Anaerobic processing of MSW followed by methane and biogas generation is one of the numerous sustainable energy source options. Compared with other technologies applicable for the treatment of MSW, factors like economic aspects, energy savings, and ecological advantages make anaerobic processing an attractive choice. This review discusses the framework for evaluating conversion of municipal solid waste to energy and waste derived bioeconomy in order to address the sustainable development goals. Further, this review will provide an innovative work foundation to improve the accuracy of structuring, quality control, and pre-treatment for the ideal treatment of different segments of MSW to achieve a sustainable circular bioeconomy. The increasing advancements in three essential conversion pathways, in particular the thermochemical, biochemical, and physiochemical conversion methods, are assessed. Generation of wastes should be limited and resource utilization must be minimised to make total progress in a circular bioeconomy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P R Yaashikaa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, Chennai 603 110, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, Chennai 603 110, Tamil Nadu, India; SSN-Centre for Radiation, Environmental Science and Technology (SSN-CREST), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai 603110, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - A Saravanan
- Department of Biotechnology, Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Chennai 602 105, India
| | - Sunita Varjani
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar 382010, Gujarat, India.
| | - Racchana Ramamurthy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, Chennai 603 110, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Environmental Engineering and Water Technology, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, PO Box 3015, 2601, DA, Delft, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Rizk R, Juzsakova T, Cretescu I, Rawash M, Sebestyén V, Le Phuoc C, Kovács Z, Domokos E, Rédey Á, Shafik H. Environmental assessment of physical-chemical features of Lake Nasser, Egypt. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:20136-20148. [PMID: 32239409 PMCID: PMC7244467 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08366-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lake Nasser is one of the largest man-made lakes on earth. It has a vital importance to Egypt for several decades because of the safe water supply of the country. Therefore, the water quality of the Lake Nasser must be profoundly investigated, and physico-chemical parameter changes of the water of the Lake Nasser should be continuously monitored and assessed. This work describes the present state of the physico-chemical (nitrate-nitrogen, nitrite-nitrogen, orthophosphate, total phosphate content, dissolved oxygen content, chemical oxygen demand, and biological oxygen demand) water parameters of Lake Nasser in Egypt at nine measurement sites along the Lake Nasser. The algorithm was devised at the University of Pannonia, Hungary, for the evaluation of the water quality. The aquatic environmental indices determined alongside the Lake Nasser fall into the category of "good" water quality at seven sampling sites and exhibited "excellent" water quality at two sampling sites according to Egyptian Governmental Decree No. 92/2013. In light of the tremendous demand for safe and healthy water supply in Egypt and international requirements, the water quality assessment is a very important tool for providing reliable information on the water quality. The protocol for water quality assessment could significantly contribute to the provision of high-quality water supply in Egypt. In conclusion, it can be stated that the parameters under investigation in different regions of Lake Nasser fall within the permissible ranges and the water of the Lake has good quality for drinking, irrigation, and fish cultures according to Egyptian standards; however, according to European specifications, there are steps to be accomplished for future water quality improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roquia Rizk
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, 8200, Hungary.
| | - Tatjána Juzsakova
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, 8200, Hungary
| | - Igor Cretescu
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, Iasi, Romania
| | - Mohamed Rawash
- Department of Animal Science, Georgikon Faculty, University of Pannonia, Keszthely, 8630, Hungary
| | - Viktor Sebestyén
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, 8200, Hungary
| | - Cuong Le Phuoc
- Da Nang University of Science and Technology, The University of Da Nang, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Zsófia Kovács
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, 8200, Hungary
| | - Endre Domokos
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, 8200, Hungary
| | - Ákos Rédey
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, 8200, Hungary
| | - Hesham Shafik
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Optimisation and Modelling of Anaerobic Digestion of Whiskey Distillery/Brewery Wastes after Combined Chemical and Mechanical Pre-Treatment. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8040492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Whiskey distillery waste streams consisting of pot ale (liquid residue) and spent grain (solid residue) are high strength organic wastes and suitable feedstock for anaerobic digestion (AD) from both economic and environmental stand points. Anaerobic digestion of pot ale and pot ale/spent grain mixtures (with mixing ratios of 1:1, 1:3, and 1:5 by wet weight) was performed after implementation of a novel hybrid pre-treatment (combined chemical and mechanical) in order to modify lignocellulosic structure and ultimately enhance digestion yield. Lignin, hemicellulose, and cellulose fractions were determined before and after chemical pre-treatment. Effects of different inoculum rates (10–30–50% on wet basis) and beating times (0–7.5–15 min) on anaerobic digestion of pot ale alone and of pot ale/spent grain mixtures were investigated in lab scale batch mode with a major focus of optimising biogas yield by using response surface methodology (RSM) in Design Expert Software. The highest biogas yields of 629 ± 8.5 mL/g vs. (51.3% CH4) and 360 ± 10 mL/g vs. (55.0 ± 0.4) with anaerobic digestion of pot ale alone and spent grain mix after 1M NaOH and 7.5 min beating pre-treatments with 50% inoculum ratio respectively. The optimum digestion conditions to maximise the biogas quality and quantity were predicted as 10 and 13 min beating times and 32 and 38 °C digestion temperatures for anaerobic digestion of pot ale alone and spent grain mix respectively.
Collapse
|
18
|
Carmona-Cabello M, García IL, Sáez-Bastante J, Pinzi S, Koutinas AA, Dorado MP. Food waste from restaurant sector - Characterization for biorefinery approach. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 301:122779. [PMID: 31958693 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.122779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is the analysis of food waste (FW) composition from local catering services to assess potential biorefinery development. Moisture content of different FW samples showed that 27-47% (w/w) was organic material. Main components were lipids (25.7-33.2, w/w), starch (16.2-29.4%, w/w) and proteins (23.5-18.3%, w/w) on a dry basis. A metal profile with Na and Mg as main components, followed by trace elements, i.e. Zn or Fe, was also found in food waste samples. Statistical tests in combination with principal component analysis provides an efficient methodology to establish specific composition variations between FW from different catering services, while relating them to FW typology. The combination of chemical characterization with statistical study constitutes a promising decision-making tool for FW processing and valorization. The innovative methodology presented in this study provides systematic evaluation of FW composition and variability to allow selection of the most appropriate valorization paths.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Carmona-Cabello
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Applied Thermodynamics, EPS, Edificio Leonardo da Vinci, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario ceiA3, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - I L García
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Applied Thermodynamics, EPS, Edificio Leonardo da Vinci, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario ceiA3, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - J Sáez-Bastante
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Applied Thermodynamics, EPS, Edificio Leonardo da Vinci, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario ceiA3, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - S Pinzi
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Applied Thermodynamics, EPS, Edificio Leonardo da Vinci, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario ceiA3, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - A A Koutinas
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece
| | - M P Dorado
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Applied Thermodynamics, EPS, Edificio Leonardo da Vinci, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario ceiA3, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Edwiges T, Frare LM, Lima Alino JH, Triolo JM, Flotats X, Silva de Mendonça Costa MS. Methane potential of fruit and vegetable waste: an evaluation of the semi-continuous anaerobic mono-digestion. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2020; 41:921-930. [PMID: 30131004 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2018.1515262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The anaerobic digestion (AD) of a high diversity blend of fruit and vegetable waste (FVW) generated in tropical conditions as a single substrate was performed. A continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR) operated in semi-continuous regime was used for AD. The reactor performance was monitored with gradually increasing organic loading rates (OLRs) from 0.5 up to 5.0 gVS L-1 d-1. The biochemical methane potential (BMP) of FVW determined by batch bottles was 360 LN CH4 kgVS-1, with a biodegradability of 79%. A stable pH with an adequate level of buffering capacity was observed during the entire experiment. Methane yield indicated the best performance at an OLR of 3.0 gVS L-1 d-1, with 285 LN CH4 kgVS-1 added, reaching 79% of BMP. At an OLR over 3.0 gVS L-1 d-1 accumulation of volatile fatty acids (VFA) was detected; in particular, propionic acid was monitored, and a decreased methane yield was detected. Biogas production rate was 1.55 LN L-1 d-1 and showed linear increase according to increases in the OLR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Edwiges
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Parana, Brazil
| | - Laercio Mantovani Frare
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Parana, Brazil
| | - João Henrique Lima Alino
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Parana, Brazil
| | - Jin Mi Triolo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Xavier Flotats
- GIRO Joint Research Unit IRTA/UPC - Department of Agri-Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Polytechnic University of Catalonia, Catalonia, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Carrillo-Barragan P, Bowler B, Dolfing J, Sallis P, Gray ND. Enrichment and Characterisation of a Mixed-Source Ethanologenic Community Degrading the Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste Under Minimal Environmental Control. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:722. [PMID: 31024500 PMCID: PMC6465759 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The utilisation of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste as feedstock for bioethanol production could reduce the need for disposal of the ever-increasing amounts of municipal solid waste, especially in developing countries, and fits with the integrated goals of climate change mitigation and transport energy security. Mixed culture fermentation represents a suitable approach to handle the complexity and variability of such waste, avoiding expensive and vulnerable closed-control operational conditions. It is widely accepted that the control of pH in these systems can direct the fermentation process toward a desired fermentation product, however, little empirical evidence has been provided in respect of lignocellulosic waste substrates and different environmental inocula sources. We evaluated ethanol production from the organic fraction of municipal solid waste using five different inocula sources where lignocellulose degradation putatively occurs, namely, compost, woodland soil, rumen, cow faeces and anaerobic granular sludge, when incubated in batch microcosms at either initially neutral or acidic pH and under initially aerobic or anaerobic conditions. Although ethanol was produced by all the inocula tested, their performance was different in response to the imposed experimental conditions. Rumen and anaerobic granular sludge produced significantly the highest ethanol concentrations (∼30 mM) under initially neutral and acidic pH, respectively. A mixed-source community formed by mixing rumen and sludge (R + S) was then tested over a range of initial pH. In contrast to the differences observed for the individual inocula, the maximal ethanol production of the mixed community was not significantly different at initial pH of 5.5 and 7. Consistent with this broader functionality, the microbial community analyses confirmed the R + S community enriched comprised bacterial taxa representative of both original inocula. It was demonstrated that the interaction of initial pH and inocula source dictated ethanologenic activity from the organic fraction of municipal solid waste. Furthermore, the ethanologenic mixed-source community enriched, was comprised of taxa belonging to the two original inocula sources (rumen and sludge) and had a broader functionality. This information is relevant when diverse inocula sources are combined for mix culture fermentation studies as it experimentally demonstrates the benefits of diversity and function assembled from different inocula.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bernard Bowler
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Dolfing
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Sallis
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Duncan Gray
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Liquid-Phase Respiration Activity Assays to Assess Organic Waste Stability: A Comparison of Two Tests. SUSTAINABILITY 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/su10051441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|