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Fayyaz Shahandashty B, Fallah N, Shamsi M, Nasernejad B, Afkhamipour M. Evaluation of enhanced chemical coagulation method for a case study on colloidal liquid particle in wastewater treatment: Statistical optimization analysis and implementation of machine learning. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 370:122345. [PMID: 39260279 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Coal mines are one of the largest sources of energy supply and generate significant volumes of wastewater. Chemical coagulation is one of the most effective methods for wastewater treatment. In this research, ferric and aluminum-based coagulants, along with polyacrylamide flocculants with positive, negative, and neutral charges, were utilized in chemical coagulation. After applying the Plackett-Burman screening method, it was found that ferric chloride coagulant, neutral flocculant, and slow mixing duration had the greatest impact. The chemical coagulation process was modeled and optimized by examining these factors using the Box-Behnken statistical design as input parameters and sedimentation velocity as the output. Under optimal conditions, the values for ferric chloride coagulant, neutral flocculant, mixing time in slow mode, and sedimentation velocity were determined to be 106.3 mg/L, 3.98 mg/L, 29.6 min, and 1.10 cm/min, respectively. Under optimal conditions, the removal percentages of pollutants, including TSS, turbidity, TDS, COD, and BOD, were obtained at 100%, 100%, 87%, 93%, and 81%, respectively. The experimental data were fitted using the BBD and ANN methods. Both models demonstrated very high agreement, but the ANN method performed better with an AAD% of 0.66, an MSE of 0.0001, and an R2 value of 0.99. All results were calculated with a confidence level above 98%, indicating that both models had very high reliability in modeling and prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Narges Fallah
- Chemical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Shamsi
- Process Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahram Nasernejad
- Chemical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Afkhamipour
- National Iranian Gas Company (NIGC), South Pars Gas Complex (SPGC), Asaluyeh, Iran
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2
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Tang JY, Xiong YS, Li MX, Jia R, Zhou LS, Fan BH, Li K, Li W, Li H, Lu HQ. Hyperbranched polyethyleneimine-functionalised chitosan aerogel for highly efficient removal of melanoidins from wastewater. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 447:130731. [PMID: 36640505 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Melanoidins are hazardous dark-coloured substances contained in molasses-based distillery wastewater. Adsorption is an effective approach to eliminate melanoidins from wastewater. However, melanoidin adsorption capacities of available adsorbents are unsatisfactory, which seriously limits their practical application. A hyperbranched polyethyleneimine-functionalised chitosan aerogel (HPCA) was fabricated as an effective adsorbent for melanoidin scavenging. HPCA demonstrated superior melanoidin adsorption efficiency because of its high specific surface area, abundant amino functional groups, and high hydrophilicity. Melanoidin removal rate of HPCA was 94.95%, which remained at 91.45% after 5 cycles. Notably, using the Langmuir isothermal model, the maximum melanoidin adsorption capacity of HPCA was determined to be 868.36 mg/g, surpassing those of most of previously reported adsorbents. Toxicity experiments indicated that HPCA can be considered a safe adsorbent with excellent biocompatibility that hardly threatens aquatic organisms. The efficient melanoidin removal of HPCA was attributed to electrostatic attraction, H-bonding, and van der Waals force. However, the adsorption might be predominantly controlled by electrovalent interaction between protonated amino groups of HPCA and carboxyl/carboxylate groups of melanoidins. Two novel models, namely, external diffusion resistance-internal diffusion resistance mixed model and adsorption on active site model, were employed to describe the dynamic mass transfer characteristics of melanoidin adsorption by HPCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yi Tang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yan-Shu Xiong
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Ming-Xing Li
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Ran Jia
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Li-Shu Zhou
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Bo-Huan Fan
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Kai Li
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Wen Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning, China.
| | - Hong Li
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Hai-Qin Lu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.
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Hadadi A, Imessaoudene A, Bollinger JC, Bouzaza A, Amrane A, Tahraoui H, Mouni L. Aleppo pine seeds (Pinus halepensis Mill.) as a promising novel green coagulant for the removal of Congo red dye: Optimization via machine learning algorithm. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 331:117286. [PMID: 36640645 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Consideration is now being given to the use of metal coagulants to remove turbidity from drinking water and wastewater. Concerns about the long-term impact of non-biodegradable sludge on human health and the potential contamination of aquatic systems are gaining popularity. Recently, alternative biocoagulants have been suggested to address these concerns. In this study, using a 1 M sodium chloride (NaCl) solution, the active coagulating agent was extracted from Pinus halepensis Mill. Seed, and used for the first time to remove Congo red dye, the influence of numerous factors on dye removal was evaluated in order to make comparisons with conventional coagulants. The application of biocoagulant was shown to be very successful, with coagulant dosages ranging from 3 to 12 mL L-1 achieving up to 80% dye removal and yielding 28 mL L-1 of sludge. It was also found that biocoagulant is extremely pH sensitive with an optimum operating pH of 3. Ferric chloride, on the other hand, achieved similar removal rate with higher sludge production (46 mL L-1) under the same conditions. A Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and proximate composition analysis were undertaken to determine qualitatively the potential active coagulant ingredient in the seeds and suggested the involvement of proteins in the coagulation-flocculation mechanism. The evaluation criteria of the Support vector machine_Gray wolf optimizer model in terms of statistical coefficients and errors reveals quite interesting results and demonstrates the performance of the model, with statistical coefficients close to 1 (R = 0.9998, R2 = 0.9995 and R2 adj = 0.9995) and minimal statistical errors (RMSE = 0.5813, MSE = 0.3379, EPM = 0 0.9808, ESP = 0.9677 and MAE = 0.2382). The study findings demonstrate that Pinus halepensis Mill. Seed extract might be a novel, environmentally friendly, and easily available coagulant for water and wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Hadadi
- Laboratoire de Gestion et Valorisation des Ressources Naturelles et Assurance Qualité. Faculté SNVST, Université de Bouira, 10000 Bouira, Algeria.
| | - Ali Imessaoudene
- Laboratoire de Gestion et Valorisation des Ressources Naturelles et Assurance Qualité. Faculté SNVST, Université de Bouira, 10000 Bouira, Algeria.
| | - Jean-Claude Bollinger
- Laboratoire E2Lim, Université de Limoges, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges, France.
| | | | - Abdeltif Amrane
- Univ.Rennes, ENSCR, 11 Allée de Beaulieu, 35708 Rennes, France.
| | - Hichem Tahraoui
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Department, Process Engineering Faculty, Salah Boubnider Constantine 3 University, Constantine, Algeria.
| | - Lotfi Mouni
- Laboratoire de Gestion et Valorisation des Ressources Naturelles et Assurance Qualité. Faculté SNVST, Université de Bouira, 10000 Bouira, Algeria.
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Optimized infrared-assisted extraction to obtain total lipid from microalgae Scenedesmus obliquus: a green approach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL REACTOR ENGINEERING 2023. [DOI: 10.1515/ijcre-2022-0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Microalgae oil has great potential to address the growing energy demand and dependence on fossil fuels. However, the multilayered cell walls of microalgae hinder efficient extraction and enhanced lipid recovery. In this study, we develop a novel protocol based on near infrared-assisted extraction (NIRAE) technology to extract efficiently total lipids from Scenedesmus obliquus. Under a greener solvent extraction approach, the effect of nine non-polar/polar solvent systems in various ratios on lipid yield was tested, and the results were compared with Soxhlet, Folch, and Bligh–Dyer methods. The highest oil yields were NIRAE 15.43%, and Soxhlet 22.24%, using AcoEt/MeOH (1:2 v/v). For Folch and Bligh–Dyer, 9.11 and 10%, respectively. The optimized NIRAE conditions obtained using response surface methodology (RSM): 43.8 min, solvent/biomass 129.90:1 (m/v), and AcOEt/MeOH 0.57:2.43 (v/v) increased the oil yield significantly to 24.20%. In contrast to conventional methods, the overall optimized NIRAE process satisfied the requirements of a green extraction because of the simple and safe operation, less solvent toxicity, lower extraction time, and solvent and energy consumption.
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Som AM, Ramlee AA, Puasa SW, Hamid HAA. Optimisation of operating conditions during coagulation-flocculation process in industrial wastewater treatment using Hylocereus undatus foliage through response surface methodology. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:17108-17121. [PMID: 34841489 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17633-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In exploring the application of natural coagulants in industrial wastewater treatment, plant-based coagulants have been gaining more interests due to their potential such as biodegradability and easy availability. Hylocereus undatus foliage as a plant-based coagulant has been proven to be efficient during the coagulation-flocculation process; however, limited research has been reported focusing only on palm oil mill effluent (POME) and latex concentrate wastewater. In addition, no previous study has been carried out to determine the performance evaluation of Hylocereus undatus foliage in treating different types of wastewater incorporating different operating conditions using optimization techniques. Hence, this study employed response surface methodology (RSM) in an attempt to determine the performance evaluation of the coagulant in paint wastewater treatment. Four independent factors such as the pH value, coagulant dosage, rapid mixing speed and temperature were chosen as the operating conditions. Three water parameters such as turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and suspended solids (SS) were chosen as responses in this study. Results revealed that through central composite design (CCD) via Design Expert software, the optimum conditions were achieved at pH 5, coagulant dosage of 300 mg/L, rapid mixing speed of 120 rpm and temperature at 30 °C. The experimental data was observed to be close to the model predictions with the optimum turbidity, COD and SS removal efficiencies found to be at 62.81%, 59.57% and 57.23%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayub Md Som
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Industrial Process Reliability and Sustainability Research Group (INPRES), College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Aina Afiqah Ramlee
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Wahidah Puasa
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hairul Amani Abdul Hamid
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
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Magnetic Field Effect on Coagulation Treatment of Wastewater Using Magnetite Rice Starch and Aluminium Sulfate. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 15:polym15010010. [PMID: 36616359 PMCID: PMC9823492 DOI: 10.3390/polym15010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of synthetic coagulants to reduce suspended particles from drinkable water and wastewater is prompting new issues because it poses many health and environmental risks. Hence, improving the coagulation process using sophisticated nanotechnology with a magnetic field (MF) for quick recoverability emerges as being useful. In this study, the effects of magnetite rice starch (MS) and aluminum sulfate (alum) were investigated at a constant dose (3 g or 3000 mg/L) using a Jar test (six beakers) as potential low-cost coagulants for industrial wastewater treatment. At a high magnification of 1000× and a surface pore size of 298 µm, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray (SEM/EDX) analyses were utilized to elucidate the morphology of the coagulants. Coagulation was performed at 150 rpm (quick mixing) for 2 min, and 30 rpm (slow mixing) for 15 min. Thereafter, samples were allowed to settle (10-60 min) with and without MF. The findings showed more than 65% contaminants removal (turbidity and TSS) and 30% chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal using alum while MS showed 80% contaminants removal (turbidity and TSS) and 50% COD removal. MS showed an increase of more than 3% in contaminants removal (COD, turbidity, and TSS) when exposed to MF. As a result, the use of MS together with MF in water and wastewater treatment is anticipated as an environmentally benign and effective coagulant.
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Sadaf S, Singh AK, Iqbal J, Kumar RN, Sulejmanović J, Habila MA, Pinê Américo-Pinheiro JH, Sher F. Advancements of sequencing batch biofilm reactor for slaughterhouse wastewater assisted with response surface methodology. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135952. [PMID: 35964716 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Slaughterhouse wastewater (SWW) contains a significant volume of highly polluted organic wastes. These include blood, fat, soluble proteins, colloidal particles, suspended materials, meat particles, and intestinal undigested food that consists of higher concentrations of organics such as biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrogen and phosphorus hence an efficient treatment is required before discharging into the water bodies. The effluent concentrations and performance of simultaneous sequential batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) with recycled plastic carrier media support are better than the local single-stage sequential batch reactor (SBR), which is lacking in the literature in terms of COD, NH3, NO3, and PO4 treatment efficiency. The present study reports a novel strategy to remove the above mentioned contaminants using an intermittently aerated SBBR with recycled plastic carrier media support along with simultaneous nitrification and denitrification. The central composite design was evaluated to optimize the treatment performance of seven different process variables including; different alternating conditions (Oxic/anoxic) for aeration cycles (3/2 h in a 6 h cycle, 6/5 h in a 12 h cycle and 9/8 h in an 18 h cycle) and hydraulic retention time (6, 12 and 18 h). The average removal efficiencies are 94.5% for NH3, 93% for NO3 and 90.1% for PO4, and 99% for COD. The study reveals that the denitrification in the post-anoxic phase was more efficient than the pre-anoxic phase for pollutant removal and maintaining higher quality effluent. The effluent concentrations and performance of simultaneous SBBR with recycled polyethylene carrier support media were better than local SBR system in terms of COD, NH3, NO3 and PO4 treatment efficiency. Results stipulated the suitability of SBBR for wastewater treatment and reusability as a sustainable approach for wastewater management under optimum conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somya Sadaf
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, Jharkhand, India; International Society of Engineering Science and Technology, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ankit Kumar Singh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Jawed Iqbal
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - R Naresh Kumar
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Jasmina Sulejmanović
- International Society of Engineering Science and Technology, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja Od Bosne 33-35, 71 000, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Mohamed A Habila
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Juliana Heloisa Pinê Américo-Pinheiro
- School of Engineering, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Ave. Brasil Sul, Number 56, ZIP Code 15385-000, Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil; Brazil University, Street Carolina Fonseca, Number 584, ZIP Code 08230-030, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Farooq Sher
- Department of Engineering, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, United Kingdom.
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Effect of Magnetized Coagulants on Wastewater Treatment: Rice Starch and Chitosan Ratios Evaluation. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14204342. [PMID: 36297919 PMCID: PMC9611462 DOI: 10.3390/polym14204342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Coagulation with synthetic chemicals has been used to treat a wide range of industrial effluents. Herein, the unique characteristics of industrial effluents being detrimental to the environment warrants urgent resource-efficient and eco-friendly solutions. Therefore, the study investigated the use of two magnetized coagulants (chitosan magnetite (CF) and rice starch magnetite (RF)), prepared via co-precipitation in three different ratios (1:2, 1:1 and 2:1) of natural coagulants (chitosan or rice starch) and magnetite nanoparticles (F) as alternative coagulants to alum for the treatment of wastewater. A Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analyzer, an X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyzer, and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy were used to characterize the surface area, crystal structure, and elemental composition of the coagulants. The influences of settling time (10–60 min) on the reduction of turbidity, color, phosphate, and absorbance were studied. This was carried out with a jar test coupled with six beakers operated under coagulation conditions of rapid stirring (150 rpm) and gentle stirring (30 rpm). Wastewater with an initial concentration of 45.6 NTU turbidity, 315 Pt. Co color, 1.18 mg/L phosphate, 352 mg/L chemical oxygen demand (COD), and 73.4% absorbance was used. The RF with a ratio of 1:1 was found to be the best magnetized coagulant with over 80% contaminant removal and 90% absorbance. The treatability performance of RF (1:1) has clearly demonstrated that it is feasible for wastewater treatment.
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Sibiya NP, Amo-Duodu G, Tetteh EK, Rathilal S. Model prediction of coagulation by magnetised rice starch for wastewater treatment using response surface methodology (RSM) with artificial neural network (ANN). SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2022.e01282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Nasrullah M, Ansar S, Krishnan S, Singh L, Peera SG, Zularisam AW. Electrocoagulation treatment of raw palm oil mill effluent: Optimization process using high current application. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 299:134387. [PMID: 35339529 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the electrocoagulation wastewater treatment process, extremely polluted water treatment requires an effective technique, and using high current is one of those. This study aims to optimize electrocoagulation parameters such as operation time, electrodes gap and the initial pH by applying high current intensity to treat palm oil mill effluent (POME) via Box-Behnken design (BBD) method. Chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), and suspended solids (SS) were used as the response variables in the quadratic polynomial model. Most of the selected models in the analysis of variance (ANOVA) have shown significant results. A high connection between the parameters and dependent variables was surprisingly discovered in this study which the obtained value of R2 for removal percentage of COD, BOD and SS were 0.9975, 0.9984 and 0.9979 respectively. Optimal removal was achieved at 19.07 A of current intensity (equivalent to 542 mA/cm2 of current density), 44.97 min of treatment time, 8.60 mm of inter-electrode distance and 4.37 of pH value, resulted in 97.21%, 99.26% and 99.00% of COD, BOD and SS removal respectively. This optimized scheme of operating parameters combination offers an alternate choice for enhancing the treatment efficiency of POME and also can be a benchmark for other researchers to treat highly polluted wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Nasrullah
- Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP), Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300, Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Sabah Ansar
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh, 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Santhana Krishnan
- PSU Energy Systems Research Institute, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Lakhveer Singh
- Energy Cluster, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES), Energy Acres, Via Premnager, Dehradun 248007, India; Department of Civil Engineering, Centre for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, Punjab, India
| | - Shaik Gouse Peera
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42602, Republic of Korea
| | - A W Zularisam
- Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP), Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300, Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.
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Wang K, Mao Y, Wang C, Ke Q, Zhao M, Wang Q. Application of a combined response surface methodology (RSM)-artificial neural network (ANN) for multiple target optimization and prediction in a magnetic coagulation process for secondary effluent from municipal wastewater treatment plants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:36075-36087. [PMID: 35060026 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18060-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an enhanced coagulation-flocculant process incorporating magnetic powder was used to further treat the secondary effluent of domestic wastewater from a municipal wastewater treatment plant. The purpose of this work was to improve the discharged water quality to the surface water class IV standard of China. A novel approach using a combination of the response surface methodology and an artificial neural network (RSM-ANN) was used to optimize and predict the total phosphorus (TP) pollutant removal and turbidity. This work was first evaluated by RSM using the concentrations of coagulant, magnetic powder, and flocculant as the controllable operating variables to determine the optimal TP removal and turbidity. Next, an ANN model with a back-propagation algorithm was constructed from the RSM data along with the non-controllable variables, raw TP concentration, and raw water turbidity. Under the optimized experimental conditions (28.42 mg/L coagulant, 623 mg/L magnetic powder, and 0.18 mg/L flocculant), the TP and turbidity removal reached 88.79 ± 5.45% and 63.48 ± 9.60%, respectively, compared with 83.28% and 59.80%, predicted by the single RSM model, and 87.71 ± 5.74% and 64.62 ± 10.75%, predicted by the RSM-ANN model. The treated water were 0.17 ± 6.69% mg/L of TP and 2.46 ± 5.09% NTU of turbidity, respectively, which completely met the surface water class IV standard (TP < 0.3 mg/L; turbidity < 3 NTU). Therefore, this work demonstrated that the discharged water quality was completely improved using the magnetic coagulation process. In addition, the combined RSM-ANN approach could have potential application in municipal wastewater treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemei Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Yuxuan Mao
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Chuanhua Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325600, China
| | - Qiang Ke
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325600, China
| | - Min Zhao
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325600, China
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325600, China.
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Kurniawan SB, Imron MF, Chik CENCE, Owodunni AA, Ahmad A, Alnawajha MM, Rahim NFM, Said NSM, Abdullah SRS, Kasan NA, Ismail S, Othman AR, Hasan HA. What compound inside biocoagulants/bioflocculants is contributing the most to the coagulation and flocculation processes? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150902. [PMID: 34653447 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biocoagulants and bioflocculants are alternative items that can be used to substitute the utilization of common-chemical coagulants and flocculants. Biocoagulants/bioflocculants can be extracted from animals, microorganisms, and plants. Moreover, biocoagulants/bioflocculants have specific characteristics that contribute to the coagulation and flocculation processes. The active compounds inside biocoagulants/bioflocculants vary and correspond to the specific working mechanisms, including charge neutralization, sweep coagulation, adsorption, bridging, and patch flocculation. This review paper summarizes the characteristics of biocoagulants/bioflocculants from different sources and its performance in treating various pollutants. Furthermore, this paper discusses the most contributing compounds and functional groups of biocoagulants/bioflocculants that can be related to their working mechanisms. Several functional groups and compounds in biocoagulants/bioflocculants are highlighted in this review article, as well as the correlation between the highlighted groups/compounds to the aforementioned coagulation-flocculation mechanisms. In addition, current knowledge gaps in the study of biocoagulants/bioflocculants and future approaches that may serve as research directions are also emphasized. This review article is expected to shed information on the characteristics of biocoagulants/bioflocculants, which may then become a focus in the optimization to obtain higher performance in future application of coagulation-flocculation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setyo Budi Kurniawan
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Muhammad Fauzul Imron
- Study Program of Environmental Engineering, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus C UNAIR, Jalan Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia.
| | | | - Amina Adedoja Owodunni
- School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Azmi Ahmad
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Polytechnic Education and Community College, Ministry of Higher Education, 62100 Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Mohammad Alnawajha
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Farhana Mohd Rahim
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nor Sakinah Mohd Said
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Rozaimah Sheikh Abdullah
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Nor Azman Kasan
- Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Suzylawati Ismail
- School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Razi Othman
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hassimi Abu Hasan
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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Muniz GL, Borges AC, da Silva TCF, Batista RO, de Castro SR. Chemically enhanced primary treatment of dairy wastewater using chitosan obtained from shrimp wastes: optimization using a Doehlert matrix design. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2022; 43:237-254. [PMID: 32544037 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2020.1783372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dairy operations generate large volumes of polluted wastewater that require treatment prior to discharge. Chemically enhanced primary treatment (CEPT) is a widely utilized wastewater treatment strategy; but it requires the use of non-biodegradable coagulants that can lead to toxic-byproducts. In this study, chitin from shrimp shell waste is extracted and converted into chitosan. Chitosan was demonstrated to be a natural, low-cost alternative coagulant compatible with the CEPT. Following treatment, dissolved air flotation allowed for the removal of turbidity, COD, and UV254 from the synthetic dairy effluent (SDE). Doehlert matrix was used to optimize the chitosan dosage and pH of the CEPT; as well as to model the process. The mechanisms behind the coagulation-flocculation were revealed using zeta potential analysis. FTIR spectroscopy was utilized to confirm the functional groups present on the chitosan. Chitosan with a degree of deacetylation equal to 81% was obtained. A chitosan dose of 73.34 mg/L at pH 5.00 was found to be optimal for the removal of pollutants. Removals of COD, turbidity and UV254 were 77.5%, 97.6%, and 88.8%, respectively. The amount of dry sludge generated to treat 1 m³ of SDE was 0.041 kg. Coagulation-flocculation mechanisms involved in chitosan-mediated treatment of SDE involve the neutralization of electrostatic charges carried on the amine groups present in cationic chitosan at pH 5.00. Doehlert matrix proved to be a useful tool in optimizing parameters throughout the coagulation-flocculation process. Chitosan from shrimp waste is a low-cost, eco-friendly coagulant alternative for the removal pollutants from dairy effluent using the CEPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Lopes Muniz
- College of Agricultural Engineering, Campinas State University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alisson Carraro Borges
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael Oliveira Batista
- Department of Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid., Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Simone Ramos de Castro
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Campinas State University, São Paulo, Brazil
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Study of the catalytic activity of multilayer graphene (MLG), molybdenum oxide (MoO2), and manganese ferrite (MnFe2O4) on the melanoidin removal by ozonation process. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s43153-021-00198-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Influence of functional polyelectrolytes on the stability of clay hydrodispersions. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-01718-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Wang Y, Geng Q, Yang J, Liu Y, Liu C. Hybrid System of Flocculation-Photocatalysis for the Decolorization of Crystal Violet, Reactive Red X-3B, and Acid Orange II Dye. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:31137-31145. [PMID: 33324822 PMCID: PMC7726949 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A hybrid system of flocculation-photocatalysis (HSFP) was applied to evaluate the color removal from simulative dye wastewater. The decolorization performance of HSFP was investigated considering four key factors: flocculant dosage, pH, turbidity, and ionic strength. Compared with flocculation alone, HSFP showed better decolorization effectiveness for simulative Crystal Violet-Reactive Red X-3B dye wastewater (CV-RR) and simulative Crystal Violet-Acid Orange II dye wastewater (CV-AO). The dosage of flocculant was determined by the molecular structure of target dyes. A higher dosage was required for the color removal of dyes with a lower molecular weight and less sulfonic acid groups. The dominant decolorization mechanism was different with different initial pH values of simulative dye wastewater, which influenced the decolorization efficiency of flocculation and photocatalysis. For dyes with a lower molecular weight and less sulfonic acid groups, better decolorization performance was achieved under neutral conditions, mainly depending on strong charge neutralization and adsorption bridging capacity. For dyes with a higher molecular weight and more sulfonic acid groups, decolorization efficiency was improved with an increase in pH, due to stronger deprotonation. An increase of turbidity reduced the dye removal efficiency of flocculation alone and HSFP. The presence of NaCl, CuCl2, and CrCl3 led to a different decrease in the flocculation efficiency and photodegradation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfang Wang
- Department
of Chemistry-Chemical & Environment Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang 261061, P. R. China
| | - Qijin Geng
- Department
of Chemistry-Chemical & Environment Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang 261061, P. R. China
| | - Jinmei Yang
- Department
of Chemistry-Chemical & Environment Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang 261061, P. R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department
of Chemistry-Chemical & Environment Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang 261061, P. R. China
| | - Chen Liu
- School
of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
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Chua SC, Show PL, Chong FK, Ho YC. Lentil waste as novel natural coagulant for agricultural wastewater treatment. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2020; 82:1833-1847. [PMID: 33201847 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2020.409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Increasing agricultural irrigation to counteract a soil moisture deficit has resulted in the production of hazardous agricultural wastewater with high turbidity and chemical oxygen demand (COD). An innovative, sustainable, and effective solution is needed to overcome the pollution and water scarcity issues caused by the agricultural anthropogenic processes. This research focused on a sustainable solution that utilized a waste (broken lentil) as natural coagulant for turbidity and COD removal in agricultural wastewater treatment. The efficiency of the lentil extract (LE), grafted lentil extract (LE-g-DMC) and aluminium sulphate (alum) coagulants was optimized through the response surface methodology. Three-level Box-Behnken design was used to statistically visualize the complex interactions of pH, concentration of coagulants and settling time. LE achieved a significant 99.55% and 79.87% removal of turbidity and COD at pH 4, 88.46 mg/L of LE and 6.9 minutes of settling time, whereas LE-g-DMC achieved 99.83% and 80.32% removal of turbidity and COD at pH 6.7, 63.08 mg/L of LE-g-DMC and 5 minutes of settling time. As compared to alum, LE-g-DMC required approximately 30% less concentration. Moreover, LE and LE-g-DMC also required 75% and 65% less settling time as compared to the alum. Both LE and LE-g-DMC produced flocs with excellent settling ability (5.77 mg/L and 4.48 mL/g) and produced a significant less volume of sludge (10.60 mL/L and 8.23 mL/L) as compared with the alum. The economic analysis and assessments have proven the feasibility of both lentil-based coagulants in agricultural wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siong-Chin Chua
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia and Centre of Urban Resource Sustainability, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia E-mail:
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Malaysia Campus Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham, Semenyih, Malaysia
| | - Fai-Kait Chong
- Fundamental and Applied Sciences Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Yeek-Chia Ho
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia and Centre of Urban Resource Sustainability, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia E-mail:
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18
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The Application of Modified Natural Polymers in Toxicant Dye Compounds Wastewater: A Review. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12072032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The utilization of various types of natural and modified polymers for removing toxicant dyes in wastewater generated by the dye industry is reviewed in this article. Dye wastewater contains large amounts of metals, surfactants, and organic matter, which have adverse effects on human health, potentially causing skin diseases and respiratory problems. The removal of dyes from wastewaters through chemical and physical processes has been addressed by many researchers. Currently, the use of natural and modified polymers for the removal of dyes from wastewater is becoming more common. Although modified polymers are preferred for the removal of dyes, due to their biodegradability and non-toxic nature, large amounts of polymers are required, resulting in higher costs. Surface-modified polymers are more effective for the removal of dyes from the wastewater. A survey of 80 recently published papers demonstrates that modified polymers have outstanding dye removal capabilities, and thus have a high applicability in industrial wastewater treatment.
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Pandey A, Srivastava S, Kumar S. Development and cost-benefit analysis of a novel process for biofuel production from microalgae using pre-treated high-strength fresh cheese whey wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:23963-23980. [PMID: 32304062 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08535-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel two-step integrated process is proposed to facilitate the microalgae biofuel production as well as fresh cheese whey wastewater (FCWW) treatment simultaneously. The pre- and post-treatment of high-strength FCWW were performed by means of coagulation and algal cultivation, respectively. The pre-treatment of FCWW for maximum removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), turbidity (TUR) and total solids (TS) as responses was obtained by statistical optimization of coagulation parameters. The maximum removal of COD, TUR and TS at the optimum level of variables was obtained as 68.09%, 47.80% and 73.63%, respectively. The pre-treated FCWW was further treated by Chlorella pyrenoidosa and observed a significant reduction in the above-mentioned responses (87-94%). The maximum algal biomass yield and lipid productivity were observed as 2.44 g L-1 and 77.41 mg L-1 day-1, respectively. Based on promising results of FCWW treatment and its use as a third-generation biodiesel feedstock, a cost-benefit analysis of the developed process was assessed for microalgal oil production. The total profit earned by the integrated process model was $9.59 million year-1. Accordingly, the estimated production cost of algal oil (TAG) from the developed system was estimated to be $79.03 per barrel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, 211004, India
| | - Sameer Srivastava
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, 211004, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India.
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Sun T, Yan P, Zhan N, Zhang L, Chen Z, Zhang A, Shan A. The optimization of fermentation conditions for Pichia pastoris GS115 producing recombinant xylanase. Eng Life Sci 2020; 20:216-228. [PMID: 32874185 PMCID: PMC7447871 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201900116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Xylanase is a member of an important family of enzymes that has been used in many biotechnological processes. However, the overall cost of enzyme production has been the main problem in the industrial application of enzymes. To obtain maximum xylanase production, statistical approaches based on the Plackett-Burman design and response surface methodology were employed. The results of the statistical analyses demonstrated that the optimal conditions for increased xylanase production were the following: inoculum size, 3.8%; maize meal, 4.5%; histidine, 0.6%; methanol, 1%; culture volume, 20%; bean pulp, 30 g L-1; and Tween-80, 0.8%; and pH 5.0. Verification of the optimization demonstrated that 3273 U mL-1 xylanase was observed under the optimal conditions in shake flask experiments. SDS-PAGE results showed that the size of xylanase protein was about 23 kDa. The results showed that the xylanase produced by fermentation came from Aspergillus Niger by MALDI-TOF-MS. The optimized medium resulted in 2.1- and 1.4-fold higher the activity of xylanase compared with the unoptimized medium (the main nutrients are maize meal and bean pulp) and laboratory medium (the main nutrients are yeast extract and peptone), respectively. The optimization of fermentation conditions is an effective means to reduce production cost and improve xylanase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Sun
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, The Institute of Animal NutritionNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinP. R. China
| | - Ping Yan
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, The Institute of Animal NutritionNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinP. R. China
| | - Na Zhan
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, The Institute of Animal NutritionNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinP. R. China
| | - Licong Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, The Institute of Animal NutritionNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinP. R. China
| | - Zhihui Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, The Institute of Animal NutritionNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinP. R. China
| | - Aizhong Zhang
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary MedicineHeilongjiang Bayi Agricultural UniversityDaqingP. R. China
| | - Anshan Shan
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, The Institute of Animal NutritionNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinP. R. China
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Application of amine-functioned Fe3O4 nanoparticles with HPEI for effective humic acid removal from aqueous solution: Modeling and optimization. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-019-0411-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Li S, Lei T, Jiang F, Miao C, Yang X, Wang S, Tang L. Improvement of the process of removing phosphorus from high-phosphorus distillery effluent by ferric chloride using response surface methodology and three-step method. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2019; 79:2046-2055. [PMID: 31318342 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2019.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to optimize the coagulation-flocculation effect of a wastewater treatment system using the response surface methodology (RSM) and three-step method to minimize phosphorus concentration in the distillate wastewater. In order to minimize the concentration of total phosphorus (TP), experiments were carried out using 33-factorial designs with three levels and three factors. A Box-Behnken design, which is the standard design of RSM, was used to evaluate the effects and interactions of three major factors (Fe:P (w/w) ratio, coagulation pH and fast mixing speed (FMS)) on the treatment efficiency. A multivariable quadratic model developed for studying the response indicated that the values for optimum conditions for Fe:P (w/w) ratio, coagulation pH and FMS were 2.40, 6.48 and 100 rev min-1, respectively. Under optimal process conditions, the TP concentration in the distillery effluent was reduced from 10 mg L-1 to 0.215 mg L-1, representing a removal efficiency of 97.85%. Based upon the statistical evaluation of results, it is inferred that RSM can be used as an appropriate approach to optimize the coag-flocculation process. Meanwhile, the study has shown that, for the equivalent dose of ferric chloride, the average three-step effect is better than that of the one-time addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjian Li
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, No. 2 CuiHu North Road, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650091, China E-mail:
| | - Ting Lei
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, No. 2 CuiHu North Road, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650091, China E-mail:
| | - Fang Jiang
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, No. 2 CuiHu North Road, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650091, China E-mail:
| | - Changlin Miao
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, No. 2 CuiHu North Road, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650091, China E-mail:
| | - Xiangjun Yang
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, No. 2 CuiHu North Road, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650091, China E-mail:
| | - Shixiong Wang
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, No. 2 CuiHu North Road, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650091, China E-mail:
| | - Lihong Tang
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, No. 2 CuiHu North Road, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650091, China E-mail:
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