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Zhou X, Liu H, Fan X, Wang X, Bi X, Cheng L, Huang S, Zhao F, Yang T. Comparative Analysis of Bacterial Information of Biofilms and Activated Sludge in Full-Scale MBBR-IFAS Systems. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1121. [PMID: 38930504 PMCID: PMC11206091 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study extensively analyzed the bacterial information of biofilms and activated sludge in oxic reactors of full-scale moving bed biofilm reactor-integrated fixed-film activated sludge (MBBR-IFAS) systems. The bacterial communities of biofilms and activated sludge differed statistically (R = 0.624, p < 0.01). The denitrifying genera Ignavibacterium, Phaeodactylibacter, Terrimonas, and Arcobacter were more abundant in activated sludge (p < 0.05), while comammox Nitrospira was more abundant in biofilms (p < 0.05), with an average relative abundance of 8.13%. Nitrospira and Nitrosomonas had weak co-occurrence relationships with other genera in the MBBR-IFAS systems. Potential function analysis revealed no differences in pathways at levels 1 and 2 based on the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) between biofilms and activated sludge. However, in terms of pathways at level 3, biofilms had more potential in 26 pathways, including various organic biodegradation and membrane and signal transportation pathways. In comparison, activated sludge had more potential in only five pathways, including glycan biosynthesis and metabolism. With respect to nitrogen metabolism, biofilms had greater potential for nitrification (ammonia oxidation) (M00528), and complete nitrification (comammox) (M00804) concretely accounted for methane/ammonia monooxygenase (K10944, K10945, and K10946) and hydroxylamine dehydrogenase (K10535). This study provides a theoretical basis for MBBR-IFAS systems from the perspective of microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xing Fan
- State and Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Urban Wastewater Treatment and Reclamation, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China (F.Z.); (T.Y.)
| | | | - Xuejun Bi
- State and Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Urban Wastewater Treatment and Reclamation, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China (F.Z.); (T.Y.)
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2
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Liang C, Svendsen SB, de Jonge N, Carvalho PN, Nielsen JL, Bester K. Eat seldom is better than eat frequently: Pharmaceuticals degradation kinetics, enantiomeric profiling and microorganisms in moving bed biofilm reactors are affected by feast famine cycle times. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 468:133739. [PMID: 38401210 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Feast-famine (FF) regimes improved the removal of recalcitrant pharmaceuticals in moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBRs), but the optimal FF cycle remained unresolved. The effects of FF cycle time on the removal of bulk substrates (organic carbon and nitrogen) and trace pharmaceuticals by MBBR are systematically evaluated in this study. The feast to famine ratio was fixed to 1:2 to keep the same loading rate, but the time for the FF cycles varied from 18 h to 288 h. The MBBR adapted to the longest FF cycle time (288 h equaling 48 × HRT) resulted in significantly higher degradation rates (up to +183%) for 12 out of 28 pharmaceuticals than a continuously fed (non-FF) reactor. However, other FF cycle times (18, 36, 72 and 144 h) only showed a significant up-regulation for 2-3 pharmaceuticals compared to the non-FF reactor. Enantioselective degradation of metoprolol and propranolol occurred in the second phase of a two phase degradation, which was different for the longer FF cycle time. N-oxidation and N-demethylation pathways of tramadol and venlafaxine differed across the FF cycle time suggestin the FF cycle time varied the predominant transformation pathways of pharmaceuticals. The abundance of bacteria in the biofilms varied considerably between different FF cycle times, which possibly caused the biofilm to remove more recalcitrant bulk organic C and pharmaceuticals under long cycle times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanzhou Liang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, Roskilde 4000, Denmark
| | - Sif B Svendsen
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, Roskilde 4000, Denmark
| | - Nadieh de Jonge
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, DK-9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Pedro N Carvalho
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, Roskilde 4000, Denmark
| | - Jeppe Lund Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, DK-9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Kai Bester
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, Roskilde 4000, Denmark.
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3
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Luan YN, Xu Y, Guo Z, Yin Y, Wang Q, Zhang F, Xiao Y, Liu C, Jiang S. Enhanced nitrogen removal in immersed rotating self-aerated biofilm reactor: nitrogen removal pathway and microbial mechanism. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 385:129426. [PMID: 37392965 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
To achieve energy-efficient treatment of the rural wastewater with satisfying performance, a novel immersed rotating self-aerated biofilm reactor (iRSABR) was proposed in this study. The iRSABR system showed better biofilm renewal performance and higher microbial activity. The effect of different regulation strategies on the iRSABR system was investigated in this study. The 70% immersion ratio and 4 r/min rotation speed (stage III) exhibited the best performance, with a total nitrogen removal efficiency of 86% and a simultaneous nitrification-denitrification (SND) rate of 76%, along with the highest electron transport system activity. The nitrogen removal pathway revealed that the SND was achieved through autotrophic/heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic/anoxic denitrification. The regulation strategy in the iRSABR system established a synergistic microbial community with main functional bacteria of nitrification (Nitrosomonas), anoxic denitrification (Flavobacterium, Pseudoxanthomonas), and aerobic denitrification (Thauera). This study highlighted the feasibility and adaptability of the iRSABR system toward energy-efficient rural wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Luan
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Yanming Xu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Zhonghong Guo
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Yue Yin
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Qing Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Yihua Xiao
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Changqing Liu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China.
| | - Shaojun Jiang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China
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4
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Svendsen SB, Rebien Jørgensen L, Liang C, Carvalho PN, Bendix Larsen S, Bester K. Mechanistic studies on the effect of easy degradable carbon on pharmaceuticals removal in intermittently fed moving bed biofilm reactors. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 380:129084. [PMID: 37100298 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to provide for the first time systematic data on how intermittent feeding with carbon (ethanol) affects the kinetics of pharmaceuticals degradation in a moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR). The relationship between the degradation rate constants (K) of 36 pharmaceuticals and the length of famine was tested with 12 different feast-famine ratios: For 17 pharmaceuticals, intermittent feeding increased K with a factor of 3-17, while for six other pharmaceuticals, it decreased K. Concerning intermittent loading, three dependencies were detected: 1) for some compounds (e.g., valsartan, ibuprofen, iohexol), the K decreased linearly with carbon loading, 2) for three compounds (2 sulfonamides and benzotriazole) K increased linearly with carbon loading 3) for most compounds (e.g., beta blockers, macrocyclic antibiotics, candesartan, citalopram, clindamycin, gabapentin) K had a maximum around 6 d famine (with 2 d feast). Optimizing processes on MBBRs need therefore be conducted based on a prioritization of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sif B Svendsen
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, Roskilde 4000, Denmark; WATEC - Centre for Water Technology, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, Aarhus 8000, DK, Denmark
| | - Lucas Rebien Jørgensen
- Institute for Green Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, DK, Denmark; Kalundborg Utility, Dokhavnsvej 15, 4400 Kalundborg, DK, Denmark
| | - Chuanzhou Liang
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, Roskilde 4000, Denmark; WATEC - Centre for Water Technology, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, Aarhus 8000, DK, Denmark; School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Pedro N Carvalho
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, Roskilde 4000, Denmark; WATEC - Centre for Water Technology, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, Aarhus 8000, DK, Denmark
| | - Sille Bendix Larsen
- Kalundborg Utility, Dokhavnsvej 15, 4400 Kalundborg, DK, Denmark; Novozymes, Hallas Alle 1, 4400 Kalundborg, DK, Denmark
| | - Kai Bester
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, Roskilde 4000, Denmark; WATEC - Centre for Water Technology, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, Aarhus 8000, DK, Denmark.
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5
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Luan YN, Yin Y, Xu Y, Zhang F, Wang X, Zhao F, Xiao Y, Liu C. Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in a novel rotating self-aerated biofilm reactor for decentralized wastewater treatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 369:128513. [PMID: 36538963 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Decentralized wastewater pollution in rural areas has become a serious problem for the rural environment. In this study, a novel rotating self-aerated biofilm reactor was developed for decentralized wastewater treatment without any aeration equipment. After the long-term operation of 110 days, the removal efficiency reached to 96.06 % (COD), 98.06 % (NH4+-N), and 62.58 % (TN) in the last phase. Under high dissolved oxygen level, the simultaneous nitrification-denitrification (SND) maintained at a stable ratio of 62.53 % and the denitrification rates reached over 28.37 mg/L/h. With the organic loading rate increased, key nitrogen functional bacterial communities such as anoxic denitrifiers (Thiothrix, Flavobacterium, Pseudoxanthomonas, Aquimonas and Azoarcus) and aerobic denitrifiers (Hydrogenophaga, Zoogloea and Terrimonas) increased obviously. Overall, microbial analysis and nitrogen metabolism pathway indicated that an integration of SND process was achieved in this single reactor by the combined action of nitrification, denitrification and comammox without any aeration equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Luan
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, 777Jialingjiang East Road, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Yue Yin
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, 777Jialingjiang East Road, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Yanming Xu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, 777Jialingjiang East Road, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, 777Jialingjiang East Road, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, 777Jialingjiang East Road, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Fangchao Zhao
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, 777Jialingjiang East Road, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Yihua Xiao
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, 777Jialingjiang East Road, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Changqing Liu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, 777Jialingjiang East Road, Qingdao 266520, China.
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6
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Wang X, Chen S, Bi X, Chen N, Yang T, Wang L, Maletskyi Z, Ratnaweera H. Morphological image analysis of biofilm evolution with quantitative analysis in a moving bed biofilm reactor. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 856:159199. [PMID: 36198352 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The quantitative analysis of biomass is essential for the research and application of moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBRs). However, the difficulty in measuring the attached growing biomass hinders the quantitative analysis of biofilm processes. In this study, a pilot-scale MBBR system was established to investigate biofilm evolution. The quantity of active heterotrophic and autotrophic biomass was measured throughout the entire culturing process. The total active biomass reached 250 mg COD/m2 when the biofilm attachment and detachment were balanced, and the corresponding autotrophic biomass contributes to as high as 17 % of the total biomass. Furthermore, quantitative image analysis was performed to obtain the thickness and morphological data of the biofilm evolution. Multivariate regression models were constructed based on the morphological data, which provided satisfactory prediction accuracy for the biofilm thickness and maturation. The most suitable carrier spots for biomass quantification and biofilm maturation were suggested. This work provided the life-cycle information of biofilm quantity and morphology of the MBBR, which contributes to the quantitative understanding of biofilm evolution at MBBRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Fushun Road 11, Qingdao 266033, China.
| | - Shanshan Chen
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Fushun Road 11, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Xuejun Bi
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Fushun Road 11, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Ning Chen
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Fushun Road 11, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Tang Yang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Fushun Road 11, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Ling Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Fushun Road 11, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Zakhar Maletskyi
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Aas, Norway
| | - Harsha Ratnaweera
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Aas, Norway
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7
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Han W, Zhou J, Sheng D, Wu D, Zhou H, Yang Z, Yin J, Xia C, Kan Y, He J. Integration of a pure moving bed biofilm reactor process into a large micro-polluted water treatment plant. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2022; 86:3051-3066. [PMID: 36579869 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2022.380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The pure-MBBR process was applied to remove ammonia in a full-scale micro-polluted-water treatment plant with a daily treatment capacity of 260 × 104 m3/d, Guangdong, China. The relationship between treatment efficiency, physical and chemical properties and microbial diversity in the process of biofilm growth was explored, and the oxygen transfer model of biofilm was established. The results show that the effluent of two-stage pure MBBR process is stable and up to standard after 10 days' incubation. The nitrification loads of two-stage biofilm was stable on the 14th day. The biomass and biofilm thickness lagged behind the nitrification load, and reached a relatively stable level on the 28th day. The species richness of biofilm basically reached a stable level on the 21st day, and the microbial diversity of primary biofilm was higher. In the primary and secondary stage at different periods, the relative abundance of dominant nitrifying bacteria Nitrospira reaches 8.48-13.60%, 6.48-9.27%, and Nitrosomonas reaches 2.89-5.64%, 0.00-3.48%. The pure MBBR system mainly adopts perforated aeration. Through the cutting and blocking of bubbles by suspended carriers, the oxygen transfer rate of the system was greatly improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Han
- Biofilm Research Institute, Qingdao Spring Water Treatment Co. Ltd, Qingdao 266555, P. R. China E-mail:
| | - Jiazhong Zhou
- Biofilm Research Institute, Qingdao Spring Water Treatment Co. Ltd, Qingdao 266555, P. R. China E-mail:
| | - Deyang Sheng
- Dongguan Water Group Co., Ltd, Dongguan 523109, P. R. China
| | - Di Wu
- Biofilm Research Institute, Qingdao Spring Water Treatment Co. Ltd, Qingdao 266555, P. R. China E-mail:
| | - Haoran Zhou
- Biofilm Research Institute, Qingdao Spring Water Treatment Co. Ltd, Qingdao 266555, P. R. China E-mail:
| | - Zhongqi Yang
- Biofilm Research Institute, Qingdao Spring Water Treatment Co. Ltd, Qingdao 266555, P. R. China E-mail:
| | - Jianwen Yin
- Biofilm Research Institute, Qingdao Spring Water Treatment Co. Ltd, Qingdao 266555, P. R. China E-mail:
| | - Chao Xia
- Biofilm Research Institute, Qingdao Spring Water Treatment Co. Ltd, Qingdao 266555, P. R. China E-mail:
| | - Yujiao Kan
- School of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, P. R. China
| | - Junguo He
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
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8
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Montecchio D, Mattei MR, Esposito G, Andreottola G, Ferrentino R. Mathematical modelling of an intermittent anoxic/aerobic MBBR: Estimation of nitrification rates and energy savings. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 321:116026. [PMID: 35998531 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed at modelling the performance of a novel MBBR configuration, named A/O-MBBR, comprised of a pre-anoxic reactor, with an HRT of 4.5 h, coupled with an intermittent anoxic/aerobic MBBR (HRT = 6.8 h). The lab-scale system was fed with municipal wastewater with an average influent Total Ammonia Nitrogen (TAN) and total COD (TCOD) concentrations of 46 mg of TAN-N L-1 and 310 mg TCOD L-1. During the whole experimental period, TAN removal efficiency was always higher than 96%; denitrification was also very effective, achieving nitrate and nitrite concentrations in the effluent both lower than 5 mg NOx-N L-1 on average. Moreover, TCOD average removal efficiency was equal to 85%. Modelling was performed to investigate the nitrification efficacy enhancement; to this aim, a biofilm model was developed, adopting the equations for mixed-culture biofilms and the Activated Model Sludge n°1 (ASM1) for the biological processes rates. The model allowed to determine the maximum uptake rate for autotrophic growth (μA was 2.5 d-1) and the semisaturation constant (KOA was 0.2 mg O2 L-1), suggesting that the nitrification process was 3-fold faster than average and very effective at low oxygen concentrations. The model estimated that about 85% of TAN was removed by the biofilm and only the remaining part by suspended biomass in the bulk liquid. Finally, it was assessed that the A/O-MBBR configuration allowed for a 45-60% savings of the energy requirement compared to a Benchmark WWTP layout.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Montecchio
- Istituto di Ricerca Sulle Acque-CNR, Area Della Ricerca RM1, 00015 Monterotondo, Roma, Italy.
| | - M R Mattei
- Department of Mathematics and Applications "Renato Caccioppoli", University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia, Monte S. Angelo, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
| | - G Esposito
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Via Claudio 21, 80125, Naples, Italy.
| | - G Andreottola
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Via Mesiano 77, 38123, Trento, Italy.
| | - R Ferrentino
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Via Mesiano 77, 38123, Trento, Italy.
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Zhou X, Bi X, Yang T, Fan X, Shi X, Wang L, Zhang Y, Cheng L, Zhao F, Maletskyi Z, Hui X. Metagenomic insights into microbial nitrogen metabolism in two-stage anoxic/oxic-moving bed biofilm reactor system with multiple chambers for municipal wastewater treatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 361:127729. [PMID: 35931282 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To explore the microbial nitrogen metabolism of a two-stage anoxic/oxic (A/O)-moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR), biofilms of the system's chambers were analyzed using metagenomic sequencing. Significant differences in microbial populations were found among the pre-anoxic, oxic and post-anoxic MBBRs (P < 0.01). Nitrospira and Nitrosomonas had positive correlations with ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) removal, and were also predominant in oxic MBBRs. These organisms were the hosts of functional genes for nitrification. The denitrifying genera were predominant in anoxic MBBRs, including Thiobacillus and Sulfurisoma in pre-anoxic MBBRs and Dechloromonas and Thauera in post-anoxic MBBRs. The four genera had positive correlations with total nitrate and nitrite nitrogen (NOX--N) removal and were the hosts of functional genes for denitrification. Specific functional biofilms with different microbial nitrogen metabolisms were formed in each chamber of this system. This work provides a microbial theoretical support for the two-stage A/O-MBBR system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Zhou
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Jialingjiang Road 777, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Xuejun Bi
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Jialingjiang Road 777, Qingdao 266520, China.
| | - Tang Yang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Jialingjiang Road 777, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Xing Fan
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Jialingjiang Road 777, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Xueqing Shi
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Jialingjiang Road 777, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Ling Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Jialingjiang Road 777, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Jialingjiang Road 777, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Lihua Cheng
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Jialingjiang Road 777, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Fangchao Zhao
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Jialingjiang Road 777, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Zakhar Maletskyi
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003-IMT, Aas 1432, Norway
| | - Xiaoliang Hui
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Jialingjiang Road 777, Qingdao 266520, China
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10
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Zhou X, Bi X, Fan X, Yang T, Wang X, Chen S, Cheng L, Zhang Y, Zhao W, Zhao F, Nie S, Deng X. Performance and bacterial community analysis of a two-stage A/O-MBBR system with multiple chambers for biological nitrogen removal. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 303:135195. [PMID: 35667503 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A two-stage anoxic/oxic (A/O)-moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) system with multiple chambers was established for municipal wastewater treatment. At the total hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 11.2 h and nitrate recycling ratio of 1, the removal efficiencies reached 83.8%, 82.5%, and 77.8% for soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), 98.0%, 97.5%, and 94.9% for ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N), and 91.8%, 92.0%, and 87.7% for total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) in summer, autumn and winter, respectively. Biofilms with functional bacterial populations were formed in the pre-anoxic reactors, the pre-oxic reactors, the post-anoxic reactors and the post-oxic reactors of the two-stage A/O-MBBR system. The highest nitrification potential was found in the last oxic reactor of the first A/O-MBBR subsystem with the highest relative abundances of the functional genes including [EC:1.14.99.39] and [EC:1.7.2.6]). The highest denitrification potential was found in the post-anoxic reactors with the highest relative abundances of the functional genes including [EC:1.7.2.1], [EC:1.7.2.5] and [EC:1.7.2.4]. This work constructed an efficient municipal biological nitrogen removal technology to achieve high effluent nitrogen standards in winter, and investigated its working mechanism to provide a basis for its design and optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Zhou
- State and Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Urban Wastewater Treatment and Reclamation, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266033, PR China.
| | - Xuejun Bi
- State and Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Urban Wastewater Treatment and Reclamation, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266033, PR China.
| | - Xing Fan
- State and Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Urban Wastewater Treatment and Reclamation, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266033, PR China.
| | - Tang Yang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Urban Wastewater Treatment and Reclamation, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266033, PR China.
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Urban Wastewater Treatment and Reclamation, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266033, PR China.
| | - Shanshan Chen
- State and Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Urban Wastewater Treatment and Reclamation, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266033, PR China.
| | - Lihua Cheng
- State and Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Urban Wastewater Treatment and Reclamation, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266033, PR China.
| | - Yuan Zhang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Urban Wastewater Treatment and Reclamation, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266033, PR China.
| | - Weihua Zhao
- State and Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Urban Wastewater Treatment and Reclamation, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266033, PR China.
| | - Fangchao Zhao
- State and Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Urban Wastewater Treatment and Reclamation, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266033, PR China.
| | - Shichen Nie
- Shandong Hynar Water Environmental Protection Co., Ltd, Heze, 274000, PR China.
| | - Xiaoyu Deng
- Hynar Water Group Co, Ltd., Shenzhen, 518000, PR China.
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11
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Luan YN, Yin Y, An Y, Zhang F, Wang X, Zhao F, Xiao Y, Liu C. Investigation of an intermittently-aerated moving bed biofilm reactor in rural wastewater treatment under low dissolved oxygen and C/N condition. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 358:127405. [PMID: 35660455 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
An intermittently-aerated moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) was proposed for nitrogen and carbon removal from low C/N synthetic rural wastewater. In purposes of low energy consumption and costs, the intermittent aeration modes were changed and the dissolved oxygen was reduced gradually during the operation. The results showed that effluent concentrations of ammonia nitrogen and chemical oxygen demand were lower than 15 and 50 mg/L, respectively, even under microaerobic condition (0.1-1.0 mg/L). Meanwhile, the simultaneous nitrification-denitrification was achieved by intermittent aeration. The activity of functional bacteria was still high and the proportion of autotrophic biomass increased significantly under intermittent micro-aeration mode, which improved the nitrification performance. Aerobic denitrifier Hydrogenophaga, anoxic denitrifier Thiothrix, and heterotrophic nitrifier such as Rhodobacter were enriched in the intermittently micro-aerated MBBR, which will provide an applicable solution for rural wastewater treatment under low C/N and costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Luan
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, 777Jialingjiang East Road, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Yue Yin
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, 777Jialingjiang East Road, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Yuning An
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, 777Jialingjiang East Road, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, 777Jialingjiang East Road, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, 777Jialingjiang East Road, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Fangchao Zhao
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, 777Jialingjiang East Road, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Yihua Xiao
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, 777Jialingjiang East Road, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Changqing Liu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, 777Jialingjiang East Road, Qingdao 266520, China.
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12
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Chattopadhyay I, J RB, Usman TMM, Varjani S. Exploring the role of microbial biofilm for industrial effluents treatment. Bioengineered 2022; 13:6420-6440. [PMID: 35227160 PMCID: PMC8974063 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2044250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilm formation on biotic or abiotic surfaces is caused by microbial cells of a single or heterogeneous species. Biofilm protects microbes from stressful environmental conditions, toxic action of chemicals, and antimicrobial substances. Quorum sensing (QS) is the generation of autoinducers (AIs) by bacteria in a biofilm to communicate with one other. QS is responsible for the growth of biofilm, synthesis of exopolysaccharides (EPS), and bioremediation of environmental pollutants. EPS is used for wastewater treatment due to its three-dimensional matrix which is composed of proteins, polysaccharides, humic-like substances, and nucleic acids. Autoinducers mediate significantly the degradation of environmental pollutants. Acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL) producing bacteria as well as quorum quenching enzyme or bacteria can effectively improve the performance of wastewater treatment. Biofilms-based reactors due to their economic and ecofriendly nature are used for the treatment of industrial wastewaters. Electrodes coated with electro-active biofilm (EAB) which are obtained from sewage sludge, activated sludge, or industrial and domestic effluents are getting popularity in bioremediation. Microbial fuel cells are involved in wastewater treatment and production of energy from wastewater. Synthetic biological systems such as genome editing by CRISPR-Cas can be used for the advanced bioremediation process through modification of metabolic pathways in quorum sensing within microbial communities. This narrative review discusses the impacts of QS regulatory approaches on biofilm formation, extracellular polymeric substance synthesis, and role of microbial community in bioremediation of pollutants from industrial effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rajesh Banu J
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, India
| | - T M Mohamed Usman
- Department of Civil Engineering, PET Engineering College, Vallioor, Tirunelveli, India
| | - Sunita Varjani
- Paryavaran Bhavan, Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar, India
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13
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Wolf-Baca M, Piekarska K. Biodiversity of organisms inhabiting the water supply network of Wroclaw. Detection of pathogenic organisms constituting a threat for drinking water recipients. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 715:136732. [PMID: 32014762 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the article was to present the diversity of organisms inhabiting the water supply network with particular consideration of pathogenic organisms that can cause an epidemiological threat, with the application of high throughput sequencing (HTS). The study material was water sampled from 15 points in the water supply system. High species diversity of bacteria was evidenced, as well as the presence of microorganisms from genus Clostridium and family Enterobacteriaceae. No presence of bacteria Clostridium perfringens was recorded, which suggests proper performance of water treatment processes. Owing to advanced techniques of molecular biology, the article also presents species very similar to pathogenic bacteria the detection of which is not possible by means of standard water analysis (plate culture). Based on literature data and very high similarity of the genome of the bacteria to that of pathogenic bacteria, the species are considered to potentially show the same negative character towards the recipient, and cause a serious epidemiological threat. Therefore, the performed analyses show that classic methods of assessment of sanitary quality of water are not fully sufficient, and HTS analysis should be performed as an auxiliary tool to provide the complete image of the community in the existing network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirela Wolf-Baca
- Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Environmental Engineering, 27 Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Piekarska
- Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Environmental Engineering, 27 Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland.
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14
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Guo X, Li B, Zhao R, Zhang J, Lin L, Zhang G, Li RH, Liu J, Li P, Li Y, Li XY. Performance and bacterial community of moving bed biofilm reactors with various biocarriers treating primary wastewater effluent with a low organic strength and low C/N ratio. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 287:121424. [PMID: 31082673 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and two moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBRs) with different types of biocarriers were operated to treat the effluent of chemically enhanced primary sedimentation (CEPS). Due to the low organic strength and low carbon/nitrogen ratio of the CEPS effluent, COD and NH4+-N were effectively removed by the MBBRs but not by the SBR. Of the two MBBRs, MBBR2 filled with LEVAPOR biocarrier cubes performed even better than MBBR1 filled with K3 polystyrene biocarriers. The continuous decline of the sludge concentration in the SBR and the high and stable biomass content in MBBR2 contributed to their performances. High-throughput sequencing analysis showed that the reactors had selective effects on the bacterial community structure. Principal coordinate analysis indicated the different dynamic successions in the three reactors. Network analysis showed different community composition and diversity that were highly suggestive of different bacterial interactions among the three bioreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechao Guo
- Shenzhen Engineering Research Laboratory for Sludge and Food Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, China
| | - Bing Li
- Shenzhen Engineering Research Laboratory for Sludge and Food Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, China.
| | - Renxin Zhao
- Shenzhen Engineering Research Laboratory for Sludge and Food Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, China
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- Shenzhen Engineering Research Laboratory for Sludge and Food Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Shenzhen Engineering Research Laboratory for Sludge and Food Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, China; Shenzhen Environmental Science and New Energy Laboratory, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, China
| | - Guijuan Zhang
- Shenzhen Engineering Research Laboratory for Sludge and Food Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, China
| | - Ruo-Hong Li
- Shenzhen Engineering Research Laboratory for Sludge and Food Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, China; Shenzhen Environmental Science and New Energy Laboratory, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Shenzhen Engineering Research Laboratory for Sludge and Food Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, China
| | - Pu Li
- Environmental Engineering Research Centre, Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yingyu Li
- Environmental Engineering Research Centre, Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Li
- Shenzhen Engineering Research Laboratory for Sludge and Food Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, China; Shenzhen Environmental Science and New Energy Laboratory, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, China; Environmental Engineering Research Centre, Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
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15
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Shirzad M, Karimi M, Silva JA, Rodrigues AE. Moving Bed Reactors: Challenges and Progress of Experimental and Theoretical Studies in a Century of Research. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b01136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shirzad
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 11365-4563,
Enghelab, Tehran 11365-4563, Iran
| | - Mohsen Karimi
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering (LSRE), Associate Laboratory LSRE/LCM, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, S/N, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
- Grupo de Processos e Produtos Sustentáveis, Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - José A.C. Silva
- Grupo de Processos e Produtos Sustentáveis, Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Department of Chemical and Biological Technology, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolonia, 5300-857 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Alírio E. Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering (LSRE), Associate Laboratory LSRE/LCM, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, S/N, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
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16
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Song Z, Zhang X, Ngo HH, Guo W, Song P, Zhang Y, Wen H, Guo J. Zeolite powder based polyurethane sponges as biocarriers in moving bed biofilm reactor for improving nitrogen removal of municipal wastewater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 651:1078-1086. [PMID: 30360241 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to enhance nitrogen removal efficiency of a moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) by developing a new MBBR with zeolite powder-based polyurethane sponges as biocarriers (Z-MBBR). Results indicated the total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency and simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) performance in Z-MBBR were nearly 10% higher than those in the conventional MBBR with sponges as biocarriers (S-MBBR). About 84.2 ± 4.8% of TN was removed in Z-MBBR compared to 75.1 ± 6.8% in S-MBBR. Correspondingly, the SND performance in Z-MBBR and S-MBBR was 90.7 ± 4.1% and 81.7 ± 6.5%, respectively. The amount of biofilm attached to new biocarriers (0.470 ± 0.131 g/g carrier) was 1.3 times more than that of sponge carriers (0.355 ± 0.099 g/g carrier). Based on the microelectrode measurements and microbial community analysis, more denitrifying bacteria existed in the Z-MBBR system, and this can improve the SND performance. Consequently, this new Z-MBBR can be a promising option for a hybrid treatment system to better nitrogen removal from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Song
- Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, China and School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Australia; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Xinbo Zhang
- Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, China and School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Australia; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin 300384, China.
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, China and School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Australia; Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Wenshan Guo
- Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, China and School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Australia; Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Pengfei Song
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Yongchao Zhang
- Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, China and School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Australia; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Haitao Wen
- Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, China and School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Australia; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Jianbo Guo
- Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, China and School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Australia; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin 300384, China
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17
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Huang H, Peng C, Peng P, Lin Y, Zhang X, Ren H. Towards the biofilm characterization and regulation in biological wastewater treatment. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 103:1115-1129. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9511-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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