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Serra J, Marques-Dos-Santos C, Marinheiro J, Cruz S, Cameira MR, de Vries W, Dalgaard T, Hutchings NJ, Graversgaard M, Giannini-Kurina F, Lassaletta L, Sanz-Cobeña A, Quemada M, Aguilera E, Medinets S, Einarsson R, Garnier J. Assessing nitrate groundwater hotspots in Europe reveals an inadequate designation of Nitrate Vulnerable Zones. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 355:141830. [PMID: 38552801 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Monitoring networks show that the European Union Nitrates Directive (ND) has had mixed success in reducing nitrate concentrations in groundwater. By combining machine learning and monitored nitrate concentrations (1992-2019), we estimate the total area of nitrate hotspots in Europe to be 401,000 km2, with 47% occurring outside of Nitrate Vulnerable Zones (NVZs). We also found contrasting increasing or decreasing trends, varying per country and time periods. We estimate that only 5% of the 122,000 km2 of hotspots in 2019 will meet nitrate quality standards by 2040 and that these may be offset by the appearance of new hotspots. Our results reveal that the effectiveness of the ND is limited by both time-lags between the implementation of good practices and pollution reduction and an inadequate designation of NVZs. Substantial improvements in the designation and regulation of NVZs are necessary, as well as in the quality of monitoring stations in terms of spatial density and information available concerning sampling depth, if the objectives of EU legislation to protect groundwater are to be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Serra
- Forest Research Centre CEF, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomía, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - C Marques-Dos-Santos
- Forest Research Centre CEF, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomía, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - J Marinheiro
- Forest Research Centre CEF, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomía, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - S Cruz
- Forest Research Centre CEF, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomía, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - M R Cameira
- LEAF-Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food-Research Center, Associated Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - W de Vries
- Environmental Systems Analysis Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - T Dalgaard
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, DK-8830, Tjele, Denmark
| | - N J Hutchings
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, DK-8830, Tjele, Denmark
| | - M Graversgaard
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, DK-8830, Tjele, Denmark
| | - F Giannini-Kurina
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, DK-8830, Tjele, Denmark
| | - L Lassaletta
- CEIGRAM/ETSIAAB, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Sanz-Cobeña
- CEIGRAM/ETSIAAB, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Quemada
- CEIGRAM/ETSIAAB, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Aguilera
- CEIGRAM/ETSIAAB, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - S Medinets
- Odesa National I. I. Mechnikov University, 7 Mayakovskogo lane, 65082, Odesa, Ukraine; UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (Edinburgh), Bush Estate, EH26 0QB, Penicuik, UK
| | - R Einarsson
- Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Garnier
- SU CNRS EPHE, UMR Metis, 7619, Paris, France
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Giri DD, Jha JM, Srivastava N, Shah M, H. Almalki A, F Alkhanani M, Pal DB. Waste seeds of Mangifera indica, Artocarpus heterophyllus, and Schizizium commune as biochar for heavy metal removal from simulated wastewater. BIOMASS CONVERSION AND BIOREFINERY 2022; 13:1-10. [PMID: 35013698 PMCID: PMC8731182 DOI: 10.1007/s13399-021-02078-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The threat of arsenic contamination in water is a challenging issue worldwide. Millions of people utilize untreated groundwater having high levels of arsenic in developing countries. Design Expert 6.0.8 has been used to design experiments and carried out statistical analysis for optimization of different parameters. It is of prime importance to develop cheap environment friendly bio-sorbent for protecting health of the poor from ill effects of arsenic. In the present investigation, we prepared bio-sorbent from the solid waste seed biomass of Mangifera indica (M), Artocarpus heterophyllus (JF), and Schizizium commune (JP). The characterization of bio-sorbents has been done by using different techniques namely FTIR and XRD. Arsenic concentration was estimated using ICP and adsorption parameters optimized for pH, adsorbent dose, and initial arsenic concentration. At pH 8.4, kinetics study of arsenic removal was M (94%), JF (93%), and JP (92%) for initial concentration of 2.5 ppm. The adsorption kinetics was well explained by Freundlich model and pseudo-second reaction order. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13399-021-02078-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deen Dayal Giri
- Department of Botany, Maharaj Singh College, Saharanpur-247001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jay Mant Jha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal- 462003 Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Neha Srivastava
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005 India
| | - Maulin Shah
- Environmental Technology Limited, Ankeleshwar, Gujrat India
| | - Atiah H. Almalki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099 Taif- 21944, Saudi Arabia
- Addiction and Neuroscience Research Unit, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Al-Hawiah, Taif-21944, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Dan Bahadur Pal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi-835215 Jharkhand India
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Hashemi F, Kronvang B. Multi-functional benefits from targeted set-aside land in a Danish catchment. AMBIO 2020; 49:1808-1819. [PMID: 32918720 PMCID: PMC7502650 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-020-01375-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we explored how a targeted land use change in a Danish catchment (River Odense) may provide multi-functional benefits through nitrogen (N)-load reductions to obtain good ecological quality in Odense estuary, protection of N-vulnerable groundwater aquifers, protection of Natura2000 sites and carbon sequestration. An N-load model linked to GIS thematic layers of known protected areas (Natura2000 sites and N-vulnerable groundwater aquifers) was utilised targeting high N-load areas to locate set-aside land. The achieved multi-functional benefits within the catchment and estuary were assessed and cost-benefit assessment was performed by dividing the total welfare costs of the set-aside by the total multi-functional benefits gained from each strategy. The results show that obtaining multi-functional benefits at the lowest cost requires a targeted shift of set-aside from the traditional hot-spot N-load areas to designated protected areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Hashemi
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Brian Kronvang
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark
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Refsgaard JC, Hansen AL, Højberg AL, Olesen JE, Hashemi F, Wachniew P, Wörman A, Bartosova A, Stelljes N, Chubarenko B. Spatially differentiated regulation: Can it save the Baltic Sea from excessive N-loads? AMBIO 2019; 48:1278-1289. [PMID: 31187428 PMCID: PMC6814693 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-019-01195-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The Baltic Sea Action Plan and the EU Water Framework Directive both require substantial additional reductions of nutrient loads (N and P) to the marine environment. Focusing on nitrogen, we present a widely applicable concept for spatially differentiated regulation, exploiting the large spatial variations in the natural removal of nitrate in groundwater and surface water. By targeting mitigation measures towards areas where nature's own capacity for removal is low, spatially differentiated regulation can be more cost-effective than the traditional uniform regulation. We present a methodology for upscaling local modelling results on targeted measures at field scale to Baltic Sea drainage basin scale. The paper assesses the potential gain and discusses key challenges related to implementation of spatially differentiated regulation, including the need for more scientific knowledge, handling of uncertainties, practical constraints related to agricultural practice and introduction of co-governance regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Fatemeh Hashemi
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | | | | | - Alena Bartosova
- Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Norrköping, Sweden
| | | | - Boris Chubarenko
- Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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McDowell RW, Schallenberg M, Larned S. A strategy for optimizing catchment management actions to stressor-response relationships in freshwaters. Ecosphere 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R. W. McDowell
- AgResearch, Lincoln Science Centre; Private Bag 4749 Christchurch 8140 New Zealand
- Soil and Physical Sciences; Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences; Lincoln University; P.O. Box 84 Lincoln 7647 Christchurch New Zealand
| | - M. Schallenberg
- Department of Zoology; University of Otago; P.O. Box 56 Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
| | - S. Larned
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research; P.O. Box 8602, 10 Kyle Street Riccarton Christchurch 8011 New Zealand
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Hashemi F, Olesen JE, Børgesen CD, Tornbjerg H, Thodsen H, Dalgaard T. Potential benefits of farm scale measures versus landscape measures for reducing nitrate loads in a Danish catchment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 637-638:318-335. [PMID: 29751312 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
To comply with the EU Water Framework Directive, Denmark must further reduce the nitrate (N)-load to marine ecosystems from agricultural areas. Under the anticipated future spatially targeted regulation, the required N-load reductions will differ between catchments, and these are expected to be mitigated by a combination of land and water management measures. Here, we explored how the expected N-load reduction target of 38% for a Danish catchment (River Odense) could be achieved through a combination of farm and landscape measures. These include: (a) N-leaching reduction through changing the crop rotation and applying cover crops, (b) enhancing N-reduction through (re)establishment of wetlands, and (c) reducing N-leaching through spatially targeting of set-aside to high N-load areas. Changes in crop rotations were effective in reducing N-leaching by growing crops with a longer growing season and by allowing a higher use of cover crops. A combination of wetlands and changes in crop rotations were needed for reaching the N-load reduction target without use of set-aside. However, not all combinations of wetlands and crop rotation changes achieved the required N-load reduction, resulting in a need for targeted set-aside, implying a need for balancing measures at farm and landscape scale to maximize N load reduction while minimizing loss of productive land. The effectiveness of farm scale measures is affected by farm and soil types as well as by N-reduction in groundwater, while the possibilities for using wetlands for decreasing the N-load depends on landscape features, allowing the establishment of wetlands connected to streams and rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Hashemi
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark.
| | - Jørgen E Olesen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Christen D Børgesen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Henrik Tornbjerg
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Hans Thodsen
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Tommy Dalgaard
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
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