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Kina C. Sustainable binary/ternary blended mortars with recycled water treatment sludge using fly ash or blast slag: Characterization and environmental-economical impacts. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:15126-15152. [PMID: 38289557 PMCID: PMC10884113 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32175-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Water treatment sludge (WTS) is produced daily and disposed of as hazardous material. It would be advisable to use locally available waste products as supplementary cementitious materials that ensure to be disposed of without harming the environment. As a novelty, this research investigated the potential of using recycled WTS with fly ash (FA) and ground-granulated blast furnace slag (BFS) as ternary blended binders. Thus, it can provide an economical solution and alleviate the adverse environmental effects of excessive production of wastes and cement production. Within this scope, the mortars with 0-30 wt% replacement of cement with modified WTS (MWTS) were produced as binary blend, and also, they were combined with FA/BFS as ternary blended binders. Therefore, optimum utilization of waste products into the mortar in terms of rheological, mechanical, durability, microstructural properties, and environmental-economical aspects was examined. Adding 10% recycled WTS as binary caused higher strengths with lower porosity measured by the mercury intrusion porosimeter test and denser microstructure, as revealed by XRD patterns and SEM results. However, the drawbacks of using recycled WTS, in terms of rheological parameters and environmental-economical aspects, were suppressed by adding FA/BFS with comparable strength values. Specifically, cost, CO2 footprint, and embodied energy were reduced by combining 10% MWTS with FA by 8.87%, 37.88%, and 33.07%, respectively, while 90-day compressive and flexural strength were 5.1% and 5.32% lower. This study developed a feasible solution to use recycled MWTS by obtaining more eco-friendly and cost-effective cement-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceren Kina
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Malatya Turgut Ozal University, Malatya, Türkiye.
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Yang P, Liu L, Suo Y, Qu H, Xie G, Zhang C, Deng S, Lv Y. Investigating the synergistic effects of magnesia-coal slag based solid waste cementitious materials and its basic characteristics as a backfill material. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 880:163209. [PMID: 37001664 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Applying solid waste resources as backfill material can reduce both the cost of backfill and the environmental problems caused by solid waste landfills. In this paper, the synergistic reaction effects of solid waste modified magnesia slag (MMS), coal gasification slag (CGS), and desulfurized gypsum (DG) as magnesium-coal slag based cementitious materials (MCC) and their preliminary feasibility as mining cementitious materials in synergy with coal gangue for the preparation of backfill materials are investigated. The results show that the order of the compressive strength of the cementitious systems is ternary system > binary system > monolithic system, which proves the existence of synergistic effect among MMS, CGS, and DG and determines the optimal dosing of each raw material in the ternary system. At early ages, the physical effect of CGS and the chemical effect of DG in the ternary system can promote the hydration reaction of MMS, but the synergistic effect between the three is weak; At later ages, a synergistic effect occurred among silica-aluminate depolymerization in CGS, dissolved sulfate from DG and hydration products from MMS, which promoted the production of more hydration products calcium-silicate(aluminum)-hydrate (C-S(A)-H) and AFt, and improved the compressive strength. In addition, the strength, fluidity and leaching of the backfill material prepared by MCC in collaboration with coal gangue can meet the preliminary feasibility for mine backfill. In the present work, the full solid waste MCC is developed to completely replace cement and use it to prepare backfill materials, which is of great importance to the comprehensive utilization of bulk solid waste, the reduction of backfill costs, and the enhancement of the economic and ecological interests of mines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Yang
- Energy School, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China.
| | - Lang Liu
- Energy School, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Western Mines and Hazards Prevention, Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an 710054, China.
| | - Yonglu Suo
- Energy School, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Western Mines and Hazards Prevention, Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Huisheng Qu
- Energy School, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Geng Xie
- Energy School, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Caixin Zhang
- Energy School, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China.
| | - Shunchun Deng
- Energy School, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China.
| | - Yin Lv
- Energy School, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China.
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He ZH, Han XD, Jin JX, Li JS, Tang W, Shi JY. Recycling of water treatment sludge in concrete: The role of water-binder ratio from a nanoscale perspective. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 873:162456. [PMID: 36842600 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
For eutrophic water bodies, potassium permanganate is an effective pre-oxidant to remove algae and its residue in water treatment sludge. Recycling water treatment sludge in concrete is an environmentally friendly and high-value utilization measure. However, little research has been done on the effect of manganese-rich drinking water sludge ash (DWSA) on concrete. The effect of water-binder ratio (w/b) on strength, shrinkage and microstructural characteristics of concrete containing DWSA was investigated, and the structural behavior was explained from a nanoscale perspective. The results show that recycling 10 % DWSA in concrete improved the strength and shrinkage resistance of the samples. Reducing the w/b effectively increased the strength of DWSA-modified concrete and reduced the shrinkage deformation. The paste with high w/b had higher contents of non-evaporated water and calcium hydroxide, as well as higher reaction degree of DWSA. Nanoscale characterization shows that reducing the w/b reduced the volume fraction of pore and unhydrated phases in the matrix and increased the proportion of high-density C-S-H. Meanwhile, reducing the w/b also reduced the interfacial transition zone width of DWSA-modified concrete. Recycling DWSA in concrete effectively reduced the total carbon footprint and cost of the mixture. The combined application of reducing the w/b and incorporating DWSA effectively improved the economic and environmental benefits of concrete material. For the concrete modified with 10 % DWSA (w/b = 0.3), its cost and carbon emissions are reduced by 14 %-21 % and 19 %-25 % compared with the reference sample, respectively. Overall, this study reveals the action mechanism of DWSA in cement system at different w/b from nanoscale perspective, and gives a new insight on determining the optimal w/b in full-scale application of DWSA concrete.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hai He
- College of Civil Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China; Key Laboratory of Rock Mechanics and Geohazards of Zhejiang Province, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Xu-Dong Han
- College of Civil Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Jia-Xu Jin
- School of Civil Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin, Liaoning 123000, China
| | - Jiang-Shan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Department of Architecture and Design Art, Shaoxing Vocational and Technical College, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Jin-Yan Shi
- School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410075, China.
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Reusing Drinking Water Sludge: Physicochemical Features, Environmental Impact and Applications in Building Materials: A Mini Review. CHEMISTRY AFRICA 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s42250-023-00595-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Kaliyavaradhan SK, Ling TC, Guo MZ. Upcycling of wastes for sustainable controlled low-strength material: A review on strength and excavatability. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:16799-16816. [PMID: 34993830 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18511-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, the use of controlled low-strength material (CLSM) in densely populated cities has increased. CLSM is designed for future excavation with great fluidity, appropriate early strength, and low final strength. CLSM mixtures exhibit variable strength properties and performance due to the distinctive features of wastes (i.e., combustion residues, industry slags, and construction and other solid wastes) produced from various sources. CLSM should increase early strength quickly enough to allow traffic to resume within a few hours while maintaining a low strength for future re-excavation. It is suggested that the initial mixture design for each waste reported in the literature be changed until the combination meets the application standards defined in ACI 229R-13. The effects of adjusting other ingredients (i.e., cement, water, and admixtures) in the wastes incorporated into CLSM mixtures on the strength and re-excavatability properties are also detailed and discussed in this review. From practical and economic perspectives, the supply of materials in the waste streams, transport distance, and material properties and cost are important aspects to consider before their introduction to the construction industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthil Kumar Kaliyavaradhan
- College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
- CSIR-Structural Engineering Research Centre, Taramani, Chennai, 600113, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Tung-Chai Ling
- College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
| | - Ming-Zhi Guo
- College of Mechanics and Materials, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
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Xu X, Ni J, Xu J. Incorporating a constructed wetland system into a water pollution emissions permit system: a case study from the Chaohu watershed, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:61526-61546. [PMID: 34184222 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14418-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Water pollution emissions permit systems (WPEPS) and constructed wetland systems (CWS) are widely but independently used to balance regional economic development and ecosystem health. In this paper, a watershed scale framework that incorporates a CWS into a WPEPS is proposed for regional economic and ecosystem health sustainability. A strategy that integrates three allocation principles: per capita emissions, economic utility, and water quality contributions, is established for the initial CWS-incorporated WPEPS emissions permit allocations. To quantitatively verify the effectiveness of the CWS-incorporated WPEPS, a bi-level optimization model is formulated, in which fuzzy random variables are employed to describe the system uncertainties. The model is then applied to a practical case in the Chaohu watershed, China, to assess the effects of changing watershed management targets, from which practical insights are obtained on the initial emissions permit allocation strategies and the CWS coordination effects. It has proved that the integrated watershed management of the CWS-incorporated WPEPS is more able to rationally allocate the limited water pollution emissions permits and better balance the Chaohu watershed economic development to ensure ecological health sustainability. The CWS-incorporated WPEPS model under uncertainty can be used to guide local governments when formulating their sustainable watershed management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Xu
- Uncertainty Decision-Making Laboratory, Sichuan University, 610064, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingneng Ni
- Uncertainty Decision-Making Laboratory, Sichuan University, 610064, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, Hefei University, 230601, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiuping Xu
- Uncertainty Decision-Making Laboratory, Sichuan University, 610064, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
- State Key, Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, 610064, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
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Application of the Taguchi Method for Optimizing the Process Parameters of Producing Controlled Low-Strength Materials by Using Dimension Stone Sludge and Lightweight Aggregates. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13105576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In view of the increasing concerns over non-renewable resource depletion and waste management, this paper studied the development of low-density controlled low-strength material (CLSM) by using stone sludge and lightweight aggregates. First, the investigation was performed at a laboratory scale to assess the effects of the composition on the properties of the resulting low-density CLSM. The Taguchi method with an L9(34) orthogonal array and four controllable three-level factors (i.e., the stone sludge dosage, water to binder ratio, accelerator dosage and lightweight aggregate dosage) was adopted. Then, to optimize the selected parameters, the analysis of variance method was used to explore the effects of the experimental factors on the performance (fresh and hardened properties) of the produced low-density CLSM. The test results show that when the percentage of stone sludge usage was increased from 30% to 60%, the initial setting time approximately doubled on average. Moreover, at the age of 28 days, the compressive strength of most specimens did not exceed the upper limit of 8.83 MPa stipulated by Taiwan’s Public Construction Commission. Further, the material cost per cubic meter of the produced CLSM was about NT$ 720.9 lower than that of the ordinary CLSM, which could reduce the cost by 40.6%. These results indicate that the use of stone sludge as a raw material to produce CLSM could achieve environmental sustainability. In other words, the use of stone sludge and lightweight aggregates to produce low-density CLSM was extremely feasible.
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Liu Y, Zhuge Y, Chow CWK, Keegan A, Pham PN, Li D, Qian G, Wang L. Recycling drinking water treatment sludge into eco-concrete blocks with CO 2 curing: Durability and leachability. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 746:141182. [PMID: 32768782 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Drinking water treatment sludge (DWTS) can be recycled into low-strength concrete blocks for construction use. The sodium sulfate resistance and leaching behaviours of the DWTS-derived blocks are investigated in this study. The experimental results show that the addition of DWTS degrades the sodium sulfate resistance of the concrete blocks, however CO2 curing compensates for such property, especially in the case of blocks incorporating 30% DWTS. The improvement can be attributed to the formation of crystalline CaCO3 during CO2 curing for microstructure refinement evidenced by X-ray Computed Tomography and Scanning Electron Microscopy. Leaching analyses show that Cu and Al concentrations increased with increasing DWTS content, and CO2 curing adversely increased the leachability of metals due to the decrease of pH, especially at early leaching stage. Nevertheless, the total leaching concentrations of Cu and Al after 60-day test is far below the prescribed limitations, regardless of samples subject to air curing or CO2 curing. In summary, sludge-derived blocks exposed to CO2 curing are safe and behave well in aggressive environments. Therefore, this study showcases a green technology that successfully recycling DWTS into value-added and durable concrete blocks with low environmental impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Yan Zhuge
- STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia.
| | - Christopher W K Chow
- STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia; Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Alexandra Keegan
- South Australian Water Corporation, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Phuong Ngoc Pham
- STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia; Faculty of Bridge and Road Engineering, The University of Danang-University of Science and Technology, 54 Nguyen Luong Bang Str., Da Nang, Viet Nam
| | - Danda Li
- STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Gujie Qian
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute of Construction Materials, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
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Liu Y, Zhuge Y, Chow CWK, Keegan A, Li D, Pham PN, Huang J, Siddique R. Utilization of drinking water treatment sludge in concrete paving blocks: Microstructural analysis, durability and leaching properties. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 262:110352. [PMID: 32250823 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The management of abundant drinking water treatment sludge (DWTS) in landfill remains an important issue. The reuse of DWTS as construction material could contribute to the development of greener concrete product and to mitigating the detrimental environment effect from excessive production of DWTS. This paper investigates the potential of using DWTS as sand replacement in Concrete Paving Blocks (CPB). Five CPB mixtures were designed and the replacement ratios of sand by DWTS were 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%, by weight. Properties of CPB such as compressive strength, water absorption, abrasion resistance, sulfate attack and metal leachability were determined. The results indicated that above 10% of DWTS, the replacement was detrimental to such properties of the CPB. Microstructure analysis proved the addition of DWTS could result in ettringite formation and the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) between the cement matrix and DWTS was more porous than that of sand. In addition, the metal leachability test of CPB demonstrated that the addition of high-copper DWTS into CPB was safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- Natural and Built Environments Research Centre, School of Natural and Built Environment, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Yan Zhuge
- Natural and Built Environments Research Centre, School of Natural and Built Environment, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Christopher W K Chow
- Natural and Built Environments Research Centre, School of Natural and Built Environment, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia; Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Alexandra Keegan
- Australian Water Quality Centre, South Australian Water Corporation, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Danda Li
- Natural and Built Environments Research Centre, School of Natural and Built Environment, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Phuong Ngoc Pham
- Natural and Built Environments Research Centre, School of Natural and Built Environment, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia; Faculty of Bridge and Road Engineering, The University of Danang - University of Science and Technology, 54 Nguyen Luong Bang, Danang, Viet Nam
| | - Jianyin Huang
- Natural and Built Environments Research Centre, School of Natural and Built Environment, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia; Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Rafat Siddique
- Civil Engineering Department, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, India
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Granulation of Drinking Water Treatment Residues: Recent Advances and Prospects. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12051400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Beneficial reuse of drinking water treatment plant residues (WTRs) has been intensively studied worldwide in the last decades, but few engineering applications can be found. The majority of WTRs were directly reused in cake form (after dewatering), e.g., alum sludge cake as main substrate used in constructed wetlands (CWs), or oven dried and ground powdery form, e.g., sorbent for pollutant removal. However, WTRs reuse in such forms has several drawbacks, i.e., difficulty of recovering and easy clogging (in CWs), which result in limited WTRs engineering applications. Granulation or pelleting could widen and be a wiser WTRs reuse route and also seems to be a promising strategy to overcome the “application bottleneck” issues. In the literature, a number of trials of WTRs granulation have been reported since 2008, including sintering ceramsite, gel entrapment and newly emerged techniques. Hence, there is a need to overlook these studies and promote WTRs granulation for further development. To this end, this review firstly provides a piece of updated comprehensive information and critical analysis regarding WTRs granulation/pelleting technology. It aims to enhance WTRs granulation studies in the developing stage and thus enlarge WTRs engineering applications.
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Liu W, Zhang L, Chen F, Wang H, Wang Q, Liang K. Efficiency and mechanism of adsorption of low-concentration uranium from water by a new chitosan/aluminum sludge composite aerogel. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:3209-3221. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt04670d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A novel chitosan/aluminum sludge composite aerogel was fabricated. It's capacity was up to 434.64 mg g−1. It has good selectivity for U(vi) when multiple ions coexist. U(vi) uptake was due to surface complexation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Liu
- School of Resource & Environment and Safety Engineering
- University of South China
- Hengyang 421001
- China
| | - Lieyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences
- Beijing 100012
- China
| | - Fengming Chen
- School of Resource & Environment and Safety Engineering
- University of South China
- Hengyang 421001
- China
| | - Hongqiang Wang
- School of Resource & Environment and Safety Engineering
- University of South China
- Hengyang 421001
- China
- Hengyang Key Laboratory of Soil Pollution Control and Remediation
| | - Qingliang Wang
- School of Resource & Environment and Safety Engineering
- University of South China
- Hengyang 421001
- China
| | - Kunqian Liang
- School of Resource & Environment and Safety Engineering
- University of South China
- Hengyang 421001
- China
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