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Pajura R. Composting municipal solid waste and animal manure in response to the current fertilizer crisis - a recent review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169221. [PMID: 38101643 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The dynamic price increases of fertilizers and the generation of organic waste are currently global issues. The growth of the population has led to increased production of solid municipal waste and a higher demand for food. Food production is inherently related to agriculture and, to achieve higher yields, it is necessary to replenish the soil with essential minerals. A synergistic approach that addresses both problems is the implementation of the composting process, which aligns with the principles of a circular economy. Food waste, green waste, paper waste, cardboard waste, and animal manure are promising feedstock materials for the extraction of valuable compounds. This review discusses key factors that influence the composting process and compares them with the input materials' parameters. It also considers methods for optimizing the process, such as the use of biochar and inoculation, which result in the production of the final product in a significantly shorter time and at lower financial costs. The applications of composts produced from various materials are described along with associated risks. In addition, innovative composting technologies are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeka Pajura
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Architecture Rzeszow University of Technology, 35-959 Rzeszów, Ave Powstańców Warszawy 6, Poland.
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Xu P, Shu L, Yang Y, Kumar S, Tripathi P, Mishra S, Qiu C, Li Y, Wu Y, Yang Z. Microbial agents obtained from tomato straw composting effectively promote tomato straw compost maturation and improve compost quality. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 270:115884. [PMID: 38154152 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Appropriate management of agricultural organic waste (AOW) presents a significant obstacle in the endeavor to attain sustainable agricultural development. The proper management of AOW is a necessity for sustainable agricultural development. This can be done skillfully by incorporating microbial agents in the composting procedure. In this study, we isolated relevant bacteria strains from tomato straw AOW, which demonstrated efficient degradation of lignocellulose without any antagonistic effects in them. These strains were then combined to create a composite microbial agent called Zyco Shield (ZS). The performance of ZS was compared with a commercially effective microorganism (EM) and a control CK. The results indicate that the ZS treatment significantly prolonged the elevated temperature phase of the tomato straw pile, showing considerable degradation of lignocellulosic material. This substantial degradation did not happen in the EM and CK treatments. Moreover, there was a temperature rise of 4-6 ℃ in 2 days of thermophilic phase, which was not the case in the EM and CK treatments. Furthermore, the inoculation of ZS substantially enhanced the degradation of organic waste derived from tomato straw. This method increased the nutrient content of the resulting compost and elevated the enzymatic activity of lignocellulose-degrading enzymes, while reducing the urease enzyme activity within the pile. The concentrations of NH4+-N and NO3--N showed increases of (2.13% and 47.51%), (14.81% and 32.17%) respectively, which is again very different from the results of the EM and CK treatments. To some extent, the alterations observed in the microbial community and the abundance of functional microorganisms provide indirect evidence supporting the fact that the addition of ZS microbial agent facilitates the composting process of tomato straw. Moreover, we confirmed the degradation process of tomato straw through X-ray diffraction, Fourier infrared spectroscopy, and by scanning electron microscopy to analyze the role of ZS microbial inoculum composting. Consequently, reinoculation compost strains improves agricultural waste composting efficiency and enhances product quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- School of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Luolin Shu
- School of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yang
- School of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Colleges of Sciences and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Launceston Campus, Private Bag 51, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Priyanka Tripathi
- Colleges of Sciences and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Launceston Campus, Private Bag 51, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Sita Mishra
- Colleges of Sciences and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Launceston Campus, Private Bag 51, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Chun Qiu
- School of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yongjun Wu
- School of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhenchao Yang
- School of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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Xu P, Tripathi P, Mishra S, Shu L, Li X, Zhao S, Verma S, Verma R, Wu Y, Yang Z. Brown sugar as a carbon source can make agricultural organic waste compost enter the secondary thermophilic stage and promote compost decomposition. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:113. [PMID: 38180589 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-12292-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
To enhance the efficiency of composting agricultural organic waste (AOW), this study aimed to examine the impact of inoculating tomato straw compost with two distinct microbial agents: ZymoZone (ZZ), a composite microbial agent derived from the straw compost and Effective Microorganisms (EM), a commercial microbial agent. Furthermore, in order to reactivate the microorganisms within the compost during the initial high temperature phase, 10% brown sugar was introduced as a carbon source. The objective of this addition was to assess its influence on the composting process. The findings revealed that compared to the control (CK) group, the ZZ and EM treatments extended the first high-temperature phase by 2 and 1 day, respectively. Furthermore, with the addition of 10% brown sugar, the ZZ and EM treatments remained in the second high-temperature phase for 8 and 7 days, respectively, while the CK treatment had already entered the cooling stage by then. Notably, the inoculation of microbial agents and the addition of brown sugar substantially augmented the activity of lignocellulose-related hydrolases, thereby promoting the degradation of lignocellulose in the ZZ and EM treatment groups. This was confirmed by FTIR analysis, which demonstrated that the addition of microbial agents facilitated the degradation of specific substances, leading to reduced absorbance in the corresponding spectra. XRD analysis further indicated a notable reduction in cellulose crystallinity for both the ZZ (8.00%) and EM (7.73%) treatments. Hence, the incorporation of microbial agents and brown sugar in tomato straw compost effectively enhances the composting process and improves the quality of compost products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- School of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Priyanka Tripathi
- School of Chemistry, Awadhesh Pratap Singh University, Rewa, India, 485001
| | - Sita Mishra
- School of Botany, Awadhesh Pratap Singh University, Rewa, India, 485001
| | - Luolin Shu
- School of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xue Li
- School of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shiwen Zhao
- School of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sakshi Verma
- School of Food Technology, Amicable Knowledge Solution University, Satna, India, 485001
| | - Ranjeet Verma
- School of Agriculture Engineering, Amicable Knowledge Solution University, Satna, India, 485001
| | - Yongjun Wu
- School of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Zhenchao Yang
- School of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Mei J, Li B, Su L, Zhou X, Duan E. Effects of potassium persulfate on nitrogen loss and microbial community during cow manure and corn straw composting. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 363:127919. [PMID: 36089132 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Strong oxidants can reduce the emission of NH3 during composting. But as a commonly used oxidant, the influence of persulfate on nitrogen transformation during composting is unclear. In this study, the effects of 0.3 %-1.2 % potassium persulfate (PS) on nitrogen losses and microbial community during air-dried cow manure composting were investigated. The results showed that PS could reduce nitrogen losses compared to the control. This was because it decreased pH and the maximum NH4+-N content of treatments, which was beneficial to nitrogen retention. In addition, Pseudoxanthomonas and Chelativorans were enriched compared to the control, which might be associated with NH4+-N transformation and nitrogen fixation. Meanwhile, PS increased the abundance of thermophilic lignocellulose degrading bacteria, and 0.3 % and 0.6 % PS increased the maximum temperature and the duration of the thermophilic period. This study indicated that PS could reduce nitrogen losses in composting and greatly influence nitrogen transforming and lignocellulose degrading bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Mei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou 215009, China.
| | - Ben Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Lianghu Su
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environment and Ecology, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Enshuai Duan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
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Yu K, Sun X, Li S, Ding H, Hao D, Meng T, Fu B, Zou R, Kang Y. Promoting lignocellulose degradation during green waste composting by maintaining a specific temperature through heap size control. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2022; 43:2968-2980. [PMID: 33792507 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2021.1910865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Owing to its high lignocellulose content, the recalcitrance of green waste is a technical challenge obstructing the composting process. This study aimed to identify a temperature that could facilitate efficient lignin and cellulose degradation during green waste composting, and maintain this temperature by controlling the heap size to enhance the degradation. The optimum temperature was determined by conducting a laboratory-scale cultivation experiment under controlled temperatures, and a pilot-scale experiment was conducted to explore heap size control and its influence on green waste composting. The results showed that efficient lignin and cellulose degradation was achieved when the temperature was between 45 and 60 ℃, and maintaining this temperature for at least 150 days maximized the lignin and cellulose degradation rates. This was achieved by constraining the heap size at 0.8 m3 at the beginning of composting; 1.56, 2.60, and 4.00 m3 on days 15, 39, and 96; and then enlarging the heap as much as possible on day 156. Following this approach, the duration of the target temperature was extended by over six times, the lignin and cellulose degradation rates were increased by 18.82-21.38 % and 9.54-11.55 %, and nitrification and humification were enhanced. Correlation analysis showed that lignocellulose degradation, nitrification, and humification were positively and significantly correlated with the duration of the target temperature. Generally, heap size control is an ecological and economic method of enhancing the efficiency and quality of green waste composting and compost, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keifei Yu
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Linan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyang Sun
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Suyan Li
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Ding
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Hao
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tongyang Meng
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingyan Fu
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongsong Zou
- Research Center of Saline and Alkali Land, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Kang
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Mishra SK, Yadav K. WITHDRAWN: Assessment of the effect of particle size and selected physico-chemical and biological parameters on the efficiency and quality of composting of garden waste. Heliyon 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Ahamad Sanadi NFB, Ibrahim N, Ong PY, Klemeš JJ, Li C, Lee CT. Dilution rate of compost leachate from different biowaste for the fertigation of vegetables. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 295:113010. [PMID: 34348429 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Compost leachate (CL) is often treated as sewage. Limited studies have characterised the use of CL for agriculture application due to the variation of nutrient range, potential pollutants and need for pretreatment before use. This paper reviewed the characteristics of CL in terms of its nutrients and physical characteristics from three types of biowastes, i.e. the organic portion of municipal solid waste (OP-MSW), animal manure and green waste. The nutrient range characterised are used to develop the dilution rate of the CL as fertigation water for three types of vegetables. The dilution rate of CL developed is based on the fertigation standards set by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and Malaysia Standards. The results show that all CL contain high organic content and micronutrients, which exceeded the upper limits. For the fertigation of vegetables using the CL, based on the requirement of COD and micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni, Cd, Cr) of the vegetables, the CL from green waste required the lowest dilution rate (8-45 fold), followed by animal waste (33-65 fold) and the OP-MSW (193-1770 fold). The novel dilution range developed is vital to balance the essential nutrients in the CL while avoiding phototoxicity on plant and soil pollution. The dilution strategy developed is essential to support the conversion of CL as an organic liquid fertiliser for agricultural application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Norahim Ibrahim
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biosciences, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310, UTM, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Pei Ying Ong
- Innovation Centre in Agritechnology for Advanced Bioprocessing, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 84600, Pagoh, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Jiří Jaromír Klemeš
- Sustainable Process Integration Laboratory-SPIL, NETME Centre, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology- VUT Brno, Technická 2896/2, 616 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Chunjie Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Chew Tin Lee
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
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Ortega PFR, Galvão BRL, de Oliveira PSC, Bastos GAA, Bernardes MRF, Lavall RL, Trigueiro JPC. Thermochromism in Polydiacetylene/Poly(vinyl alcohol) Hydrogels Obtained by the Freeze–Thaw Method: A Theoretical and Experimental Study. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c01783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paulo F. R. Ortega
- Departamento de Química, Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Minas Gerais, Av. Amazonas, 5253-Nova Suíça, CEP 30421-5169 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Breno R. L. Galvão
- Departamento de Química, Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Minas Gerais, Av. Amazonas, 5253-Nova Suíça, CEP 30421-5169 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Pedro S. C. de Oliveira
- Departamento de Química/ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, CEP 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Grasielli A. A. Bastos
- Departamento de Química/ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, CEP 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Matheus R. F. Bernardes
- Departamento de Química/ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, CEP 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo L. Lavall
- Departamento de Química/ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, CEP 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - João P. C. Trigueiro
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Minas Gerais—Campus Betim, Rua Itaguaçu, 595, São Caetano, CEP 32677-562 Betim, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Effect of Microbial Inoculation on Carbon Preservation during Goat Manure Aerobic Composting. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154441. [PMID: 34361594 PMCID: PMC8348721 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon is the crucial source of energy during aerobic composting. There are few studies that explore carbon preservation by inoculation with microbial agents during goat manure composting. Hence, this study inoculated three proportions of microbial agents to investigate the preservation of carbon during goat manure composting. The microbial inoculums were composed of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Trichoderma viride, Aspergillus niger, and yeast, and the proportions were B1 treatment (1:1:1:1:2), B2 treatment (2:2:1:1:2), and B3 treatment (3:3:1:1:2). The results showed that the contents of total organic carbon were enriched by 12.21%, 4.87%, and 1.90% in B1 treatment, B2 treatment, and B3 treatment, respectively. The total organic carbon contents of B1 treatment, B2 treatment, and B3 treatment were 402.00 ± 2.65, 366.33 ± 1.53, and 378.33 ± 2.08 g/kg, respectively. B1 treatment significantly increased the content of total organic carbon compared with the other two treatments (p < 0.05). Moreover, the ratio of 1:1:1:1:2 significantly reduced the moisture content, pH value, EC value, hemicellulose, and lignin contents (p < 0.05), and significantly increased the GI value and the content of humic acid carbon (p < 0.05). Consequently, the preservation of carbon might be a result not only of the enrichment of the humic acid carbon and the decomposition of hemicellulose and lignin, but also the increased OTU amount and Lactobacillus abundance. This result provided a ratio of microbial agents to preserve the carbon during goat manure aerobic composting.
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Liu M, Tan Y, Fang K, Chen C, Tang Z, Liu X, Yu Z. Diverse molecular compositions of dissolved organic matter derived from different composts using ESI FT-ICR MS. J Environ Sci (China) 2021; 99:80-89. [PMID: 33183719 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) derived from various composts can promote significant changes of soil properties. However, little is known about the DOM compositions and their similarities and differences at the molecular level. In this study, the molecular compositions of DOM derived from kitchen waste compost (KWC), green waste compost (GWC), manure waste compost (MWC), and sewage sludge compost (SSC) were characterized by electrospray ionization coupled with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI FT-ICR MS). The molecular formulas were classified into four subcategories: CHO, CHON, CHOS, and CHONS. The KWC, MWC, and SSC DOM represented the highest fraction (35.8%-47.4%) of CHON subcategory, while the GWC DOM represented the highest fraction (68.4%) of CHO subcategory. The GWC DOM was recognized as the nitrogen- and sulfur-deficient compounds that were less saturated, more aromatic, and more oxidized compared with other samples. Further analysis of the oxygen, nitrogen-containing (N-containing), and sulfur-containing (S-containing) functional groups in the four subcategories revealed higher organic molecular complexity. Comparison of the similarities and differences of the four samples revealed 22.8% ubiquitous formulas and 17.4%, 11.1%, 10.7%, and 6.3% unique formulas of GWC, KWC, SSC, and MWC DOM, respectively, suggesting a large proportion of ubiquitous DOM as well as unique, source-specific molecular signatures. The findings presented herein provide new insight into the molecular characterization of DOM derived from various composts and demonstrated the potential role of these different compounds for agricultural utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minru Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Yunkai Tan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Kejing Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Changya Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Fine Ceramics and Powder Materials, School of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, 417000, China.
| | - Zhihua Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Guangdong Institute of Eco-environmental Science & Technology, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Zhen Yu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Guangdong Institute of Eco-environmental Science & Technology, Guangzhou 510650, China
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Yu K, Li S, Sun X, Kang Y. Maintaining the ratio of hydrosoluble carbon and hydrosoluble nitrogen within the optimal range to accelerate green waste composting. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 105:405-413. [PMID: 32126368 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The recalcitrance of green waste, caused by its high lignocellulose content, is a technical challenge for accelerating green waste composting. Adjusting the initial ratio of total carbon and total nitrogen (TC/TN) to the optimal range of 25-30:1 is a common strategy to accelerate the composting process. However, because microorganisms can only utilize hydrosoluble nutrients directly, we investigated whether maintaining the ratio of hydrosoluble carbon and hydrosoluble nitrogen (HC/HN) within the optimal range through continuous urea addition can better accelerate green waste composting. We conducted a pilot-scale composting experiment, in which the aforementioned maintaining started at the beginning of composting, or after the thermophilic phase. The results demonstrate that maintaining the optimal HC/HN ratio starting at both periods can, to some extent, direct the TC/TN ratio toward 25-30:1, and can also significantly improve heat generation, pH, lignocellulose degradation, and humification. Moreover, lignin degradation was improved by 3.15-7.33%, cellulose degradation was improved by 6.48-8.15%, and carbon content of humus was increased by 7.19-16.13%. Although the maturity assessment showed that none of the final compost reached maturity within the limited experimental period (48 days), based on the promoted lignocellulose degradation and humification, we conclude that maintaining the HC/HN ratio within the optimal range is a more efficient method to accelerate green waste composting, compared to the initial TC/TN adjustment only once.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keifei Yu
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Suyan Li
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Xiangyang Sun
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Yue Kang
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
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12
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Jain MS, Paul S, Kalamdhad AS. Recalcitrant carbon for composting of fibrous aquatic waste: Degradation kinetics, spectroscopic study and effect on physico-chemical and nutritional properties. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 251:109568. [PMID: 31539698 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biochar, a recalcitrant carbon, is known to enhance organic matter degradation and improve physical properties. The objective of the study is to examine the probable effect of biochar addition during composting of a fibrous aquatic waste, i.e., water hyacinth though degradation kinetics and spectroscopic (FTIR and PXRD) analysis. Four dosages of biochar (0, 2.5, 5, and 10% w/w) were mixed to a mixture of water hyacinth, cow-dung and saw-dust comprising a total weight of 150 kg and composted using rotary drum composter for 20 days in batch mode. The study outcomes indicated that the amendment of biochar prolonged the duration of the thermophilic temperatures, reduced salinity, and promoted nutritional quality of compost. Moreover, biochar amendment enhanced the organic matter degradation with a rate constant of 0.029 day-1 and increased the total Kjeldahl nitrogen content up to 1.75% from an initial value of 1.10% in the reactor with 2.5% biochar amendment. Concurrently, biochar amendment aided in reducing Cu and Cr in the final product inferring 2.5% biochar is best suited for composting of water hyacinth. However, future studies are encouraged to decipher the microbial shifts and bioavailability of metals due to biochar dosage during composting for mitigating and managing the menace of such fibrous waste like water hyacinth by converting it to a soil conditioner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayur Shirish Jain
- School of Construction Management, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Pune, 411045, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Siddhartha Paul
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Ajay S Kalamdhad
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
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