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Kasonga TK, Kamika I, Ngole-Jeme VM. Ligninolytic enzyme activity and removal efficiency of pharmaceuticals in a water matrix by fungus Rhizopus sp. Isolated from cassava. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2023; 44:2157-2170. [PMID: 35018877 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2021.2024885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Residual amounts of pharmaceutical compounds (PhCs) and by-products are continually released into surface water with effluents from conventional wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). This study evaluated the ability of fungal isolate to remove selected PhCs [carbamazepine (CBZ), diclofenac (DCF) and ibuprofen (IBP)] from wastewater. The fungus used was Rhizopus sp. which was isolated from tuberous roots of cassava (Manihot esculenta). The isolate exhibited an important removal efficiency up to 100% and this was linked to ligninolytic enzymatic activity for lignin peroxidase (15.29 ± 2.69U/L) and manganese peroxidase (85.22 ± 4.26U/L), except laccase. This activity was optimum on day 9 of treatment. PhC metabolites were identified during the experiment revealing the existence of a biotransformation process catalysed by the isolated fungus. The disappearance of PhCs was attributed to their biosorption and biotransformation. However, it was not possible to establish a relationship between the ligninolytic enzymatic activity and the removal efficiency, which leads to the conclusion that there are other fungal metabolites which also play an important role in the biotransformation and biodegradation of the selected PhCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teddy Kabeya Kasonga
- Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Environmental Science, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of South Africa, Roodepoort, South Africa
| | - Ilunga Kamika
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability; School of Science; College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Roodepoort, South Africa
| | - Veronica M Ngole-Jeme
- Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Environmental Science, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of South Africa, Roodepoort, South Africa
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Singh A, Srivastava A, Saidulu D, Gupta AK. Advancements of sequencing batch reactor for industrial wastewater treatment: Major focus on modifications, critical operational parameters, and future perspectives. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 317:115305. [PMID: 35642808 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Industrial wastewater discharge has increased manifolds over the last few decades. Efficient industrial wastewater treatment is mandatory to meet stringent discharge regulations. Biological treatment systems, such as the sequencing batch reactor (SBR) are generally employed for domestic wastewater treatment. However, low infrastructure and energy requirements, as well as low footprint, make SBR a prominent technique to treat industrial wastewater. In the present review, the feasibility of SBR to treat wastewater generated from industries, such as textile, pulp and paper, pharmaceutical, tannery, etc., has been discussed. The factors affecting the treatment efficacy of the SBR in terms of organics and nutrient removal have also been investigated. It has been observed that the SBR system is effective for industrial wastewater treatment as it is easy to operate, resistant to shock loads, and can retain high biomass concentrations. The modifications to the conventional SBR, such as sludge granulation, the addition of bio-film carriers, and the incorporation of adsorbents, salt-tolerant microbes, and coagulants have been discussed. Further, various novel combinations of SBR with the other advanced treatment technologies, such as Fenton, membrane-based process, and electrochemical process have shown enhanced removal of various conventional and recalcitrant pollutants. The current review also accentuates the sustainability aspects of SBR technology to treat industrial wastewater which may be beneficial for researchers and engineers working in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adarsh Singh
- Environmental Engineering Division, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Ashish Srivastava
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Duduku Saidulu
- Environmental Engineering Division, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Gupta
- Environmental Engineering Division, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
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Kasonga TK, Coetzee MAA, Kamika I, Momba MNB. Assessing a co-culture fungal granule ability to remove pharmaceuticals in a sequencing batch reactor. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2022; 43:1684-1699. [PMID: 33151811 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2020.1847204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradation of carbamazepine (CBZ), diclofenac sodium (DCF) and ibuprofen (IBP) was evaluated through fungal granules development in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). Fungal granules were developed in co-culture of T. polyzona, A. niger, T. longibrachiatum, M. circinelloides and R. microsporus at a retention time (RT) of 2 days and 1 day. Ligninolytic enzymes [laccase (Lac), lignin peroxidase (LiP) and manganese peroxidase (MnP)] were determined. Removal of pharmaceuticals was assessed and metabolites identified using the SPE-UPLC-QToF/MS methods. A pH range of 3-4.6 was found to improve the granulation development from day 6 and the production of ligninolytic enzymes [MnP (253.00 ± 14.19 U/L), Lac (111.58 ± 10.00 U/L) and LiP (95.25 ± 8.22 U/L)]. At steady-state, a removal of 97.41±0.25%, 99.83±0.14%, and 99.91±0.08 were achieved at an RT of 2 days for CBZ, DCF, and IBP, respectively, and of 91.94±0.05%, 99.31±0.12% and 97.72±0.23% at an RT of 1 days for the same PhCs. A variety of chemical reactions have been proposed for degradation pathways catalysed by enzyme-producing fungi, generating fragment ions of intermediate compounds. This study is highly relevant for cost-effective and environmentally friendly wastewater treatment processes in water scare countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teddy Kabeya Kasonga
- Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Martie A A Coetzee
- Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Ilunga Kamika
- Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability Research Unit; School of Science; College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Roodepoort, South Africa
| | - Maggy Ndombo Benteke Momba
- Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
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Kasonga TK, Coetzee MAA, Kamika I, Momba MNB. Assessing the Fungal Simultaneous Removal Efficiency of Carbamazepine, Diclofenac and Ibuprofen in Aquatic Environment. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:755972. [PMID: 34966363 PMCID: PMC8710540 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.755972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Unused pharmaceutical compounds (PhCs) discharged into the aquatic environment have been regarded as emerging pollutants due to potential harmful effects on humans and the environment. Microbial bioremediation is considered as a viable option for their removal from wastewater. The aim of this study was to assess the simultaneous removal of carbamazepine (CBZ), diclofenac (DCF) and ibuprofen (IBP) by previously isolated fungi (Aspergillus niger, Mucor circinelloides, Trichoderma longibrachiatum, Trametes polyzona, and Rhizopus microsporus). The tolerance to PhCs was conducted by tracking the fungal mycelium mat diameters in solid media and its dry biomass in liquid media, at the drug concentration range of 0.1 to 15 mg/L. The fungal enzymatic activities were determined for lignin peroxidase (LiP), manganese peroxidase (MnP) and laccase (Lac), respectively. The PhC removal efficiency of the fungi was assessed in aerated batch flasks and the drug concentrations and intermediate compounds formation were determined by using SPE-UPLC/MS. A tolerance over 70% was recorded for all the fungi at drug concentration of 0.1 mg/L. Manganese peroxidase was produced by all the fungi with very low amount of LiP, while all the enzymes were produced by T. polyzona. The pH of 4.3, temperature 37 ± 1.5°C and incubation time of 6 days were the optimum parameters for the fungal enzymatic activities. The best removal of CBZ (87%) was achieved by R. microsporus after 10 days. Between 78 and 100% removal of DCF was observed by all the fungi after 24 h, while 98% of IBP was removed after 2 days by M. circinelloides. Only a few intermediate compounds were identified after 3 days and disappeared after 10 days of incubation. This study demonstrated that apart from the basidiomycetes, the ascomycetes and zygomycetes are also producers of ligninolytic enzymes and have the ability to biodegrade emerging pollutants such as PhCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teddy K. Kasonga
- Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Martie A. A. Coetzee
- Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Ilunga Kamika
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Roodepoort, South Africa
| | - Maggy N. B. Momba
- Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
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Endocrine-Disrupting Compounds: An Overview on Their Occurrence in the Aquatic Environment and Human Exposure. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13101347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) as emerging contaminants have accumulated in the aquatic environment at concentration levels that have been determined to be significant to humans and animals. Several compounds belong to this family, from natural substances (hormones such as estrone, 17-estradiol, and estriol) to synthetic chemicals, especially pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and plastic-derived compounds (phthalates, bisphenol A). In this review, we discuss recent works regarding EDC occurrence in the aquatic compartment, strengths and limitations of current analytical methods used for their detection, treatment technologies for their removal from water, and the health issues that they can trigger in humans. Nowadays, many EDCs have been identified in significant amounts in different water matrices including drinking water, thus increasing the possibility of entering the food chain. Several studies correlate human exposure to high concentrations of EDCs with serious effects such as infertility, thyroid dysfunction, early puberty, endometriosis, diabetes, and obesity. Although our intention is not to explain all disorders related to EDCs exposure, this review aims to guide future research towards a deeper knowledge of EDCs’ contamination and accumulation in water, highlighting their toxicity and exposure risks to humans.
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Cardoso-Vera JD, Elizalde-Velázquez GA, Islas-Flores H, Mejía-García A, Ortega-Olvera JM, Gómez-Oliván LM. A review of antiepileptic drugs: Part 1 occurrence, fate in aquatic environments and removal during different treatment technologies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 768:145487. [PMID: 33736324 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are the main treatment for people with epilepsy. However, in recent years, more and more people are using them for other indications such as: migraine, chronic neuropathic pain, and mood disorders. Consequently, the prescriptions and consumption of these drugs are increasing worldwide. In WWTPs, AEDs can resist degradation processes, such as photodegradation, chemical degradation and/or biodegradation. Until now, only constructed wetlands and photocatalysis have shown good removal rates of AEDs from wastewater. However, their effectiveness depends on the specific conditions used during the treatment. Since the consumption of AEDs has increased in the last decade and their degradation in WWTPs is poor, these drugs have been largely introduced into the environment through the discharge of municipal and/or hospital effluents. Once in the environment, AEDs are distributed in the water phase, as suspended particles or in the sediments, suggesting that these drugs have a high potential for groundwater contamination. In this first part of the AEDs review is designed to fill out the current knowledge gap about the occurrence, fate and removal of these drugs in the aquatic environment. This is a review that emphasizes the characteristics of AEDs as emerging contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Daniel Cardoso-Vera
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n, Col. Residencial Colón, 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Axel Elizalde-Velázquez
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n, Col. Residencial Colón, 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Hariz Islas-Flores
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n, Col. Residencial Colón, 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Mejía-García
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n, Col. Residencial Colón, 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - José Mario Ortega-Olvera
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n, Col. Residencial Colón, 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Leobardo Manuel Gómez-Oliván
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n, Col. Residencial Colón, 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico.
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Kasonga TK, Coetzee MAA, Kamika I, Ngole-Jeme VM, Benteke Momba MN. Endocrine-disruptive chemicals as contaminants of emerging concern in wastewater and surface water: A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 277:111485. [PMID: 33049614 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Population growth followed by rapid development of industrialisation has caused serious environmental pollution with contaminants of emerging concern found in wastewater and surface water. As one of the most important resources for human survival, water is daily polluted by endocrine-disruptive chemicals (EDCs) including pharmaceuticals and personal care products, organic pollutants and heavy metals. Even at low concentrations in water bodies, chronic exposure to EDCs can cause adverse effects on human and environment health. The main concern with EDCs is the diseases they can generate in humans or wildlife by affecting the function of hormones in the body. Problems in the reproductive system, thyroid problems, Alzheimer's, cancer and obesity are some of the major effects of EDCs in humans. In wildlife, the reproductive system may be affected, including its levels of hatchability and vitellogenin. The efforts of the present review are on emphasising on the environmental concern on the occurrence and risk assessment of EDCs, their harmful effects in the ecosystem, human life, and wildlife, as a result of their incomplete removal from wastewater treatment plants. The review focuses on studies conducted in South Africa highlights the use of fungal bioreactors as a low-cost and eco-effective environmentally friendly wastewater treatment processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teddy Kabeya Kasonga
- Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Environmental Science, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Florida Campus, University of South Africa, Florida, Roodepoort, 1710, South Africa.
| | - Martie A A Coetzee
- Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, P/B X 680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Ilunga Kamika
- Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability Research Unit; School of Science; College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Florida Campus, University of South Africa, P.O Box 392, Florida, Roodepoort, 1710, South Africa
| | - Veronica M Ngole-Jeme
- Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Environmental Science, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Florida Campus, University of South Africa, Florida, Roodepoort, 1710, South Africa
| | - Maggy Ndombo Benteke Momba
- Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, P/B X 680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
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Kasonga TK, Coetzee MA, Kamika I, Momba MNB. Data on the degradation of pharmaceuticals and their metabolites by a fungal consortium in a non-sterile stirred fluidized bioreactor. Data Brief 2020; 28:105057. [PMID: 31956670 PMCID: PMC6957873 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2019.105057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmaceutical compounds (PhCs) are widely prevalent environmental contaminants, with recalcitrant behaviour to conventional biodegradation processes and harmful effects to the ecosystem and human health. Hence, developing an eco-friendly cost-effective process exploring the microbial agents appeared to be promising for the treatment of PhC contaminated effluents. A consortium of the previously isolated and identified South African indigenous fungal strains, namely Aspergillus niger, Mucor circinelloides, Trichoderma longibrachiatum, Trametes polyzona and Rhizopus microspores was used in a non-sterile stirred fluidized bioreactor (NSFB) to perform the simultaneous biodegradation of selected PhCs. The degradation of the PhCs, namely carbamazepine (CBZ), diclofenac (DCF) and ibuprofen (IBP) as well as their transformation metabolite compounds was carried out using the SPE-UPLC/MS. Here are presented data with regard to the NSFB design, the effect of the concentration of carbon source on the growth of a fungal consortium in the NSFB, the fungal mycelial morphology, and the assessment of the physicochemical parameters. The data displayed the stoichiometric reactions of the transformation fragments and their mass spectrum. For better understanding of the data presented in the present paper, please refer to the original paper "Degradation of pharmaceuticals and their metabolites in non-sterile stirred fluidized bioreactor driven by a fungal consortium" [1].
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Affiliation(s)
- Teddy Kabeya Kasonga
- Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, P/B X 680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Martie A.A. Coetzee
- Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, P/B X 680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Ilunga Kamika
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of South Africa, South Africa
| | - Maggy Ndombo Benteke Momba
- Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, P/B X 680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
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Data on UPLC/MS method validation for the biodegradation of pharmaceuticals and intermediates by a fungal consortium and on T47DK-Bluc reporter gene assay to assess the reduction of their estrogenic activity. Data Brief 2019; 25:104336. [PMID: 31453302 PMCID: PMC6702386 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2019.104336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In term of pharmaceutical and their intermediate compounds analysis, UPLC/MS method is a valuable equipment to achieve better confirmation on their biodegradation by fungi. The T47D-KBluc reporter gene assay is an appropriate tool to investigate to removal of estrogenic and antiestrogenic activities of pharmaceuticals and their metabolites from a synthetic wastewater. A consortium of isolated South African indigenous fungi Aspergillus niger, Mucor circinelloides, Trichoderma longibrachiatum, Trametes polyzona and Rhizopus microspores was found to perform a removal of pharmaceuticals and their metabolites and to reduce their estrogenic activity below the limit of detection in a sequencing batch reactor. Here are presented data regarding the phenolic compounds list and the method validation for UPLC/MS analysis used for selected pharmaceutical compounds namely carbamazepine, diclofenac, ibuprofen and their metabolites, as well as the T47D-KBluc bioassay using as positive control, the agonist E2 for estrogenic activity and the antagonist ICI 182,780 for antiestrogenic activity. For better understanding of the data presented in this paper, please see the research paper “Removal of pharmaceutical’ estrogenic activity of sequencing batch reactor effluents assessed in the T47DK-Bluc reporter gene assay” [1].
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