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McGinley J, Healy MG, Ryan PC, O'Driscoll H, Mellander PE, Morrison L, Siggins A. Impact of historical legacy pesticides on achieving legislative goals in Europe. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 873:162312. [PMID: 36805066 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are widely used in agriculture to optimise food production. However, the movement of pesticides into water bodies negatively impacts aquatic environments. The European Union (EU) aims to make food systems fair, healthy and environmentally friendly through its current Farm to Fork strategy. As part of this strategy, the EU plans to reduce the overall use and risk of chemical pesticides by 50 % by 2030. The attainment of this target may be compromised by the prevalence of legacy pesticides arising from historical applications to land, which can persist in the environment for several decades. The current EU Farm to Fork policy overlooks the potential challenges of legacy pesticides and requirements for their remediation. In this review, the current knowledge regarding pesticide use in Europe, as well as pathways of pesticide movement to waterways, are investigated. The issues of legacy pesticides, including exceedances, are examined, and existing and emerging methods of pesticide remediation, particularly of legacy pesticides, are discussed. The fact that some legacy pesticides can be detected in water samples, more than twenty-five years after they were prohibited, highlights the need for improved EU strategies and policies aimed at targeting legacy pesticides in order to meet future targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- J McGinley
- Civil Engineering, University of Galway, Ireland; Ryan Institute, University of Galway, Ireland
| | - M G Healy
- Civil Engineering, University of Galway, Ireland; Ryan Institute, University of Galway, Ireland
| | - P C Ryan
- Discipline of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, University College Cork, Ireland; Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Harmon O'Driscoll
- Discipline of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - P-E Mellander
- Agricultural Catchments Programme, Teagasc Environmental Research Centre, Johnstown Castle, Co. Wexford, Ireland
| | - L Morrison
- Ryan Institute, University of Galway, Ireland; Earth and Ocean Sciences, Earth and Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Galway, Ireland
| | - A Siggins
- Ryan Institute, University of Galway, Ireland; School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, Ireland.
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Matosinhos RD, Cesca K, Carciofi BAM, de Oliveira D, de Andrade CJ. Mannosylerythritol lipids as green pesticides and plant biostimulants. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:37-47. [PMID: 35775374 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Biosurfactants can be applied in the formulation of personal care products, as food additives, and as biocontrol agents in the agricultural sector. Glycolipids and lipopeptides represent an important group of microbial-based biosurfactants with biostimulating properties. Among them, the mannosylerythritol lipids also presented antimicrobial activity, mostly against Gram-positive bacteria and phytopathogenic fungi. In this sense, mannosylerythritol lipids are a potential safer green alternative for partially replacing synthetic pesticides. This review aimed to critically discuss the current state of the art and future trends of mannosylerythritol lipids as green pesticides and biostimulants for seed germination and plant growth. Due to their chemical structure, mannosylerythritol lipids are likely related to energy pathways such as glycolysis and Krebs cycle, i.e. a direct cellular biostimulant potential. In this case, experimental evidence from other glycolipids indicated that structural and chemical changes as a potential drug vehicle due to morphological changes caused by biosurfactant-membrane interaction. In addition, like other biosurfactants, mannosylerythritol lipids can trigger self-defense mechanisms, leading to a lower frequency of phytopathogen infections. Therefore, mannosylerythritol lipids have the potential for biostimulation and antiphytopathogenic action, despite that to date no data are available on mannosylerythritol lipids as biostimulants and green pesticides simultaneously. Based on the current state of the art, mannosylerythritol lipids have great potential for a biotechnological advance toward more sustainable agriculture. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Dias Matosinhos
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Karina Cesca
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | - Débora de Oliveira
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Cristiano José de Andrade
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
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Marson EO, Paniagua CES, Gomes Júnior O, Gonçalves BR, Silva VM, Ricardo IA, V M Starling MC, Amorim CC, Trovó AG. A review toward contaminants of emerging concern in Brazil: Occurrence, impact and their degradation by advanced oxidation process in aquatic matrices. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 836:155605. [PMID: 35504382 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This work presents data regarding the occurrence and treatment of Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CECs) in Brazil in the past decade. The literature review (2011-2021) revealed the detection of 87 pharmaceutical drugs and personal care products, 58 pesticides, 8 hormones, 2 illicit drugs, caffeine and bisphenol A in distinct matrices (i.e.: wastewater, groundwater, sea water, rainwater, surface water, drinking water and hospital effluent). Concentrations of CECs varied from ng-μg L-1 depending on the location, compound and matrix. The inefficiency of conventional wastewater treatment methods on the removal of CECs and lack of basic sanitation in some regions in the country aggravates contamination of Brazilian aquatic environments and poses potential environmental and health risks. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are pointed out as viable and efficient alternatives to degrade CECs and prevent environmental contamination. A total of 375 studies involving the use of AOPs in Brazilian aqueous matrices were published in the last decade. Fenton and photo-Fenton processes, photo-peroxidation, ozonation, electrochemical advanced oxidation and heterogeneous photocatalysis are some of the AOPs applied by Brazilian research groups. Although many works discuss the importance of applying these technologies for CECs removal in real treatment plants, most of these studies assess the treatment of distilled water or simulated effluent. Therefore, the conduction of studies applying AOPs in real matrices are critical to drive the implementation of these processes coupled to conventional water and wastewater treatment in real plants in order to prevent the contamination of environmental matrices by CECs in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo O Marson
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Instituto de Química, 38400-902 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Cleiseano E S Paniagua
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Instituto de Química, 38400-902 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Oswaldo Gomes Júnior
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Instituto de Química, 38400-902 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Bárbara R Gonçalves
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Instituto de Química, 38400-902 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Valdislaine M Silva
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Instituto de Química, 38400-902 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Ivo A Ricardo
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Instituto de Química, 38400-902 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil; Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences, Save University, 0301-01 Chongoene, Gaza, Mozambique
| | - Maria Clara V M Starling
- Research Group on Advanced Oxitation Processes, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental, 31270-010 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Camila C Amorim
- Research Group on Advanced Oxitation Processes, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental, 31270-010 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Alam G Trovó
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Instituto de Química, 38400-902 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
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Zhang YW, McCarl BA, Cao Z, Li Q, Yang S, Liu H. Operating pesticide use reduction within the boundary of food security in peri-urban settings. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 2:635-647. [PMID: 38934006 PMCID: PMC11197716 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pesticide use in peri-urban areas affects the urban environment and public health, and reducing the use may present food security issues for urban dwellers. In this study, we explore how a municipality-adopted goal of a 20% reduction in pesticide use could be achieved, along with local food security and environmental implications, for Shanghai located in the densely populated East China. A regional Shanghai Agricultural Sector Model incorporating district- and technology-varying crop budgets, was developed to simulate the effects of pesticide reduction policy. Here we find that achieving the reduction goal had the largest implications in districts with high pesticide use totals and intensities, potentially reducing pesticide non-point source pollution in the Yangtze River Estuary and Dianshan Lake; the production levels of rice and leafy vegetables would be most affected; and adopting machinery that allows more precise pesticide application modulates these results. Moreover, imposing the requirements at the district-level caused more severe local food security concerns, and less environmental benefits. Furthermore, a closed Shanghai's agricultural economy would substantially enlarge the regional heterogeneity in the above-mentioned outcomes. Exploring the effects of a quantity control policy on current-use pesticides at different aggregation levels has important implications for regulating the use of agrochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuquan W. Zhang
- China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 3 Yinlian Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Bruce A. McCarl
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Texas A&M University, 2124 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Zhengwei Cao
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qiang Li
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shaohua Yang
- China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 3 Yinlian Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Huiwen Liu
- China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 3 Yinlian Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201306, China
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Li Z, Fantke P. Toward harmonizing global pesticide regulations for surface freshwaters in support of protecting human health. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 301:113909. [PMID: 34624580 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To promote international collaboration on environmental pollution management and human health protection, we conducted a global-level study on the management of pesticides for surface freshwater quality. Prior to actions being taken in terms of water treatment or remediation, it is essential that clear and definite regulations be disseminated. In our study, 3094 surface freshwater quality standards for 184 different pesticides were recorded from 53 countries and categorized according to pesticide types and standard types, as well as diverse use of freshwater by humans, and compared water quality standards related to human health. Our results indicate large variations in pesticide regulations, standard types (i.e., long- or short-term water quality standards), and related numerical values. With regard to the protection of human health, the 10 most frequently regulated pesticides account for approximately 47% of the total number of standards across 184 considered pesticides. The average occurrence-weighted variations of standard values (i.e., numerical values provided in a standard in terms of residue limits of a given pesticide in water) for the 20 most regulated persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and other phase-out pesticides (i.e., pesticides not currently-approved for use in agriculture across various countries) are 4.1 and 2.6 orders of magnitude, respectively, with human-exposure related standard values for some pesticides varying with over 3 orders of magnitude (e.g., lindane). In addition, variations in water quality standard values occurred across standard types (e.g., maximum and average), water use types (e.g., unspecified waters and human consumption), and standard values (e.g., pesticide individuals and groups). We conclude that regulatory inconsistencies emphasize the need for international collaboration on domestic water treatment, environmental management as well as specific water quality standards for the wider range of current-use pesticides, thereby improving global harmonization in support of protecting human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China.
| | - Peter Fantke
- Quantitative Sustainability Assessment, Department of Technology, Management and Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
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Gilbert EPK, Edwin L. A Review on Prediction Models for Pesticide Use, Transmission, and Its Impacts. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 257:37-68. [PMID: 33932184 DOI: 10.1007/398_2020_64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The lure of increased productivity and crop yield has caused the imprudent use of pesticides in great quantity that has unfavorably affected environmental health. Pesticides are chemicals intended for avoiding, eliminating, and mitigating any pests that affect the crop. Lack of awareness, improper management, and negligent disposal of pesticide containers have led to the permeation of pesticide residues into the food chain and other environmental pathways, leading to environmental degradation. Sufficient steps must be undertaken at various levels to monitor and ensure judicious use of pesticides. Development of prediction models for optimum use of pesticides, pesticide management, and their impact would be of great help in monitoring and controlling the ill effects of excessive use of pesticides. This paper aims to present an exhaustive review of the prediction models developed and modeling strategies used to optimize the use of pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Prem Kumar Gilbert
- Department of Information Technology, Sri Krishna College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Lydia Edwin
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Sri Krishna College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Khan MA, Costa FB, Fenton O, Jordan P, Fennell C, Mellander PE. Using a multi-dimensional approach for catchment scale herbicide pollution assessments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 747:141232. [PMID: 32771787 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide herbicide use in agriculture, whilst safeguarding yields also presents water quality issues. Controlling factors in agricultural catchments include both static and dynamic parameters. The present study investigated the occurrence of herbicides in streams and groundwater in two meso-scale catchments with contrasting flow controls and agricultural landuse (grassland and arable land). Using a multi-dimensional approach, streams were monitored from November 2018 to November 2019 using Chemcatcher® passive sampling devices and groundwater was sampled in 95 private drinking water wells. The concentrations of herbicides were larger in the stream of the Grassland catchment (8.9-472.6 ng L-1) dominated by poorly drained soils than in the Arable catchment (0.9-169.1 ng L-1) dominated by well-drained soils. Incidental losses of herbicides during time of application and low flows in summer caused concentrations of MCPA, Fluroxypyr, Trichlorpyr, Clopyralid and Mecoprop to exceeded the European Union (EU) drinking water standard due to a lack of dilution. Herbicides were present in the stream throughout the year and the total mass load was higher in winter flows, suggesting a persistence of primary chemical residues in soil and sub-surface environments and restricted degradation. Losses of herbicides to the streams were source limited and influenced by hydrological conditions. Herbicides were detected in 38% of surveyed drinking water wells. While most areas had concentrations below the EU drinking water standard some areas with well-drained soils in the Grassland catchment, had concentrations exceeding recommendations. Individual wells had concentrations of Clopyralid (619 ng L-1) and Trichlorpyr (650 ng L-1). Despite the study areas not usually associated with herbicide pollution, and annual mass loads being comparatively low, many herbicides were present in both surface and groundwater, sometimes above the recommendations for drinking water. This whole catchment assessment provides a basis to develop collaborative measures to mitigate pollution of water by herbicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Ali Khan
- Crops, Environment and Land Use Programme, Teagasc, Johnstown Castle Environment Research Centre, Wexford, Co. Wexford, Ireland
| | - Fabiola Barros Costa
- Crops, Environment and Land Use Programme, Teagasc, Johnstown Castle Environment Research Centre, Wexford, Co. Wexford, Ireland
| | - Owen Fenton
- Crops, Environment and Land Use Programme, Teagasc, Johnstown Castle Environment Research Centre, Wexford, Co. Wexford, Ireland
| | - Phil Jordan
- School of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | - Chris Fennell
- Crops, Environment and Land Use Programme, Teagasc, Johnstown Castle Environment Research Centre, Wexford, Co. Wexford, Ireland
| | - Per-Erik Mellander
- Crops, Environment and Land Use Programme, Teagasc, Johnstown Castle Environment Research Centre, Wexford, Co. Wexford, Ireland; Agricultural Catchments Programme, Teagasc, Johnstown Castle Environment Research Centre, Wexford, Co. Wexford, Ireland.
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