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Gross M, Pearson J, Arbieu U, Riechers M, Thomsen S, Martín-López B. Tourists' valuation of nature in protected areas: A systematic review. AMBIO 2023; 52:1065-1084. [PMID: 37071324 PMCID: PMC10160295 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-023-01845-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In the face of biodiversity loss, it is crucial to broaden the arguments for conservation of protected areas by acknowledging diverse values of nature. We systematically reviewed empirical studies to investigate tourists' values of nature in protected areas over time and across regions. To do so, we explored (1) the main ecological and social characteristics of the case studies; (2) methodological approaches; and (3) value types. Based on the review of 152 articles, we found that economic valuation has received the most scientific attention, while socio-cultural valuation approaches have recently increased. Values were primarily elicited and analyzed quantitatively and in monetary metrics, although valuation methods and frameworks have diversified over the past two decades. However, considering the role of valuation methods and frameworks as value-articulating institutions, we suggest that future research on nature valuation also applies qualitative and non-monetary methods, elicits diverse values, and conducts plural valuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Gross
- Social-Ecological Systems Institute, Faculty of Sustainability Science, Leuphana University, Lüneburg, Universitätsallee 1, 21335 Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Jasmine Pearson
- Social-Ecological Systems Institute, Faculty of Sustainability Science, Leuphana University, Lüneburg, Universitätsallee 1, 21335 Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Ugo Arbieu
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt am Main, Georg-Voigt-Straße 14, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, 1500 Remount Road, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie Systématique et Evolution, IDEEV, Université Paris-Saclay, Bât. 680 – 12, Route 128, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Maraja Riechers
- Social-Ecological Systems Institute, Faculty of Sustainability Science, Leuphana University, Lüneburg, Universitätsallee 1, 21335 Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Simon Thomsen
- Institute of Ecology, Faculty of Sustainability Science, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Universitätsallee 1, 21335 Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Berta Martín-López
- Social-Ecological Systems Institute, Faculty of Sustainability Science, Leuphana University, Lüneburg, Universitätsallee 1, 21335 Lüneburg, Germany
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Kurokawa H, Igei K, Kitsuki A, Kurita K, Managi S, Nakamuro M, Sakano A. Improvement impact of nudges incorporated in environmental education on students' environmental knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 325:116612. [PMID: 36323122 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study conducted randomized controlled trials to evaluate the effectiveness of an environmental education class and the impacts of nudges and boosts implemented in this program on high school students' basic knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding environmental issues in Japan. This environmental education class consisted of a lecture on reducing the use of plastic products for energy conservation in daily life, a board game for learning how to reduce plastic waste, and a worksheet for reflection. Four types of worksheets were randomly distributed: nudges, in which students were asked to set a goal regarding their level of effort in not throwing away plastic products such as plastic bags, wet wipes, and plastic bottles; boosts, in which participants were asked to write an essay to help increase their empathy for the parties impacted by environmental issues; both nudges and boosts; and none (neither nudges nor boosts). After environmental education, an end-line survey was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of this class. This study found that the environmental education class significantly improved students' basic environmental knowledge and promoted their concerns about plastic waste. Although there was no evidence that nudges and boosts amplify the effects of the environmental education class on the students' knowledge, nudges were successful in making them more concerned about plastic waste. The results showed that students who received nudges or boosts were more likely to refuse free wet wipes offered at convenience stores but were not more likely to refuse plastic bottles. These results also indicated that interventions through environmental education can change students' pro-environmental behaviors only if the cost of behavioral change is low. The environmental education class not only increased students' environmental knowledge and attitudes, but the use of worksheets in administering nudges and boosts ensured the effectiveness of environmental education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Kurokawa
- School of Economics and Management, University of Hyogo, 8-2-1 Gakuen-nishi-machi, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 651-2197, Japan.
| | - Kengo Igei
- Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, 5322 Endo, Fujisawa-shi, Kanagawa, 252-0882, Japan
| | - Akinori Kitsuki
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kurita
- Faculty of Social and Cultural Studies, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Managi
- Urban Institute, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Makiko Nakamuro
- Faculty of Policy Management, Keio University, 5322 Endo, Fujisawa-shi, Kanagawa, 252-0882, Japan
| | - Akira Sakano
- Zero Waste Japan, 5-18-20 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0022, Japan
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Hernández-Urcera J, Murillo FJ, Regueira M, Cabanellas-Reboredo M, Planas M. Preferential habitats prediction in syngnathids using species distribution models. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 172:105488. [PMID: 34628145 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Syngnathids are considered as flagship species for marine conservation. Seahorses and pipefish are highly vulnerable to anthropogenic and environmental disturbances, but most species are currently considered Data Deficient by IUCN, requiring more biological and ecological research. Although syngnathids are well known for their unusual breeding biology, some aspects on the ecology of this family have rarely received attention. The knowledge on the factors governing syngnathids distribution is limited to some species and geographical regions. The present study is the first approach to predict syngnathid habitat preference in Spanish coasts, particularly in a marine National Park. In this study, Species Distribution Models (SDMs) were implemented to investigate the preferential habitat and distribution of the pipefish Syngnathus acus in Cíes Archipelago (Atlantic Islands of Galicia National Park, PNIA). Occurrence data of the species obtained from 2016 to 2018 surveys in PNIA were modeled as a function of bathymetric (depth, slope), substrate (sediment texture) and oceanographic (waves exposure) variables, using GAM, Random Forest and Maxent algorithms. From those SDMs, prediction models were built and the ensemble map of predictions was performed. The variables that most determined the distribution of the species were depth and wave exposure. The results of this study provide information on (1) habitat preference in the most dominant species in PNIA, the pipefish S. acus, towards sustainable management of this species in the National Park, and (2) predictive statistical tools for proper spatial conservation plans of this syngnathid species.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hernández-Urcera
- Department of Ecology and Marine Resources, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208, Vigo, Spain; Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, B2Y 4A2, Canada.
| | - F J Murillo
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, B2Y 4A2, Canada
| | - M Regueira
- Department of Ecology and Marine Resources, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208, Vigo, Spain
| | - M Cabanellas-Reboredo
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares, Muelle de Poniente s/n, 07015, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - M Planas
- Department of Ecology and Marine Resources, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208, Vigo, Spain
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Planas M, Piñeiro-Corbeira C, Bouza C, Castejón-Silvo I, Vera M, Regueira M, Ochoa V, Bárbara I, Terrados J, Chamorro A, Barreiro R, Hernández-Urcera J, Alejo I, Nombela M, García ME, Pardo BG, Peña V, Díaz-Tapia P, Cremades J, Morales-Nin B. A multidisciplinary approach to identify priority areas for the monitoring of a vulnerable family of fishes in Spanish Marine National Parks. BMC Ecol Evol 2021; 21:4. [PMID: 33514312 PMCID: PMC7853308 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-020-01743-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Syngnathid fishes (Actinopterygii, Syngnathidae) are flagship species strongly associated with seaweed and seagrass habitats. Seahorses and pipefishes are highly vulnerable to anthropogenic and environmental disturbances, but most species are currently Data Deficient according to the IUCN (2019), requiring more biological and ecological research. This study provides the first insights into syngnathid populations in the two marine Spanish National Parks (PNIA—Atlantic- and PNAC—Mediterranean). Fishes were collected periodically, marked, morphologically identified, analysed for size, weight, sex and sexual maturity, and sampled for stable isotope and genetic identification. Due the scarcity of previous information, habitat characteristics were also assessed in PNIA. Results Syngnathid diversity and abundance were low, with two species identified in PNIA (Hippocampus guttulatus and Syngnathus acus) and four in PNAC (S. abaster, S. acus, S. typhle and Nerophis maculatus). Syngnathids from both National Parks (NP) differed isotopically, with much lower δ15N in PNAC than in PNIA. The dominant species were S. abaster in PNAC and S. acus in PNIA. Syngnathids preferred less exposed sites in macroalgal assemblages in PNIA and Cymodocea meadows in PNAC. The occurrence of very large specimens, the absence of small-medium sizes and the isotopic comparison with a nearby population suggest that the population of Syngnathus acus (the dominant syngnathid in PNIA) mainly comprised breeders that migrate seasonally. Mitochondrial cytochrome b sequence variants were detected for H. guttulatus, S. acus, and S. abaster, and a novel 16S rDNA haplotype was obtained in N. maculatus. Our data suggest the presence of a cryptic divergent mitochondrial lineage of Syngnathus abaster species in PNAC. Conclusions This is the first multidisciplinary approach to the study of syngnathids in Spanish marine NPs. Habitat preferences and population characteristics in both NPs differed. Further studies are needed to assess the occurrence of a species complex for S. abaster, discarding potential misidentifications of genus Syngnathus in PNAC, and evaluate migratory events in PNIA. We propose several preferential sites in both NPs for future monitoring of syngnathid populations and some recommendations for their conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miquel Planas
- Department of Ecology and Marine Resources, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208, Vigo, Spain.
| | | | - Carmen Bouza
- Department of Zoology, Genetics and Physical Anthropology, Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus de Lugo, Avenida Carballo Calero S/N, 27002, Lugo, Spain.,Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida s/n, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Inés Castejón-Silvo
- Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Studies (CSIC-UIB), 07190, Esporles, Spain
| | - Manuel Vera
- Department of Zoology, Genetics and Physical Anthropology, Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus de Lugo, Avenida Carballo Calero S/N, 27002, Lugo, Spain.,Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida s/n, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Marcos Regueira
- Department of Ecology and Marine Resources, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208, Vigo, Spain
| | - Verónica Ochoa
- Department of Ecology and Marine Resources, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208, Vigo, Spain
| | - Ignacio Bárbara
- BioCost Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias and CICA, Universidade da Coruña, 15071, Coruña, Spain
| | - Jorge Terrados
- Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Studies (CSIC-UIB), 07190, Esporles, Spain
| | - Alexandro Chamorro
- Department of Ecology and Marine Resources, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208, Vigo, Spain
| | - Rodolfo Barreiro
- BioCost Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias and CICA, Universidade da Coruña, 15071, Coruña, Spain
| | - Jorge Hernández-Urcera
- Department of Ecology and Marine Resources, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208, Vigo, Spain
| | - Irene Alejo
- Department of Marine Geosciences and Territorial Planning, Marine Sciences Faculty, University of Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Miguel Nombela
- Department of Marine Geosciences and Territorial Planning, Marine Sciences Faculty, University of Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Manuel Enrique García
- Department of Ecology and Marine Resources, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208, Vigo, Spain
| | - Belén G Pardo
- Department of Zoology, Genetics and Physical Anthropology, Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus de Lugo, Avenida Carballo Calero S/N, 27002, Lugo, Spain.,Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida s/n, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Viviana Peña
- BioCost Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias and CICA, Universidade da Coruña, 15071, Coruña, Spain
| | - Pilar Díaz-Tapia
- BioCost Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias and CICA, Universidade da Coruña, 15071, Coruña, Spain
| | - Javier Cremades
- BioCost Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias and CICA, Universidade da Coruña, 15071, Coruña, Spain
| | - Beatriz Morales-Nin
- Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Studies (CSIC-UIB), 07190, Esporles, Spain
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