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Wu C, Liang Y, Jiang S, Shi Z. Mechanistic and data-driven perspectives on plant uptake of organic pollutants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 929:172415. [PMID: 38631647 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Establishing reliable predictive models for plant uptake of organic pollutants is crucial for environmental risk assessment and guiding phytoremediation efforts. This study compiled an expanded dataset of plant cuticle-water partition coefficients (Kcw), a useful indicator for plant uptake, for 371 data points of 148 unique compounds and various plant species. Quantum/computational chemistry software and tools were utilized to compute various molecular descriptors, aiming to comprehensively characterize the properties and structures of each compound. Three types of models were developed to predict Kcw: a mechanism-driven pp-LFER model, a data-driven machine learning model, and an integrated mechanism-data-driven model. The mechanism-data-driven GBRT-ppLFER model exhibited superior performance, achieving RMSEtrain = 0.133 and RMSEtest = 0.301 while maintaining interpretability. The Shapley Additive Explanation analysis indicated that pp-LFER parameters, ESPI, FwRadicalmax, ExtFP607, and RDF70s are the key factors influencing plant uptake in the GBRT-ppLFER model. Overall, pp-LFER parameter, ESPI, and ExtFP607 show positive effects, while the remaining factors exhibit negative effects. Partial dependency analysis further indicated that plant uptake is not solely determined by individual factors but rather by the combined interactions of multiple factors. Specifically, compounds with ppLFER parameter >4, ESPI > -25.5, 0.098 < FwRadicalmax <0.132, and 2 < RFD70s < 3, are generally more readily taken up by plants. Besides, the predicted Kcw values from the GBRT-ppLFER model were effectively employed to estimate the plant-water partition coefficients and bioconcentration factors across different plant species and growth media (water, sand, and soil), achieving an outstanding performance with an RMSE of 0.497. This study provides effective tools for assessing plant uptake of organic pollutants and deepens our understanding of plant-environment-compound interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunya Wu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, People's Republic of China; The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuzhen Liang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, People's Republic of China; The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shan Jiang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, People's Republic of China; The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenqing Shi
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, People's Republic of China; The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, People's Republic of China
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Tong J, Feng D, Wang X, Wang M, Chen M, Chen Y, Ma Y, Mei B, Chen R, Gao M, Shen S, Wang H, Zhang W. Pesticide residue and dietary intake risk of vegetables grown in Shanghai under modern urban agriculture in 2018-2021. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25505. [PMID: 38434336 PMCID: PMC10904248 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Shanghai as an international metropolis is representative of modern urban agriculture in China, so it is of great significance to analyse the pesticide residue in vegetables grown in Shanghai. This study investigated the residue of 68 commonly used pesticides (divided into insecticides, fungicides, herbicides and plant growth regulators) in 7028 vegetable samples in Shanghai from 2018 to 2021, and estimated the dietary intake risk of these pesticides. These samples were divided into 6 categories. A total of 29.21% of vegetable samples had pesticide residues, and 0.47% of samples exceeded the maximum residue limits (MRLs) set by the national food safety standard of China. Leafy vegetables had the highest detection rate of pesticide residues (32.9%), multiple detection rate (12.2%), pesticide residue concentration (35.7 mg/kg), and the number of samples exceeding the MRL (30). There were 36 out of 68 pesticides detected in vegetables, and the top 3 were dimethomorph, propamocarb and acetamiprid. The target hazard quotient (THQ) and hazard index (HI) of these noticeablepesticides were all less than 1, illustrating that there may be no obvious health hazard for residents exposed to the pesticide levels. This study can promote the green development of the pesticide industry and provide important reference data for the monitoring of pesticide residues and their hazards under modern urban agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xia Wang
- Food Quality Supervision and Testing Center of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (Shanghai), Shanghai Center of Agri-products Quality and Safety, Shanghai, 201708, China
| | - Min Wang
- Food Quality Supervision and Testing Center of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (Shanghai), Shanghai Center of Agri-products Quality and Safety, Shanghai, 201708, China
| | - Meilian Chen
- Food Quality Supervision and Testing Center of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (Shanghai), Shanghai Center of Agri-products Quality and Safety, Shanghai, 201708, China
| | - Yanfen Chen
- Food Quality Supervision and Testing Center of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (Shanghai), Shanghai Center of Agri-products Quality and Safety, Shanghai, 201708, China
| | - Yingqing Ma
- Food Quality Supervision and Testing Center of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (Shanghai), Shanghai Center of Agri-products Quality and Safety, Shanghai, 201708, China
| | - Bo Mei
- Food Quality Supervision and Testing Center of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (Shanghai), Shanghai Center of Agri-products Quality and Safety, Shanghai, 201708, China
| | - Rouhan Chen
- Food Quality Supervision and Testing Center of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (Shanghai), Shanghai Center of Agri-products Quality and Safety, Shanghai, 201708, China
| | - Mengfeng Gao
- Food Quality Supervision and Testing Center of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (Shanghai), Shanghai Center of Agri-products Quality and Safety, Shanghai, 201708, China
| | - Siwen Shen
- Food Quality Supervision and Testing Center of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (Shanghai), Shanghai Center of Agri-products Quality and Safety, Shanghai, 201708, China
| | - Hongkang Wang
- Food Quality Supervision and Testing Center of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (Shanghai), Shanghai Center of Agri-products Quality and Safety, Shanghai, 201708, China
| | - Weiyi Zhang
- Food Quality Supervision and Testing Center of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (Shanghai), Shanghai Center of Agri-products Quality and Safety, Shanghai, 201708, China
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Li Z. Assessing potential soil pollution from plant waste disposal: A modeling analysis of pesticide contamination. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 907:167859. [PMID: 37852498 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide residues can be taken up by plants after pesticide application, potentially resulting in soil pollution following the disposal of plant wastes at harvest. Currently, there is a lack of simple and efficient methods that can conduct high-throughput simulations to explore this problem across various chemicals and plant species. We present a modeling approach to simulating pesticide residue concentrations in soil as a result of plant waste disposal to assess the impact of plant wastes on agricultural soil pollution with respect to pesticide residues. This modeling approach employs well-established plant uptake models, providing versatility in evaluating different chemicals and plant species. The simulation process was tabulated in the spreadsheet interface, providing users with the flexibility to adjust input values for specific chemicals, plant species, and regions. The simulation results revealed that pesticides with relatively low lipophilicity (i.e., log KOW < 2) had low simulated residue concentrations in the soil as a result of plant waste disposal at harvest, whereas soil concentrations for lipophilic pesticides dramatically rose. This indicated that disposal of plant waste in agricultural soils will not pose significant ecological concerns to pesticides with low lipophilicity. The variability analysis showed that for certain pesticides, environmental factors (such as temperature and humidity) had a significant impact on the simulated residue concentrations in the soil as a result of plant waste disposal, which aided in the assessment of regional ecological risk as well as plant disposal management. Although some modeling aspects such as plant decomposition process, advanced plant uptake models, heterological distribution of residue concentrations in the soil, and plant waste stacking patterns require further research, the proposed approach can be used to assist in managing soil pesticides from plant waste disposal in preliminary stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China.
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4
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Li Z. Global assessment of honeybee exposure to pesticides through guttation consumption: An indicator approach. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 266:115581. [PMID: 37839189 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Guttation consumption is a potential pathway of pesticide residue exposure in honeybees. However, modeling tools for assessing honeybee exposure to pesticide residues in guttation drops are lacking. In this study, we propose an indicator-based approach for qualitatively or quantitatively analyzing the guttation-based exposure pathway, allowing us to conduct region-specific pesticide residue exposure assessments for honeybees. Exposure scores (the product of guttation production and residue level scores) were established to compare or rank honeybee exposure to pesticide residues via guttation intake across locations using three specified indicators (i.e., air temperature, relative humidity, and precipitation intensity). Warm, dry regions had high residue level scores (indicating high residue levels in guttation), whereas cold, wet regions had high guttation production scores (indicating high possibilities of guttation formation on leaf surfaces); their exposure scores were a combination of these two values. We evaluated and ranked honeybee exposure to imidacloprid residue across regions in Brazil, China, the United States, and selected European Union member states, revealing that pesticide application in many Brazilian federative units may raise honeybee risks due to high exposure scores. We also compared the guttation pathway to other common exposure pathways (nectar and pollen), suggesting that for some moderately lipophilic compounds, the guttation exposure pathway may not be ignored and should be further evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China.
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5
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Li Z, Fantke P. Including the bioconcentration of pesticide metabolites in plant uptake modeling. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2023; 25:1708-1717. [PMID: 37772314 DOI: 10.1039/d3em00266g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Although several models of pesticide uptake into plants are available, there are few modeling studies on the bioconcentration of metabolites in plants. Ignoring metabolites in plant uptake models can result in an underestimation of the parent compound's overall impacts on human health associated with pesticide residues in harvested food crops. To address this limitation, we offer a metabolite-based plant uptake model to predict the bioconcentration of the parent compound and its metabolites in plants. We used the uptake of glyphosate and its major metabolite (aminomethylphosphonic acid, AMPA) into potato as an example. The analysis of variability revealed that soil properties (affecting the soil sorption coefficient), dissipation half-life in soil, and metabolic half-life in the potato had a significant impact on the simulated AMPA concentration in the potato, indicating that regional variability could be generated in the plant bioconcentration process of metabolites. The proposed model was further compared using the non-metabolite model. The findings of the comparison suggested that the non-metabolite model, which is integrated with the AMPA bioconcentration process, can predict the AMPA concentration in the potato similarly to the proposed model. In conclusion, we provide insight into the bioconcentration process of metabolites in tuber plants from a modeling viewpoint, with some crucial model inputs, such as biotransformation and metabolic rate constants, requiring confirmation in future studies. The modeling demonstration emphasizes that it is relevant to consider bioaccumulation of metabolites, which can propagate further into increased overall residues of harmful compounds, especially in cases where metabolites have higher toxicity effect potency than their respective parent compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China.
| | - Peter Fantke
- Quantitative Sustainability Assessment, Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet 115, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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Li Z, Li M, Niu S. A Modeling Approach for Assessing Ecological Risks of Neonicotinoid Insecticides from Emission to Nontarget Organisms: A Case Study of Cotton Plant. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023; 42:928-938. [PMID: 36779656 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The use of neonicotinoid insecticides in agriculture has posed threats to ecological systems, and there is a need to assess the ecological risks of neonicotinoids from emission to nontarget organisms. We introduced a modeling approach to assess the ecological risks of neonicotinoids using honeybee and earthworm as model organisms, and the simulation was flexible under different environmental conditions. Using the cotton plant as an example, the simulation results demonstrated that under current recommended application rates, the use of common neonicotinoid insecticides posed no threat to earthworms, with the simulated risk quotients (RQs) much lower than 1. However, the simulation for some neonicotinoid insecticides (e.g., acetamiprid) indicated that using these insecticides on cotton plants could threaten honeybees, with simulated RQs higher than 1. The variability analysis showed that in high-latitude regions, the unacceptable risk to honeybees posed by insecticide application can be further elevated due to cold, wet weather that results in relatively high insecticide levels in pollen and nectar. The model evaluation showed large overlaps of simulated risk intervals between the proposed and existing (BeeREX) models. Because the proposed and existing models have different simulation mechanisms, we recommend that these two models be used together to complement each other in future studies. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:928-938. © 2023 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Minmin Li
- Key Laboratory of Agroproducts Quality and Safety Control in the Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Shan Niu
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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7
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Li Z, Wu Y, Wang C. A SWMM-Based Screening Model for Estimating Wastewater Treatment Burden of Pesticides on the Urban Scale. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 71:785-794. [PMID: 36094663 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-022-01717-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
To estimate the treatment load of pesticides for wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) on an urban scale, we developed a SWMM-based screening model that integrates the mass balance of pesticides in residential soil and the storm-water runoff passing through residential lawns. Furthermore, we introduce an approximate approach that simplifies the simulation using the octanol-water partition coefficients (i.e., log KOW) of pesticides. The results indicate that the simulated transport factors (i.e., the dissipation kinetics-relevant property from the soil) of systemic pesticides (i.e., log KOW < 2.0) are constant, whereas those of non-systemic pesticides decrease with increasing log KOW, indicating that highly lipophilic pesticides are thermodynamically favored for soil absorption. By using the approximate approach, we estimated the total mass of pesticides entering the urban sewer system and the pesticide concentrations in the influent of WWTPs for a midsize city. The results indicate that the estimated concentration of systemic pesticides in the influent is ~9.2 ng L-1 and that of pesticides with log KOW values above 3.0 is below 0.84 ng L-1. The pesticide concentrations are consistent with published field data, indicating that the approximate approach can be applied as preliminary modeling tool to recommend pretreatment values for urban WWTPs. Although the model must be further validated and refined using field data, the screening method can be used to help urban planners and engineers to manage the treatment process of pesticides in WWTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Yingjie Wu
- Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Li Z, Fantke P. Considering degradation kinetics of pesticides in plant uptake models: proof of concept for potato. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:1154-1163. [PMID: 36371622 PMCID: PMC10099551 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Degradation kinetics of pesticides in plants are crucial for modeling mechanism-based pesticide residual concentrations. However, due to complex open-field conditions that involve multiple pesticide plant uptake and elimination processes, it is difficult to directly measure degradation kinetics of pesticides in plants. To address this limitation, we proposed a modeling approach for estimating degradation rate constants of pesticides in plants, using potato as a model crop. An operational tool was developed to backward-estimate degradation rate constants, and three pesticides were selected to perform example simulations. RESULTS The simulation results of thiamethoxam indicated that the growth dynamics of the potato had a significant impact on the degradation kinetic estimates when the pesticide was applied during the early growth stage, as the size of the potato determined the uptake and elimination kinetics via diffusion. Using mepiquat, we demonstrated that geographical variations in weather conditions and soil properties led to significant differences in the dissipation kinetics in both potato plants and soil, which propagated the variability of the degradation rate constant. Simulation results of chlorpyrifos differed between two reported field studies, which is due to the effect of the vertical distribution of the residue concentration in the soil, which is not considered in the majority of recent studies. CONCLUSIONS Our proposed approach is adaptable to plant growth dynamics, preharvest intervals, and multiple pesticide application events. In future research, it is expected that the proposed method will enable region-specific inputs to improve the estimation of the degradation kinetics of pesticides in plants. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen)Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Peter Fantke
- Quantitative Sustainability Assessment, Department of Environmental and Resource EngineeringTechnical University of DenmarkKongens LyngbyDenmark
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Li Z. Screening safe pesticide application rates in crop fields for protecting consumer health: A backward model for interim recommended rates. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2023; 19:126-138. [PMID: 35266607 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To reduce human health risks and comply with regulatory standards, it is necessary to provide safe application rates of pesticides in crop fields. In this study, a screening-level model is proposed to improve the regulation of pesticide application rates based on the dynamiCrop platform, which can serve as a complementary approach to field trials for regulatory agencies. The screening-level model can conveniently simulate safe application rates of pesticides based on consumer health risks and maximum residue levels (MRLs). Using 2,4-D as an example, the simulation results agreed with the data of field trials under Good Agricultural Practices and demonstrated that current manufacturers' recommended application rates can effectively comply with MRLs and protect human health. In addition, we simulated the default safe application rates of 449 pesticides in five common crops using the default values of the acceptable daily intake (ADI; 0.01 mg kg-1 day-1 ) and MRL (0.01 mg kg-1 ). The results demonstrated that aerial-fruit crops (e.g., tomatoes and apples) had much lower default safe application rates of pesticides than tuber crops due to the different pesticide uptake mechanisms of plants. In addition, the MRL-based default safe application rates were significantly lower than the ADI-based default rates, indicating that the default MRL of 0.01 mg kg-1 adopted by current regulatory agencies is very conservative regarding population health risks. Although other factors, such as the variability of residue levels in crops, occupational exposure (farmers and operators), and multiple pesticide application patterns, need to be considered in future studies, our screening-level model could be used as a complementary tool in field trials to assist regulatory agencies in regulating pesticide application rates in crop fields. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:126-138. © 2022 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Li Z, Ai Z. Mapping Plant Bioaccumulation Potentials of Pesticides from Soil Using Satellite-Based Canopy Transpiration Rates. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023; 42:117-129. [PMID: 36349963 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The transpiration rate is an important factor that determines the bioaccumulation potential of pesticides from soil and can present a spatiotemporal pattern. In the present study, we proposed a satellite-based approach to map the bioaccumulation potential of pesticides from soil using the Global Land Evaporation Amsterdam Model (GLEAM). In the proposed model, the spatiotemporal variable (i.e., plant transpiration rate) was separately analyzed from the plant- and chemical-specific variables. The simulated bioaccumulation factors (BAFs; steady-state concentration ratios between plants and soil) of atrazine and lindane for the United States indicated that the proposed model can better predict the spatiotemporal pattern of bioaccumulation potentials of pesticides from soil than a previous weather-based model. The proposed approach using GLEAM's satellite data avoids the overestimation of plant transpiration rate in regions with a dry and warm climate. The comparison of BAFs between the proposed and weather-based models indicated that the satellite-based simulation was consistent with the weather-based simulation for most states and was more effective for the southwest region. Furthermore, plant- and chemical-specific variables were simulated for over 700 pesticides, which could be multiplied by satellite-based canopy transpiration rates to map the bioaccumulation potentials of chemicals from soil. Further evaluation of plant-specific variables, partitioning behaviors of ionizable compounds, and multiple uptake routes (e.g., airborne residue deposition) will aid in the evaluation of the spatiotemporal patterns of pesticide BAFs in plants in future research. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:117-129. © 2022 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhipin Ai
- Center for Climate Change Adaptation, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba-City, Ibaraki, Japan
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Li Z, Wang H, Xiao S. A mechanism-based fate model of pesticide solutions on the plant surface under aerial application. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 33:933-952. [PMID: 36448373 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2022.2148738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide residues on plant surfaces are a primary source of pesticide bioaccumulation in crops. In this context, we propose a mechanism-based model for understanding the pesticide fate on the plant surface following aerial application, taking into account fate modelling of the pesticide spray solution on the plant surface. Using chlorothalonil as an example, the simulation results revealed that the spray solution dissipated rapidly after aerial application, resulting in the formation of a saturated pesticide solution, which facilitated the diffusion process of the pesticide residue from the plant surface into the peel tissue. The proposed model generated higher simulated residue concentrations in the peel or pulp than the current model, owing to the proposed model's assumption of rapid dissipation of the spray solution. This indicated that the proposed model specified the influence of the spray solution on the plant's exposure to residues via the surface deposition pathway, whereas the current modelling approach presented a generic estimate of the residue dissipation on the plant surface that linked to the residue's fate in the soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Li
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - H Wang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - S Xiao
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
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Li Z. Prioritizing agricultural pesticides to protect human health: A multi-level strategy combining life cycle impact and risk assessments. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 242:113869. [PMID: 35835074 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a multi-level strategy to prioritize pesticides for use in agriculture is proposed in support of protecting human health. The strategy includes four levels (production, application, distribution, and bioaccumulation) of screening approaches, for which the life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) and human health risk assessment (HHRA) models were applied to generate priority lists at each level. The LCIA model was used at the production level (i.e., chemical design; before pesticides being registered and entering the market), providing the inventory management based on environmental persistence and toxicity potential of pesticides, whereas the HHRA models were used at the other three levels, assessing human health risks based on pesticide emission to cropland. Priority scores (PS) of 319 pesticides were simulated with high scores indicating high priority for use in agriculture (relatively high human safety). The simulated results via the LCIA at the production level had strong positive correlations with those via the HHRA at the other three levels, indicating that the LCIA tool was capable of an initial screening of pesticides for use in agriculture. The simulated PS values of 319 pesticides indicated that some pesticides (e.g., chlorpyrifos and fipronil) with low PS values (e.g., < 8) that are currently used in some countries should be further evaluated. For other pesticides with high simulated PS values (e.g., > 15) for use in agriculture, their ecotoxicity impacts and ecological risks should be considered in protecting human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China.
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13
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Li Z. Modeling plant uptake of organic contaminants by root vegetables: The role of diffusion, xylem, and phloem uptake routes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 434:128911. [PMID: 35460996 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The uptake of organic contaminants by root vegetables involves diffusion, transport by xylem and phloem saps, degradation, and volatilization. To understand the role of uptake and elimination routes in the bioconcentration modeling of organic contaminants, a two-compartment uptake model (root and leaf compartments) was proposed. The results showed that for the root compartment, logarithm values of bioconcentration factors (log BCF, the concentration ratio between plant tissues and soil) of chemicals fell within a narrow range when the logarithm of octanol-water partition coefficient (log KOW) was less than 3.0, whereas log BCF values decreased rapidly with increasing log KOW values when log KOW was greater than 3.0. This is because the diffusion route had a significant impact on the root uptake of chemicals, wherein the first-order rate constant dropped rapidly for high-lipophilicity chemicals, resulting in very low log BCF values. For the leaf compartment, chemicals with moderate lipophilicity (log KOW of 3.0-4.0) had the highest simulated log BCF values. This is because moderate log KOW values generated the highest transpiration stream concentration factors (TSCFs, the concentration ratio between xylem or phloem saps and water), resulting in high uptake efficiency of chemicals by leaves. Furthermore, we improved the uptake model by considering the surface-deposition route for pesticides (foliar spray), and the simulation results indicated that this uptake route cannot be neglected for lipophilic compounds. Although the simulations agreed with an experimental study and some reported data, future studies should focus on factors, such as plant physiology (plant varieties, periderm effects and compositions of xylem and phloem saps) and environmental conditions (soil properties and weather conditions), to improve the plant uptake model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China.
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14
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Li Z. Modeling pesticide residues in nectar and pollen in support of pesticide exposure assessment for honeybees: A generic modeling approach. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 236:113507. [PMID: 35421823 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide residues in nectar and pollen of plants can damage honeybees; however, few modeling approaches have simulated residue levels in nectar and pollen in support of exposure assessment for honeybees. This study introduced a generic modeling approach based on plant uptake models and simple partitioning rules that specifies soil incorporation and foliar spray application scenarios of pesticides and is flexible for conducting variability analysis for various environmental conditions, pesticide application patterns, chemical individuals, and plant varieties. The results indicated that, in general, systemic or moderate lipophilicity (log KOW of ~2.5) pesticides have relatively high simulated residue levels in nectar and pollen because of the enhanced residue uptake process from soil. For non-systemic or highly lipophilic pesticides, the residue uptake via leaf surface deposition pathway can be enhanced, and more residues will be bioaccumulated in pollen than nectar due to a relatively high lipid content of pollen (as compared to nectar), but the overall residue levels in nectar and pollen are lower than systemic or moderately lipophilic pesticides. The variability analysis showed that environmental conditions, pesticide application patterns, chemical properties, and plant varieties cause considerable variations in simulated residue levels in nectar and pollen, indicating that spatiotemporal, chemical, and plant-related factors must be considered in pesticide exposure assessment for honeybees. Moreover, the comparison between the simulated and measured data showed a high degree of consistency, indicating that the proposed model could be used to conduct a screening-level pesticide exposure assessment for honeybees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China.
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15
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Li Z. New implication of pesticide regulatory management in soils: Average vs ceiling legal limits. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 818:151705. [PMID: 34793794 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To help regulatory agencies better interpret pesticide soil standards (PSSs) and promote pesticide soil regulations, this study revealed new PSS implications by introducing the average (i.e., PSSAC) and ceiling (i.e., PSSCC) legal limits of pesticides. The PSSAC indicates the average legal limit of a pesticide in the soil over a duration (e.g., annual or monthly average), ensuring that no adverse human health effects can occur. The PSSCC indicates the ceiling legal limit that cannot be exceeded by pesticide concentrations in the soil, which was introduced to comply with pesticide application in real-world scenarios. We introduced the regulatory ceiling factor (RCF) to screen whether a pesticide in the surface soil could be regulated using the PSSAC and PSSCC values. The results indicated that except for some pesticides with high lipophilicity and low degradability (e.g., legacy pesticides), many pesticides were eligible to be regulated by both average and ceiling legal limits. In addition, we conducted a case study to evaluate chlorpyrifos soil standards via a four-step regulatory procedure; the results indicated that our new interpretation using the simulated PSSAC and PSSCC values of chlorpyrifos demonstrated that most current chlorpyrifos soil standards can protect population health, which is in contrast to the findings of current regulatory studies. Furthermore, based on the new implication of PSSs interpreted in this study, we recommend that regulatory agencies clarify PSSs to avoid confusion and promote cost-efficient remediations, and recommend improving the regulatory communication between environmental agencies and pesticide manufacturers to define a comprehensive policy integrating PSSs and application patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China.
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16
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Rezaei Kalantary R, Barzegar G, Jorfi S. Monitoring of pesticides in surface water, pesticides removal efficiency in drinking water treatment plant and potential health risk to consumers using Monte Carlo simulation in Behbahan City, Iran. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131667. [PMID: 34325256 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Excessive application of pesticides to control pests and weeds leads to contaminating bodies of water and health problems for consumers. The present study was designed to investigate the concentration of pesticides in raw water originated from the Marun River as well as the treated water of the drinking water treatment plant in Behbahan City. The efficiency of each treatment process was evaluated. Moreover, the health risks caused by detectable pesticides for consumers of treated water were assessed. The target pollutants were extracted using droplet liquid-liquid microextraction and detected by a gas chromatograph-mass spectrophotometer. The results showed relatively high mean concentrations of organophosphate pesticides ranging from 0.87 to 3.229 μg/L in the river water and low concentrations of organochlorine pesticides, except for 1,3-dichloropropene with the concentration of 3.58 μg/L. Alachlor had a rather high concentration (2.44 μg/L) in the river water. The concentration of pesticides in the drinking water had been reduced to an acceptable amount. The major part of pesticides removal occurred in coagulation-flocculation and rapid sand filtration units (87 %) due to the hydrophobic nature of pesticides and the use of GAC in the filtration unit. Based on the risk assessment estimates, the total hazard quotient (THQ) for all the pesticides was much less than one. The value of THQ was higher in younger individuals and children for all the given pesticides. The highest value of THQ in children was 0.2 which was attributed to aldrin. Similarly, the carcinogenic risk (CR) of aldrin for children and teenagers was in the unsafe range (more than 10-4) while the CR for other target compounds in all the age groups was negligible (10-4-10-6 or less). The high concentration of pesticides in the river water might be concerning and therefore selling and using pesticides, especially the banned ones, should be more regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshanak Rezaei Kalantary
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gelavizh Barzegar
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sahand Jorfi
- Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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17
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Li Z, Niu S. Modeling pesticides in global surface soils: Exploring relationships between continuous and discrete emission patterns. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 798:149309. [PMID: 34375253 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Continuous pesticide emission at constant rate does not occur in reality, but can be a useful and simple concept in modeling studies. To explore the relationship between continuous and discrete emission patterns, we introduced a simple equivalent approach based on a comparison of simulated surface soil pesticide concentrations. The simulated results indicate that, at high soil pesticide dissipation rates and low emission frequencies, the average concentrations under the continuous and discrete emission scenarios were very similar. We demonstrated that the continuous emission model that used the simple average method to calculate the emission rate always overestimated the simulated pesticide concentrations in the surface soil compared to the discrete emission model when using a one-year period based on agricultural practices. In addition, we incorporated the equivalent approach into the USEtox model (a screening-level tool), which can approximate the average pesticide concentrations in surface soil using the time-integrated fate factors at different emission frequencies. The results indicate that the continuous-emission simulations agree with the discrete emission for at least 90% of the selected pesticides based on annual or semi-annual emission patterns. Further studies into other topics, such as random emission patterns and simulation periods, are required to improve the model. Nevertheless, the equivalent approach presented in this study can aid in transforming discrete emission patterns into continuous-emission-based models and improve surface soil pesticide management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China.
| | - Shan Niu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
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Xiao S, Li Z, Fantke P. Improved plant bioconcentration modeling of pesticides: The role of periderm dynamics. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:5096-5108. [PMID: 34236751 PMCID: PMC8518939 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a continuous need to advance pesticide plant uptake models in support of improving pest control and reducing human exposure to pesticide residues. The periderm of harvested root and tuber crops may affect pesticide uptake, but is usually not considered in plant uptake models. To quantify the influence of the periderm on pesticide uptake from soil into potatoes, we propose a model that includes an explicit periderm compartment in the soil-plant mass balance for pesticides. RESULTS Our model shows that the potato periderm acts as an active barrier to the uptake of lipophilic pesticides with high KOW , while it lets more lipophobic pesticides accumulate in the medulla (pulp). We estimated bioconcentration factors (BCFs) for over 700 pesticides and proposed parameterizations for including the effects of the periderm into a full plant uptake modeling framework. A sensitivity analysis shows that both the degradation half-life inside the tuber and the lipophilicity drive the contributions of other aspects to the variability of BCFs, while highlighting distinct dynamics in the periderm and medulla compartments. Finally, we compare model estimates with measured data, showing that predictions agree with field observations for current-use pesticides and some legacy pesticides frequently found in potatoes. CONCLUSION Considering the periderm improves the accuracy of quantifying pesticide uptake and bioconcentration in potatoes as input for optimizing pest control and minimizing human exposure to pesticide residues in edible crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglan Xiao
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen)Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Zijian Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen)Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Peter Fantke
- Quantitative Sustainability Assessment, Department of Technology, Management and EconomicsTechnical University of DenmarkLyngbyDenmark
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Li Z. Regulation of pesticide soil standards for protecting human health based on multiple uses of residential soil. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 297:113369. [PMID: 34325373 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To help environmental agencies manage pesticides in residential soil and reduce the associated risks to human health, we developed a screening-level framework that derives pesticide soil standards (PSSs) while considering the multiple uses of residential soil. Our screening models simulated the risk from exposure to soil pesticides via direct and three major indirect (i.e., tuber crops, animal-sourced food, and groundwater) exposure pathways. Based on these models, we derived PSSs for five types of residential soil. Our results showed that, in general, indirect pathways contributed more than the direct pathway to the overall exposure to soil pesticides. Consequently, in rural environments, where residential soil is also subjected to activities such as agriculture, animal grazing, and groundwater consumption, the derived PSSs were low. In addition, we compared the derived PSSs to the current worldwide standards for 13 commonly used pesticides. We found that the current global PSSs were appropriate only for urban residential soil. In many rural environments where the boundaries between different soil uses may be indistinct, the current PSSs are insufficient to protect humans from exposure to soil pesticides. Based on this analysis and the proposed PSSs, we provide regulatory recommendations for the management of pesticides in various types of residential soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China.
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20
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Li Z. Improving pesticide uptake modeling and management in potatoes: A simple and approximate phloem-adjusted model. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 296:113180. [PMID: 34225049 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the impact of the phloem flux on the pesticide uptake process in potatoes, this study developed a phloem-adjusted model based on the classic model that focuses mainly on the diffusion process. To achieve high-throughput simulations, we introduced an approximate method to convert the phloem flux transport process into a simple specific uptake rate of pesticides. In comparison to the classic model (non-phloem model), the phloem-adjusted model generated higher pesticide concentrations and bioconcentration factors (BCFs) in potatoes, owing to the additional pesticide uptake route introduced to the adjusted model. However, the simulation, which was conducted for 740 pesticides, indicated that for most pesticides, the phloem flux route did not contribute a significant portion of the pesticide uptake to potato tubers compared with the soil diffusion route. This was further characterized, using the differential factor (DF), to evaluate the difference in the simulated results between the proposed model and classic models. The largest DF (~0.11) was obtained for pesticides with moderate lipophilicity (i.e., log KOW of 3.0), indicating that only a difference of 10% was generated between the two models. The 10% increase in pesticide concentration (or BCFs) in potatoes, simulated by the phloem-adjusted model, was within the acceptable uncertainty interval of the classic model, thus confirming the validity of using the classic model to predict the pesticide uptake process in potato tubers. However, we found that the negligibility of the phloem flux route was not merely due to hydrophobicity (i.e., hypothesis of the classic model), but was related to the i) plant physiology of potatoes, ii) lipophilicity of a pesticide, and iii) the diffusivity of a pesticide in water. Although future studies on pesticide concentrations in phloem sap and the dynamic growth of potatoes need to be undertaken, the model developed in this study reveals a more comprehensive pesticide uptake process in potatoes, which can promote the understanding of the pesticide uptake mechanism in potatoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, China.
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21
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Li Z, Niu S. Modeling pesticides in global surface soils: Evaluating spatiotemporal patterns for USEtox-based steady-state concentrations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 791:148412. [PMID: 34412385 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To better manage pesticide pollution in surface soils, we introduced a first-order-kinetics-based screening model to evaluate the steady-state concentrations of pesticides in surface soils while considering degradation, volatilization, plant uptake, and precipitation processes. For each process, we developed a spatiotemporal-pattern-based model using spatiotemporal variables, including air temperature (TA), relative humidity (RHA), and rainfall intensity (IRA), to characterize the overall dissipation rates (kT) of pesticides in the soil. These dissipation rates were converted to fate factors (FFs), which are commonly used in life cycle analyses. The results indicate that, in general, the kT values increase with increasing TA and IRA and decrease with increasing RHA. This is because increased TA boosts the degradation, volatilization, and plant uptake processes, whereas increased RHA lowers the plant transpiration rate. Also, the simulation for over 700 pesticides indicated that the degradation process dominates the overall dissipation of most pesticides in the soil, and the volatilization process contributes the least. In addition, we simulated chlorpyrifos FFs for Brazil, China, the US, and the European Union (EU) using the annual average TA, RHA, and IRA values. The results indicate that, in general, Brazilian federal units have the smallest FFs and the narrowest simulated FF range because of their humid tropical climates. Meanwhile, the EU member states have the largest FFs and the widest FF range because of their range in locations. In addition, our simulated results show that the surface soils in the high-latitude regions could accumulate more chlorpyrifos than those in low-latitude regions because of the larger simulated FFs. Furthermore, we parameterized our model using 737 pesticides with the USEtox, thereby providing an alternative approach to simulate the steady-state concentration of pesticides in surface soils from the USEtox available data. The model developed herein is a useful screening tool for predicting pesticide concentrations in surface soil worldwide to improve soil and ecological health risk management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong 510275, China.
| | - Shan Niu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
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22
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Li Z. Improving screening model of pesticide risk assessment in surface soils: Considering degradation metabolites. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 222:112490. [PMID: 34237638 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As pesticides can be degraded to toxic metabolites in the soil, metabolite toxicity should be considered in human health risk assessments. In this study, a screening-level modeling framework was developed to manage pesticides in surface soil, which was discussed under discrete and continuous emission scenarios. In addition, we selected glyphosate and its major metabolite (aminomethylphosphonic acid or AMPA) as examples to conduct screening-level risk management at regional, national, and global scales. The results indicated that if soil AMPA were not considered, human health risks could be significantly underestimated because of the large half-life of AMPA in the soil. For example, the added concentration factors of AMPA were simulated as 0.19 and 6.72 considering all major elimination pathways and considering the degradation pathway alone, respectively, indicating that AMPA formation could lead to severe extra health burdens. Furthermore, the evaluation of current glyphosate soil standards suggested that toxic metabolites should be considered in the regulatory process; otherwise, many standards could theoretically trigger high levels of soil AMPA, which could result in serious human health damage. Our proposed screening-level model can help to improve risk assessment and regulatory management of pesticides in surface soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong 510275, China.
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Xiao S, Gong Y, Li Z, Fantke P. Improving Pesticide Uptake Modeling into Potatoes: Considering Tuber Growth Dynamics. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:3607-3616. [PMID: 33729792 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To explore pesticide uptake from soil into a growing potato, a moving-boundary dynamic model is proposed on the basis of the radical diffusion process of a chemical to a sphere. This model, which considers the logistic growth of the potato tuber, describes two hypothetical processes of chemical diffusion within a growing tuber. The model was tested in an illustrative case study for an application of chlorpyrifos. Results indicate that the distribution of chlorpyrifos concentrations along the potato radius is significantly affected by the tuber development. In comparison of our results to results from a classic model using a fixed boundary, the proposed dynamic model yields a quick and big jump for both the average concentration and bioconcentration factor (BCF) of chlorpyrifos in the potato as a result of the sigmoid expansion boundary. Overall, the dynamic model predicts that chlorpyrifos BCFs in the potato at harvest are higher than those using the classical model. In comparison of model results to measured uptake of chlorpyrifos into potato at harvest, the dynamic model shows better performance than the classical model. Our results provide a new perspective on pesticide uptake into potatoes and inform human health risk assessment for pesticides applied at different tuber growth stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglan Xiao
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Yishu Gong
- Department of Mathematics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Zijian Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Peter Fantke
- Quantitative Sustainability Assessment, Department of Technology, Management and Economics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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Baroudi F, Al-Alam J, Delhomme O, Chimjarn S, Fajloun Z, Millet M. The use of Pinus nigra as a biomonitor of pesticides and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Lebanon. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:10283-10291. [PMID: 33447982 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11954-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Among the various species of vegetation, conifers play an important role as a biomonitor of air pollution. The current study presents the determination of pesticides and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in 15 conifer samples collected in August 2018 (summer season) from different regions in north Lebanon (Tripoli, Koura, Bcharre, and Akkar). Pollutants were extracted based on QuEChERS-SPME followed by liquid and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Results showed that the samples collected from Bcharre region had the lowest concentration in both pesticides and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with a total concentration of 50 and 66 ng g-1, while the samples collected from the regions widely known by their agriculture (Akkar, Tripoli, and Koura areas) were the most polluted with concentrations of 231 and 422 ng g-1, 192 and 370 ng g-1, and 127 and 98 ng g-1 for pesticides and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons respectively. This study revealed that conifers are suggested to be efficient biomonitors of contamination levels in the air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firas Baroudi
- Institute of Chemistry and Processes for Energy, Environment and Health (ICPEES, UMR 7515 CNRS) - Group of Physical Chemistry of the Atmosphere, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology (LAB3B), Azm Center for Research in Biotechnology and Its Applications, EDST, Lebanese University, Tripoli, 1300, Lebanon
| | - Josephine Al-Alam
- School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Olivier Delhomme
- Institute of Chemistry and Processes for Energy, Environment and Health (ICPEES, UMR 7515 CNRS) - Group of Physical Chemistry of the Atmosphere, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- University of Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Supansa Chimjarn
- Institute of Chemistry and Processes for Energy, Environment and Health (ICPEES, UMR 7515 CNRS) - Group of Physical Chemistry of the Atmosphere, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ziad Fajloun
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology (LAB3B), Azm Center for Research in Biotechnology and Its Applications, EDST, Lebanese University, Tripoli, 1300, Lebanon
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences 3, Lebanese University, Michel Slayman Tripoli Campus, Ras Maska, Tripoli, 1352, Lebanon
| | - Maurice Millet
- Institute of Chemistry and Processes for Energy, Environment and Health (ICPEES, UMR 7515 CNRS) - Group of Physical Chemistry of the Atmosphere, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
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