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Liu J, Zhao R, Feng J, Fu W, Cao L, Zhang J, Lei Y, Liang J, Lin L, Li X, Li B. Bacterial assembly and succession patterns in conventional and advanced drinking water systems: From source to tap. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 473:134613. [PMID: 38788571 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Bacteria are pivotal to drinking water treatment and public health. However, the mechanisms of bacterial assembly and their impact on species coexistence remain largely unexplored. This study explored the assembly and succession of bacterial communities in two full-scale drinking water systems over one year. We observed a decline in bacterial biomass, diversity, and co-occurrence network complexity along the treatment processes, except for the biological activated carbon filtration stage. The conventional plant showed higher bacterial diversity than the advanced plant, despite similar bacterial concentrations and better removal efficiency. The biological activated carbon filter exhibited high phylogenetic diversity, indicating enhanced bacterial metabolic functionality for organic matter removal. Chlorination inactivated most bacteria but favored some chlorination-resistant and potentially pathogenic species, such as Burkholderia, Bosea, Brevundimonas, and Acinetobacter. Moreover, the spatiotemporal dynamics of the bacterial continuum were primarily driven by stochastic processes, explaining more than 78% of the relative importance. The advanced plant's bacterial community was less influenced by dispersal limitation and more by homogeneous selection. The stochastic process regulated bacterial diversity and influenced the complexity of the species co-occurrence network. These findings deepen our understanding of microbial ecological mechanisms and species interactions, offering insights for enhancing hygienic safety in drinking water systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China; State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Renxin Zhao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China; School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jie Feng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenjie Fu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lijia Cao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yusha Lei
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiajin Liang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lin Lin
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bing Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China.
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Yuan N, Li Z, Shang Q, Liu X, Deng C, Wang C. High efficiency of drinking water treatment residual-based sintered ceramsite in biofilter for domestic wastewater treatment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 354:120401. [PMID: 38382437 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al)-based drinking water treatment residue (DWTR) has often been attempted to be recycled as dominant ingredient to produce sintered ceramsite for water treatment. This study aimed to determine the long-term performance of DWTR-based ceramsite in treating domestic wastewater based on a 385-d biofilter test and by using physicochemical, metagenomic, and metatranscriptomic analyses. The results showed that the ceramsite-packed biofilter exhibited high and stable capability in removing phosphorus (P) and chemical oxygen demand (COD), with removal efficiencies of 92.6 ± 3.97% and 81.1 ± 14.0% for total P and COD, respectively; moreover, 88-100% of ammonium-nitrogen (N) was normally converted, and the total N removal efficiency reached 80-86% under proper aeration. Further analysis suggested that the forms of the removed P in the ceramsite were mainly NH4F- and NaOH-extractable. Microbial communities in the ceramsite biofilter exhibited relatively high activity. Typically, various organic matter degradation-related genes (e.g., hemicellulose and starch degradations) were enriched, and a complete N-cycling pathway was established, which is beneficial for enriching microbes involved in ammonium-N conversion, especially Candidatus Brocadia, Candidatus Jettenia, Nitrosomonas, and Nitrospira. In addition, the structures of the ceramsite had high stability (e.g., compressive strength and major compositions). The ceramsites showed limited metal and metalloid pollution risks and even accumulated copper from the wastewater. These results demonstrate the high feasibility of applying ceramsite prepared from Al-based DWTR for water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Yuan
- Nanjing Vocational College of Information Technology, Nanjing, 210023, China; State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Ziyi Li
- School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei, 230000, China; State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Qiannan Shang
- School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei, 230000, China; State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei, 230000, China
| | - Chengxun Deng
- School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei, 230000, China
| | - Changhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
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Guarin TC, Li L, Haak L, Teel L, Pagilla KR. Contaminants of emerging concern reduction and microbial community characterization across a three-barrier advanced water treatment system. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169637. [PMID: 38157893 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
This research investigated the removal of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) and characterized the microbial community across an advanced water treatment (AWT) train consisting of Coagulation/Flocculation/Clarification/Granular Media Filtration (CFCGMF), Ozone-Biological Activated Carbon Filtration (O3/BAC), Granular Activated Carbon filtration, Ultraviolet Disinfection, and Cartridge Filtration (GAC/UV/CF). The AWT train successfully met the goals of CECs and bulk organics removal. The microbial community at each treatment step of the AWT train was characterized using 16S rRNA sequencing on the Illumina MiSeq platform generated from DNA extracted from liquid and solid (treatment media) samples taken along the treatment train. Differences in the microbial community structure were observed. The dominant operational taxonomic units (OTU) decreased along the treatment train, but the treatment steps did impact the microbial community composition downstream of each unit process. These results provide insights into microbial ecology in advanced water treatment systems, which are influenced and shaped by each treatment step, the microbial community interactions, and their potential metabolic contribution to CECs degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana C Guarin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA; ε-BiO: UNAB's Circular Bioeconomy Research Center, Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Laura Haak
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Lydia Teel
- Truckee Meadows Water Authority, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Krishna R Pagilla
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
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Kuster AC, Huser BJ, Thongdamrongtham S, Patra S, Padungthon S, Kuster AT. A model for predicting reduction in mobile phosphorus of lake sediment by aluminum drinking water treatment residuals. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 232:119677. [PMID: 36738559 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Drinking water treatment residual (DWTR) derived from flocculation and sedimentation of raw water using aluminum coagulants is a valuable environmental remediation byproduct capable of inactivating phosphorus (P). However, no generalizable model exists in the literature to describe reduction of releasable (mobile) P in lake sediment as a result of DWTR addition. The reduction of mobile P (sum of labile P and reductant soluble P) was investigated in over 100 sub-samples using five sediment samples from two lakes and three DWTRs from different water treatment plants. A consistent relationship was determined across a range of mobile P contents (0.23 g/m2/cm to 0.92 g/m2/cm, or 15.8 to 186.1 µg/g DW) and DWTRs. The relationship was best described as a function of the mobile P content of the sediment and the oxalate-extractable aluminum content of the DWTR. An empirical model was developed to predict the immediate reduction in mobile P following the addition of DWTR containing aluminum. This model was validated using two additional lake sediments and one additional DWTR (R² = 0.995). Thus, the immediate inactivation of P in lake sediment following DWTR addition can be predicted with this model, which can be used with internal P loading or other water quality goals to determine an appropriate DWTR dose. Further recommendations were made about dosing DWTRs for lake restoration, allowing practitioners to use DWTR to inactivate P in lake sediment without conducting individual sorption experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony C Kuster
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Brian J Huser
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Santanu Patra
- Environmental Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Surapol Padungthon
- Environmental Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
| | - Anootnara T Kuster
- Department of Environmental Health and Occupational Health and Safety, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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5
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Huang C, Yuan N, He X, Wang C. Ceramsite made from drinking water treatment residue for water treatment: A critical review in association with typical ceramsite making. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 328:117000. [PMID: 36502704 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.117000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The use of ceramsite to construct filtration systems (e.g., biofilters) is a common method for water treatment. To promote such applications, the development of low-cost, high-performance, and environmentally friendly ceramsites has received increasing attention from scientists, and a critical step in the development is the preparation of raw materials. As an inevitable and non-hazardous by-product during potable water production, drinking water treatment residue (DWTR) is typically recycled to make water treatment ceramsite to promote recycling in filtration systems. This study aims to bridge the knowledge gap regarding DWTR in making ceramsites for water treatment. The results suggest that the fabrication methods for DWTR-based ceramsite can be generally classified into sintering and non-sintering procedures. For the sintering method, owing to the heterogeneous properties (especially aluminum, iron, and calcium), DWTR has been applied as various sub-ingredients for raw materials preparations. In contrast, for the non-sintering method, DWTR is commonly applied as the main ingredient, and natural curing, physical crosslinking, and thermal treatment methods have been typically adopted to make ceramsite. However, DWTR-based ceramsites tend to have a high adsorption capability and favorable microbial effects to control different kinds of pollution (e.g., phosphorus, nitrogen, and organic matter). Future work is typically recommended to thoroughly evaluate the performance of DWTR-based ceramsite-constructed filtration systems to control water pollution concerning the making procedures, the potential to control pollution, the stability, and the safety of raw DWTR-based ceramsite, providing systematic information to design more proper planning for beneficial recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Nannan Yuan
- School of Electronic Information, Nanjing Vocational College of Information Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaosong He
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Changhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
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Zhang S, Zhao W, Yang C, Li Y, Liu M, Meng XZ, Cai M. Assessment of currently used organochlorine pesticides in surface water and sediments in Xiangjiang river, a drinking water source in China: Occurrence and distribution characteristics under flood events. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 304:119133. [PMID: 35334348 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Xiangjiang (XJ) is a typical urban inland river that serves as a drinking water source, which may be affected by the currently used organochlorine pesticides (CUOCPs) originating from agricultural activities in the vicinity. On this basis, this study comprehensively explored the occurrence and distribution characteristics of CUOCPs in surface water and sediments under long-term precipitation and subsequent floods. Considering the low concentration of CUOCPs in water, a technique combining high-throughput organic analysis with high-volume solid phase extraction (High-throat/Hi-volume SPE) was introduced for effective analysis of CUCOPs. The results showed that the concentration of CUOCPs in the water and sediments of XJ ranged from 2.33 to 6.40 ng L-1 (average of 3.93 ± 1.15 ng L-1) and from 1.52 to 21.2 ng g-1 (average of 6.60 ± 4.31 ng g-1 dw), respectively. The distribution of CUOCPs in water was consistent throughout XJ, but that in sediments was not uniform, indicating a stronger impact of floods on water than on sediments. Water-sediment partition coefficients were generally >2 L g-1, showing a tendency of CUOCP dominance in sediments. The results of principal component analysis and cluster analysis showed that the occurrence of CUOCPs is significantly affected by exogenous disturbance, which could be flood events; meanwhile, clusters of CUOCPs were found in both water and sediments in the source-limited middle reaches in urban areas. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that CUOCP occurrences were not positively correlated with nutrient elements (nitrogen and phosphorus), but related to pH and dissolved oxygen (DO), indicating complex sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; Ministry of Natural Resources Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai, 200136, China
| | - Wenyu Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, 410114, China
| | - Chao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yanxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Mengyue Liu
- School of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, 410114, China
| | - Xiang Zhou Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - MingHong Cai
- Ministry of Natural Resources Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai, 200136, China; Antarctic Great Wall Ecology National Observation and Research Station, Polar Research Institute of China, 1000 Xuelong Road, Shanghai, 201209, China; School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China.
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Wang C, Huang C, Xu H, Yuan N, Liu X, Bai L, He X, Liu R. Ceramsite production using water treatment residue as main ingredient: The key affecting factors identification. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 308:114611. [PMID: 35114517 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As an inevitable by-product of potable water production, drinking water treatment residue (DWTR) recycling to make ceramsite can provide both environmental and economic benefits in constructing filtration treatment system for water environment remediation. Given the varied properties of DWTR from different waterworks, this study aims to identify the key factors affecting ceramsite production from DWTR as main ingredient based on five different DWTR with using clay as the auxiliary material. The results showed that of sintering temperature (500-1000 °C), DWTR:clay ratio (5:5 to 9:1), sintering time (5-60 min), and granule diameter (5-15 mm), the sintering temperature was the key parameter. Increasing temperatures from 500 to 1000 °C gradually promoted DWTR sintering by enhancing Si and Al crystallization, which typically increased the formation of SiO2 and CaAl2Si2O8 crystals in ceramsite. Ceramsites made from different DWTR tended to have different properties, mainly resulting from varied contents of Si (20.2%-48.6%), K (0.0894%-2.39%), Fe (4.56%-14.3%), and loss on ignition (11.7%-39.5%). During ingredients preparation to produce up-to-standard ceramsite, supplying additional Si and diluting loss on ignition were necessary for all DWTR, while supplying K and diluting Fe may be required for specific DWTR, due to the potential varied DWTR compositions caused by different water production processes applied (e.g., type of flocculants). Further toxicity characteristic leaching procedure analysis indicated the increased leaching of Cu. However, DWTR based ceramsite was identified as non-hazardous material; even, sintering treatment reduced the leachability of Ba, Be, Cd, and Cr. DWTR based ceramsite also had relatively high specific surface area (22.1-50.5 m2/g) and could adsorb Cd, Cu, and Pb from solution. Overall, based on appropriate management, DWTR can be recycled as the main ingredient in the production of ceramsite for water environment remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Chenghao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Huacheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Nannan Yuan
- School of Electronic Information, Nanjing Vocational College of Information Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Liu
- College of Biology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Leilei Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Xiaosong He
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; College of Biology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China; Xuzhou Xinsheng Luyuan Cyclic Economy Industrial Investment & Development Co. Ltd., Xuzhou, 221003, China
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Kuster AC, Huser BJ, Thongdamrongtham S, Padungthon S, Junggoth R, Kuster AT. Drinking water treatment residual as a ballast to sink Microcystis cyanobacteria and inactivate phosphorus in tropical lake water. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 207:117792. [PMID: 34717209 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The combination of a low dose of coagulant with a ballast that can inactive phosphorus (P) in lake sediment-a technique known as "flock and lock"-is one method for restoration of eutrophic lakes. The effectiveness of a drinking water treatment residual (DWTR) as a ballast in flock and lock was assessed using assays of eutrophic lake water from Thailand dominated by Microcystis aeruginosa cyanobacteria colonies by measuring changes in chlorophyll-a, pH, and zeta potential. P sorption isotherms were developed from long-term batch equilibrium experiments; desorption of nutrients and metals was assessed via leaching experiments; and morphological changes to cellular structure were assessed using scanning electron microscopy. Results showed that combining DWTR with a low dose of aluminum sulfate (0.6-4.0 mg Al/L) effectively sank 74-96% of Microcystis, with DWTR dose (50-400 mg/L), initial chlorophyll-a concentration (92-976 µg/L), pH (7.4-9.3), and alkalinity (99-108 ppm CaCO3) identified as factors significantly associated with sinking efficacy. P sorption capacity of the DWTR (7.12 mg/g) was significantly higher than a local soil (0.33 mg/g), enabling the DWTR to inactivate P in lake sediment. Desorption of Al, Fe, Ca and N from the DWTR was estimated to contribute to a marginal increase in concentrations of those compounds in the water column of a small shallow lake (1.2, 0.66, 53.4, and 0.07 µg/L, respectively) following a simulated application. Therefore, pre-treated DWTRs may be a viable alternative ballast in the flock and lock approach to lake restoration, supplementing or replacing modified local soils or lanthanum modified clays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony C Kuster
- Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Brian J Huser
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Surapol Padungthon
- Environmental Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Rittirong Junggoth
- Department of Environmental Health and Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Anootnara T Kuster
- Department of Environmental Health and Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
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Washing and Heat Treatment of Aluminum-Based Drinking Water Treatment Residuals to Optimize Phosphorus Sorption and Nitrogen Leaching: Considerations for Lake Restoration. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13182465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Drinking water treatment residuals (DWTRs) generated during drinking water treatment have been proposed for use in lake restoration as a solid-phase sorbent to inactivate phosphorus (P) in lake sediment. However, treatments that minimize leaching of nitrogen (N) and optimize P sorption capacity may be necessary prior to use. This study assessed seven different treatment methods, including washing and heat treatments at different temperatures and with and without oxygen limitation, among two DWTRs from Thailand. Results showed that oxygen-limited heat treatment at 600 °C substantially reduced N leaching (<0.2 mg/kg TKN) while also improving P sorption capacity (increase of 18–32% compared to untreated DWTR) to a maximum of 45.7 mg P/kg. Washing with deionized water reduced N leaching if a sufficient volume was used but did not improve P sorption. Heating at 200 °C with or without the presence of oxygen did not improve N leaching or P sorption. Regression of P sorption parameters from a two-surface Langmuir isotherm against physio-chemical properties indicated that oxalate-extractable (i.e., amorphous) aluminum and iron were significantly associated with total P sorption capacity (R2 = 0.94), but micropores and oxalate-extractable P modulated the P sorption from high-affinity to low-affinity mechanisms. In conclusion, this study confirmed the importance of amorphous aluminum in DWTRs for inactivating P, and the results suggest that high-temperature treatment under oxygen-limited conditions may be the most reliable way to optimize DWTRs for environmental remediation applications.
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