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Lu J, Newham M, Chuang A, Burton J, Garzon-Garcia A, Burford MA. Factors driving impacts of different nitrogen sources on freshwater and marine green algae. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 208:116991. [PMID: 39332336 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 09/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/29/2024]
Abstract
The response of marine and freshwater algal species to both point and non-point sources of nitrogen have not been directly compared. We compared the photosynthetic yield response (Fv/Fm) of nitrogen-starved freshwater and marine green microalgae after a 3-day exposure to fourteen treated wastewater and nine aquaculture farm effluent as well as twenty-three soil erosion sources. The combination of inorganic and organic nutrients, organic carbon, and carbon-to‑nitrogen ratios were most highly correlated with algal responses across all nitrogen sources (R2 = 0.69 for the freshwater species, and 0.63 for the marine species). The marine algal response also correlated with ammonium de-sorbed from sediment upon contact with marine waters. Our study highlights that organic carbon and salinity affect the bioavailability of nutrient sources for microalgae, although the mechanisms remain unclear. This provides new insights relevant to managing nitrogen pollution in both freshwater and coastal environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lu
- Australian Rivers Institute, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia.
| | - Michael Newham
- Department of Environment, Science and Innovation, GPO Box 2454, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Ann Chuang
- Australian Rivers Institute, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Joanne Burton
- Council of Mayors, South East Queensland, PO Box 12995, George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4003, Australia
| | - Alexandra Garzon-Garcia
- Australian Rivers Institute, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia; Department of Environment, Science and Innovation, GPO Box 2454, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Michele A Burford
- Australian Rivers Institute, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia; School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
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Zafar AM, Aly Hassan A. Seawater biodesalination treatment using Phormidium keutzingianum in attached growth-packed bed continuous flow stirred tank reactor. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 236:116784. [PMID: 37517498 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Water scarcity is increasing worldwide due to rising population which is creating opportunities to unlock alternative green desalination techniques for seawater, such as biodesalination. Therefore, this study presents the utilization of the Phormidium keutzingianum strain in an attached growth-packed bed reactor to treat seawater in real-time in a continuous-flow stirred tank reactor for biodesalination. Two reactors were designed and developed, in which zeolites were used as the support media for the attached growth. The experiment was conducted in an open outdoor environment with a continuous air flow rate of 3 mL/min and two hydraulic retention times (HRT) of 7 and 15 d. Parameters such as the pH, chloride ion concentration, total organic carbon (TOC), and optical density were monitored regularly. The pH change was not significant in either reactor and remained within the range of 7.25-8.0. Chloride ion removal was the most crucial component of biodesalination efficiency, with d 7 removal efficiencies of approximately 40% and 32% for reactors 1 and 2, respectively. Reactor 1 exhibited a TOC reduction of 36% within the first 10 d at a HRT of 7, and when the HRT was set to 15 d, a TOC removal efficiency of 89% was achieved on d 53. For reactor 2, a TOC removal efficiency of approximately 81% was achieved on d 11 at HRT 7, and it reduced to less than 50% at an HRT of 15. The chloride ion and TOC removal phenomena were similar in both reactors. The optical density (OD) showed low measurement recordings, ranging from 0.005 to 0.01, indicating low cell detachment in the seawater effluent. Therefore, using the attached growth method for the biodesalination of seawater is feasible. Furthermore, biomass harvesting in attached growth systems is easier than that in suspension growth systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Mannan Zafar
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, 15551, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Ashraf Aly Hassan
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, 15551, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; National Water and Energy Center (NWEC), United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, 15551, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
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Biodesalination performance of Phormidium keutzingianum concentrated using two methods (immobilization and centrifugation). ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Zafar AM, Javed MA, Aly Hassan A, Sahle-Demessie E, Harmon S. Biodesalination using halophytic cyanobacterium Phormidium keutzingianum from brackish to the hypersaline water. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:136082. [PMID: 36028126 PMCID: PMC10875329 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The biodesalination potential at different levels of salinity of Phormidium keutzingianum (P. keutzingianum) was investigated. A wide range of salinity from brackish to hypersaline water was explored in this study to ensure the adaptability of P. keutzingianum in extreme stress conditions. Brackish to hypersaline salt solutions were tested at selected NaCl concentrations 10, 30, 50, and 70 g.L-1. Chloride, pH, nitrate, and phosphate were the main parameters measured throughout the duration of the experiment. Biomass growth estimation revealed that the studied strain is adaptable to all the salinities inoculated. During the first growth phase (till day 20), chloride ion was removed up to 43.52% and 45.69% in 10 and 30 g.L-1 of salinity, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry analysis performed on P. keutzingianum showed the presence of active functional groups at all salinity levels, which resulted in biosorption leading to the bioaccumulation process. Samples for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis supported with electron dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis (EDS) showed NaCl on samples already on day 0. This ensures the occurrence of the biosorption process. SEM-EDS results on 10th d showed evidence of additional ions deposited on the outer surface of P. keutzingianum. Calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, chloride, phosphorus, and iron were indicated in SEM-EDS analysis proving the occurrence of the biomineralization process. These findings confirmed that P. keutzingianum showed biomass production, biosorption, bioaccumulation, and biomineralization in all salinities; hence, the strain affirms the biodesalination process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Mannan Zafar
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department and National Water & Energy Center, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, 15551, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Muhammad Asad Javed
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department and National Water & Energy Center, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, 15551, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Ashraf Aly Hassan
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department and National Water & Energy Center, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, 15551, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Endalkachew Sahle-Demessie
- Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Responses, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, 45268, USA.
| | - Stephen Harmon
- Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Responses, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, 45268, USA.
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Ghalhari MA, Mafigholami R, Takdastan A, Khoshmaneshzadeh B. Optimization of the biological salt removal process from artificial industrial wastewater with high TDS by Spirulina microalga using the response surface method. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2022; 86:1168-1180. [PMID: 36358053 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2022.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the direct applicability of Spirulina maxima as a new conceptual method for removing total dissolved solids (TDS) from artificial industrial wastewater (AIW). In this study, live microalgal cells were used in a photobioreactor for TDS removal. The effects of TDS levels, pH, light intensity, and light retention time on microalgal growth and TDS removal were investigated, and optimal conditions were determined using the response surface method and Box-Behnken Design (RSM-BBD). The calculated values of coefficient of determination (R2), adjusted R2, and predicted R2 were 0.9754, 0.9508, and 0.636, respectively, which are close to the R2 values and validated the proposed statistical model. A second-order model could optimally determine the interactions between the studied variables according to the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that increasing TDS levels reduced microalgal growth and TDS removal efficiency in AIW. S. maxima reduced TDS by 76% and 47% at TDS concentrations of 2,000-4,000 mg/L, respectively, when used in AIW. Maximum biomass efficiency (1.8 g/L) was obtained at a TDS concentration of 2,000 mg/L with other parameters optimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Asadi Ghalhari
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, West Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran E-mail:
| | - Roya Mafigholami
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, West Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran E-mail:
| | - Afshin Takdastan
- Environmental Technology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Behnoosh Khoshmaneshzadeh
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, West Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran E-mail:
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Li Y, Yang Z, Yang K, Wei J, Li Z, Ma C, Yang X, Wang T, Zeng G, Yu G, Yu Z, Zhang C. Removal of chloride from water and wastewater: Removal mechanisms and recent trends. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 821:153174. [PMID: 35051452 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Increased chloride concentration can cause salinization, which has become a serious and widespread environmental problem nowadays. This review aims at providing comprehensive and state-of-the-art knowledge and insights of technologies for chloride removal. Mechanisms for chloride removal mainly include chemical precipitation, adsorption, oxidation and membrane separation. In chemical precipitation, chloride removal by forming CuCl, AgCl, BiOCl and Friedel's salt. Adsorbents used in chloride removal mainly include ion exchangers, bimetal oxides and carbon-based electrodes. Oxidation for chloride removal contains ozone-based, electrochemical and sulfate radical-based oxidation. Membrane separation for chloride removal consists of diffusion dialysis, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis and electrodialysis. In this review, we specifically proposed the factors that affect chloride removal process and the corresponding strategies for improving removal efficiency. In the last section, the remaining challenges of method explorations and material developments were stated to provide guidelines for future development of chloride removal technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Zhongzhu Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Kaihua Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Jingjing Wei
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Zihao Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Chi Ma
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Xu Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Tantan Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Guanlong Yu
- School of Hydraulic Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410014, PR China
| | - Zhigang Yu
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Chang Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
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