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Yan X, An J, He W, Zhou Q. Environmental factors influencing the soil-air partitioning of semi-volatile petroleum hydrocarbons: Laboratory measurements and optimization model. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 926:171953. [PMID: 38537825 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The soil-air partition coefficient (KSA) values are commonly utilized to examine the fate of organic contaminants in soils; however, their measurement has been lacking for semi-volatile petroleum hydrocarbons within soil contaminated by crude oil. This research utilized a solid-phase fugacity meter to determine the KSA values of n-alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) under crucial environmental conditions. The results showed a notable increase in KSA values with the extent of crude oil contamination in soil. Specifically, in the 3 % crude oil treatment, the KSA values for n-alkanes and PAHs increased by 1.16 and 0.66 times, respectively, compared to the 1 % crude oil treatment. However, the KSA values decreased with changes in temperature, water content, and particle size within the specified experimental range. Among these factors, temperature played a significant role. The KSA values for n-alkanes and PAHs decreased by 0.27-0.89 and 0.61-0.83 times, respectively, with a temperature increase from 5 °C to 35 °C. Moreover, the research identified that the molecular weight of n-alkanes and PAHs contributed to variations in KSA values under identical environmental factors. With an increase in temperature from 5 °C to 35 °C, the range of n-alkanes present in the air phase expanded from C11 to C34, and PAHs showed elevated levels of acenaphthene (ACE) and benzo (b) fluoranthene (BbFA). Furthermore, heightened water content and particle size were observed to facilitate the volatilization of low molecular weight petroleum hydrocarbons. The effect of environmental variables on soil-air partitioning was evaluated using the Box-Behnken design (BBD) model, resulting in the attainment of the lowest log KSA values. These results illustrate that soil-air partitioning is a complex process influenced by various factors. In conclusion, this study improves our comprehension and predictive capabilities concerning the behavior and fate of n-alkanes and PAHs within soil-air systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxiu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing An
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Contaminated Soil Remediation by Bio-physicochemical Synergistic Process, Shenyang 110142, China.
| | - Wenxiang He
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Qixing Zhou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
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Zhang T, Chen Y, Wang T, Liu C, He D, Liu B, Liu Y. Efficient removal of petroleum hydrocarbons from soil by percarbonate with catechin-promoted Fe(III)/Fe(II) redox cycling: Activation of ferrous and roles of ·OH and ·CO 3. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 448:130875. [PMID: 36731317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Advanced oxidation processes are widely used to remove petroleum hydrocarbons from soil, but usually consume large quantities of ferrous and acidify the soil. This study tested an advanced oxidation approach based on percarbonate in laboratory experiments. It removed 88% petroleum hydrocarbons in soil with a pH increase from 8.2 to 10.2. ·OH and ·CO3- were the main reactive species, and degraded 41% and 37% PHCs from soil respectively. The o-dihydroxybenzene structure in catechin was found to reduce ferric to ferrous, and prolong the generation of ·OH from 120 s to over 1800 s. The petroleum hydrocarbons were degraded to intermediates including alkanes and olefins through hydrogen-abstraction by ·OH and ·CO3-, and by dimerization and β-scission of alkyl radicals. These intermediates were then oxidized to CO2 and H2O by ·OH and ·CO3-. The main residual intermediates in the soil were low-molecular-weight n-alkanes and branched alkanes, and they were found to inhibit the growth of oats (Avena sativa L.) much less than the original petroleum hydrocarbons. These findings provide a fundamental basis for designing effective technologies which use percarbonate to remove organic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Dan He
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
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Shang Z, Xu P, Ke Z, Yao M, Li X. Diesel removal and recovery from heavily diesel-contaminated soil based on three-liquid-phase equilibria of diesel + 2-butyloxyethanol + water. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 442:130061. [PMID: 36182881 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Diesel contamination poses a serious threat to ecosystem and human health. This study proposes a novel method for simultaneous diesel removal and recovery from heavily diesel-contaminated soil by washing based on three-liquid-phase equilibria of diesel+2-butoxyethanol+water. This work covers both theoretical-cum-experimental explorations. For this brand-new ternary three-liquid-phase system (TPS), Ternary-Gibbs and Fish-Shaped phase diagrams were constructed through the phase behavior investigation to provide theoretical support for diesel removal/recovery. As the experiment demonstrated, the removal efficiency was up to 87.5 % for the contaminated soil with diesel content of 226,723 mg/kg, and the recovery rate reached 73.8 %. In addition, the TPS could also be used continuously during the washing process while avoiding solution purification, and the detached diesel would automatically float into the top phase without complicated separation. The mechanism of diesel removal was determined as the surface "stripping" effect based on ultralow interfacial tension, and the enhanced process involved "stripping+dissolution". The treated soil contained almost negligible organic solvent residue and was therefore appropriate for plant cultivation. The recovered diesel exhibited less variation from commercial diesel in composition and properties, possessing a higher potential for reuse. Moreover, this study also provided key insights into the residual mechanisms of recalcitrant hydrocarbons in the soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Shang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Pan Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Zhenyu Ke
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Meiling Yao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Xinxue Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China.
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Vu KA, Mulligan CN. Utilization of a biosurfactant foam/nanoparticle mixture for treatment of oil pollutants in soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:88618-88629. [PMID: 35834082 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21938-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Oil contamination has become a primary environmental concern due to increased exploration, production, and use. When oil enters the soil, it may attach or adsorb to soil particles and stay in the soil for an extended period, contaminating the soil and surrounding areas. Nanoparticles have been widely used for the treatment of organic pollutants in the soil. Surfactant foam has effectively been employed to remediate various soil contaminants or recover oil compounds. In this research, a mixture of biosurfactant foam/nanoparticle was utilized for remediation of oil-contaminated soil. The results demonstrated that the biosurfactant/nanoparticle mixture and nitrogen gas formed high-quality and stable foams. The foam stability depended on the foam quality, biosurfactant concentration, and nanoparticle dosage. The pressure gradient change in the soil column relied on the flowrate (N2 gas + surfactant/nanoparticle mixture), foam quality, and biosurfactant concentration. The optimal conditions to obtain good quality and stable foams and high oil removal efficiency involved 1 vol% rhamnolipid, 1 wt% nanoparticle, and 1 mL/min flowrate. Biosurfactant foam/nanoparticle mixture was effectively used to remediate oil-contaminated soil, whereas the highest treatment efficiency was 67%, 59%, and 52% for rhamnolipid biosurfactant foam/nanoparticle, rhamnolipid biosurfactant/nanoparticle, and only rhamnolipid biosurfactant, respectively. The oil removal productivity decreased with the increase of flowrate due to the shorter contact time between the foam mixture and oil droplets. The breakthrough curves of oil pollutants in the soil column also suggested that the foam mixture's maximum oil treatment efficiency was higher than biosurfactant/nanoparticle suspension and only biosurfactant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kien A Vu
- Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, H3G 1M8, Canada
| | - Catherine N Mulligan
- Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, H3G 1M8, Canada.
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Ma M, Chen Y, Su R, Liu Z, He J, Zhou W, Gu M, Yan M, Li Q. In situ synthesis of Fe-N co-doped carbonaceous nanocomposites using biogas residue as an effective persulfate activator for remediation of aged petroleum contaminated soils. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 435:128963. [PMID: 35486999 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Persulfate (PS)-based chemical oxidation is an effective method for the remediation of petroleum-contaminated soils, but higher concentrations of PS (3-40%) may lead to soil acidification (pH decreased by 1.8-6.2 units) and affect the microbial communities. In this study, Fe/N co-doped carbonaceous nanocomposites (Fe-N @ CN) that can efficiently activate PS were developed from biogas residue for the remediation of petroleum-contaminated soil. The as-obtained Fe-N@CN displayed that the Fe-based nanoparticles were encapsulated in graphitic nanosheets, with Fe3C and FeN0.0760 as the main bonding modes. The removal efficiency of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) reached 73.14% in 3 days with a PS dose of 2% and catalyst dose of 0.4%, and increased by 15.8% on adding 30 mmol/kg of β-cyclodextrin. The free-radical quenching experiment and electron paramagnetic resonance revealed that SO4·-,·OH, O2·-, and 1O2 were involved in the removal of TPHs. Because of the low PS dosage, the remediation process had no significant effect on the soil pH. During the remediation process, soil catalase activity was enhanced and then recovered, whereas the soil bacterial community, reflected by the operational taxonomic unit values, decreased and then recovered. TPH-degrading bacteria were produced in the Fe-N@CN/PS/soil system after chemical oxidation, further contributing to soil remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Ma
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266200, PR China
| | - Yi Chen
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266200, PR China
| | - Ruidian Su
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266200, PR China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266200, PR China
| | - Jinkai He
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266200, PR China
| | - Weizhi Zhou
- School of Civil Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Meixia Gu
- Sinopec Petroleum Engineering & Design Co., Ltd., Dongying 257100, PR China
| | - Maolu Yan
- Shandong Eco-Homeland Environmental Protection Co., Jinan 250000, PR China
| | - Qian Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266200, PR China.
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