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Mentes D, Jordán A, Farkas L, Muránszky G, Fiser B, Viskolcz B, Póliska C. Evaluating emissions and air quality implications of residential waste incineration. Sci Rep 2024; 14:21314. [PMID: 39266580 PMCID: PMC11393318 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-72173-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In Europe mainly at winter season the PM levels exceed air quality limits, which correlated with the operation of solid-fired boilers. More and more people are returning to using these devices due to energy shortage caused by the pandemic and regional conflicts. In addition, the phenomena of co-burning fuels and municipal waste in residential boilers in primarily fuel poverty households increases further the amount of pollutants in the atmosphere. This study aims to correlate the quantity and quality of air pollutants with the type of fuel (wood and wastes) burned. Combustion experiments were conducted using oak fuel mixed with three waste groups: (1) plastics (PP, HDPE, PET); (2) textiles (polyester-PES, cotton-COT); and (3) papers (cardboard-CARD, glossy coated paper-GCP, 84C/PAP). The addition of waste to wood fuel altered the morphology of emitted particles. While waste burning doesn't always increase particle quantity, it significantly raises PAH concentrations. A strong relationship exists between waste type, particle morphology, and PAH quality, where with lower molecular weight PAHs linked to tar agglomerates and higher ones to soot agglomerates with inorganic crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dóra Mentes
- Institute of Energy and Quality, University of Miskolc, 3515, Miskolc, Miskolc-Egyetemváros, Hungary.
- Higher Education and Industrial Cooperation Centre, University of Miskolc, 3515, Miskolc-Egyetemváros, Hungary.
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Miskolc, 3515, Miskolc, Miskolc-Egyetemváros, Hungary.
| | - Anikó Jordán
- Higher Education and Industrial Cooperation Centre, University of Miskolc, 3515, Miskolc-Egyetemváros, Hungary
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Miskolc, 3515, Miskolc, Miskolc-Egyetemváros, Hungary
| | - László Farkas
- Higher Education and Industrial Cooperation Centre, University of Miskolc, 3515, Miskolc-Egyetemváros, Hungary
| | - Gábor Muránszky
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Miskolc, 3515, Miskolc, Miskolc-Egyetemváros, Hungary
| | - Béla Fiser
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Miskolc, 3515, Miskolc, Miskolc-Egyetemváros, Hungary.
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
- Ferenc Rakoczi II Transcarpathian Hungarian College of Higher Education, Beregszász, 90200, Transcarpathia, Ukraine.
| | - Béla Viskolcz
- Higher Education and Industrial Cooperation Centre, University of Miskolc, 3515, Miskolc-Egyetemváros, Hungary
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Miskolc, 3515, Miskolc, Miskolc-Egyetemváros, Hungary
| | - Csaba Póliska
- Institute of Energy and Quality, University of Miskolc, 3515, Miskolc, Miskolc-Egyetemváros, Hungary
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Na M, Zhao Y, Rina S, Wang R, Liu X, Tong Z, Zhang J. Residues, potential source and ecological risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface water of the East Liao River, Jilin Province, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 886:163977. [PMID: 37164080 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The environmental risks posed by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and the diversity of their anthropogenic origins make them a global issue. Therefore, it is of utmost significance for protecting the aquatic environment and the growth of neighboring populations to identify their possible origins and ecological risk. Here, we detail the contamination profiles of 15 PAHs found in the East Liao River's surface waters in Jilin Province and use the receptor model Absolute Principal Component Analysis - Multiple Linear Regression (APCS-MLR) and diagnostic ratios method to identify the primary potential sources of pollution. Based on the natural hazard risk formation theory (NHRFT), an ecological risk assessment (ERA) model for PAHs in the East Liao River was developed. The method assesses the ecological risk status of PAHs by integrating the risk quotient (RQ) approach and the DPSIRM (driving force, pressure, state, impact, response, management) conceptual framework. Total concentrations in the surface water body were between 396.42 and 624.06 ng/L, with an average of 436.99 ng/L. The source research revealed that coal, biomass, and traffic emission sources are the most likely PAH contributors to the East Liao River. The ERA found that the majority of the sites' locations of the study were at low risk for PAHs in surface water bodies (30.7 % and 32.2 %, respectively), while only a tiny percentage of sites were at high or very high risk (1.8 % and 13.6 %). The study results provide theoretical support for the East Liao River's ecological, environmental protection, and policy formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mula Na
- College of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; Department of Environment, Institute of Natural Hazards, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yunmeng Zhao
- College of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; Department of Environment, Institute of Natural Hazards, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Su Rina
- College of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; Department of Environment, Institute of Natural Hazards, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; Department of Environment, Institute of Natural Hazards, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xingpeng Liu
- College of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; Department of Environment, Institute of Natural Hazards, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Zhijun Tong
- College of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; Department of Environment, Institute of Natural Hazards, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Jiquan Zhang
- College of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; Department of Environment, Institute of Natural Hazards, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130024, China.
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