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Wang L, Zhou H, Fei C. Substituting partial chemical nitrogen fertilizers with organic fertilizers maintains grain yield and increases nitrogen use efficiency in maize. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1442123. [PMID: 39359629 PMCID: PMC11446218 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1442123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Long-term application of excessive nitrogen (N) not only leads to low N use efficiency (NUE) but also exacerbates the risk of environmental pollution due to N losses. Substituting partial chemical N with organic fertilizer (SP) is an environmentally friendly and sustainable fertilization practice. However, the appropriate rate of SP in rainfed maize cropping systems in semi-arid regions of China is unknown. Methods Therefore, we conducted a field experiment between 2021 and 2022 in a semi-arid region of Northern China to investigate the effects of SP on maize growth, carbon and N metabolism (C/NM), and NUE. The following treatments were used in the experiment: no N application (CK), 100% chemical N (SP0, 210 kg N ha-1), and SP substituting 15% (SP1), 30% (SP2), 45% (SP3), and 60% (SP4) of the chemical N. The relationship between these indicators and grain yield (GY) was explored using the Mantel test and structural equation modeling (SEM). Results and discussion The results found that the SP1 and SP2 treatments improved the assimilates production capacity of the canopy by increasing the leaf area index, total chlorophyll content, and net photosynthetic rate, improving dry matter accumulation (DMA) by 6.2%-10.6%, compared to the SP0 treatment. SP1 and SP2 treatments increased total soluble sugars, starch, free amino acids, and soluble protein contents in ear leaves via increasing the enzymatic reactions related to C/NM in ear leaves during the reproductive growth stage compared with SP0 treatment. The highest plant nitrogen uptake (PNU) and nitrogen recovery efficiency were obtained under the SP2 treatment, and the GY and nitrogen agronomic efficiency were higher than the SP0 treatment by 9.2% and 27.8%. However, SP3 and SP4 treatments reduced DMA and GY by inhibiting C/NM in ear leaves compared to SP0 treatment. Mantel test and SEM results revealed that SP treatments indirectly increased GY and PNU by directly positively regulating C/NM in maize ear leaves. Therefore, in the semi-arid regions, substituting 30% of the chemical N with SP could be considered. This fertilizer regime may avoid GY reduction and improve NUE. This study provides new insights into sustainable cultivation pathways for maize in semi-arid regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Agronomy College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hongliang Zhou
- Agronomy College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Cong Fei
- Department of Life Sciences, Yuncheng University, Yuncheng, Shanxi, China
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He L, Wang Y, Xi B, Zhao X, Cai D, Sun Y, Du Y, Zhang C. Synergistic removal of total petroleum hydrocarbons and antibiotic resistance genes in Yellow River Delta wetlands contaminated soil composting regulated by biogas slurry addition. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118724. [PMID: 38518917 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
The interactive effects between the emerging contaminant antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and the traditional pollutant total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) in contaminated soils remain unclear. The synergistic removal of TPHs and ARGs from composted contaminated soil, along with the microbial mechanisms driven by the addition of biogas slurry, have not yet been investigated. This study explored the impact of biogas slurry on the synergistic degradation mechanisms and bacterial community dynamics of ARGs and TPHs in compost derived from contaminated soil. The addition of biogas slurry resulted in a reduction of targeted ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) by 9.96%-95.70% and 13.32%-97.66%, respectively. Biogas slurry changed the succession of bacterial communities during composting, thereby reducing the transmission risk of ARGs. Pseudomonas, Cellvibrio, and Devosia were identified as core microorganisms in the synergistic degradation of ARGs and TPHs. According to the partial least squares path model, temperature and NO3- indirectly influenced the removal of ARGs and TPHs by directly regulating the abundance and composition of host microbes and MGEs. In summary, the results of this study contribute to the high-value utilization of biogas slurry and provide methodological support for the low-cost remediation of contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangzi He
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Identification and Risk Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Identification and Risk Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541000, China
| | - Beidou Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Identification and Risk Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Identification and Risk Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Danmei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Identification and Risk Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yiwen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Identification and Risk Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yuewei Du
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Identification and Risk Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Chuanyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Identification and Risk Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541000, China
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Liang X, Wang H, Wang C, Wang H, Yao Z, Qiu X, Ju H, Wang J. Unraveling the relationship between soil carbon-degrading enzyme activity and carbon fraction under biogas slurry topdressing. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 356:120641. [PMID: 38513586 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Biogas slurry, a by-product of the anaerobic digestion of biomass waste, predominantly consisting of livestock and poultry manure, is widely acclaimed as a sustainable organic fertilizer owing to its abundant reserves of essential nutrients. Its distinctive liquid composition, when tactfully integrated with a drip irrigation system, unveils immense potential, offering unparalleled convenience in application. In this study, we investigated the impact of biogas slurry topdressing as a replacement for chemical fertilizer (BSTR) on soil total organic carbon (TOC) fractions and carbon (C)-degrading enzyme activities across different soil depths (surface, sub-surface, and deep) during the tasseling (VT) and full maturity stage (R6) of maize. BSTR increased the TOC content within each soil layer during both VT and R6 periods, inducing alterations in the content and proportion of individual C component, particularly in the topsoil. Notably, the pure biogas slurry topdressing treatment (100%BS) compared with the pure chemical fertilizer topdressing treatment (CF), exhibited a 38.9% increase in the labile organic carbon of the topsoil during VT, and a 30.3% increase in the recalcitrant organic carbon during R6, facilitating microbial nutrient utilization and post-harvest C storage during the vigorous growth period of maize. Furthermore, BSTR treatment stimulated the activity of oxidative and hydrolytic C-degrading enzymes, with the 100%BS treatment showcasing the most significant enhancements, with its average geometric enzyme activity surpassing that of CF treatment by 27.9% and 27.4%, respectively. This enhancement facilitated ongoing and efficient degradation and transformation of C. Additionally, we screened for C components and C-degrading enzymes that are relatively sensitive to BSTR. The study highlight the advantages of employing pure biogas slurry topdressing, which enhances C component and C-degrading enzyme activity, thereby reducing the risk of soil degradation. This research lays a solid theoretical foundation for the rational recycling of biogas slurry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Liang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, Xinjiang, 831100, China; Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Hang Wang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Chuanjuan Wang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, Xinjiang, 831100, China; Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Haitao Wang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zonglu Yao
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xuefeng Qiu
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hui Ju
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jiandong Wang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, Xinjiang, 831100, China; Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Liang H, Yao Y, Fu Y, Wang X, Jin G, Bao Y, Wang H. Concentrated biogas slurry and biogas residue can improve the yield and quality of pepper. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38442739 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2024.2325380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
The organic fertilizer (biogas slurry and biogas residues) was produced by the self-developed integrated device of "Pressure swirl / inclined plate sedimentation separation pretreatment (P/I) combined with ultrafiltration / reverse osmosis two stages membrane separation (UF/RO)". The paper focuses on the effect of concentrated biogas slurry and biogas residue produced by this technology on the yield and quality (vitamin C, soluble sugar, protein and nitrate content) of pepper as organic fertilizer compared with chemical fertilizer. The concentrated biogas slurry and biogas residue separated by this technology contained active substances such as N, P, K, trace elements and humic acids with stable composition and potential for good fertilization efficiency. The experiment of seed soaking for pepper sprouting confirmed the best effect of seed soaking with a concentration of 80% biogas slurry. Compared with chemical fertilizer treatment, the application of concentrated biogas slurry and biogas residue can improve the yield and quality of pepper, which is related to the nutrient elements in concentrated digestate. Meanwhile, the results of pepper cultivation trials show that the base fertilizer treatment of biogas residue is best with 2000kg/667m2 and foliar spraying of 75% biogas slurry. The results strongly demonstrate the great potential of the concentrated biogas slurry and biogas residue produced by the self-developed digestate concentration technology for pepper cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haodong Liang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Inner Mongolia, Hohhot, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Yao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Inner Mongolia, Hohhot, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Fu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Inner Mongolia, Hohhot, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Inner Mongolia, Hohhot, People's Republic of China
| | - Genuofu Jin
- DeWo Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Inner Mongolia, Hohhot, People's Republic of China
| | - Yali Bao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Inner Mongolia, Hohhot, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Inner Mongolia, Hohhot, People's Republic of China
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Zhang Q, Shi H, Zhao Y, Pu J, Peng C, Wu R, Zhang Y, Xu Z, Wang T. Effects of chitosan and rice husk powder on thermal hydrolysis-anaerobic digested sludge conditioning: Dewaterability and biogas slurry fertility. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 351:141267. [PMID: 38246498 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
To enhance the dewaterability of anaerobic digested sludge and to make full use of the biogas slurry. This study set up five sludge conditioning methods: polymeric ferric sulfate, polymeric aluminum chloride, cationic polyacrylamide, chitosan, and chitosan combined with rice husk powder. Their effects on the dewaterability of thermal hydrolysis-anaerobic digested sludge, bacterial community, and biogas slurry fertility were studied to find a non-toxic and non-risk dewatering technology for the environment and biogas slurry. Compared with that of the control group, moisture content, normalization capillary suction time, and specific resistance to filtration were reduced by 12.8%, 97.7%, and 82.9%, respectively. Chitosan enlarges the sludge flocs and forms complexes with proteins, disrupting the structure of the extracellular polymeric substances, thereby exposing more hydrophobic groups and reducing the hydrophilicity of the sludge. The subsequent addition of rice husk powder enhances the adsorption of hydrophilic substances and provides a stronger drainage channel for the sludge. In addition, the biogas slurry obtained by this conditioning method used as a fertilizer increased the dry weight and fresh weight of corn seedlings by 59.3% and 91.0%, respectively. And the total chlorophyll content increased by 84.6%. Pearson's correlation analysis showed that chitosan and rice husk meal had no toxic effect on the biogas slurry compared to the other three flocculants. The results showed that the combined treatment of chitosan and rice husk powder resulted in the best dewaterability. Overall, chitosan combined with rice husk powder is a green dewatering technology with great potential for anaerobic digested sludge dewatering and biogas slurry recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfang Zhang
- College of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Hailong Shi
- College of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Yanbin Zhao
- College of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Jiajia Pu
- College of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- College of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Ruoyu Wu
- College of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Yuqian Zhang
- College of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Ziying Xu
- College of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Tianfeng Wang
- College of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, China.
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Liang X, Wang H, Wang C, Yao Z, Qiu X, Ju H, Wang J. Disentangling the impact of biogas slurry topdressing as a replacement for chemical fertilizers on soil bacterial and fungal community composition, functional characteristics, and co-occurrence networks. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 238:117256. [PMID: 37775013 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
The application of biogas slurry topdressing with drip irrigation systems can compensate for the limitation of traditional solid organic fertilizer, which can only be applied at the bottom. Based on this, we attempted to define the response of soil bacterial and fungal communities of maize during the tasseling and full maturity stages, by using a no-topdressing control and different ratios of biogas slurry nitrogen in place of chemical fertilizer topdressing. The application of biogas slurry resulted in the emergence of new bacterial phyla led by Synergistota. Compared with pure urea chemical topdressing, the pure biogas slurry topdressing treatment significantly enriched Firmicutes and Basidiomycota communities during the tasseling stage, in addition to affecting the separation of bacterial and fungal α-diversity indices between the tasseling and full maturity stages. Based on the prediction of community composition and function, the changes in bacterial and fungal communities caused by biogas slurry treatment stimulated the ability of microorganisms to decompose refractory organic components, which was conducive to turnover in the soil carbon cycle, and improved multi-element (such as sulfur) cycles; however it may also bring potential risks of heavy metal and pathogenic microbial contamination. Notably, the biogas slurry treatment reduced the correlation and aggregation of bacterial and fungal symbiotic networks, and had a dual effect on ecological randomness. These findings contribute to a deeper comprehension of the alterations occurring in soil microbial communities when substituting chemical fertilizers treated with biogas slurry topdressing, and promote the efficient and sustainable utilization of biogas slurry resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Liang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, Xinjiang, 831100, China; Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Haitao Wang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Chuanjuan Wang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, Xinjiang, 831100, China; Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zonglu Yao
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xuefeng Qiu
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hui Ju
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jiandong Wang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Liang X, Wang C, Wang H, Qiu X, Ji H, Ju H, Wang J. Synergistic effect on soil health from combined application of biogas slurry and biochar. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 343:140228. [PMID: 37742761 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Biogas slurry and biochar, as typical by-products and derivatives of organic waste, have been applied in agricultural production to improve the soil carbon (C) pool. However, whether the combined application of biogas slurry and biochar produces synergistic effects on the soil C pool and soil health requires quantitative clarification. In this study, we performed a pot experiment to analyze the changes of soil organic carbon (SOC), potassium permanganate-oxidized carbon (POXC), mineralizable carbon (MC), soil β-glucosidase (S-β-GC), and soil protein (SP) in different treatments at the flowering and fruit-setting stages, and full fruit stage of tomato by establishing two base fertilizer modes (base fertilizer N and base biogas slurry N), three topdressing modes (topdressing chemical fertilizer N, topdressing 50% biogas slurry N + 50% chemical fertilizer N, and topdressing biogas slurry N), and two biochar levels (no addition and 3% biochar addition). During the full fruit period, the SOC content of bottom applications of biogas slurry and topdressings of biogas slurry significantly increased by 9.92-15.52% and 13.02-18.26%, respectively (P < 0.05), when compared to chemical fertilizer bottom applications and topdressings of chemical fertilizer. When compared to non-biochar treatment, the SOC content of the biochar considerably increased by 52.56-58.94% (P < 0.05). Moreover, biogas slurry treatment increased the MC, steady-state C, and C pool index, and decreased the S-β-GC, C pool efficiency, C pool activity, and C pool activity index. Application of biogas slurry initially reduced POXC, SP, the C pool management index, and the soil quality index; nonetheless, these indicators eventually recovered or even exceeded the result of single application chemical fertilizer. Overall, the combined application of biogas slurry and biochar strongly increases the soil C pool, improves soil health, and reduces the short-term negative effects of using only biogas slurry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Liang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, Xinjiang, 831100, China; Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
| | - Chuanjuan Wang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, Xinjiang, 831100, China; Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
| | - Haitao Wang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
| | - Xuefeng Qiu
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
| | - Hongxu Ji
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Hui Ju
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jiandong Wang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China.
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