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Fulke AB, Ratanpal S, Sonker S. Understanding heavy metal toxicity: Implications on human health, marine ecosystems and bioremediation strategies. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 206:116707. [PMID: 39018825 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Heavy metals are constituents of the natural environment and are of great importance to both natural and artificial processes. But in recent times the indiscriminate use of heavy metals especially for human purposes has caused an imbalance in natural geochemical cycles. This imbalance has caused contamination of heavy metals into natural resources and such as soil and a marine ecosystem. Long exposure and higher accumulation of given heavy metals are known to impose detrimental and even lethal effects on humans. Conventional remediation techniques of heavy metals provide good results but have negative side effects on surrounding environment. The role played by microbes in bioremediation of heavy metals is well reported in the literature and understanding the role of molecules in the process of metal accumulation its reduction and transformation into less hazardous state, has myriads of biotechnological implications for bioremediation of metal-contaminated sites. The current review presents the implications of heavy metals on human health and marine ecosystems, conventional methods of heavy metal removal and their side effects on the environment. Bioremediation approaches have been discussed as well in this review, proving to be a more sustainable and eco-friendly approach towards remediation of heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhay B Fulke
- Microbiology Division, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography (CSIR-NIO), Regional Centre, Lokhandwala Road, Four Bungalows, Andheri (West), Mumbai 400053, Maharashtra, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| | - Siddant Ratanpal
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Maharashtra, Mumbai 410206, India
| | - Swati Sonker
- Microbiology Division, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography (CSIR-NIO), Regional Centre, Lokhandwala Road, Four Bungalows, Andheri (West), Mumbai 400053, Maharashtra, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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Magam SM, Masood N, Alkhadher SAA, Alanazi TYA, Zakaria MP, Sidek LM, Suratman S, Alrabie NA. Seasonal variations in the distribution of aliphatic hydrocarbons in surface sediments from the Selangor River, Peninsular Malaysia's West Coast. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:38. [PMID: 38227164 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01828-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
The seasonal variation of petroleum pollution including n-alkanes in surface sediments of the Selangor River in Malaysia during all four climatic seasons was investigated using GC-MS. The concentrations of n-alkanes in the sediment samples did not significantly correlate with TOC (r = 0.34, p > 0.05). The concentrations of the 29 n-alkanes in the Selangor River ranged from 967 to 3711 µg g-1 dw, with higher concentrations detected during the dry season. The overall mean per cent of grain-sized particles in the Selangor River was 85.9 ± 2.85% sand, 13.5 ± 2.8% clay, and 0.59 ± 0.34% gravel, respectively. n-alkanes are derived from a variety of sources, including fresh oil, terrestrial plants, and heavy/degraded oil in estuaries. The results of this study highlight concerns and serve as a warning that hydrocarbon contamination is affecting human health. As a result, constant monitoring and assessment of aliphatic hydrocarbons in coastal and riverine environments are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami M Magam
- Basic Science Department, Preparatory Year, University of Ha'il, 1560, Hail City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Pollution, Faculty of Marine Science and Environment, Hodeidah University, Al Hudaydah, Yemen
| | - Najat Masood
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Ha'il, Ha'il City, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Pollution, Faculty of Marine Science and Environment, Hodeidah University, Al Hudaydah, Yemen.
| | - Sadeq A A Alkhadher
- Institute of Energy Infrastructure (IEI), Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN), Putrajaya Campus, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Yemen Standardization, Metrology and Quality Control Organization (YSMQ), Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Tahani Y A Alanazi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Ha'il, Ha'il City, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamad Pauzi Zakaria
- Associate Member, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences (IOES), University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lariyah Mohd Sidek
- Institute of Energy Infrastructure (IEI), Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN), Putrajaya Campus, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Suhaimi Suratman
- Institute of Oceanography and Environment, Universi, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus , 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Nabeel Abdullah Alrabie
- Environmental Forensics Laboratory, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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