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Ma J, Li Y, Zhou H, Qi L, Zhang Z, Zheng Y, Yu Z, Muhammad Z, Yang X, Xie Y, Chen Q, Zou P, Ma S, Li Y, Jing C. Chitooligosaccharides and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungi alleviate the damage by Phytophthora nicotianae to tobacco seedlings by inducing changes in rhizosphere microecology. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 215:108986. [PMID: 39106769 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and Chitooligosaccharide (COS) can increase the resistance of plants to disease. COS can also promote the symbiosis between AMF and plants. However, the effects of AMF & COS combined application on the rhizosphere soil microbial community of tobacco and the improvement of tobacco's resistance to black shank disease are poorly understood.·We treated tobacco with AMF, COS, and combined application of AMF & COS (AC), respectively. Then studied the incidence, physio-biochemical changes, root exudates, and soil microbial diversity of tobacco seedling that was inoculated with Phytophthora nicotianae. The antioxidant enzyme activity and root vigor of tobacco showed a regular of AC > AMF > COS > CK, while the severity of tobacco disease showed the opposite regular. AMF and COS enhance the resistance to black shank disease by enhancing root vigor, and antioxidant capacity, and inducing changes in the rhizosphere microecology of tobacco. We have identified key root exudates and critical soil microorganisms that can inhibit the growth of P. nicotianae. The presence of caprylic acid in root exudates and Bacillus (WdhR-2) in rhizosphere soil microorganisms is the key factor that inhibits P. nicotianae growth. AC can significantly increase the content of caprylic acid in tobacco root exudates compared to AMF and COS. Both AMF and COS can significantly increase the abundance of Bacillus in tobacco rhizosphere soil, but the abundance of Bacillus in AC is significantly higher than that in AMF and COS. This indicates that the combined application of AMF and COS is more effective than their individual use. These findings suggest that exogenous stimuli can induce changes in plant root exudates, regulate plant rhizosphere microbial community, and then inhibit the growth of pathogens, thereby improving plant resistance to diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqing Ma
- Marine Agriculture Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Yang Li
- Marine Agriculture Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Heng Zhou
- Yunnan Kunming Tobacco Co., Ltd, Kunming, 650400, China
| | - Lixin Qi
- Weifang Inspection and Testing Center, Weifang, 261399, China
| | - Zhifan Zhang
- Zunyi Branch, Guizhou Tobacco Company, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Yanfen Zheng
- Marine Agriculture Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Zheyan Yu
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Zeeshan Muhammad
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xia Yang
- Marine Agriculture Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Yi Xie
- Marine Agriculture Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Qianru Chen
- Marine Agriculture Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Ping Zou
- Marine Agriculture Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Siqi Ma
- Marine Agriculture Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Yiqiang Li
- Marine Agriculture Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China.
| | - Changliang Jing
- Marine Agriculture Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China.
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Xu Y, Yan Y, Zhou T, Chun J, Tu Y, Yang X, Qin J, Ou L, Ye L, Liu F. Genome-wide transcriptome and gene family analysis reveal candidate genes associated with potassium uptake of maize colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:838. [PMID: 39242995 PMCID: PMC11378567 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05398-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Potassium (K) is an essential nutrient for plant growth and development. Maize (Zea mays) is a widely planted crops in the world and requires a huge amount of K fertilizer. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are closely related to the K uptake of maize. Genetic improvement of maize K utilization efficiency will require elucidating the molecular mechanisms of maize K uptake through the mycorrhizal pathway. Here, we employed transcriptome and gene family analysis to elucidate the mechanism influencing the K uptake and utilization efficiency of mycorrhizal maize. METHODS AND RESULTS The transcriptomes of maize were studied with and without AMF inoculation and under different K conditions. AM symbiosis increased the K concentration and dry weight of maize plants. RNA sequencing revealed that genes associated with the activity of the apoplast and nutrient reservoir were significantly enriched in mycorrhizal roots under low-K conditions but not under high-K conditions. Weighted gene correlation network analysis revealed that three modules were strongly correlated with K content. Twenty-one hub genes enriched in pathways associated with glycerophospholipid metabolism, glycerolipid metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, and anthocyanin biosynthesis were further identified. In general, these hub genes were upregulated in AMF-colonized roots under low-K conditions. Additionally, the members of 14 gene families associated with K obtain were identified (ARF: 38, ILK: 4, RBOH: 12, RUPO: 20, MAPKK: 89, CBL: 14, CIPK: 44, CPK: 40, PIN: 10, MYB: 174, NPF: 79, KT: 19, HAK/HKT/KUP: 38, and CPA: 8) from maize. The transcript levels of these genes showed that 92 genes (ARF:6, CBL:5, CIPK:13, CPK:2, HAK/HKT/KUP:7, PIN:2, MYB:26, NPF:16, RBOH:1, MAPKK:12 and RUPO:2) were upregulated with AM symbiosis under low-K conditions. CONCLUSIONS This study indicated that AMF increase the resistance of maize to low-K stress by regulating K uptake at the gene transcription level. Our findings provide a genome-level resource for the functional assignment of genes regulated by K treatment and AM symbiosis in K uptake-related gene families in maize. This may contribute to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of maize response to low K stress with AMF inoculation, and provided a theoretical basis for AMF application in the crop field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjian Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Transboundary Ecosecurity of Southwest China, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology and Centre for Invasion Biology, Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, Yunnan, China
| | - Yixiu Yan
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming , Yunnan, 650504, China
| | - Tianyi Zhou
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming , Yunnan, 650504, China
| | - Jianhui Chun
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming , Yunnan, 650504, China
| | - Yuanchao Tu
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming , Yunnan, 650504, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming , Yunnan, 650504, China
| | - Jie Qin
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming , Yunnan, 650504, China
| | - Luyan Ou
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming , Yunnan, 650504, China
| | - Liang Ye
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming , Yunnan, 650504, China
| | - Fang Liu
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming , Yunnan, 650504, China.
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Oddi L, Volpe V, Carotenuto G, Politi M, Barni E, Crosino A, Siniscalco C, Genre A. Boosting species evenness, productivity and weed control in a mixed meadow by promoting arbuscular mycorrhizas. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1303750. [PMID: 38390295 PMCID: PMC10883063 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1303750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Lowland meadows represent aboveground and belowground biodiversity reservoirs in intensive agricultural areas, improving water retention and filtration, ensuring forage production, contrasting erosion and contributing to soil fertility and carbon sequestration. Besides such major ecosystem services, the presence of functionally different plant species improves forage quality, nutritional value and productivity, also limiting the establishment of weeds and alien species. Here, we tested the effectiveness of a commercial seed mixture in restoring a lowland mixed meadow in the presence or absence of inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and biostimulation of symbiosis development with the addition of short chain chito-oligosaccharides (CO). Plant community composition, phenology and productivity were regularly monitored alongside AM colonization in control, inoculated and CO-treated inoculated plots. Our analyses revealed that the CO treatment accelerated symbiosis development significantly increasing root colonization by AM fungi. Moreover, the combination of AM fungal inoculation and CO treatment improved plant species evenness and productivity with more balanced composition in forage species. Altogether, our study presented a successful and scalable strategy for the reintroduction of mixed meadows as valuable sources of forage biomass; demonstrated the positive impact of CO treatment on AM development in an agronomic context, extending previous observations developed under controlled laboratory conditions and leading the way to the application in sustainable agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovica Oddi
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Veronica Volpe
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Gennaro Carotenuto
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Mara Politi
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Elena Barni
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Crosino
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Consolata Siniscalco
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Genre
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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