1
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Oddi L, Volpe V, Carotenuto G, Politi M, Barni E, Crosino A, Siniscalco C, Genre A. Boosting species evenness, productivity and weed control in a mixed meadow by promoting arbuscular mycorrhizas. Front Plant Sci 2024; 15:1303750. [PMID: 38390295 PMCID: PMC10883063 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1303750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Lowland meadows represent aboveground and belowground biodiversity reservoirs in intensive agricultural areas, improving water retention and filtration, ensuring forage production, contrasting erosion and contributing to soil fertility and carbon sequestration. Besides such major ecosystem services, the presence of functionally different plant species improves forage quality, nutritional value and productivity, also limiting the establishment of weeds and alien species. Here, we tested the effectiveness of a commercial seed mixture in restoring a lowland mixed meadow in the presence or absence of inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and biostimulation of symbiosis development with the addition of short chain chito-oligosaccharides (CO). Plant community composition, phenology and productivity were regularly monitored alongside AM colonization in control, inoculated and CO-treated inoculated plots. Our analyses revealed that the CO treatment accelerated symbiosis development significantly increasing root colonization by AM fungi. Moreover, the combination of AM fungal inoculation and CO treatment improved plant species evenness and productivity with more balanced composition in forage species. Altogether, our study presented a successful and scalable strategy for the reintroduction of mixed meadows as valuable sources of forage biomass; demonstrated the positive impact of CO treatment on AM development in an agronomic context, extending previous observations developed under controlled laboratory conditions and leading the way to the application in sustainable agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovica Oddi
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Veronica Volpe
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Gennaro Carotenuto
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Mara Politi
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Elena Barni
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Crosino
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Consolata Siniscalco
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Genre
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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2
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Lozano V, Di Febbraro M, Brundu G, Carranza ML, Alessandrini A, Ardenghi NMG, Barni E, Bedini G, Celesti-Grapow L, Cianfaglione K, Cogoni A, Domina G, Fascetti S, Ferretti G, Foggi B, Iberite M, Lastrucci L, Lazzaro L, Mainetti A, Marinangeli F, Montagnani C, Musarella CM, Orsenigo S, Peccenini S, Peruzzi L, Poggio L, Proietti C, Prosser F, Ranfa A, Rosati L, Santangelo A, Selvaggi A, Spampinato G, Stinca A, Vacca G, Villani M, Siniscalco C. Plant invasion risk inside and outside protected areas: Propagule pressure, abiotic and biotic factors definitively matter. Sci Total Environ 2023; 877:162993. [PMID: 36948323 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Invasive alien species are among the main global drivers of biodiversity loss posing major challenges to nature conservation and to managers of protected areas. The present study applied a methodological framework that combined invasive Species Distribution Models, based on propagule pressure, abiotic and biotic factors for 14 invasive alien plants of Union concern in Italy, with the local interpretable model-agnostic explanation analysis aiming to map, evaluate and analyse the risk of plant invasions across the country, inside and outside the network of protected areas. Using a hierarchical invasive Species Distribution Model, we explored the combined effect of propagule pressure, abiotic and biotic factors on shaping invasive alien plant occurrence across three biogeographic regions (Alpine, Continental, and Mediterranean) and realms (terrestrial and aquatic) in Italy. We disentangled the role of propagule pressure, abiotic and biotic factors on invasive alien plant distribution and projected invasion risk maps. We compared the risk posed by invasive alien plants inside and outside protected areas. Invasive alien plant distribution varied across biogeographic regions and realms and unevenly threatens protected areas. As an alien's occurrence and risk on a national scale are linked with abiotic factors followed by propagule pressure, their local distribution in protected areas is shaped by propagule pressure and biotic filters. The proposed modelling framework for the assessment of the risk posed by invasive alien plants across spatial scales and under different protection regimes represents an attempt to fill the gap between theory and practice in conservation planning helping to identify scale, site, and species-specific priorities of management, monitoring and control actions. Based on solid theory and on free geographic information, it has great potential for application to wider networks of protected areas in the world and to any invasive alien plant, aiding improved management strategies claimed by the environmental legislation and national and global strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Lozano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39/A, 07100 Sassari, Italy; National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), Palermo 90133, Italy.
| | - Mirko Di Febbraro
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), Palermo 90133, Italy; EnviX-Lab, Dipartimento Di Bioscienze e Territorio, Università Degli Studi Del Molise, C. DaFonte Lappone, 86090 Pesche, IS, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Brundu
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39/A, 07100 Sassari, Italy; National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), Palermo 90133, Italy.
| | - Maria Laura Carranza
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), Palermo 90133, Italy; EnviX-Lab, Dipartimento Di Bioscienze e Territorio, Università Degli Studi Del Molise, C. DaFonte Lappone, 86090 Pesche, IS, Italy.
| | | | | | - Elena Barni
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
| | - Gianni Bedini
- PLANTSEED Lab, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Italy.
| | | | | | - Annalena Cogoni
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Botany section, University of Cagliari, Viale S.Ignazio 13, 09123 Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Gianniantonio Domina
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Simonetta Fascetti
- School of Agriculture, Forestry, Food and Environment, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy.
| | - Giulio Ferretti
- Museum of Natural History, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | - Bruno Foggi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | - Mauro Iberite
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Lorenzo Lazzaro
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | - Andrea Mainetti
- Biodiversity service and scientific research, Gran Paradiso National Park, fraz. Valnontey 44, 11012, Cogne, Aosta, Italy.
| | - Francesca Marinangeli
- Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Agricultural Policies and Bioeconomy, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Chiara Montagnani
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy.
| | | | - Simone Orsenigo
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
| | | | - Lorenzo Peruzzi
- PLANTSEED Lab, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Laura Poggio
- Biodiversity service and scientific research, Gran Paradiso National Park, fraz. Valnontey 44, 11012, Cogne, Aosta, Italy.
| | - Chiara Proietti
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Perugia, Italy.
| | - Filippo Prosser
- Fondazione Museo Civico di Rovereto, I-38068 Rovereto, Italy.
| | - Aldo Ranfa
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Perugia, Italy.
| | - Leonardo Rosati
- School of Agriculture, Forestry, Food and Environment, University of Basilicata, Via Ateneo Lucano 10, Potenza I-85100, Italy.
| | - Annalisa Santangelo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, via Foria 223, 80139 Napoli, Italy.
| | | | - Giovanni Spampinato
- Department of Agriculture, Mediterranean University of Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy.
| | - Adriano Stinca
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy.
| | - Gabriella Vacca
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39/A, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | | | - Consolata Siniscalco
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
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3
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Staude IR, Pereira HM, Daskalova GN, Bernhardt-Römermann M, Diekmann M, Pauli H, Van Calster H, Vellend M, Bjorkman AD, Brunet J, De Frenne P, Hédl R, Jandt U, Lenoir J, Myers-Smith IH, Verheyen K, Wipf S, Wulf M, Andrews C, Barančok P, Barni E, Benito-Alonso JL, Bennie J, Berki I, Blüml V, Chudomelová M, Decocq G, Dick J, Dirnböck T, Durak T, Eriksson O, Erschbamer B, Graae BJ, Heinken T, Schei FH, Jaroszewicz B, Kopecký M, Kudernatsch T, Macek M, Malicki M, Máliš F, Michelsen O, Naaf T, Nagel TA, Newton AC, Nicklas L, Oddi L, Ortmann-Ajkai A, Palaj A, Petraglia A, Petřík P, Pielech R, Porro F, Puşcaş M, Reczyńska K, Rixen C, Schmidt W, Standovár T, Steinbauer K, Świerkosz K, Teleki B, Theurillat JP, Turtureanu PD, Ursu TM, Vanneste T, Vergeer P, Vild O, Villar L, Vittoz P, Winkler M, Baeten L. Directional turnover towards larger-ranged plants over time and across habitats. Ecol Lett 2021; 25:466-482. [PMID: 34866301 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Species turnover is ubiquitous. However, it remains unknown whether certain types of species are consistently gained or lost across different habitats. Here, we analysed the trajectories of 1827 plant species over time intervals of up to 78 years at 141 sites across mountain summits, forests, and lowland grasslands in Europe. We found, albeit with relatively small effect sizes, displacements of smaller- by larger-ranged species across habitats. Communities shifted in parallel towards more nutrient-demanding species, with species from nutrient-rich habitats having larger ranges. Because these species are typically strong competitors, declines of smaller-ranged species could reflect not only abiotic drivers of global change, but also biotic pressure from increased competition. The ubiquitous component of turnover based on species range size we found here may partially reconcile findings of no net loss in local diversity with global species loss, and link community-scale turnover to macroecological processes such as biotic homogenisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingmar R Staude
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Henrique M Pereira
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.,CIBIO (Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources)-InBIO (Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology), Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal
| | | | - Markus Bernhardt-Römermann
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Diekmann
- Institute of Ecology, FB 2, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Harald Pauli
- GLORIA Coordination, Institute for Interdisciplinary Mountain Research at the Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW-IGF), Vienna, Austria.,GLORIA Coordination, Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research at the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Mark Vellend
- Département de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Anne D Bjorkman
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jörg Brunet
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | | | - Radim Hédl
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ute Jandt
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Jonathan Lenoir
- UR "Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés" (EDYSAN, UMR7058 CNRS), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | | | - Kris Verheyen
- Forest & Nature Lab, Ghent University, Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Sonja Wipf
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos, Switzerland.,Swiss National Park, Zernez, Switzerland
| | - Monika Wulf
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, Germany
| | | | - Peter Barančok
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Elena Barni
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Jonathan Bennie
- Centre for Geography and Environmental Science, Exeter University, Penryn, Cornwall, UK
| | - Imre Berki
- Faculty of Forestry, University of Sopron, Sopron, Hungary
| | | | | | - Guillaume Decocq
- UR "Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés" (EDYSAN, UMR7058 CNRS), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Jan Dick
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Penicuik, Midlothian, UK
| | | | - Tomasz Durak
- Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Ove Eriksson
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Thilo Heinken
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Bogdan Jaroszewicz
- Białowieża Geobotanical Station, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Białowieża, Poland
| | - Martin Kopecký
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Praha, Czech Republic
| | | | - Martin Macek
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Malicki
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland.,Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - František Máliš
- Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia.,National Forest Centre, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Ottar Michelsen
- Department of Industrial Economics and Technology Management, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tobias Naaf
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Muencheberg, Germany
| | - Thomas A Nagel
- Department of Forestry and Renewable Forest Resources, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Adrian C Newton
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Bournemouth University, Poole, Dorset, UK
| | - Lena Nicklas
- Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ludovica Oddi
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Andrej Palaj
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Alessandro Petraglia
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Petr Petřík
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Environment UJEP, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Remigiusz Pielech
- Department of Forest Biodiversity, University of Agriculture, Kraków, Poland.,Foundation for Biodiversity Research, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Francesco Porro
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mihai Puşcaş
- Al. Borza Botanic Garden, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Center for Systematic Biology, Biodiversity and Bioresources - 3B, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Kamila Reczyńska
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Christian Rixen
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos, Switzerland.,Climate Change, Extremes and Natural Hazards in Alpine Regions Research Center CERC, Davos Dorf, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Schmidt
- Department of Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tibor Standovár
- Department of Plant Systematics, Ecology and Theoretical Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Klaus Steinbauer
- GLORIA Coordination, Institute for Interdisciplinary Mountain Research at the Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW-IGF), Vienna, Austria.,GLORIA Coordination, Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research at the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Balázs Teleki
- MTA-DE Lendület Functional and Restoration Ecology Research Group, Debrecen Egyetem, Debrecen, Hungary.,PTE KPVK Institute for Regional Development, Szekszárd, Hungary
| | - Jean-Paul Theurillat
- Fondation J.-M.Aubert, Champex-Lac, Switzerland.,Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Chambésy, Switzerland
| | - Pavel Dan Turtureanu
- Center for Systematic Biology, Biodiversity and Bioresources - 3B, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Centre for Systems Biology, Biodiversity and Bioresources (3B), Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Emil G. Racoviță Institute, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | | | | - Philippine Vergeer
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ondřej Vild
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Luis Villar
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología, IPE-CSIC, Jaca, Huesca, Spain
| | - Pascal Vittoz
- Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics, Faculty of Geosciences and Environment, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Manuela Winkler
- GLORIA Coordination, Institute for Interdisciplinary Mountain Research at the Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW-IGF), Vienna, Austria.,GLORIA Coordination, Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research at the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Lander Baeten
- Forest & Nature Lab, Ghent University, Gontrode, Belgium
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4
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Hudek C, Barni E, Stanchi S, D'Amico M, Pintaldi E, Freppaz M. Mid and long-term ecological impacts of ski run construction on alpine ecosystems. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11654. [PMID: 32669567 PMCID: PMC7363814 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67341-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The proliferation of ski run construction is a worldwide trend. The machine-grading of slopes involved during ski run construction changes the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil, having significant long-term ecological impact on the environment. Establishing and developing plant communities in these affected areas is crucial in rehabilitating the biotic and abiotic soil environment, while also improving slope stability and reducing the risk of natural hazards. This study evaluates changes in plant-soil properties and the long-term effects of machine-grading and subsequent restoration of ski runs so as to contribute to formulating the best practices in future ski run constructions. Study plots were established in 2000 and re-surveyed in 2017 on ski runs, which had been machine-graded and hydroseeded in the 1990s. Vegetation, root trait and soil surveys were carried out on ski run plots and compared to paired, undisturbed control sites off the ski runs. Plant cover remained unchanged on the ski-runs over time but plant richness and diversity considerably increased, reaching similar levels to undisturbed vegetation. Plant composition moved towards more semi-natural stages, showing a reduction in seeded plants with a comparable increase in the cover of colonizing native species. Root trait results were site-specific showing great variations between the mid and long-term after-effects of machine-grading and revegetation when compared to undisturbed sites. Under long-term management, the soil pH was still higher and the organic C content still lower in the ski runs than in the undisturbed sites, as the aggregate stability. The standard actions applied (machine-grading, storage and re-use of topsoil, hydroseeding of commercial seed mixtures, application of manure soon after seeding and low-intensity grazing) allowed the ecosystem to partially recover in three decades, and even if the soil has still a lower chemical and physical fertility than the undisturbed sites, the plant species composition reveals a satisfactory degree of renaturalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csilla Hudek
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Braccini, 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy. .,School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, College Rd, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, UK.
| | - Elena Barni
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Viale P.A. Mattioli, 25, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Silvia Stanchi
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Braccini, 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy.,University of Turin, Natrisk, Largo Braccini, 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Michele D'Amico
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Braccini, 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Emanuele Pintaldi
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Braccini, 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Michele Freppaz
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Braccini, 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy.,University of Turin, Natrisk, Largo Braccini, 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy
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5
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Steinbauer MJ, Grytnes JA, Jurasinski G, Kulonen A, Lenoir J, Pauli H, Rixen C, Winkler M, Bardy-Durchhalter M, Barni E, Bjorkman AD, Breiner FT, Burg S, Czortek P, Dawes MA, Delimat A, Dullinger S, Erschbamer B, Felde VA, Fernández-Arberas O, Fossheim KF, Gómez-García D, Georges D, Grindrud ET, Haider S, Haugum SV, Henriksen H, Herreros MJ, Jaroszewicz B, Jaroszynska F, Kanka R, Kapfer J, Klanderud K, Kühn I, Lamprecht A, Matteodo M, di Cella UM, Normand S, Odland A, Olsen SL, Palacio S, Petey M, Piscová V, Sedlakova B, Steinbauer K, Stöckli V, Svenning JC, Teppa G, Theurillat JP, Vittoz P, Woodin SJ, Zimmermann NE, Wipf S. Accelerated increase in plant species richness on mountain summits is linked to warming. Nature 2018; 556:231-234. [PMID: 29618821 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0005-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Globally accelerating trends in societal development and human environmental impacts since the mid-twentieth century 1-7 are known as the Great Acceleration and have been discussed as a key indicator of the onset of the Anthropocene epoch 6 . While reports on ecological responses (for example, changes in species range or local extinctions) to the Great Acceleration are multiplying 8, 9 , it is unknown whether such biotic responses are undergoing a similar acceleration over time. This knowledge gap stems from the limited availability of time series data on biodiversity changes across large temporal and geographical extents. Here we use a dataset of repeated plant surveys from 302 mountain summits across Europe, spanning 145 years of observation, to assess the temporal trajectory of mountain biodiversity changes as a globally coherent imprint of the Anthropocene. We find a continent-wide acceleration in the rate of increase in plant species richness, with five times as much species enrichment between 2007 and 2016 as fifty years ago, between 1957 and 1966. This acceleration is strikingly synchronized with accelerated global warming and is not linked to alternative global change drivers. The accelerating increases in species richness on mountain summits across this broad spatial extent demonstrate that acceleration in climate-induced biotic change is occurring even in remote places on Earth, with potentially far-ranging consequences not only for biodiversity, but also for ecosystem functioning and services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel J Steinbauer
- Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
- GeoZentrum Nordbayern, Department of Geography and Geosciences, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
| | | | | | - Aino Kulonen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Lenoir
- CNRS, UMR 7058 EDYSAN, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Harald Pauli
- GLORIA Coordination, Institute for Interdisciplinary Mountain Research at the Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW-IGF), Vienna, Austria
- GLORIA Coordination, Center for Global Change and Sustainability at the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU-gW/N), Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Rixen
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Manuela Winkler
- GLORIA Coordination, Institute for Interdisciplinary Mountain Research at the Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW-IGF), Vienna, Austria
- GLORIA Coordination, Center for Global Change and Sustainability at the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU-gW/N), Vienna, Austria
| | - Manfred Bardy-Durchhalter
- GLORIA Coordination, Institute for Interdisciplinary Mountain Research at the Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW-IGF), Vienna, Austria
- GLORIA Coordination, Center for Global Change and Sustainability at the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU-gW/N), Vienna, Austria
| | - Elena Barni
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Anne D Bjorkman
- Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Frank T Breiner
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Burg
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Patryk Czortek
- Białowiez˙ a Geobotanical Station, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Białowiez˙ a, Poland
| | - Melissa A Dawes
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos, Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Anna Delimat
- W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Stefan Dullinger
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Vivian A Felde
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Kjetil F Fossheim
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Damien Georges
- Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Erlend T Grindrud
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Sylvia Haider
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Siri V Haugum
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Hanne Henriksen
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | | | - Bogdan Jaroszewicz
- Białowiez˙ a Geobotanical Station, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Białowiez˙ a, Poland
| | - Francesca Jaroszynska
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Robert Kanka
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jutta Kapfer
- Department of Landscape Monitoring, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Kari Klanderud
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Ingolf Kühn
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
- Department for Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Halle, Germany
| | - Andrea Lamprecht
- GLORIA Coordination, Institute for Interdisciplinary Mountain Research at the Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW-IGF), Vienna, Austria
- GLORIA Coordination, Center for Global Change and Sustainability at the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU-gW/N), Vienna, Austria
| | - Magali Matteodo
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos, Switzerland
- Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Signe Normand
- Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Arvid Odland
- Department of Natural Sciences and Environmental Health, University College of Southeast Norway, Bø, Norway
| | - Siri L Olsen
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sara Palacio
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Huesca, Spain
| | - Martina Petey
- Environmental Protection Agency of Aosta Valley, Saint-Christophe, Italy
| | - Veronika Piscová
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - Klaus Steinbauer
- GLORIA Coordination, Institute for Interdisciplinary Mountain Research at the Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW-IGF), Vienna, Austria
- GLORIA Coordination, Center for Global Change and Sustainability at the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU-gW/N), Vienna, Austria
| | - Veronika Stöckli
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos, Switzerland
- Bergwelten 21 AG, Davos Platz, Switzerland
| | - Jens-Christian Svenning
- Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Guido Teppa
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Jean-Paul Theurillat
- Centre Alpien de Phytogéographie, Fondation J.-M. Aubert, Champex-Lac, Switzerland
- Section of Biology, University of Geneva, Chambésy, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Vittoz
- Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sarah J Woodin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Niklaus E Zimmermann
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology ETH, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sonja Wipf
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos, Switzerland.
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Mincheva T, Barni E, Varese G, Brusa G, Cerabolini B, Siniscalco C. Litter quality, decomposition rates and saprotrophic mycoflora in Fallopia japonica (Houtt.) Ronse Decraene and in adjacent native grassland vegetation. Acta Oecologica 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2013.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Savarino P, Barni E, Viscardi G, Carpignano R, Modica GD. Dyeing properties of monoazo disperse dyes derived from 4-alkylamidosalicylic acids: equilibrium study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-4408.1988.tb01154.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Carpignano R, Savarino P, Barni E, Modica G, Papa SS. Developments in the Application of Quantitative Structure-Property Relationships of Dyes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-4408.1985.tb01030.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kalyanasundaram K, Colassis T, Humphry-Baker R, Savarino P, Barni E, Pelizzetti E, Graetzel M. Luminescence, charge-transfer complexes, and photoredox processes involving N-alkyl nicotinamide/dihydronicotinamide surfactants. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja00191a029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Viscardi G, Quagliotto P, Barolo C, Savarino P, Barni E, Fisicaro E. Synthesis and surface and antimicrobial properties of novel cationic surfactants. J Org Chem 2000; 65:8197-203. [PMID: 11101373 DOI: 10.1021/jo0006425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of surfactants with tuned polarity were prepared, including a new class of compounds: gluco-pyridinium surfactants. Pure anomers were obtained by chromatographic separation. The conductivity and surface tension of surfactant solutions in water were measured, and provided interesting information regarding their aggregation behavior. Peculiarities were observed in the premicellar range. Tensidic parameters correlated with antimicrobial activity. A few parameters, mainly the hydrophobicity of the headgroup, may play a role in finding more efficient antimicrobial structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Viscardi
- Dipartimento di Chimica Generale ed Organica Applicata, Università di Torino, C.so Massimo d'Azeglio 48, 10125 Torino, Italy
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Savarino P, Viscardi G, Quagliotto P, Perracino P, Barni E. Voltammetric behaviour of heterocyclic systems. Pyridyl-substituted benzimidazoles, benzoxazoles and benzothiazoles. J Heterocycl Chem 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570340517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Savarino P, Viscardi G, Quagliotto P, Montoneri E, Barni E. DEVELOPMENTS IN DYEING TECHNOLOGY BASED ON MICROEMULSION SYSTEMS. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 1995. [DOI: 10.1080/01932699508943658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Fasani E, Albini A, Savarino P, Viscardi G, Barni E. Hydrogen bonding, protonation and twisting in the singlet excited state of some 2-(4-Aminophenyl)pyrido-oxa-, -thia-, and -imidazoles. J Heterocycl Chem 1993. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570300433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Savarino P, Fedorov LA, Viskardi G, Barni E. 13C NMR spectra of azolopyridines and their quaternary salts. Russ Chem Bull 1992. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01150890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Barni E, Savarino P, Viscardi G, Carpignano R, Di Modica G. MICROEMULSIONS AND THEIR POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS IN DYEING PROCESSES. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 1991. [DOI: 10.1080/01932699108913129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Savarino P, Viscardi G, Barni E. Heterocyclic hydrophobic dyes and their interactions with surfactant and oil-in-water microemulsions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0166-6622(90)80217-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kalyanasundaram K, Colassis T, Humphry-Baker R, Savarino P, Barni E, Pelizzetti E, Grätzel M. Micellar properties of nicotinamide-based surfactants. J Colloid Interface Sci 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9797(89)90261-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Savarino P, Viscardi G, Carpignano R, Barni E. Oxazole ring cleavage in the course of the synthesis of heterocyclic azo dyes. J Heterocycl Chem 1989. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570260115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Barni E, Savarino P, Viscardi G, Cargnino F, Ferrero G, Levis M. CATIONIC VESICLE PRECURSORS AS RETARDING AND LEVELLING AGENTS FOR THE DYEING OF ACRYLIC FIBRES. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 1988. [DOI: 10.1080/01932698808943990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Barni E, Carpignano R, Di Modica G, Savarino P, Viscardi G. VESICLE PRECURSORS IN THE DYEING OF POLYESTER WITH DISPERSE DYES. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 1988. [DOI: 10.1080/01932698808943977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Massacesi M, Biddau M, Devoto G, Barni E, Savarino P. Group IIB metal chloride complexes with some 2-(methylpyridyl or -quinolyl)benz-X-azoles. Inorganica Chim Acta 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1693(00)82532-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Arcangeli G, Barni E, Cividalli A, Mauro F, Morelli D, Nervi C, Spano' M, Tabocchini A. Effectiveness of microwave hyperthermia combined with ionizing radiation: clinical results on neck node metastases. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1980; 6:143-8. [PMID: 7390888 DOI: 10.1016/0360-3016(80)90029-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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