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Bellaj M, Naboulsi A, Aziz K, Regti A, El Himri M, El Haddad M, El Achaby M, Abourriche A, Gebrati L, Kurniawan TA, Aziz F. Bio-based composite from chitosan waste and clay for effective removal of Congo red dye from contaminated water: Experimental studies and theoretical insights. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 255:119089. [PMID: 38788787 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Water pollution due to dyes in the textile industry is a serious environmental problem. During the finishing stage, Congo red (CR) dye, water-soluble, is released into wastewater, polluting the water body. This study explores the effectiveness of utilizing a composite composed of Safi raw clay and chitosan to remove an anionic dye from synthetic wastewater. The chitosan was extracted from crab shells. Its removal performance was compared to that of natural clay. Both the composite and raw clay were used to remove target pollutant. The effects of the chitosan load in the composite, size particles, initial dye concentration, contact time, pH, and temperature on the dye's elimination were tested in batch modes. The composite with 30% (w/w) of chitosan exhibited the highest dye removal. At pH 2, an adsorption capacity of 84.74 mg/g was achieved, indicating that the grafting of the polymer onto clay surface enhances its efficacity and stability in acidic environments. This finding was supported by characterization data obtained from X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analyses. Under optimized conditions of 20 mg dose, pH 2, 30 min of reaction time, and 20 mg/L of dye concentration, about 92% of dye removal was achieved. The Langmuir isotherm model represents dye adsorption by the composite, while dye removal was controlled by pseudo-second-order model. Thermodynamic data of the adsorption (ΔH = +8.82 kJ/mol; ΔG <0) suggested that the dye adsorption was spontaneous and endothermic. The findings provide insights into the dye elimination by the adsorbent, indicating that the removal occurred via attractive colombic forces, as confirmed by density functional theory (DFT) analysis. Overall, the composite of natural clays and chitosan waste is a promising and innovative adsorbent for treating wastewater containing recalcitrant dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouhsine Bellaj
- Laboratory of Materials, Process, Environment, and Quality (LMPEQ), ENSA Safi, Morocco
| | - Aicha Naboulsi
- Laboratory of Analytical and Molecular Chemistry, Faculty Poly-disciplinary of Safi, BP 4162, Safi, 46 000, Morocco
| | - Khalid Aziz
- Materials Science, Energy and Nano-Engineering (MSN) Department, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Lot 660 - Hay Moulay Rachid, 43150, Benguerir, Morocco
| | - Abdelmajid Regti
- Laboratory of Analytical and Molecular Chemistry, Faculty Poly-disciplinary of Safi, BP 4162, Safi, 46 000, Morocco
| | - Mamoune El Himri
- Laboratory of Analytical and Molecular Chemistry, Faculty Poly-disciplinary of Safi, BP 4162, Safi, 46 000, Morocco
| | - Mohammadine El Haddad
- Laboratory of Analytical and Molecular Chemistry, Faculty Poly-disciplinary of Safi, BP 4162, Safi, 46 000, Morocco
| | - Mounir El Achaby
- Materials Science, Energy and Nano-Engineering (MSN) Department, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Lot 660 - Hay Moulay Rachid, 43150, Benguerir, Morocco
| | - Abdelkrim Abourriche
- Laboratory of Materials, Process, Environment, and Quality (LMPEQ), ENSA Safi, Morocco
| | - Lhoucine Gebrati
- Laboratory of Materials, Process, Environment, and Quality (LMPEQ), ENSA Safi, Morocco; Biochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Marrakech, Cadi Ayyad University, B.P. 7010, 40000, Marrakech, Morocco
| | | | - Faissal Aziz
- Laboratory of Water, Biodiversity Climate Changes, Semlalia Faculty of Sciences, B.P. 2390, 40000, Marrakech, Morocco; National Centre for Research and Study on Water and Energy (CNEREE), University Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech, Morocco.
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Amjad M, Mohyuddin A, Ulfat W, Goh HH, Dzarfan Othman MH, Kurniawan TA. UV-blocking and photocatalytic properties of Ag-coated cotton fabrics with Si binders for photo-degradation of recalcitrant dyes in aqueous solutions under sunlight. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 353:120287. [PMID: 38335595 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Textile wastewater laden with dyes has emerged as a source of water pollution. This possesses a challenge in its effective treatment using a single functional material. In respond to this technological constraint, this work presents multifunctional cotton fabrics (CFs) within a single, streamlined preparation process. This approach utilizes the adherence of Ag NPs (nanoparticles) using Si binder on the surface of CFs, resulting in Ag-coated CFs through a pad dry method. The prepared samples were characterized using scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray electroscopy (SEM-EDS), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transformation infrared (FT-IR). It was found that the FT-IR spectra of Ag NPs-coated CFs had peaks appear at 3400, 2900, and 1200 cm-1, implying the stretching vibrations of O-H, C-H, and C-O, respectively. Based on the EDX analysis, the presence of C, O, and Ag related to the coated CFs were detected. After coating the CFs with varying concentrations of Ag NPs (1%, 2% and 3% (w/w)), they were used to remove dyes. Under the same concentration of 10 mg/L and optimized pH 7.5 and 2 h of reaction time, 3% (w/w) Ag-coated CFs exhibited a substantial MB degradation of 98 %, while removing 95% of methyl orange, 85% of rhodamine B, and 96% of Congo red, respectively, following 2 h of Vis exposure. Ag NPs had a strong absorption at 420 nm with 2.51 eV of energy band gap. Under UV irradiation, electrons excited and produced free radicals that promoted dyes photodegradation. The oxidation by-products included p-dihydroxybenzene and succinic acid. Spent Ag-coated CFs attained 98% of regeneration efficiency. The utilization of Ag-coated CFs as a photocatalyst facilitated treated effluents to meet the required discharge standard of lower than 1 mg/L mandated by national legislation. The integration of multifunctional CFs in the treatment system presents a new option for tackling water pollution due to dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Amjad
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Mohyuddin
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Wajad Ulfat
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hui Hwang Goh
- School of Electrical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310, Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
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