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Akhi SZ, Khan R, Basir MS, Habib MA, Islam MA, Naher K, Idris AM, Khan MHR, Aldawood S, Roy DK. Exploring the alteration of environmental radioactivity in terms of compositional elements of heavy minerals in an anthropogenically affected urban river: Radiological and ecological risks assessment. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 206:116694. [PMID: 39002213 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
This study explored the alteration of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORMs: 226Ra (≈238U), 232Th, 40K) in an anthropogenically disrupted urban river-basin (Turag, Bangladesh) in terms of constitutional substances (Sc, Ti, V, Fe, La, Ce, Sm, Eu, Tb, Dy, Ho, Yb, Lu, Hf, Ta, W, Th, U) of heavy-minerals. Average activity concentrations of 226Ra (≈238U), 232Th, and 40K were 41.5 ± 12.9, 72.1 ± 27.1, and 639 ± 100 Bqkg-1, respectively which were relatively higher compared to crustal origin. ∑REEs, Ta, W, Th, and U were ~2 times higher compared to crustal values with Ce and Eu-anomalies. APCS-MLR and PMF receptor models were used to determine the various anthropogenic and/or geogenic sources of NORMs and elements. Layer-wise variations of NORMs and elements were observed to trace the response of sedimentary processes towards the incoming pollution load. Presence of REEs indicates moderate degree of ecological risk to aquatic biota. However, carcinogenic risk (3.84 × 10-4 Sv-1) were significantly higher than threshold limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayma Zahan Akhi
- Institute of Nuclear Science & Technology, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission (BAEC), Savar, Dhaka 1349, Bangladesh; Department of Environmental Science, Bangladesh University of Professionals (BUP), Mirpur-12, Cantonment, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Rahat Khan
- Institute of Nuclear Science & Technology, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission (BAEC), Savar, Dhaka 1349, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Samium Basir
- Institute of Nuclear Science & Technology, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission (BAEC), Savar, Dhaka 1349, Bangladesh; Department of Environmental Science, Bangladesh University of Professionals (BUP), Mirpur-12, Cantonment, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ahosan Habib
- Geological Survey of Bangladesh, Segunbaghicha, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Amirul Islam
- Institute of Nuclear Science & Technology, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission (BAEC), Savar, Dhaka 1349, Bangladesh
| | - Kamrun Naher
- Institute of Nuclear Science & Technology, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission (BAEC), Savar, Dhaka 1349, Bangladesh
| | - Abubakr M Idris
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Saad Aldawood
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, P.O. BOX 2455, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dhiman Kumer Roy
- Department of Geology and Mining, University of Barishal, Barishal 8254, Bangladesh
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2
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Khan R, Siddique MAB, Chowdhury YF, Ahmed MN, Ullah AKMA, Khan MHR, Islam ARMT, Habib MA, Khan AHAN, Aldawood S, Idris AM. Fluvial responses towards the tannery effluent: Tracing the anthropogenic foot-prints. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 338:122673. [PMID: 37793543 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Tannery-effluent is one of the top-ranked hazardous waste which is generally discharged into the river. To study the fluvial response toward the tannery-effluents and to trace anthropogenic foot-prints in the fluvial-system, a suite of systematically collected sediment and water samples were analyzed for radioactive (226Ra, 232Th, and 40K) and non-radioactive elements (Al, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Sb, Hg, and Pb). Neutron activation analysis and atomic absorption spectroscopy were used for elemental analysis, whereas HPGe-gamma-detector was used for measuring the primordial-radionuclides. Ranges of Cr-abundances in sediment and water were 63-4373 μg.g-1 and 15.6-52.2 μg.L-1, respectively which were ∼4-14 times higher than the geological background. Radioactivity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K ranged from 17.7-48.5, 36.1-81.6, and 687-1041 Bq.kg-1, respectively which were significantly depleted in effluent discharge point. Hence, primordial-radionuclides were used as natural tracers for tracing anthropogenic foot-prints which were explained in terms of dilution effect, redox environment and differential geo-environmental events/characteristics. From statistical-approaches and geochemical reasoning, elemental sources and responses in fluvial system were explored. Surprisingly, ecological & radiological risks were reduced while sediment quality guideline-based ecotoxicity & water-mediated health risks were increased by the incorporation of tannery effluents. This study describes the sedimentary response toward the received tannery effluents which is particularly explored by the primordial radionuclides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahat Khan
- Institute of Nuclear Science & Technology, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Savar, Dhaka, 1349, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Abu Bakar Siddique
- Institute of National Analytical Research and Service (INARS), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhanmondi, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Yeamin Faria Chowdhury
- Institute of Nuclear Science & Technology, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Savar, Dhaka, 1349, Bangladesh; Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Md Nakir Ahmed
- Institute of Nuclear Science & Technology, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Savar, Dhaka, 1349, Bangladesh; Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
| | - A K M Atique Ullah
- Chemistry Division, Atomic Energy Centre, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | | | - Abu Reza Md Towfiqul Islam
- Department of Disaster Management, Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur, 5400, Bangladesh; Department of Development Studies, Daffodil Internaitonal University, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ahosan Habib
- Geological Survey of Bangladesh, Segunbaghicha, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Abdul Hadi Al Nafi Khan
- Institute of Nuclear Science & Technology, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Savar, Dhaka, 1349, Bangladesh
| | - Saad Aldawood
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abubakr M Idris
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 62529, Saudi Arabia
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Veerasamy N, Sahoo SK, Natarajan T, Inoue K, Fukushi M, Ramola RC. Distribution of naturally occurring radionuclides and gamma dose rate assessment in the soils of high background natural radiation area Odisha, India. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2023; 199:2194-2198. [PMID: 37934990 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncad254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
A study on the activity concentration of primordial radionuclides 226Ra, 232Th and 40K was carried out on the surface soil samples collected from the coastal villages between Chhatrapur and Gopalpur regions of high background natural radiation area Odisha, India, using high purity germanium gamma spectroscopy. The mean activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K were found to be 231, 1692 and 250 Bq/kg, respectively. The total mean absorbed dose owing to the presence of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K was 1139 nGy/h. The mean annual effective dose was found to be 1397 μSv/y and higher than the UNSCEAR average value 70 μSv/y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimelan Veerasamy
- Tritium Research Center, Institute for Environmental Sciences, Aomori 039-3121, Japan
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Arakawa-ku, Tokyo 116-8551, Japan
| | - Sarata K Sahoo
- Institute for Radiological Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Thennaarassan Natarajan
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Arakawa-ku, Tokyo 116-8551, Japan
- Institute for Radiological Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Inoue
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Arakawa-ku, Tokyo 116-8551, Japan
| | - Masahiro Fukushi
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Arakawa-ku, Tokyo 116-8551, Japan
| | - Rakesh C Ramola
- Department of Physics, H.N.B. Garhwal University, Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand 249 199, India
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4
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Ramola RC, Prasad M, Sahoo SK, Tokonami S. Estimation of radiation dose due to thoron and progeny inhalation in high background natural radiation area of Odisha, India. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2023; 199:2179-2182. [PMID: 37934988 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncad173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Results of the preliminary measurements of indoor radon, thoron and progeny concentrations showed very high values of thoron concentrations in the eastern coastal region of Odisha, India. Therefore, measurements of thoron and its progeny concentrations were extended to a larger number of houses in this area for the assessment of the radiation dose received by the public. The measured values of thoron concentrations were used for the calculation of annual effective doses. The estimated values of the annual effective dose due to thoron exposure were observed in the range of 0.2-14.7 mSv. The estimated radiation doses responsible for thoron exposure were observed considerably high in the region. The results obtained are compared with those obtained in other studies performed so far in the study area and a review of different studies involving different measurement techniques is presented in the paper. The results of this study support the preliminary studies showing high values of thoron levels in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh C Ramola
- Department of Physics, H.N.B. Garhwal University, Badshahi Thaul Campus, Tehri Garhwal 249199, India
| | - Mukesh Prasad
- Chitkara University School of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 174103, India
| | - Sarata K Sahoo
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institute of Quantum Sciences and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Shinji Tokonami
- Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki 036-8564, Japan
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Khan R, Basir MS, Akhi SZ, Anik AH, Hossain S, Islam HMT, Islam ARMT, Idris AM, Khan MHR, Aldawood S, Tareq SM. Radiation exposure and health concerns associated with the environmental geochemistry of relatively higher radioactivity in a fresh water basin. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 196:115588. [PMID: 37806014 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
This study was carried out on a negligible anthropogenically impacted Indo-Bangla transboundary river basin (Atrai, Bangladesh) to elicit radionuclides' and elemental distributions. Thirty sediment samples were collected from the Bangladesh portion of the river, and instrumental neutron activation analysis and HPGe γ-Spectrometry techniques were used to determine environmental radionuclides (e.g., 232Th, 226Ra, 40K) and associated elemental concentrations, respectively. Metal concentrations (Sc, V, Fe, Eu, Sm, La, Yb, Ce, Lu, Ta, Hf) were determined to comprehend the genesis of greater radioactivity. Recognizing the mean concentration of absorbed gamma dose rate (158.7 hGyh-1) is 2.88-times more than the recommended value (55 hGyh-1) that describes ionizing radiation concerns regarding potential health risks to the surrounding communities and the houses of native residents, which are constructed by Atrai river sediment. This work will assist relevant policymakers in exploring valuable heavy minerals and provide information regarding radiological health risks from a fluvial system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahat Khan
- Institute of Nuclear Science & Technology, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission (BAEC), Savar, Dhaka 1349, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Samium Basir
- Department of Environmental Science, Bangladesh University of Professionals (BUP), Mirpur-12, Cantonment, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Sayma Zahan Akhi
- Department of Environmental Science, Bangladesh University of Professionals (BUP), Mirpur-12, Cantonment, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Amit Hasan Anik
- Department of Environmental Science, Bangladesh University of Professionals (BUP), Mirpur-12, Cantonment, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Shabiha Hossain
- Department of Environmental Science, Bangladesh University of Professionals (BUP), Mirpur-12, Cantonment, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh
| | - H M Touhidul Islam
- Department of Disaster Management, Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur 5400, Bangladesh
| | - A R M Towfiqul Islam
- Department of Disaster Management, Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur 5400, Bangladesh; Department of Development Studies, Daffodil Internaitonal University, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Abubakr M Idris
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Saad Aldawood
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, P.O. BOX 2455, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shafi M Tareq
- Hydrobiogeochemistry and Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
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Siraz MMM, Kamal MH, Khan ZH, Alam MS, Al Mahmud J, Rashid MB, Khandaker MU, Osman H, Yeasmin S. Evaluation of radioactivity in soil and rock samples from an undiscovered sea beach in the southeastern coastline of Bangladesh and associated health risk. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1028. [PMID: 37558890 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11636-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
This study marks the first-ever assessment of radiological hazards linked to the sands and rocks of Patuartek Sea Beach, situated along one of the world's longest sea beaches in Cox' Bazar of Bangladesh. Through the utilization of an HPGe detector, a comprehensive analysis of the activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40 K was conducted, and their activity ranged from 7 to 23 Bq/kg, 9-58 Bq/kg, and 172-340 Bq/kg, respectively, in soils, and 19-24 Bq/kg, 27-39 Bq/kg, and 340-410 Bq/kg, respectively, in rocks. Some sand samples exhibited elevated levels of 232Th, while the rock samples displayed higher levels of 40 K compared to the global average. The radiological hazard parameters were assessed, and no values surpassed the recommended limits set by several international organizations. Hence, the sands and rocks of Patuartek sea beach pose no significant radiological risk to the residents or tourists. The findings of this study provide crucial insights for the development of a radiological baseline map in the country, which is important due to the commissioning of the country's first nuclear power plant Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant. The data may also stimulate interest in the rare-earth minerals present in the area, which is important for the electronics industry, thorium-based nuclear fuel cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Mahfuz Siraz
- Health Physics Division, Atomic Energy Centre, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md Hossain Kamal
- Department of Physics, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | | | - M S Alam
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Jubair Al Mahmud
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md Bazlar Rashid
- Geological Survey of Bangladesh, Segunbaghicha, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Mayeen Uddin Khandaker
- Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Selangor, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
- Department of General Educational Development, Faculty of Science and Information Technology, Daffodil International University, DIU Rd, Dhaka, 1341, Bangladesh
| | - Hamid Osman
- Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, 21944, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - S Yeasmin
- Health Physics Division, Atomic Energy Centre, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.
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7
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Mitra P, Mishra MK, Reddy GP, Srivastava S, Salunkhe SS, Kumari A, Gavas SG, Ninawe PR, Thekkinkattil M, Garg S, Kumar AV. Countrywide monitoring of absorbed dose rate in air due to outdoor natural gamma radiation in India. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2023:ncad185. [PMID: 37366153 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncad185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The Indian Environmental Radiation Monitoring Network continuously monitors, throughout India, the absorbed dose rate in air due to outdoor natural gamma radiation, by using Geiger-Mueller detector-based standalone environmental radiation monitors. The network consists of 546 monitors spread across 91 monitoring locations distributed all over the country. In this paper, the countrywide long-term monitoring results are summarised. The measured mean dose rate of the monitoring locations followed a log-normal distribution and ranged from 50 to 535 nGy.h-1 with a median value of 91 nGy.h-1. Due to outdoor natural gamma radiation, the average annual effective dose was estimated to be 0.11 mSv.y-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratip Mitra
- Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Manish K Mishra
- Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Gade Priyanka Reddy
- Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Saurabh Srivastava
- Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Sandip S Salunkhe
- Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Anisha Kumari
- Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Sanjay G Gavas
- Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Pruthviraj R Ninawe
- Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Mukundan Thekkinkattil
- Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Saurabh Garg
- Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Aerattukkara Vinod Kumar
- Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
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Baker LA, Beauger A, Kolovi S, Voldoire O, Allain E, Breton V, Chardon P, Miallier D, Bailly C, Montavon G, Bouchez A, Rimet F, Chardon C, Vasselon V, Ector L, Wetzel CE, Biron DG. Diatom DNA metabarcoding to assess the effect of natural radioactivity in mineral springs on ASV of benthic diatom communities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 873:162270. [PMID: 36801401 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Little is still known about the low dose effects of radiation on the microbial communities in the environment. Mineral springs are ecosystems than can be affected by natural radioactivity. These extreme environments are, therefore, observatories for studying the influence of chronic radioactivity on the natural biota. In these ecosystems we find diatoms, unicellular microalgae, playing an essential role in the food chain. The present study aimed to investigate, using DNA metabarcoding, the effect of natural radioactivity in two environmental compartments (i.e. spring sediments and water) on the genetic richness, diversity and structure of diatom communities in 16 mineral springs in the Massif Central, France. Diatom biofilms were collected during October 2019, and a 312 bp region of the chloroplast gene rbcL (coding for the Ribulose Bisphosphate Carboxylase) used as a barcode for taxonomic assignation. A total of 565 amplicon sequence variants (ASV) were found. The dominant ASV were associated with Navicula sanctamargaritae, Gedaniella sp., Planothidium frequentissimum, Navicula veneta, Diploneis vacillans, Amphora copulata, Pinnularia brebissonii, Halamphora coffeaeformis, Gomphonema saprophilum, and Nitzschia vitrea, but some of the ASVs could not be assigned at the species level. Pearson correlation failed to show a correlation between ASV' richness and radioactivity parameters. Non-parametric MANOVA analysis based on ASVs occurrence or abundances revealed that geographical location was the main factor influencing ASVs distribution. Interestingly, 238U was the second factor that explained diatom ASV structure. Among the ASVs in the mineral springs monitored, ASV associated with one of the genetic variants of Planothidium frequentissimum was well represented in the springs and with higher levels of 238U, suggesting its high tolerance to this particular radionuclide. This diatom species may therefore represent a bio-indicator of high natural levels of uranium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lory-Anne Baker
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LMGE, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, GEOLAB, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; LTSER "Zone Atelier Territoires Uranifères", Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Aude Beauger
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, GEOLAB, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; LTSER "Zone Atelier Territoires Uranifères", Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sofia Kolovi
- LTSER "Zone Atelier Territoires Uranifères", Clermont-Ferrand, France; Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont (LPC), UMR 6533, F-63178 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - Olivier Voldoire
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, GEOLAB, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; LTSER "Zone Atelier Territoires Uranifères", Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Elisabeth Allain
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, GEOLAB, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; LTSER "Zone Atelier Territoires Uranifères", Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Vincent Breton
- LTSER "Zone Atelier Territoires Uranifères", Clermont-Ferrand, France; Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont (LPC), UMR 6533, F-63178 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - Patrick Chardon
- LTSER "Zone Atelier Territoires Uranifères", Clermont-Ferrand, France; Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont (LPC), UMR 6533, F-63178 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - Didier Miallier
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont (LPC), UMR 6533, F-63178 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - Céline Bailly
- Laboratoire SUBATECH, UMR 6457, IN2P3/CNRS/IMT Atlantique, Université de Nantes, 4, rue Alfred Kastler, BP 20722, 44307 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Gilles Montavon
- LTSER "Zone Atelier Territoires Uranifères", Clermont-Ferrand, France; Laboratoire SUBATECH, UMR 6457, IN2P3/CNRS/IMT Atlantique, Université de Nantes, 4, rue Alfred Kastler, BP 20722, 44307 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Agnès Bouchez
- Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, INRAE, UMR CARRTEL, 75 bis avenue de Corzent, FR-74200 Thonon-les-Bains, France
| | - Frédéric Rimet
- Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, INRAE, UMR CARRTEL, 75 bis avenue de Corzent, FR-74200 Thonon-les-Bains, France
| | - Cécile Chardon
- Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, INRAE, UMR CARRTEL, 75 bis avenue de Corzent, FR-74200 Thonon-les-Bains, France
| | - Valentin Vasselon
- Science-Management Interface for Biodiversity Conservation (SCIMABIO Interface),74200 Thonon-les-Bains, France
| | - Luc Ector
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Department Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN), Observatory for Climate, Environment and Biodiversity (OCEB), 4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Carlos E Wetzel
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Department Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN), Observatory for Climate, Environment and Biodiversity (OCEB), 4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - David G Biron
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LMGE, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; LTSER "Zone Atelier Territoires Uranifères", Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Measurement of natural radioactivity and radiation hazard assessment in the soil samples of Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2022.100856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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10
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Khan R, Islam HMT, Apon MAS, Islam ARMT, Habib MA, Phoungthong K, Idris AM, Techato K. Environmental geochemistry of higher radioactivity in a transboundary Himalayan river sediment (Brahmaputra, Bangladesh): potential radiation exposure and health risks. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:57357-57375. [PMID: 35349070 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19735-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study of a downstream segment (Brahmaputra, Bangladesh) of one of the longest transboundary (China-India-Bangladesh) Himalayan rivers reveals elevated radioactivity compared to other freshwater basins across the world. Naturally occurring radioactive nuclides (226Ra, 232Th, and 40K) and metal contents (transition metals, Fe, Ti, Sc, and V; rare earth elements, La, Ce, Eu, Sm, Dy, Yb, and Lu; high field strength elements, Ta and Hf; and actinides, Th and U) in thirty sediment samples were measured by HPGe γ-spectrophotometry and research reactor-based neutron activation analysis, respectively. We systematically investigated the mechanism of the deposition of higher radioactivity concentrations and rare earth elements (REEs) associated with heavy minerals (HMs) and photomicrograph-based mineralogical analysis. The results show that total REEs (∑REE) and Ta, Hf, U, and Th are generally 1.5- to 3.0-fold elevated compared to crustal values associated with -δEu and -δCe anomalies, suggesting a felsic source provenance. The enrichment of light REEs (×1.5 upper continental crust (UCC)) and Th (×1.9 UCC), besides Th/U (=7.74 ± 2.35) and 232Th/40K ratios, along with the micrographic and statistical approaches, revealed the elevated presence of HMs. Fluvial suspended sedimentary transportation (from upstream) followed by mineralogical recycling and sorting enriched the HM depositions in this basin. Bivariate plots, including La/Th-Hf, La/Th-Th/Yb, and La/V-Th/Yb, revealed significant contributions of felsic source rock compared to mafic sources. The assessment of radiological hazards demonstrates ionizing-radiation-associated health risks to the local residents and people inhabiting houses made from Brahmaputra River sediments (as construction material).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahat Khan
- Institute of Nuclear Science & Technology, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Savar, Dhaka, 1349, Bangladesh.
| | - Hossain Mohammad Touhidul Islam
- Institute of Nuclear Science & Technology, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Savar, Dhaka, 1349, Bangladesh
- Department of Disaster Management, Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur, 5400, Bangladesh
| | - Md Adnan Sarker Apon
- Institute of Nuclear Science & Technology, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Savar, Dhaka, 1349, Bangladesh
- Department of Disaster Management, Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur, 5400, Bangladesh
| | | | - Md Ahosan Habib
- Geological Survey of Bangladesh, Segunbaghicha, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
- Environmental Assessment and Technology for Hazardous Waste Management Research Center, Faculty of Environmental Management, | Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
| | - Khamphe Phoungthong
- Environmental Assessment and Technology for Hazardous Waste Management Research Center, Faculty of Environmental Management, | Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
| | - Abubakr M Idris
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 62529, Saudi Arabia
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha, 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kuaanan Techato
- Environmental Assessment and Technology for Hazardous Waste Management Research Center, Faculty of Environmental Management, | Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
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11
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Determination of 238U and 40K Radionuclide Concentrations in Some Granite Rocks by Gamma Spectroscopy and Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15155130. [PMID: 35897562 PMCID: PMC9331935 DOI: 10.3390/ma15155130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Uranium-238 (238U) and potassium-40 (40K) are important naturally occurring radionuclides. Gamma spectroscopy is a direct, non-destructive method used to determine radionuclide concentrations, but it suffers from the interference of gamma lines. 40K gamma spectroscopy is affected by background interference, which leads to a reduction in the minimum detectable activity. The energy dispersive X-ray analytical technique is quick, with fewer interference problems or background effects. However, it is an indirect method for calculating and deducing the concentrations of isotopes. The aim of the present study was to compare and evaluate both techniques so that they can be utilized efficiently. The results of 238U and 40K were measured by well-calibrated gamma spectroscopy and energy dispersive X-ray techniques. the results indicated that Halayeb White granite is the most environmentally safe compared to the other two types because it contains a very low concentration of uranium 238 and potassium 40.
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12
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Veerasamy N, Sahoo SK, Murugan R, Kasar S, Inoue K, Fukushi M, Natarajan T. ICP-MS Measurement of Trace and Rare Earth Elements in Beach Placer-Deposit Soils of Odisha, East Coast of India, to Estimate Natural Enhancement of Elements in the Environment. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26247510. [PMID: 34946589 PMCID: PMC8708771 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) has been used to measure the concentration of trace and rare earth elements (REEs) in soils. Geochemical certified reference materials such as JLk-1, JB-1, and JB-3 were used for the validation of the analytical method. The measured values were in good agreement with the certified values for all the elements and were within 10% analytical error. Beach placer deposits of soils mainly from Odisha, on the east coast of India, have been selected to study selected trace and rare earth elements (REEs), to estimate enrichment factor (EF) and geoaccumulation index (Igeo) in the natural environment. Enrichment factor (EF) and geoaccumulation index (Igeo) results showed that Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Zn, Y, Zr, Cd and U were significantly enriched, and Th was extremely enriched. The total content of REEs (ƩREEs) ranged from 101.3 to 12,911.3 µg g−1, with an average 2431.1 µg g−1 which was higher than the average crustal value of ΣREEs. A high concentration of Th and light REEs were strongly correlated, which confirmed soil enrichment with monazite minerals. High ratios of light REEs (LREEs)/heavy REEs (HREEs) with a strong negative Eu anomaly revealed a felsic origin. The comparison of the chondrite normalized REE patterns of soil with hinterland rocks such as granite, charnockite, khondalite and migmatite suggested that enhancement of trace and REEs are of natural origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimelan Veerasamy
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Sciences and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; (N.V.); (R.M.); (S.K.); (T.N.)
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 7-2-10 Higashiogu, Arakawa-ku, Tokyo 116-8551, Japan; (K.I.); (M.F.)
| | - Sarata Kumar Sahoo
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Sciences and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; (N.V.); (R.M.); (S.K.); (T.N.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Rajamanickam Murugan
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Sciences and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; (N.V.); (R.M.); (S.K.); (T.N.)
| | - Sharayu Kasar
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Sciences and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; (N.V.); (R.M.); (S.K.); (T.N.)
| | - Kazumasa Inoue
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 7-2-10 Higashiogu, Arakawa-ku, Tokyo 116-8551, Japan; (K.I.); (M.F.)
| | - Masahiro Fukushi
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 7-2-10 Higashiogu, Arakawa-ku, Tokyo 116-8551, Japan; (K.I.); (M.F.)
| | - Thennaarassan Natarajan
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Sciences and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; (N.V.); (R.M.); (S.K.); (T.N.)
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 7-2-10 Higashiogu, Arakawa-ku, Tokyo 116-8551, Japan; (K.I.); (M.F.)
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13
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Ghosal S, Agrahari S, Banerjee D, Sengupta D. Assessment of a naturally occurring high background radiation area with elevated levels of thorium along coastal Odisha, India using radiometric methods. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 283:131221. [PMID: 34182624 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluates the enrichment and distribution of radioelements along the eastern coast of India. India possesses the second largest reserve of thorium bearing monazite in the world, in terms of heavy minerals present primarily along its long coastline. Radioelement estimation of about 30 km long beach area along the eastern coast of India is reported and implications discussed. A total number of 822 data points were studied using a portable Geiger Muller counter, to estimate the variation of dose rates, due to the ambient radionuclides along two different trends. One was parallel (northeast-southwest) and the second one perpendicular to the coastline. Pre-selected samples from in-situ radiometric surveys on the heavy mineral placers were studied further, for quantitative estimation of the abundance of radioactive elements primarily uranium and thorium, using a High Purity Germanium detector. Radioelement concentration assessment of core samples (depth ~2 m), were studied from two different beaches. Radiological parameters like radium equivalent, annual effective doserate and absorbed dose rate has been calculated based on the 238U, 232Th and 40K concentrations. Heavy mineral placers along the shoreline indicate a very high thorium (avg - 2990.22 Bq kg-1) which is due to the extensive distribution indicative of monazite. The coastal area also exhibits relatively low uranium (avg - 319.1 Bq kg-1). Based on its high thorium concentration, the area can be considered as a high natural background radiation area. Based on the concentrations of uranium and thorium, the weathering conditions and depositional environment prevalent along the beach areas have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayantani Ghosal
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, India.
| | - Sudha Agrahari
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Debashish Banerjee
- Radiochemistry Division, Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, BARC, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Debashish Sengupta
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
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14
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Duong NT, Van Hao D, Bui VL, Duong DT, Phan TT, Le Xuan H. Natural radionuclides and assessment of radiological hazards in MuongHum, Lao Cai, Vietnam. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 270:128671. [PMID: 33139047 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
226Ra, 238U, 4 K, and 232Th (228Ra) activity concentrations of 61 soil samples distributed surrounding the rare earth element mine (NORM), MH, Lao Cai, Vietnam have been measured by HPGe detector. The activity concentrations of 226Ra, 238U, 4 K, and 232Th (228Ra) range from 1179 to 6291 Bq/kg, from 1024 to 8351 Bq/kg, from 260 to 3519 Bq/kg, and from 1476 to 35546 Bq/kg in the ore body and from 21.3 to 964 Bq/kg, from 23.4 to 1635 Bq/kg, from 124 to 3788 Bq/kg, and from 40.9 to 6107 Bq/kg outside the ore body in respective. The study area is considered as the high local natural background radiation with the concentration of 226Ra, 238U, 4 K, and 232Th (228Ra) of 156, 254, 647, and 908 Bq/kg in respective. Regarding the spatial distribution, the measured radionuclide concentrations are independent of the distance from measured points to the ore body. With regard to the hazard indices, the average calculated radiological hazard indices, including absorbed gamma dose rate, effective dose equivalent, and excess lifetime cancer risk significantly exceed the global average values. There is a disequilibrium between 238U/226Ra concentrations in studied soil samples. The results also found that the 232Th (228Ra) concentration and total absorbed gamma dose rate show a strong positive correlation (coefficient of determination, R2 = 1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thanh Duong
- Hanoi University of Mining and Geology, No 18, Vien Street, Bac Tu Liem District, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
| | - Duong Van Hao
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Danang, 550000, Viet Nam.
| | - Van Loat Bui
- Faculty of Physics, VNU University of Science, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
| | - Duc Thang Duong
- Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology, Vinatom, 179 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
| | - Trong Trinh Phan
- Institute of Geological Sciences, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Viet Nam; Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Royal Academy for Overseas Sciences, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Hoan Le Xuan
- Radioactive & Rare Minerals Division, Xuan Phuong, Bac Tu Liem, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
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15
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Khan R, Islam HMT, Islam ARMT. Mechanism of elevated radioactivity in Teesta river basin from Bangladesh: Radiochemical characterization, provenance and associated hazards. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 264:128459. [PMID: 33032211 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This work presents a river basin (Teesta River, Bangladesh) which possesses significantly higher radioactivity compared to other freshwater basins around the globe. A total of thirty sediment samples were collected to determine the naturally occurring radionuclides (226Ra, 232Th, and 4 K)and elemental abundances using the HPGe gamma spectrometry and instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA), respectively. To understand the provenance of higher radioactivity, the compositional elements (Sc, Ti, V, Fe, La, Ce, Sm, Eu, Dy, Yb, Lu, Hf, Ta, Th, and U) of heavy minerals are thoroughly studied, where ∑REEs (rare earth elements), Hf, Ta, Th, and U are ∼2 times higher than the crustal values with negative Ce and Eu anomalies. Mechanism to co-occurrence among radioactivity concentrations and REEs has been explored in this work. Enrichment of light rare earth elements ( × 2.01 UCC) and thorium ( × 2.8 UCC), and Th/U (=5.54 ± 1.05), 232Th/4 K ratio and statistical analyses demonstrate the presence of heavy minerals with monazite predominance. Accumulations of these minerals are most likely due to the fluvial suspended sediments transported by the hydrodynamic forces from up-stream. Elemental ratios including La/V, Th/Yb, Th/Sc, and Hf/Sc confirm the dominance of felsic-source over the mafic-components and the source of sediment has experienced major recycling and sorting during transportation. Evaluation of radiological risks invokes ionizing radiation related hazards to the local inhabitants and the householders residing in the buildings comprised with sandy river sediments. However, minute probability of REEs, Th, and U entrance to the human body through food chain can cause trivial health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahat Khan
- Institute of Nuclear Science & Technology, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Savar, Dhaka, 1349, Bangladesh.
| | - H M Touhidul Islam
- Institute of Nuclear Science & Technology, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Savar, Dhaka, 1349, Bangladesh; Department of Disaster Management, Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur, 5400, Bangladesh
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16
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Sources of monazite patches and dynamics of radionuclides concentration in the high background radiation areas of Kollam District, Kerala. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-020-07520-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Ramola RC, Prasad M. Significance of thoron measurements in indoor environment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2020; 225:106453. [PMID: 33120031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2020.106453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Radon, 222Rn, is the major contributor to natural radiation in human environment. The exposure of high radon is known as one of the causative factors of lung cancer. Though thoron, 220Rn, has been a matter of study in atmospheric science, but it was often neglected compared to radon. It was considered that the amount of thoron in the environment is less than that of radon. However, recent studies show that thoron and its progeny sometime contribute significantly to the radiation dose in residential buildings. A review of methodologies, measurement protocols and concepts used in various thoron measurement surveys performed in India is presented in this paper. The results of measurements of thoron and its progeny, carried out in the Himalayan region and in the high background radiation area of the south-eastern coast of Odisha, India are also presented. The results obtained using various thoron measurements techniques and the resulting doses to the general public are discussed in details.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Ramola
- Department of Physics, H.N.B. Garhwal University, Badshahi Thaul Campus, Tehri Garhwal, 249 199, India.
| | - Mukesh Prasad
- Department of Physics, H.N.B. Garhwal University, Badshahi Thaul Campus, Tehri Garhwal, 249 199, India
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18
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Haghparast M, Afkhami Ardekani M, Navaser M, Refahi S, Najafzadeh M, Ghaffari H, Masoumbeigi M. Assessment of background radiation levels in the southeast of Iran. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2020; 34:56. [PMID: 32934945 PMCID: PMC7481852 DOI: 10.34171/mjiri.34.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Measuring background radiation (BR) is highly important from different perspectives, especially from that of human health. This study was conducted to measure BR in the southeast of Iran.
Methods: BR was measured in Hormozgan and Sistan-Bluchestan provinces using portable Environmental Radiation Meter Type 6- 80 detector. The average value was used to calculate the absorbed dose rate and indoor annual effective dose (AED) from BR. In addition, excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) was evaluated.
Results: The results showed that the maximum and minimum absorbed dose rates were 71.9 and 34.2 nGy.h-1 in Abomoosa and Minab in Hormozgan province and 90.0 and 47.8 nGy.h-1 in Zahedan and Chabahar in Sistan-Bluchestan province, respectively. Data indicated that these areas had a lower BR level compared with the worldwide level. The ELCR from indoor AED was larger compared with the worldwide average of 0.29 × 10-3.
Conclusion: This study provided a reference for designing and developing specific regional surveys associated with the measurement of natural BR in the southeast of Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Haghparast
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Radiology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar-Abbas, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Afkhami Ardekani
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar-Abbas, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Navaser
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheila Refahi
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Milad Najafzadeh
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar-Abbas, Iran
| | - Hamed Ghaffari
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahboubeh Masoumbeigi
- Department of Medical Physics & Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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19
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Veerasamy N, Sahoo SK, Inoue K, Arae H, Fukushi M. Geochemical behavior of uranium and thorium in sand and sandy soil samples from a natural high background radiation area of the Odisha coast, India. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:31339-31349. [PMID: 32483717 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09370-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Owing to their natural radioactivity, uranium (U) and thorium (Th) play significant roles in environmental sciences for monitoring radiation dose and in geological sciences for understanding sedimentary processes. The Odisha coastal area, in eastern India, is a well-known high background radiation area that is rich in monazites and rutile. This area was selected to study geochemical characteristics of U and Th in sand and sandy soil samples. The concentrations of U and Th were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The median, geometric mean, and standard deviation for U were determined to be 6, 4.5, and 2.5 μg/g and for Th were 186, 123.3, and 3.1 μg/g, respectively. Major element concentrations were evaluated using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy to get the mineralogical composition and state of chemical weathering. The ratios of Th/U and Th/K varied from 4 to 37 and from 13 to 1058, respectively. These results clearly indicate that the samples from the coastal region were formed in an oxidizing and intense chemical weathering terrestrial environment with an enrichment of radiogenic heavy minerals (monazites and zircon) and clay mineral association. Since the majority of the samples have undergone moderate to intense weathering in the oxidizing environment, U is leached from the soil and sand matrix. Eventually, Th resides in the matrix and becomes a major source for radiation exposure in the environment. The high ratios of Th/U, along with the strong positive correlation between Th and P2O5, evidence the enrichment of the Th-bearing radioactive mineral, monazite, in these samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimelan Veerasamy
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 7-2-10 Higashiogu, Arakawa-ku, Tokyo, 116-8551, Japan
- Environmental Radionuclides Research Group, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Sciences and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Sarata Kumar Sahoo
- Environmental Radionuclides Research Group, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Sciences and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan.
| | - Kazumasa Inoue
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 7-2-10 Higashiogu, Arakawa-ku, Tokyo, 116-8551, Japan
| | - Hideki Arae
- Environmental Radionuclides Research Group, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Sciences and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Masahiro Fukushi
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 7-2-10 Higashiogu, Arakawa-ku, Tokyo, 116-8551, Japan
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20
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Wanjala FO, Hashim NO, Otwoma D, Nyambura C, Kebwaro J, Mauring A, Bartilol J, Chege M. HUMAN EXPOSURE TO BACKGROUND RADIATION IN ORTUM, KENYA. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2020; 188:98-108. [PMID: 31786611 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncz264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The activity concentration of radionuclides 238U, 232Th and 40K in soil and the absorbed dose rate (ADRA) at 1 m above the ground in Ortum was determined. The activity concentration in soils ranged from 33 to 85, 20 to 67 and 148-1019 Bq kg-1, respectively with an average of 40 ± 1.43, 56 ± 1.46 and 425 ± 19.24 Bq kg-1, respectively. The activity concentration of 232Th and 238U was found to reduce with increasing depth while that of 40K increased with increasing depth. The average activity concentration in soil was higher than the world average values. The average ADRA in air at 1 m above the ground was found to be 112 ± 29.6 nGy h-1. The soil and rocks in Ortum are recommended for use because the activity concentration of the terrestrial radionuclides is lower than the recommended threshold values.
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Affiliation(s)
- F O Wanjala
- Kenyatta University, Physics Department, P. O. Box 43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - N O Hashim
- Kenyatta University, Physics Department, P. O. Box 43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - D Otwoma
- National Commission for Science Technology and Innovation, P. O. Box 30623-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - C Nyambura
- Kenyatta University, Physics Department, P. O. Box 43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - J Kebwaro
- Karatina University, Physics Department, P.O. Box 1957-10101, Karatina, Kenya
| | - A Mauring
- IAEA Seibersdorf Laboratory, Vienna International Centre, PO Box 100, 1400 Vienna, Austria
| | - J Bartilol
- Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Nairobi, 30197 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - M Chege
- Kenyatta University, Physics Department, P. O. Box 43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
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21
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Chemical Separation of Uranium and Precise Measurement of 234U/ 238U and 235U/ 238U Ratios in Soil Samples Using Multi Collector Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092138. [PMID: 32375226 PMCID: PMC7249105 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A new chemical separation has been developed to isolate uranium (U) using two UTEVA columns to minimize iron and thorium interferences from high background area soil samples containing minerals like monazites and ilmenite. The separation method was successfully verified in some certified reference materials (CRMs), for example, JSd-2, JLk-1, JB-1 and JB-3. The same method was applied for purification of U in Fukushima soil samples affected by the Fukushima dai-ichi nuclear power station (FDNPS) accident. Precise and accurate measurement of 234U/238U and 235U/238U isotope ratios in chemically separated U were carried out using a multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (MC-ICP-MS). In this mass spectrometric method, an array of two Faraday cups (1011 Ω, 1012 Ω resistor) and a Daly detector were simultaneously employed. The precision of U isotope ratios in an in-house standard was evaluated by replicate measurement. Relative standard deviation (RSD) of 234U/238U and 235U/238U were found to be 0.094% (2σ) and 0.590% (2σ), respectively. This method has been validated using a standard reference material SRM 4350B, sediment sample. The replicate measurements of 234U/238U in SRM shows 0.7% (RSD). This developed method is suitable for separation of U and its isotope ratio measurement in environmental samples.
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Inoue K, Sahoo SK, Veerasamy N, Kasahara S, Fukushi M. Distribution patterns of gamma radiation dose rate in the high background radiation area of Odisha, India. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-020-07176-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Aloraini DA, El-Azony KM. Measurement of natural radioactivity concentrations and chemical composition of coal and its post-combustion residues in KSA. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-019-07001-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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24
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Elemental abundances, natural radioactivity and physicochemical records of a southern part of Bangladesh: Implication for assessing the environmental geochemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2019.100225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Bakhtiari E, Monfared AS, Niaki HA, Borzoueisileh S, Niksirat F, Fattahi S, Monfared MK, Gorji KE. The expression of MLH1 and MSH2 genes among inhabitants of high background radiation area of Ramsar, Iran. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2019; 208-209:106012. [PMID: 31323602 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2019.106012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies evidenced the critical role of the mismatch repair system in DNA damage recognition, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and DNA repair. MLH1 and MSH2 genes belong to repairing complexes of mismatch repair system. The side effects of ionizing radiation on the human health were proved, but researches on the inhabitants of high background radiation areas, with extra-ordinary radiation exposure, showed that the prevalence of cancer or radiation-related diseases is not significantly higher than normal background areas. The city of Ramsar, in northern Iran, has the highest level of natural background radiation in the world and in this study, we aimed to evaluate the expression of MLH1 and MSH2 genes among the inhabitants of high background radiation areas of Ramsar compared to normal background radiation areas. In the present study, 60 blood sample from high and normal background inhabitants were collected and we MLH1, and MSH2 genes expressions in residents of high background radiation area compared with normal background radiation area were evaluated by Quantitative Real-Time PCR. Our results showed a significant upregulation of MLH1 in residents of high background radiation area. Also, there is a significant association between MLH1 and MSH2 gene expression in both sexes. Also, the increased expression of MLH1 in HBRA is notable. There is an increased expression of MLH1 in age above 50 and a decreased expression of MSH2 in ages under 50 years (P < 0.0001). These findings are suggesting the triggering of Mismatch Repair system in response to high-level of natural background radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Bakhtiari
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, I.R Iran; Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, I.R.Iran
| | - Ali Shabestani Monfared
- Cancer Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, I.R.Iran
| | - Hale Akhavan Niaki
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, I.R Iran
| | - Sajad Borzoueisileh
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, I.R.Iran
| | - Fatemeh Niksirat
- Department of Medical Physics Radiobiology and Radiation Protection, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, I.R Iran
| | - Sadegh Fattahi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, I.R.Iran; North Research Centre of Pasteur Institute, Amol, I.R.Iran
| | - Mohadese Kosari Monfared
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, I.R.Iran
| | - Kourosh Ebrahimnejad Gorji
- Department of Medical Physics Radiobiology and Radiation Protection, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, I.R Iran.
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The Potential for REE and Associated Critical Metals in Coastal Sand (Placer) Deposits of Greece: A Review. MINERALS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/min9080469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The rare earth elements (REEs) are characterized by the European Union (EU) as critical raw materials with a significant risk of supply because of their broad utility in both traditional and emerging technological applications. The growing demand for REE has caused a flurry in the search for new REE deposits in Europe and elsewhere in the world, and is also linked to rising exploitation efforts in a variety of geological settings. To this end, Greece appears to be a promising candidate to become a leading EU country in terms of REE by virtue of its natural endowment in sedimentary heavy mineral deposits (placers) along its long coastline. The present review focuses on the distribution, abundance, and bulk geochemistry of REEs and other critical metals (Ta, Nb, Co) associated with placer deposits of Greece, and specifically with geologically young heavy mineral sand accumulations developed proximal to felsic plutonic source rocks. These deposits are also enriched in the actinides uranium (U) and thorium (Th), as both of these metals are typically associated with REE-rich minerals such as xenotime, monazite, thorite, allanite, and zircon. Previous studies have employed a variety of analytical techniques down to nano-meter scale with the aim to elucidate the mineralogy and distribution of REE and associated actinides in Greek beach placers. In view of this mineralogically-intensive background, the present review focuses chiefly on bulk geochemical characteristics of the same deposits and the variations thereof between two major geographical regions (northern Greece, southern Aegean) and across individual placer occurrences within them. In this framework, we present comprehensive compositional comparisons between the different deposits, highlighting the geological sub-environments wherein they occur, their distinctive sources and geochemical signatures, and their potential economic significance in terms of REE and other critical metal enrichments where applicable.
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In situ measurement of terrestrial gamma dose rates in eastern region of Peninsular Malaysia and its relation to geological formation and soil types. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2018-2950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This present study aims to obtain baseline data of environmental terrestrial radiation and to assess the corresponding health risk in the ambient environment in eastern region of Peninsular Malaysia. The measurements were taken 1 m above the soil surface using NaI [Ti] detector with a total of 2144 measured points which covered all geological formations and soil types. The measured gamma dose rates ranged from 26 nGy h−1 to 750 nGy h−1 with a mean value of 172±90 nGy h−1. The mean gamma dose rate is three times higher than world averages of 57 nGy h−1. The data of gamma dose rates show the reading of the gamma dose rates not fit to the normal distribution. The variations of gamma dose rates based on geological formation and soil types were investigated using the unbalanced one way ANOVA. The results indicated strong significant differences due to the different geological formations and soil types. The T-test of gamma dose rates for each pair of soil types or geological formations and their hypothesis test at 95 % confidential level were compared to shows the significant difference between each pairs. The results indicate that the gamma dose rates for all pairs of soil types were significant differed except the miscellaneous soil while the gamma dose rates of the pairs of geological formation were also significant differed except the intermediate and intrusive geological formations. Acid intrusive and intermediate intrusive geological formations has the highest mean values of 223 nGy h−1 and 278 nGy h−1, respectively. These values are approximately four and five times the world average. Soil type (Steep land) has the highest gamma dose rate with the mean value of 215 nGy h−1. The radiological health information which are the total annual effective dose equivalent, the collective effective dose, lifetime effective dose and the lifetime cancer risk for each person are 0.844 mSv, 3.53×103 man Sv y−1, 59.10 mSv and 3.25×10−3, respectively. The results in eastern region of Peninsular Malaysia were comparable to different areas in Malaysia, which indicate the value reported in UNSCEAR, 2000 should be adjusted to the current status in Malaysia.
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Uosif M, Mostafa A, Elsaman R, Moustafa ES. Natural radioactivity levels and radiological hazards indices of chemical fertilizers commonly used in Upper Egypt. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M.A.M. Uosif
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azher University, Assuit Branch, Assuit, 71524, Egypt
| | - A.M.A. Mostafa
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azher University, Assuit Branch, Assuit, 71524, Egypt
| | - Reda Elsaman
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azher University, Assuit Branch, Assuit, 71524, Egypt
| | - El-sayed Moustafa
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azher University, Assuit Branch, Assuit, 71524, Egypt
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29
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Activity concentrations of radionuclides in soil samples along the coastal areas of Kerala, India and the assessment of radiation hazard indices. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-019-06481-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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31
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Yang B, Zhou Q, Zhang J, Li Z, Li W, Tuo F. Assessment of radioactivity level and associated radiation exposure in topsoil from eastern region of Shangrao Prefecture, China. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-018-6298-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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32
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Sanjuán MÁ, Quintana B, Argiz C. Coal bottom ash natural radioactivity in building materials. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-018-6251-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Khandaker MU, Asaduzzaman K, Sulaiman AFB, Bradley DA, Isinkaye MO. Elevated concentrations of naturally occurring radionuclides in heavy mineral-rich beach sands of Langkawi Island, Malaysia. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 127:654-663. [PMID: 29475708 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.12.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Study is made of the radioactivity in the beach sands of Langkawi island, a well-known tourist destination. Investigation is made of the relative presence of the naturally occurring radionuclide 40K and the natural-series indicator radionuclides 226Ra and 232Th, the gamma radiation exposure also being estimated. Sample quantities of black and white sand were collected for gamma ray spectrometry, yielding activity concentration in black sands of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K from 451±9 to 2411±65Bqkg-1 (mean of 1478Bqkg-1); 232±4 to 1272±35Bqkg-1 (mean of 718Bqkg-1) and 61±6 to 136±7Bqkg-1 (mean of 103Bqkg-1) respectively. Conversely, in white sands the respective values for 226Ra and 232Th were appreciably lower, at 8.3±0.5 to 13.7±1.4Bqkg-1 (mean of 9.8Bqkg-1) and 4.5±0.7 to 9.4±1.0Bqkg-1 (mean of 5.9Bqkg-1); 40K activities differed insubstantially from that in black sands, at 85±4 to 133±7Bqkg-1 with a mean of 102Bqkg-1. The mean activity concentrations of 226Ra and 232Th in black sands are comparable with that of high background areas elsewhere in the world. The heavy minerals content gives rise to elevated 226Ra and 232Th activity concentrations in all of black sand samples. Evaluation of the various radiological risk parameters points to values which in some cases could be in excess of recommendations providing for safe living and working. Statistical analysis examines correlations between the origins of the radionuclides, also identifying and classifying the radiological parameters. Present results may help to form an interest in rare-earth resources for the electronics industry, power generation and the viability of nuclear fuels cycle resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayeen Uddin Khandaker
- Center for Radiation Sciences, School of Healthcare and Medical Sciences, Sunway University, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Khandoker Asaduzzaman
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - D A Bradley
- Center for Radiation Sciences, School of Healthcare and Medical Sciences, Sunway University, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK
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Adam ZR, Hongo Y, Cleaves HJ, Yi R, Fahrenbach AC, Yoda I, Aono M. Estimating the capacity for production of formamide by radioactive minerals on the prebiotic Earth. Sci Rep 2018; 8:265. [PMID: 29321594 PMCID: PMC5762809 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18483-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Water creates special problems for prebiotic chemistry, as it is thermodynamically favorable for amide and phosphodiester bonds to hydrolyze. The availability of alternative solvents with more favorable properties for the formation of prebiotic molecules on the early Earth may have helped bypass this so-called "water paradox". Formamide (FA) is one such solvent, and can serve as a nucleobase precursor, but it is difficult to envision how FA could have been generated in large quantities or accumulated in terrestrial surface environments. We report here the conversion of aqueous acetonitrile (ACN) via hydrogen cyanide (HCN) as an intermediate into FA by γ-irradiation under conditions mimicking exposure to radioactive minerals. We estimate that a radioactive placer deposit could produce 0.1‒0.8 mol FA km-2 year-1. A uraninite fission zone comparable to the Oklo reactors in Gabon can produce 0.1‒1 mol m-2 year-1, orders of magnitude greater than other scenarios of FA production or delivery for which reaching sizeable concentrations of FA are problematic. Radioactive mineral deposits may be favorable settings for prebiotic compound formation through emergent geologic processes and FA-mediated organic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary R Adam
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Yayoi Hongo
- Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H James Cleaves
- Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Seattle, WA, USA
- Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA
- Center for Chemical Evolution, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Ruiqin Yi
- Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Isao Yoda
- Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Aono
- Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
- Faculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan
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Mineralogical role on natural radioactivity content in the intertidal sands of Tamilnadu coast (HBRAs region), India. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-017-5449-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Environmental implications and spatial distribution of natural radionuclides and heavy metals in sediments from four harbours in the Egyptian Red Sea coast. Appl Radiat Isot 2017; 131:13-22. [PMID: 29091784 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2017.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Measurements of natural radionuclides concentrations (226Ra, 232Th and 40K) in sediments collected from sea, rivers or ocean is significant to protect the sea water ecosystem and to human health from radiation. Thirty-three sample of sediment have been collected from four ports in the Red Sea coast, Egypt for investigation by gamma-ray spectrometer using NaI(Tl) detector. The average and range activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K were 26(5-58), 19(4-33) and 458(16-2665)Bqkg-1 in Quseir Harbour, 30(14-53), 20(14-34) and 430(378-511)Bqkg-1 in Abu-Tartour Harbour. However, the average and range activity concentrations were 23(14-35), 21(15-32), and 602(327-821)Bqkg-1 in Touristic Harbour and 14(5-26), 13(2-23) and 489(36-950)Bqkg-1 in Hurghada harbour. These results were compared with reported ranges in the literature from other location in the world. The radiation hazard parameters; radium equivalent activity annual dose, external hazard were also calculated and compared with the recommended levels by UNSCEAR reports. Eight heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Ni, Co, Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd) have been measured and analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometer. The concentration for the investigated heavy metals overtakes the allowable limits recommended by the Canadian Environmental Quality Guidelines. Because there are no existing databases for the natural radioactivity in the sediment samples from Egyptian Red Sea ports, our results are a start to establishing a database for Red Sea harbours environment.
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Shuaibu HK, Khandaker MU, Alrefae T, Bradley DA. Assessment of natural radioactivity and gamma-ray dose in monazite rich black Sand Beach of Penang Island, Malaysia. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 119:423-428. [PMID: 28342594 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Activity concentrations of primordial radionuclides in sand samples collected from the coastal beaches surrounding Penang Island have been measured using conventional γ-ray spectrometry, while in-situ γ-ray doses have been measured through use of a portable radiation survey meter. The mean activity concentrations for 226Ra, 232Th and 40K at different locations were found to be less than the world average values, while the Miami Bay values for 226Ra and 232Th were found to be greater, at 1023±47 and 2086±96Bqkg̶ 1 respectively. The main contributor to radionuclide enrichment in Miami Bay is the presence of monazite-rich black sands. The measured data were compared against literature values and also recommended limits set by the relevant international bodies. With the exception of Miami Bay, considered an elevated background radiation area that would benefit from regular monitoring, Penang island beach sands typically pose no significant radiological risk to the local populace and tourists visiting the leisure beaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hauwau Kulu Shuaibu
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Mayeen Uddin Khandaker
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Tareq Alrefae
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Khaldia, Kuwait
| | - D A Bradley
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU4 8JU, UK; Sunway University, Institute for Health Care Development, Jalan Universiti, 46150 PJ, Malaysia
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Sahoo SK, Kierepko R, Sorimachi A, Omori Y, Ishikawa T, Tokonami S, Prasad G, Gusain GS, Ramola RC. NATURAL RADIOACTIVITY LEVEL AND ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION OF SOIL SAMPLES FROM A HIGH BACKGROUND RADIATION AREA ON EASTERN COAST OF INDIA (ODISHA). RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2016; 171:172-178. [PMID: 27026744 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncw052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive study was carried out to determine the radioactivity concentration of soil samples from different sites of a high background radiation area in the eastern coast of India, Odisha state. The dose rate measured in situ varied from 0.25 to 1.2 µSv h-1 The gamma spectrometry measurements indicated Th series elements as the main contributors to the enhanced level of radiation and allowed the authors to find the mean level of the activity concentration (±SD) for 226Ra, 228Th and 40K as 130±97, 1110±890 and 360±140 Bq kg-1, respectively. Human exposure from radionuclides occurring outdoor was estimated based on the effective dose rate, which ranged from 0.14±0.02 to 2.15±0.26 mSv and was higher than the UNSCEAR annual worldwide average value 0.07 mSv. Additionally, X-ray fluorescence analysis provided information about the content of major elements in samples and indicated the significant amount of Ti (7.4±4.9 %) in soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Sahoo
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - R Kierepko
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, PAS, 152 ul.Radzikowskiego, Krakow 31-342, Poland
| | - A Sorimachi
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
- Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Y Omori
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
- Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - T Ishikawa
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
- Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - S Tokonami
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
- Hirosaki University, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - G Prasad
- Department of Physics, H.N.B. Garhwal University, BadshahiThaul Campus, Tehri Garhwal 249199, India
| | - G S Gusain
- Department of Physics, H.N.B. Garhwal University, BadshahiThaul Campus, Tehri Garhwal 249199, India
| | - R C Ramola
- Department of Physics, H.N.B. Garhwal University, BadshahiThaul Campus, Tehri Garhwal 249199, India
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Omori Y, Prasad G, Sorimachi A, Sahoo SK, Ishikawa T, Vidya Sagar D, Ramola RC, Tokonami S. Long-term measurements of residential radon, thoron, and thoron progeny concentrations around the Chhatrapur placer deposit, a high background radiation area in Odisha, India. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2016; 162-163:371-378. [PMID: 27348042 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2016.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The Chhatrapur placer deposit is found in a high background radiation area which has been recently identified on the southeastern coast of India. Previously, some geochemical studies of this area were carried out to assess external dose from radionuclides-bearing heavy mineral sands. In this study, radon, thoron and thoron progeny concentrations were measured in about 100 dwellings during three seasons (autumn-winter, summer, and rainy) in a 10- to 12-month period and annual doses due to inhalation of them were evaluated. The measurements were made by passive-type radon-thoron discriminative detectors and thoron progeny detectors in which solid state nuclear track detectors were deployed. The results show that radon and thoron concentrations differ by one order of magnitude depending on exposure periods, while thoron progeny concentration is nearly constant throughout the year. Since thorium-rich sand is distributed in the studied area, exposure to thoron is equal to, or exceeds, exposure to radon and is not negligible for dose evaluation. Based on the measurements, doses due to inhalation of radon and thoron are evaluated as 0.1-1.6 mSv y-1 and 0.2-3.8 mSv y-1, respectively. The total dose is 0.8-4.6 mSv y-1, which is the same order of magnitude as the worldwide value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutaka Omori
- Research Center for Radiation Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Ganesh Prasad
- Department of Physics, H.N.B. Garhwal University, Badshahi Thaul Campus, Tehri Garhwal 249199, India
| | - Atsuyuki Sorimachi
- Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Sarata Kumar Sahoo
- Research Center for Radiation Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Ishikawa
- Research Center for Radiation Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | | | - Rakesh Chand Ramola
- Department of Physics, H.N.B. Garhwal University, Badshahi Thaul Campus, Tehri Garhwal 249199, India
| | - Shinji Tokonami
- Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan.
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Tsroya S, Pelled O, Abraham A, Kravchik T, German U. ENHANCED RADIOACTIVE CONTENT OF 'BALANCE' BRACELETS. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2016; 170:288-291. [PMID: 26535005 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncv456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
During a routine whole body counting measurement of a worker at the Nuclear Research Center Negev, abnormal activities of (232)Th and (238)U were measured. After a thorough investigation, it was found that the radioactivity was due to a rubber bracelet ('balance bracelet') worn by the worker during the measurement. The bracelet was counted directly by an high pure germanium gamma spectrometry system, and the specific activities determined were 10.80 ± 1.37 Bq g(-1) for (232)Th and 5.68 ± 0.88 Bq g(-1) for natural uranium. These values are obviously high compared with normally occurring radioactive material (NORM) average values. The dose rate to the wrist surface was estimated to be ∼3.9 µGy h(-1) and ∼34 mGy for a whole year. The dose rate at the centre of the wrist was estimated to be ∼2.4 µGy h(-1) and ∼21 mGy for a whole year. The present findings stresses a more general issue, as synthetic rubber and silicone products are common and widely used, but their radioactivity content is mostly uncontrolled, thus causing unjustified exposure due to enhanced NORM radioactivity levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tsroya
- Nuclear Research Centre Negev, P.O. Box 9001, Beer Sheva 84190, Israel
| | - O Pelled
- Nuclear Research Centre Negev, P.O. Box 9001, Beer Sheva 84190, Israel
| | - A Abraham
- Nuclear Research Centre Negev, P.O. Box 9001, Beer Sheva 84190, Israel
| | - T Kravchik
- Nuclear Research Centre Negev, P.O. Box 9001, Beer Sheva 84190, Israel
| | - U German
- Nuclear Research Centre Negev, P.O. Box 9001, Beer Sheva 84190, Israel
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Abdurabu WA, Ramli AT, Saleh MA, Heryansyah A, Alnhary A, Fadhl S. Terrestrial gamma dose rate, radioactivity and radiological hazards in the rocks of an elevated radiation background in Juban District, Ad Dali' Governorate, Yemen. JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION 2016; 36:163-177. [PMID: 26909670 DOI: 10.1088/0952-4746/36/1/163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate natural radiation and radioactivity in the rock and to assess the corresponding health risk in a region of elevated background radiation in Juban District, Ad Dali' Governorate, Yemen. The mean external gamma dose rate was 374 nGy h(-1) which is approximately six times the world average. The measured results were used to compute annual effective dose equivalent, collective effective dose and excess lifetime cancer risk, which are 2.298 mSv, 61.95 man Sv y(-1) and 8.043 × 10(-3), respectively. Rocks samples from different geological formations were analyzed for quantitative determination of (226)Ra, (232)Th and (40)K. The specific activity of the rocks samples ranges from 7 ± 1 Bq Kg(-1) to 12 513 ± 329 Bq Kg(-1) for (232)Th, from 6 ± 1 Bq kg(-1) to 3089 ± 74 Bq kg(-1) for (226)Ra and 702 ± 69 Bq kg(-1) to 2954 ± 285 Bq kg(-1) for (40)K. (232)Th is the main contributor to gamma dose rate from the rock samples. Indicators of radiological health impact, radium equivalent activity and external hazard index are 3738 Bq kg(-1) and 10.10, respectively. The mean external hazard index was ten times unity in the studied locations in Juban District, which is higher than the recommended value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wedad Ali Abdurabu
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johore Bahru, Johore, Malaysia. National Atomic Energy Commission (NATEC), Sana'a, Yemen
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42
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Badran HM, Bin-Jaza AA, Sharshar T. Multivariate Statistical Analysis of High Background Radiation Area on the Hadhramout Coast. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-015-1728-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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43
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Castillo H, Schoderbek D, Dulal S, Escobar G, Wood J, Nelson R, Smith G. Stress induction in the bacteria Shewanella oneidensis and Deinococcus radiodurans in response to below-background ionizing radiation. Int J Radiat Biol 2015; 91:749-56. [PMID: 26073528 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2015.1062571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The 'Linear no-threshold' (LNT) model predicts that any amount of radiation increases the risk of organisms to accumulate negative effects. Several studies at below background radiation levels (4.5-11.4 nGy h(-1)) show decreased growth rates and an increased susceptibility to oxidative stress. The purpose of our study is to obtain molecular evidence of a stress response in Shewanella oneidensis and Deinococcus radiodurans grown at a gamma dose rate of 0.16 nGy h(-1), about 400 times less than normal background radiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bacteria cultures were grown at a dose rate of 0.16 or 71.3 nGy h(-1) gamma irradiation. Total RNA was extracted from samples at early-exponential and stationary phases for the rt-PCR relative quantification (radiation-deprived treatment/background radiation control) of the stress-related genes katB (catalase), recA (recombinase), oxyR (oxidative stress transcriptional regulator), lexA (SOS regulon transcriptional repressor), dnaK (heat shock protein 70) and SOA0154 (putative heavy metal efflux pump). RESULTS Deprivation of normal levels of radiation caused a reduction in growth of both bacterial species, accompanied by the upregulation of katB, recA, SOA0154 genes in S. oneidensis and the upregulation of dnaK in D. radiodurans. When cells were returned to background radiation levels, growth rates recovered and the stress response dissipated. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that below-background levels of radiation inhibited growth and elicited a stress response in two species of bacteria, contrary to the LNT model prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Castillo
- a Department of Biology , New Mexico State University , Las Cruces , NM , USA
| | - Donald Schoderbek
- b Department of Agriculture , Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta, Canada
| | - Santosh Dulal
- c School of Medicine, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill NC
| | - Gabriela Escobar
- a Department of Biology , New Mexico State University , Las Cruces , NM , USA
| | - Jeffrey Wood
- d Department of Energy-Carlsbad Field Office , Carlsbad , NM , USA
| | - Roger Nelson
- d Department of Energy-Carlsbad Field Office , Carlsbad , NM , USA
| | - Geoffrey Smith
- a Department of Biology , New Mexico State University , Las Cruces , NM , USA
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44
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Eke C, Boztosun I. Determination of activity concentration of natural and artificial radionuclides in sand samples from mediterranean coast of Antalya in Turkey. KERNTECHNIK 2015. [DOI: 10.3139/124.110474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In this paper, we attempt to determine the activity concentration of natural and artificial radionuclides in 37 sand samples from the Mediterranean coast of Antalya in Turkey by using a high purity Germanium (HpGe) detector. 238U, 232Th, 40K and 137Cs activity concentrations, absorbed dose rate, annual effective dose equivalent, radium equivalent activity, external and internal hazard index of sand samples are determined res-pectively. The average values are 13.43 ± 0.21 Bq/kg, 6.96 ± 0.06 Bq/kg and, 122.46 ± 18.58 Bq/kg, for 238U, 232Th and 40K respectively. Most of the activity concentration values are less than below minimum detection limit for 137Cs. The average values of the absorbed dose rate D (nGy/h), annual effective dose equivalent AEDE(μSv/y), radium equivalent activity Raeq (Bq/kg), external hazard index Hex and internal hazard index Hin are 15.52 nGy/h, 19.03 μSv/y, 32.81 Bq/kg, 0.09 and 0.12 respectively. It is observed that 238U, 232Th, 40K and 137Cs activity concentrations, absorbed dose rate, annual effective dose equivalent, radium equivalent activity are in the limit of the published values, external and internal hazard index values are less than unity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Eke
- Akdeniz University , Faculty of Education, Department of Secondary Science and Mathematics Education, Division of Physics Education, 07058, Antalya , Turkey
- Akdeniz Universitesi , Nükleer Bilimler Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi, 07058, Antalya , Turkey
| | - I. Boztosun
- Akdeniz Universitesi , Nükleer Bilimler Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi, 07058, Antalya , Turkey
- Akdeniz University , Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, 07058, Antalya , Turkey
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Mohapatra S, Sahoo SK, Dubey JS, Patra AC, Tripathy SK, Sagar DV, Ravi PM, Tripathi RM. Assessment of radon concentration and external gamma radiation level around a high background radiation area (HBRA), Odisha, India and its radiological significance. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-015-4139-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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46
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Aytekin H, Tufan MÇ, Küçük C. Natural radioactivity measurements and dose assessments in sand samples collected from Zonguldak beaches in Turkey. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-014-3819-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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47
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On the radiological assessment of natural and fallout radioactivity in a natural high background radiation area at Odisha, India. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-014-3814-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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48
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Iwaoka K, Tabe H, Yonehara H. Activity concentration of natural radioactive nuclides in nonmetallic industrial raw materials in Japan. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2014; 137:130-136. [PMID: 25046866 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2014.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2012] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Natural materials such as rock, ore, and clay, containing natural radioactive nuclides are widely used as industrial raw materials in Japan. If these are high concentrations, the workers who handle the material can be unknowingly exposed to radiation at a high level. In this study, about 80 nonmetallic natural materials frequently used as industrial raw materials in Japan were comprehensively collected from several industrial companies, and the activity concentrations of (238)U series, (232)Th series and (40)K in the materials was determined by ICP-MS (inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometer) and gamma ray spectrum analyses. Effective doses to workers handling them were estimated by using methods for dose estimation given in the RP 122. We found the activity concentrations to be lower than the critical values defined by regulatory requirements as described in the IAEA Safety Guide. The maximum estimated effective dose to workers handling these materials was 0.16 mSv y(-1), which was lower than the reference level (1-20 mSv y(-1)) for existing situation given in the ICRP Publ.103.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Iwaoka
- Research Center for Radiation Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Honcho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Tabe
- Research Center for Radiation Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Hidenori Yonehara
- Research Center for Radiation Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
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Mohapatra S, Sahoo SK, Dubey JS, Patra AC, Thakur VK, Tripathy SK, Sagar DV, Godbole SV, Ravi PM, Tripathi RM. Characterization of uranium and its progenies in drinking water and assessment of dose to public around a NHBRA, Odisha, India. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-014-3353-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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50
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Arunachalam KD, Baskaran KV, Rao DD, Sathyapriya R, Annamalai SK, Kuruva JK, Hari S. Ingestion of Polonium (210Po) via dietary sources in high background radiation areas of south India. Int J Radiat Biol 2014; 90:867-75. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2014.922720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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