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Fu Q, Lai JL, Li C, Ji XH, Luo XG. Phytotoxicity mechanism of the natural radionuclide thorium in Vicia faba. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127718. [PMID: 34815127 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Elucidation of the phytotoxic mechanisms of thorium (Th) is important for controlling Th accumulation in crops and improving the efficiency of phytoremediation. Here, we analyzed the subcellular distribution of Th in Vicia faba seedlings and the toxic reaction of seedlings to Th (5-40 μmol·L-1) at the subcellular and cellular levels. Increasing the phosphate level in the culture medium from 0.01 to 0.1 mmol·L-1 decreased the Th accumulation by the roots by 47-57%. Th was mainly distributed in the root cell walls (94-96%) and existed mainly in the form of residue (92-94%). Th accumulation in the root was similar to the changes observed for P, Ni, Cu, and Fe. High concentrations of Th (40 μmol·L-1) induced abnormal root growth and leaf photosynthetic metabolism. At the cellular level, Th (40 μmol·L-1) induced root edge cell death and inhibited root respiration and cell mitosis. SOD, POD and CAT activities were involved in the regulation of reactive oxygen species accumulation in the roots. Untargeted metabolomics identified 580 and 262 differentially expressed metabolites in roots and leaves. At the metabolic level, its toxicological mechanism involved a severe inhibition of the expression of nucleotides in roots and leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Fu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Jin-Long Lai
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China; Engineering Research Center of Biomass Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Chen Li
- College of Chemical and Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723000, China; State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Ji
- College of Chemical and Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723000, China; State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Xue-Gang Luo
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China; State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China.
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2
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Quezada-Martinez D, Addo Nyarko CP, Schiessl SV, Mason AS. Using wild relatives and related species to build climate resilience in Brassica crops. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2021; 134:1711-1728. [PMID: 33730183 PMCID: PMC8205867 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-021-03793-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Climate change will have major impacts on crop production: not just increasing drought and heat stress, but also increasing insect and disease loads and the chance of extreme weather events and further adverse conditions. Often, wild relatives show increased tolerances to biotic and abiotic stresses, due to reduced stringency of selection for yield and yield-related traits under optimum conditions. One possible strategy to improve resilience in our modern-day crop cultivars is to utilize wild relative germplasm in breeding, and attempt to introgress genetic factors contributing to greater environmental tolerances from these wild relatives into elite crop types. However, this approach can be difficult, as it relies on factors such as ease of hybridization and genetic distance between the source and target, crossover frequencies and distributions in the hybrid, and ability to select for desirable introgressions while minimizing linkage drag. In this review, we outline the possible effects that climate change may have on crop production, introduce the Brassica crop species and their wild relatives, and provide an index of useful traits that are known to be present in each of these species that may be exploitable through interspecific hybridization-based approaches. Subsequently, we outline how introgression breeding works, what factors affect the success of this approach, and how this approach can be optimized so as to increase the chance of recovering the desired introgression lines. Our review provides a working guide to the use of wild relatives and related crop germplasm to improve biotic and abiotic resistances in Brassica crop species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Quezada-Martinez
- Plant Breeding Department, Justus Liebig University, 35392, Giessen, Germany
- Plant Breeding Department, The University of Bonn, Katzenburgweg 5, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Charles P Addo Nyarko
- Plant Breeding Department, Justus Liebig University, 35392, Giessen, Germany
- Plant Breeding Department, The University of Bonn, Katzenburgweg 5, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sarah V Schiessl
- Plant Breeding Department, Justus Liebig University, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Annaliese S Mason
- Plant Breeding Department, Justus Liebig University, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
- Plant Breeding Department, The University of Bonn, Katzenburgweg 5, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
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Quezada-Martinez D, Addo Nyarko CP, Schiessl SV, Mason AS. Using wild relatives and related species to build climate resilience in Brassica crops. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2021; 134:1711-1728. [PMID: 33730183 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-021-03793-3.pdf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Climate change will have major impacts on crop production: not just increasing drought and heat stress, but also increasing insect and disease loads and the chance of extreme weather events and further adverse conditions. Often, wild relatives show increased tolerances to biotic and abiotic stresses, due to reduced stringency of selection for yield and yield-related traits under optimum conditions. One possible strategy to improve resilience in our modern-day crop cultivars is to utilize wild relative germplasm in breeding, and attempt to introgress genetic factors contributing to greater environmental tolerances from these wild relatives into elite crop types. However, this approach can be difficult, as it relies on factors such as ease of hybridization and genetic distance between the source and target, crossover frequencies and distributions in the hybrid, and ability to select for desirable introgressions while minimizing linkage drag. In this review, we outline the possible effects that climate change may have on crop production, introduce the Brassica crop species and their wild relatives, and provide an index of useful traits that are known to be present in each of these species that may be exploitable through interspecific hybridization-based approaches. Subsequently, we outline how introgression breeding works, what factors affect the success of this approach, and how this approach can be optimized so as to increase the chance of recovering the desired introgression lines. Our review provides a working guide to the use of wild relatives and related crop germplasm to improve biotic and abiotic resistances in Brassica crop species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Quezada-Martinez
- Plant Breeding Department, Justus Liebig University, 35392, Giessen, Germany
- Plant Breeding Department, The University of Bonn, Katzenburgweg 5, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Charles P Addo Nyarko
- Plant Breeding Department, Justus Liebig University, 35392, Giessen, Germany
- Plant Breeding Department, The University of Bonn, Katzenburgweg 5, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sarah V Schiessl
- Plant Breeding Department, Justus Liebig University, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Annaliese S Mason
- Plant Breeding Department, Justus Liebig University, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
- Plant Breeding Department, The University of Bonn, Katzenburgweg 5, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
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Hou M, Huo Y, Yang X, He Z. Absorption, transport, content, and subcellular distribution of vanadium in the polysaccharide fraction of cell wall in corn seedlings. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 149:153-158. [PMID: 32070908 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the tolerance of plants to vanadium (Ⅴ). The hydroponic method was employed to evaluate the absorption, transport, content, and subcellular distribution of vanadium in the polysaccharide fraction of corn seedlings cell wall under different concentrations of vanadium stress. Results showed that: (a) vanadium was mainly concentrated in the roots of the corn seedlings, and only trace amounts were transported to the leaves; (b) in terms of its subcellular distribution, vanadium was mainly enriched in cell wall regions followed by soluble fraction; (c) the content of vanadium in polysaccharide fraction was highest in alkali-soluble pectin, followed by chelated pectin (P < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Hou
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Jiangan Road No.12, Guilin City, Guangxi, China.
| | - Yan Huo
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Jiangan Road No.12, Guilin City, Guangxi, China
| | - Xinhan Yang
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Jiangan Road No.12, Guilin City, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhicheng He
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Jiangan Road No.12, Guilin City, Guangxi, China
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Hou M, Huo Y, Yang X, He Z. Chemical form and subcellular distribution of vanadium in corn seedlings. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Chao Z, Yin-Hua S, De-Xin D, Guang-Yue L, Yue-Ting C, Nan H, Hui Z, Zhong-Ran D, Feng L, Jing S, Yong-Dong W. Aspergillus niger changes the chemical form of uranium to decrease its biotoxicity, restricts its movement in plant and increase the growth of Syngonium podophyllum. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 224:316-323. [PMID: 30826701 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.01.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Aspergillus niger (A. niger) and Syngonium podophyllum (S. podophyllum) have been used for wastewater treatment, and have exhibited a promising application in recent years. To determine the effects of A. niger on uranium enrichment and uranium stress antagonism of S. podophyllum, the S. podophyllum-A. niger combined system was established, and hydroponic remediation experiments were carried out with uranium-containing wastewater. The results revealed that the bioaugmentation of A. niger could increase the biomass of S. podophyllum by 5-7%, reverse the process of U(VI) reduction induced by S. podophyllum, and increase the bioconcentration factor (BCF) and translocation factor (TF) of S. podophyllum to uranium by 35-41 and 0.01-0.06, respectively, thereby improving the reduction of uranium in wastewater. Moreover, A. niger could promote the cell wall immobilization and the subcellular compartmentalization of uranium in the root of S. podophyllum, reduce the phytotoxicity of uranium entering root cells, and inhibit the calcium efflux from root cells, thereby withdrawing the stress of uranium on S. podophyllum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zou Chao
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Heng Yang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Sha Yin-Hua
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Heng Yang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ding De-Xin
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Heng Yang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Guang-Yue
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Heng Yang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Cui Yue-Ting
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Heng Yang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hu Nan
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Heng Yang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhang Hui
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Heng Yang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dai Zhong-Ran
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Heng Yang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Feng
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Heng Yang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Sun Jing
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Heng Yang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Yong-Dong
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Heng Yang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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Shi X, Wang S, Wang D, Sun H, Chen Y, Liu J, Jiang Z. Woody species Rhus chinensis Mill. seedlings tolerance to Pb: Physiological and biochemical response. J Environ Sci (China) 2019; 78:63-73. [PMID: 30665657 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Screening potential plant species is a crucial consideration in phytoremediation technology. Our previous study demonstrated that Rhus chinensis Mill. seedlings had potentials for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil. However, its bioaccumulation and tolerance characteristics remain unclear. Seedling growth, LMWOAs secreted by roots, Pb subcellular distribution and chemical forms, and mineral elements in R. chinensis tissues were evaluated under different Pb concentrations (0, 25, 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/L) in culture solution at 14 days after planting. R. chinensis did not show visual symptoms of Pb toxicity under lower Pb treatments; however, Pb significantly declined the growth of seedlings under higher Pb treatments. Higher Pb stress also decreased the concentrations of nitrogen in leaves, but increased the concentrations of P and K in roots. Pb stress also decreased Mn concentrations in leaves. A great quantity of Pb was uptake and mostly retained in R. chinensis roots. Nonetheless, R. chinensis can still concentrate 459.3 and 1102.7 mg/kg Pb in leaves and stems, respectively. Most of Pb in R. chinensis tissues was stored in the cell wall with HAc-, HCl-, and NaCl-extractable form. LMWOAs secreted by R. chinensis roots showed a strong positive correlation with Pb concentrations in all plant tissues and with P in roots. Our results suggested that Pb deposited in the cell wall and integration with phosphate or oxalate might be responsible for the tolerance of R. chinensis under Pb stress in short period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Shi
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding of Zhejiang Province, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China; Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Shufeng Wang
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding of Zhejiang Province, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Dongxue Wang
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding of Zhejiang Province, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China; Forestry College of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhehot 010019, China
| | - Haijing Sun
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding of Zhejiang Province, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Yitai Chen
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding of Zhejiang Province, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China.
| | - Zeping Jiang
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China.
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Cheng X, ChiQuan H, Shi Z, Chen X, Oh K, Xia L, Liu X, Xiong P, Muo Q. Effect of spent mushroom substrate on strengthening the phytoremediation potential of Ricinus communis to Cd- and Zn-polluted soil. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2019; 20:1389-1399. [PMID: 30652507 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2018.1474439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Phytoremediation is a kind of efficient strategy for remediating soils polluted with heavy metals. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) on the phytoremediation potential of Ricinus communis in Cd- and Zn-polluted soil. We treated the soil with SMS before growing plants and analyzed the contents, distribution of heavy metals, and response of plants after growth. SMS increased the contents of Cd (5%-13%) and Zn (16%-20%) in the cell wall. This finding suggested that high amounts of Cd and Zn were absorbed and bonded to the cell wall through metabolism adaption and formed stable compounds, which reduced the damage of the heavy metal to cells. SMS also decreased the levels of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase by 9.5%-27.7%, 8.8%-30.0% and 8.5%-28.1%, respectively. Treatment of SMS alleviated the toxicity of heavy metal in plants and increased the extracted amounts of Zn and Cd by 101%-227% and 51%-189%, respectively. Hence, SMS treatment could reduce the toxicity of heavy metals to plants and strengthen the phytoremediation potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Cheng
- a College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering , Shanghai University , Shanghai , China
- b Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops , Shanghai University , Shanghai , China
| | - He ChiQuan
- a College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering , Shanghai University , Shanghai , China
- b Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops , Shanghai University , Shanghai , China
| | - Zhengchi Shi
- b Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops , Shanghai University , Shanghai , China
| | - Xueping Chen
- a College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering , Shanghai University , Shanghai , China
| | - Kokyo Oh
- c Center for Environmental Science in Saitama , Saitama , Japan
| | - Liang Xia
- a College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering , Shanghai University , Shanghai , China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- a College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering , Shanghai University , Shanghai , China
| | - Pengpeng Xiong
- b Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops , Shanghai University , Shanghai , China
| | - Qiong Muo
- d Guizhou Institute of Prataculture , Guiyang , Guizhou , China
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Guo J, Yang J, Yang J, Chen T, Guo L. Subcellular cadmium distribution and antioxidant enzymatic activities in the leaves of four Hylotelephium spectabile populations exhibit differences in phytoextraction potential. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2019; 21:209-216. [PMID: 30648413 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2018.1524836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Hylotelephium spectabile with high tolerance to cadmium (Cd) might be a potential candidate for phytoremediation. However, the mechanisms for Cd accumulation and tolerance in H. spectabile are poorly understood. Four H. spectabile populations, namely HB1, HB2, JS, and LN, were selected to investigate their Cd extraction potential and the underlying mechanism of Cd accumulation, focusing on subcellular distribution and antioxidant enzymes. The Cd concentration, bioconcentration factor and transfer factor of the LN was significantly higher than other populations, particularly with increasing Cd exposure, and no obvious growth inhibition observed. Segregation of excessive Cd to Cd-rich granule in LN was much higher than other populations which reveal one possible mechanism of Cd accumulation. A significant increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities with increasing Cd stress suggested SOD and CAT contribute to the Cd tolerance of H. spectabile. LN displayed significantly higher and constant peroxidase (POD) activities than other populations, which indicated that an effective mechanism existed in the LN to cope with Cd stress. Therefore, the subcellular distribution and antioxidant enzymes might play important roles in Cd accumulation and tolerance of H. spectabile. LN possessed high Cd extraction potential, and further studies under field conditions are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmei Guo
- a Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , P. R. China
- b University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Jun Yang
- a Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , P. R. China
| | - Junxing Yang
- a Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , P. R. China
| | - Tongbin Chen
- a Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , P. R. China
| | - Lin Guo
- c Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences , Texas A&M , Commerce , TX , USA
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Mazari K, Landa P, Přerostová S, Müller K, Vaňková R, Soudek P, Vaněk T. Thorium impact on tobacco root transcriptome. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 325:163-169. [PMID: 27931000 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.11.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Thorium is natural actinide metal with potential use in nuclear energetics. Contamination by thorium, originated from mining activities or spills, represents environmental risk due to its radioactivity and chemical toxicity. A promising approach for cleaning of contaminated areas is phytoremediation, which need to be based, however, on detail understanding of the thorium effects on plants. In this study we investigated transcriptomic response of tobacco roots exposed to 200μM thorium for one week. Thorium application resulted in up-regulation of 152 and down-regulation of 100 genes (p-value <0.01, fold change ≥2). The stimulated genes were involved in components of jasmonic acid and salicylic acid signaling pathways and various abiotic (e.g. oxidative stress) and biotic stress (e.g. pathogens, wounding) responsive genes. Further, up-regulation of phosphate starvation genes and down-regulation of genes involved in phytic acid biosynthesis indicated that thorium disturbed phosphate uptake or signaling. Also expression of iron responsive genes was influenced. Negative regulation of several aquaporins indicated disturbance of water homeostasis. Genes potentially involved in thorium transport could be zinc-induced facilitator ZIF2, plant cadmium resistance PCR2, and ABC transporter ABCG40. This study provides the first insight at the processes in plants exposed to thorium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Mazari
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, v.v.i., Rozvojová 263, 165 02 Prague 6, Lysolaje, Czechia; Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Praha 6, Suchdol, 165 21, Czechia
| | - Přemysl Landa
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, v.v.i., Rozvojová 263, 165 02 Prague 6, Lysolaje, Czechia
| | - Sylva Přerostová
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, v.v.i., Rozvojová 263, 165 02 Prague 6, Lysolaje, Czechia; Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 5, 128 44 Prague 2, Czechia
| | - Karel Müller
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, v.v.i., Rozvojová 263, 165 02 Prague 6, Lysolaje, Czechia
| | - Radomíra Vaňková
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, v.v.i., Rozvojová 263, 165 02 Prague 6, Lysolaje, Czechia
| | - Petr Soudek
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, v.v.i., Rozvojová 263, 165 02 Prague 6, Lysolaje, Czechia
| | - Tomáš Vaněk
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, v.v.i., Rozvojová 263, 165 02 Prague 6, Lysolaje, Czechia.
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