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Anguchamy V, Arumugam M. Enhancing the neuroprotective effect of squid outer skin astaxanthin against rotenone-induced neurotoxicity in in-vitro model for Parkinson's disease. Food Chem Toxicol 2023:113846. [PMID: 37277017 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Rotenone is a widely used organic pesticide that induces neurotoxicity via inhibition of mitochondrial complex I and oxidative stress actions for the most of dopaminergic neurons as that occurring in Parkinsonism disease (PD). Astaxanthin (ASX) is a natural pigment (carotenoids) and a potent therapeutic compound due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The commercially important cephalopod Doryteuthis singhalensis is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical waters in World Ocean. D. singhalensis is an important source of astaxanthin that contains valuable biological active compounds with many valuable pharmacological effects. The present study evaluated the effect of astaxanthin in preventing rotenone-induced toxicity of SK-N-SH human neuroblastoma cells in an in vitro model of experimental Parkinsonism. The results revealed the strongly significant antioxidant capability of extracted squid astaxanthin in 1,1- diphenyl- 2- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. In addition, astaxanthin treatment based on dose dependent manner significantly attenuated rotenone induced cytotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in SKN- SH cells. It is concluded that the marine squid derived astaxanthin could be used as a potential neuroprotector against rotenone induced toxicity due to its antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic properties. Consequently, it could be a supportive remedy for neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veeruraj Anguchamy
- Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, 608 502, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Muthuvel Arumugam
- Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, 608 502, Tamilnadu, India
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Hua Y, Xu XX, Guo S, Xie H, Yan H, Ma XF, Niu Y, Duan JA. Wild Jujube ( Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa): A Review of Its Phytonutrients, Health Benefits, Metabolism, and Applications. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:7871-7886. [PMID: 35731918 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Wild jujube, Ziziphus jujuba Mill. var. spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H. F. Chou, as a food and health supplement worldwide, has rich nutritional value. It contains nutrients such as nucleosides, amino acids, polysaccharides, and fatty oils. The fruits, seeds, and leaves of wild jujube can all be used for food, medicine, or health care purposes. Among these, the fruits play many roles, such as antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory functions, and can be used as a natural nutritional supplement to prevent aging. Simultaneously, the mature seed of wild jujube exhibits beneficial effects on central nervous system diseases and is often used for the treatment of insomnia and as a functional food for improving sleep quality and enhancing learning and memory. This review presents an overview of research progress relevant to the phytonutrients, biological functions, metabolism of bioactive compounds, and applications of wild jujube and aims to provide a scientific reference for the development and utilization of this plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hua
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Xiao-Xue Xu
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Sheng Guo
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Hong Xie
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Hui Yan
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Xin-Fei Ma
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Yang Niu
- Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Jin-Ao Duan
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
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Antidepressant-Like Effects of Ethanol Extract of Ziziphus jujuba Mill Seeds in Mice. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10207374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The antidepressant-like activity of ethanol extract of Ziziphus jujuba Mill var. spinosa seeds (Semen Ziziphi Spinosae, SZS) was investigated by behavioral tests, such as a forced swimming test (FST), a tail-suspension test (TST), and an open field test (OFT), using mice exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). In the TST, immobility times of the extract-treated groups E100 and E300 (CUMS + 100 and 300 mg/kg extract, respectively) were significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner compared with the negative control (CUMS; p < 0.01, though those of E100 and E300 were higher than those of the positive control (CUMS + 15 mg/kg fluoxetine). In the FST, immobility times of E100 and E300 were decreased compared to the normal control. In the OFT, total and zone distances of E100 and E300 were significantly higher than those of negative controls (p < 0.01) with a dose dependency. In liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis after behavioral tests, norepinephrine (NE) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) levels in the hippocampus tissues of E100 and E300 were significantly higher than those of negative controls. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in the hippocampus tissues of E100 and E300 were higher than those of negative controls. From these results, the SZS ethanol extract exhibited significant antidepressant-like effects via immobility decrease, distance increase, hippocampal NE and 5-HT increase, and BDNF expression. These results suggest that the extract could be a potential antidepressant agent.
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Bortolatto CF, Reis AS, Pinz MP, Voss GT, Oliveira RL, Vogt AG, Roman S, Jesse CR, Luchese C, Wilhelm EA. Selective A 2A receptor antagonist SCH 58261 modulates striatal oxidative stress and alleviates toxicity induced by 3-Nitropropionic acid in male Wistar rats. Metab Brain Dis 2017; 32:1919-1927. [PMID: 28795281 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-0086-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of SCH58261, a selective adenosine A2A receptor antagonist, on striatal toxicity induced by 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) in rats. The experimental protocol consisted of 10 administrations (once a day) of SCH58261 (0.01 or 0.05 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneal, i.p.). From 7th to 10th day, 3-NP (20 mg/kg/day, i.p.) was injected 1 h after SCH58261 administration. Twenty-four hours after the last 3-NP injection, the body weight gain, locomotor activity (open-field test), motor coordination (rotarod test), striatal succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity and parameters linked to striatal oxidative status were evaluated in rats. The marked body weight loss resulting from 3-NP injections in rats was partially protected by SCH 58261 at both doses. SCH 58261 at the highest dose was effective against impairments on motor coordination and locomotor activity induced by 3-NP. SCH 58261 was unable to restore the inhibition of SDH activity caused by 3-NP. In addition, the increase in striatal reactive species (RS) levels, depletion of reduced glutathione (GSH) content and stimulation of glutathione reductase (GR) activity provoked by 3-NP injections were alleviated by both doses of SCH 58261. The highest dose of SCH 58261 was also effective in attenuating the increase of protein carbonyl levels as well as the inhibition of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in rats exposed to 3-NP. Our results revealed that reduction of oxidative stress in rat striatum by adenosine A2A receptor antagonism contributes for alleviating 3-NP-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiani F Bortolatto
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção (PPGBio), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Campus Capão do Leão, Pelotas, RS, CEP 96010-900, Brazil.
| | - Angélica S Reis
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção (PPGBio), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Campus Capão do Leão, Pelotas, RS, CEP 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Mikaela P Pinz
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção (PPGBio), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Campus Capão do Leão, Pelotas, RS, CEP 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Guilherme T Voss
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção (PPGBio), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Campus Capão do Leão, Pelotas, RS, CEP 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Renata L Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção (PPGBio), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Campus Capão do Leão, Pelotas, RS, CEP 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Ane G Vogt
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção (PPGBio), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Campus Capão do Leão, Pelotas, RS, CEP 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Silvane Roman
- Universidade Regional Integrada, Campus Erechim, Erechim, RS, CEP 99700-000, Brazil
| | - Cristiano R Jesse
- Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas Aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas - LaftamBio Pampa, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Itaqui, RS, CEP 97650-000, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Luchese
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção (PPGBio), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Campus Capão do Leão, Pelotas, RS, CEP 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Ethel A Wilhelm
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção (PPGBio), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Campus Capão do Leão, Pelotas, RS, CEP 96010-900, Brazil.
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Shergis JL, Ni X, Sarris J, Zhang AL, Guo X, Xue CC, Lu C, Hugel H. Ziziphus spinosa seeds for insomnia: A review of chemistry and psychopharmacology. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 34:38-43. [PMID: 28899507 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Chinese medicine, Ziziphus jujuba Mill. var. spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H. F. Chou is widely used for the treatment of insomnia. PURPOSE/SECTIONS This paper summarises the chemistry, psychopharmacology, and compares the pharmaceutical effects of the seeds of Ziziphus jujuba plant, Ziziphus spinosa (ZS) seeds, with benzodiazepines. Whole extracts and constituent compounds have been evaluated in preclinical and clinical studies. CONCLUSIONS ZS secondary metabolites modulate GABAergic activity and the serotonergic system. The actual therapeutic agents require further confirmation/identification so that new insomnia phytomedicines can be discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannah Linda Shergis
- China-Australia International Research Centre for Chinese Medicine, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, PO Box 71, Bundoora 3083, Australia
| | - Xiaojia Ni
- China-Australia International Research Centre for Chinese Medicine, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, PO Box 71, Bundoora 3083, Australia; Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, and The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 111 Dade Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510120, PR China
| | - Jerome Sarris
- Department of Psychiatry and The Melbourne Clinic, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3121, Australia; Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, PO Box 218, Hawthorn 3122, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anthony Lin Zhang
- China-Australia International Research Centre for Chinese Medicine, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, PO Box 71, Bundoora 3083, Australia
| | - Xinfeng Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, and The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 111 Dade Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510120, PR China
| | - Charlie C Xue
- China-Australia International Research Centre for Chinese Medicine, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, PO Box 71, Bundoora 3083, Australia; Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, and The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 111 Dade Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510120, PR China
| | - Chuanjian Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, and The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 111 Dade Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510120, PR China.
| | - Helmut Hugel
- School of Science, RMIT University, PO Box 2476, Melbourne 3001 VIC, Australia.
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More SV, Choi DK. Atractylenolide-I Protects Human SH-SY5Y Cells from 1-Methyl-4-Phenylpyridinium-Induced Apoptotic Cell Death. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1012. [PMID: 28481321 PMCID: PMC5454925 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18051012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and apoptosis are the major mechanisms that induce dopaminergic cell death. Our study investigates the protective effects of atractylenolide-I (ATR-I) on 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP⁺)-induced cytotoxicity in human dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells, as well as its underlying mechanism. Our experimental data indicates that ATR-I significantly inhibits the loss of cell viability induced by MPP⁺ in SH-SY5Y cells. To further unravel the mechanism, we examined the effect of ATR-I on MPP⁺-induced apoptotic cell death characterized by an increase in the Bax/Bcl-2 mRNA ratio, the release of cytochrome-c, and the activation of caspase-3 leading to elevated levels of cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) resulting in SH-SY5Y cell death. Our results demonstrated that ATR-I decreases the level of pro-apoptotic proteins induced by MPP⁺ and also restored Bax/Bcl-2 mRNA levels, which are critical for inducing apoptosis. In addition, ATR-I demonstrated a significant increase in the protein expression of heme-oxygenase in MPP⁺-treated SH-SY5Y cells. These results suggest that the pharmacological effect of ATR-I may be, at least in part, caused by the reduction in pro-apoptotic signals and also by induction of anti-oxidant protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Vasant More
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea.
| | - Dong-Kug Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea.
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Gupta S, Gupta YK. Combination of Zizyphus jujuba and silymarin showed better neuroprotective effect as compared to single agent in MCAo-induced focal cerebral ischemia in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 197:118-127. [PMID: 27452658 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.07.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Traditionally, Zizyphus jujuba is used for anticonvulsant, hypnotic-sedative, anxiolytic, tranquilizer, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Likewise silymarin is popularly used for its potent antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects. Stroke being a multifactorial disease with unsatisfactory treatment outcomes, necessitates development of multimodal therapeutic interventions. Thus, we evaluated the therapeutic benefits of herbal combination of Z. jujuba and silymarin in a focal cerebral ischemia model. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the neuroprotective potential of hydroalcoholic extract of Z. jujuba (HEZJ) fruit and silymarin alone and in combination in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) model of focal cerebral ischemia in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Wistar rats were pretreated with HEZJ (100, 250 and 500mg/kg, p.o.) or silymarin (250mg/kg, p.o.) for 3 days prior to induction of MCAo. Neurological deficit score, motor impairment and cerebral infarction were assessed 24h following MCAo. HEZJ (250mg/kg) co-administered with silymarin (250mg/kg) for 3 days prior to induction of MCAo was also evaluated for above parameters and oxidative stress. Malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in the cortex, striatum and hippocampal brain regions were estimated 24h post MCAo. RESULTS Pretreatment with HEZJ and silymarin reduced the neurological deficit score, motor impairment and cerebral infarction volume. HEZJ and silymarin pretreatment also ameliorated the oxidative stress in different brain regions, which was evident from increased SOD levels, decreased MDA and NO levels as compared to MCAo control rats. Interestingly neuroprotective efficacy was potentiated by pretreatment with HEZJ and silymarin combination. CONCLUSION Pretreatment with HEZJ and silymarin combination was observed to have better neuroprotection mediated via amelioration of oxidative stress in the focal cerebral ischemia model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeetha Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Yogendra Kumar Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India.
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Rodríguez Villanueva J, Rodríguez Villanueva L. Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology ofZiziphus jujubaMills. Phytother Res 2017; 31:347-365. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Rodríguez Villanueva
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology Unit; 28805 Alcalá de Henares Madrid Spain
- Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Alcalá; Ctra. de Madrid-Barcelona (Autovía A2) Km. 33,600 28805 Alcalá de Henares Madrid Spain
| | - Laura Rodríguez Villanueva
- Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Alcalá; Ctra. de Madrid-Barcelona (Autovía A2) Km. 33,600 28805 Alcalá de Henares Madrid Spain
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Bansal P, Kaur R, Gupta V, Kumar S, Kaur R. Is There Any Scientific Basis of Hawan to be used in Epilepsy-Prevention/Cure? J Epilepsy Res 2015; 5:33-45. [PMID: 26819935 PMCID: PMC4724851 DOI: 10.14581/jer.15009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a neuropsychiatric disorder associated with religiosity and spirituality. Nasal drug delivery systems are the best for diseases related to brain. In older times RishiMuni, ancient scholars and physicians used to recommend Hawan for mental peace and well being. Gayatri Mantra also tells that sughandhim (aroma, fragrance) puushtivardhanam (gives rise to good health). Om triambkum yajamahe, sughandhim puushtivardhanam, urvarukmev vandhanaat, mrityu mokshay mamritaat! Hawan is a scientific experiment in which special herbs (Hawan Samagri) are offered in the fire of medicinal woods ignited in a specially designed fire pit called agnikuñda. Hawan seems to be designed by the ancient scholars to fight with the diseases of the brain. Our metadata analysis demonstrates that the components of Hawan are having a number of volatile oils that are specifically useful for epilepsy through one or the other mechanism of action. Due to high temperature of fire the vapors of these oils enter into the central nervous system through nasal route. The routine of performing Hawan might keep the threshold value of the therapeutic components in the body and help in preventing epilepsy. In the present manuscript authors have tried to highlight and integrate the modern and ancient concepts for treatment and prevention of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parveen Bansal
- Baba Farid University of Health Sciences University Centre of Excellence in Research; India
| | - Ramandeep Kaur
- Baba Farid University of Health Sciences University Centre of Excellence in Research; India
| | - Vikas Gupta
- Baba Farid University of Health Sciences University Centre of Excellence in Research; India
| | - Sanjiv Kumar
- National Medicinal Plant Board, Department of AYUSH, Punjab, India
| | - RamanPreet Kaur
- Baba Farid University of Health Sciences University Centre of Excellence in Research; India
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Zhang Y, Qiao L, Song M, Wang L, Xie J, Feng H. Hplc-ESI-MS/MS analysis of the water-soluble extract from Ziziphi spinosae semen and its ameliorating effect of learning and memory performance in mice. Pharmacogn Mag 2014; 10:509-16. [PMID: 25422554 PMCID: PMC4239731 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.141777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ziziphi Spinosae Semen (ZSS), the seed of Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H. F. Chow., is a traditional herb for insomnia and anxiety in eastern Asia. However, few researches have been concerned with its effect on ameliorating memory and learning performance. Objective: To investigate the constituents of ZSS water soluble extract and its ameliorating learning and memory in mice. Materials and Methods: A new high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS) method was developed and validated to determine the main constituents in the extract. The effect of ZSS water soluble extract on memory and learning performance was investigated in mice by Y-maze and passive avoidance test. Results: The extract could significantly decrease the number of errors (NOE), and increase the transfer latency time (TLT) and electrical stimuli time (EST). In addition, spinosin, jujuboside A (JuA) and jujuboside B (JuB) were simultaneously identified and quantified in the extract. Their contents in the extract were as followed: Spinosin (223.51mg/g), JuA (63.76mg/g) and JuB (26.29mg/g). Conclusion: The extract played a promising role in ameliorating memory in mice with alcohol induced memory retrieval disorders, and might help to improve learning capacity to some extent. Spinosin, JuA and JuB were the predominant constituents, which might be mainly responsible for the definite activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Egineering, College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, People's Republic of China ; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Tianjin 300134, People's Republic of China
| | - Longdong Qiao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Egineering, College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyuan Song
- Department of Pharmaceutical Egineering, College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Egineering, College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, People's Republic of China ; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Tianjin 300134, People's Republic of China
| | - Junbo Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Egineering, College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, People's Republic of China ; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Tianjin 300134, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Egineering, College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, People's Republic of China
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Xu MY, Lee SY, Kang SS, Kim YS. Antitumor activity of jujuboside B and the underlying mechanism via induction of apoptosis and autophagy. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2014; 77:370-376. [PMID: 24547878 DOI: 10.1021/np401022g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Jujuboside B (1) is one of the saponins isolated from the seeds of Zizyphus jujuba var. spinosa, which are used as a well-known traditional medicine for the treatment of insomnia and anxiety in East Asian countries. This is the first study to investigate the antitumor mechanism of 1 in vivo and in vitro. The results showed that 1 induced apoptosis and autophagy in AGS and HCT 116 human cancer cells and also effectively suppressed tumor growth in a nude mouse xenograft model bearing HCT 116 cells. The apoptosis-inducing effect of 1 was characterized by annexin V/propidium iodide staining, sub-G1 phase increase, and caspase-3 activation. Mechanistic studies showed that 1-induced apoptosis is associated with the extrinsic pathway through an increase in FasL and caspase-8 activation. Moreover, 1 activated p38/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and the extrinsic pathway-mediated apoptosis was attenuated by both SB202190 (a p38 inhibitor) and SP600125 (a JNK inhibitor). The autophagy-inducing effect was indicated by the formation of cytoplasmic vacuoles and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain-3 II (LC3-II) conversion. The autophagy inhibitor bafilomycin A1 (BaF) decreased 1-induced cell viability and increased pp38, pJNK, FasL, caspase-8 activation, and caspase-3 activation. Taken together, these results demonstrate that 1 induced protective autophagy to retard extrinsic pathway-mediated apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ying Xu
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University , Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
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Kim WI, Zhao BT, Zhang HY, Lee JH, Son JK, Woo MH. Quantitative and pattern recognition analyses of magnoflorine, spinosin, 6'''-feruloyl spinosin and jujuboside A by HPLC in Zizyphi Semen. Arch Pharm Res 2013; 37:1139-47. [PMID: 24310099 PMCID: PMC4143599 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-013-0295-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Two rapid and simple HPLC methods with UV detector to determine three main compounds (magnoflorine, spinosin and 6′′′-feruloyl spinosin) and evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD) to determine jujuboside A were developed for the chemical analyses of Zizyphi Semen. Magnoflorine, spinosin, and 6′′′-feruloyl spinosin were separated with an YMC J’sphere ODS-H80 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 4 μm) by the gradient elution followed by the isocratic elution using methanol with 0.1 % formic acid and water with 0.1 % formic acid as the mobile phase. The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min. Jujuboside A was separated by HPLC–ELSD with YoungJinBioChrom Aegispak C18-L column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) column in a gradient elution using methanol with 0.1 % formic acid (A) and water with 0.1 % formic acid as the mobile phase. These two methods were fully validated with respect to linearity, precision, accuracy, stability, and robustness. These HPLC methods were applied successfully to quantify four compounds in a Zizyphi Semen extract. The HPLC analytical methods were validated for pattern recognition analysis by repeated analysis of 91 seed samples corresponding to 48 Zizyphus jujuba var. spinosa (J01–J48) and 43 Zizyphus mauritiana (M01–M43). The results indicate that these methods are suitable for a quality evaluation of Zizyphi Semen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Il Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan, 712-702, Korea
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Lee HE, Lee SY, Kim JS, Park SJ, Kim JM, Lee YW, Jung JM, Kim DH, Shin BY, Jang DS, Kang SS, Ryu JH. Ethanolic Extract of the Seed of Zizyphus jujuba var. spinosa Ameliorates Cognitive Impairment Induced by Cholinergic Blockade in Mice. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2013; 21:299-306. [PMID: 24244815 PMCID: PMC3819903 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2013.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the effect of ethanolic extract of the seed of Zizyphus jujuba var. spinosa (EEZS) on cholinergic blockade-induced memory impairment in mice. Male ICR mice were treated with EEZS. The behavioral tests were conducted using the passive avoidance, the Y-maze, and the Morris water maze tasks. EEZS (100 or 200 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly ameliorated the scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment in our present behavioral tasks without changes of locomotor activity. The ameliorating effect of EEZS on scopolamine-induced memory impairment was significantly reversed by a sub-effective dose of MK-801 (0.0125 mg/kg, s.c.). In addition, single administration of EEZS in normal naïve mouse enhanced latency time in the passive avoidance task. Western blot analysis was employed to confirm the mechanism of memory-ameliorating effect of EEZS. Administration of EEZS (200 mg/kg) increased the level of memory-related signaling molecules, including phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase or cAMP response element-binding protein in the hippocampal region. Also, the time-dependent expression level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor by the administration of EEZS was markedly increased from 3 to 9 h. These results suggest that EEZS has memory-ameliorating effect on scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment, which is mediated by the enhancement of the cholinergic neurotransmitter system, in part, via NMDA receptor signaling, and that EEZS would be useful agent against cognitive dysfunction such as Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Eun Lee
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science ; Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute
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Liang W, Lam WP, Tang HC, Leung PC, Yew DT. Current Evidence of Chinese Herbal Constituents with Effects on NMDA Receptor Blockade. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2013; 6:1039-54. [PMID: 24276380 PMCID: PMC3817734 DOI: 10.3390/ph6081039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
NMDA receptor (NMDA-R) is an important molecular entity governing a wide range of functions in the central nervous system. For example, the NMDA-R is involved in memory and cognition, and impairment of both (as in Alzheimer's Disease) is attributed to NMDA-mediated neurotoxicity. With greater understanding of the NMDA-R structure, antagonists with varying degrees of binding-site and subtype selectivity have been developed and put into clinical use. Discovery of target-specific Chinese herbs have also been made in parallel. This article provides an overview of the known active sites on the NMDA-R, followed by a discussion of the relevant herbs and their constituents. Experimental evidence supporting the inhibitory role of the herbal compounds on the NMDA-R is highlighted. For some of the compounds, potential research directions are also proposed to further elucidate the underlying mechanisms of the herbs. It is envisaged that future investigations based on the present data will allow more clinically relevant herbs to be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willmann Liang
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; E-Mails: (W.P.L.); (H.C.T.); (P.C.L.)
| | | | | | | | - David T. Yew
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; E-Mails: (W.P.L.); (H.C.T.); (P.C.L.)
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Can medical herbs stimulate regeneration or neuroprotection and treat neuropathic pain in chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy? EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:423713. [PMID: 23983777 PMCID: PMC3747437 DOI: 10.1155/2013/423713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced neuropathy (CIPN) has a relevant impact on the quality of life of cancer patients. There are no curative conventional treatments, so further options have to be investigated. We conducted a systematic review in English and Chinese language databases to illuminate the role of medical herbs. 26 relevant studies on 5 single herbs, one extract, one receptor-agonist, and 8 combinations of herbs were identified focusing on the single herbs Acorus calamus rhizoma, Cannabis sativa fructus, Chamomilla matricaria, Ginkgo biloba, Salvia officinalis, Sweet bee venom, Fritillaria cirrhosae bulbus, and the herbal combinations Bu Yang Huan Wu, modified Bu Yang Huan Wu plus Liuwei Di Huang, modified Chai Hu Long Gu Mu Li Wan, Geranii herba plus Aconiti lateralis praeparata radix , Niu Che Sen Qi Wan (Goshajinkigan), Gui Zhi Jia Shu Fu Tang (Keishikajutsubuto), Huang Qi Wu Wu Tang (Ogikeishigomotsuto), and Shao Yao Gan Cao Tang (Shakuyakukanzoto). The knowledge of mechanism of action is still limited, the quality of clinical trials needs further improvement, and studies have not yielded enough evidence to establish a standard practice, but a lot of promising substances have been identified. While CIPN has multiple mechanisms of neuronal degeneration, a combination of herbs or substances might deal with multiple targets for the aim of neuroprotection or neuroregeneration in CIPN.
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Zhang T, Xie J, Zhang Y, Chen D. HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY COUPLED WITH TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY APPLIED FOR METABOLIC STUDY OF SPINOSIN BY RAT INTESTINAL FLORA. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2012.691439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering , Tianjin University of Commerce , Tianjin , China
- b School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Junbo Xie
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering , Tianjin University of Commerce , Tianjin , China
| | - Yanqing Zhang
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering , Tianjin University of Commerce , Tianjin , China
| | - Dawei Chen
- b School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China
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Pahuja M, Kleekal T, Reeta KH, Tripathi M, Gupta YK. Interaction profile of Zizyphus jujuba with phenytoin, phenobarbitone, and carbamazepine in maximal electroshock-induced seizures in rats. Epilepsy Behav 2012; 25:368-73. [PMID: 23103312 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2012.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Revised: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The antiepileptic effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Zizyphus jujuba (HEZJ) in experimental seizures was demonstrated earlier. The present study aimed to evaluate the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions of HEZJ with phenytoin (PHT), phenobarbitone (PB), and carbamazepine (CBZ) in maximal electroshock (MES)-induced seizures in male Wistar rats. Maximal electroshock (70 mA, 9 ms pulse width, 0.2 s) was used to induce seizures. Blood samples were collected at two time points for estimation of serum PHT, PB, and CBZ levels using high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Co-administration of HEZJ with the sub-therapeutic doses of PHT, PB, and CBZ exhibited 66.7, 66.7, and 50.0% protection against tonic hind limb extension as compared to 33.3, 33.3, and 50% protection respectively, in the groups treated with PHT, PB, and CBZ alone in their sub-therapeutic doses. Co-administration of HEZJ with the sub-therapeutic doses of these antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) showed significant improvement in cognitive functions as compared to MES group as well as these AEDs alone. A significant increase in glutathione levels and decrease in malondialdehyde levels were observed with pretreatment of HEZJ with the sub-therapeutic doses of these AEDs. Co-administration of HEZJ with PHT, PB, and CBZ did not cause any significant changes in the serum concentrations of these AEDs. The results of the present study indicate that the co-administration of HEZJ with sub-therapeutic doses of PHT and PB potentiated the antiepileptic effect of PHT and PB in MES-induced seizures with no change found in the antiepileptic effect of CBZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Pahuja
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
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Brindza J, Karmatovská M, Grygorieva O, Vietoris V, Kucelová L, Erdélyová G. Morphological and organoleptic nature of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. POTRAVINARSTVO 2011. [DOI: 10.5219/165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim of the experiment was to determine morphological and sensory differences between selected Ziziphus jujube Mill. genotypes. For experimental study were used 19 seed grown genotypes planted in experimental garden of the Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra. In our laboratories were analysed quantitative and qualitative traits of matured fruits. In the collection of genotypes were identified by morphological analysis the average weight in range from 4.68 to 0.66 grams, length of 21.67 to 0.77 mm, and width of 16.97 to 0.67 mm. Mass weight ratio of fresh pulp to total fruit were determined in the range 57-79%. In the group of selected genotypes were identified significant differences in the pulp and pericarp pigmentation. With stones was determined the average weight in the range 0.90-0.24 g, length from 14.35-0.58 mm and width 8.32-0.34 mm. Significant differences has ben found in stones shape and color of analyzed genotypes as well. For the evaluation of sensory analysis was applied the 9 point scale. By sensory analysis were evaluated the dried fruit pulp samples of five genotypes (A, B, C, D, E) and 8 genotypes (AV, BV, CV,DV, EV, PV , GV, HV) samples of dried flesh for 60 minutes boiled in water and then extracted. Among the samples were identified significant differences in taste too. Gained experience and results can be used for expansion of jujube specific genotypes in Slovakia with primary orientation on organic agriculture and/or for other applications in practice as well.
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Tmáková L, Sekretár S, Schmidt Š, Hlásniková J, Vrbiková L, Kreps F. Natural surfactants and their use in food industry. POTRAVINARSTVO 2011. [DOI: 10.5219/170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms produce wide range of surfactants, generally called biosurfactants. These compounds are mainly divided according to their molecular weight, physico - chemical properties and mode of action. Saponins, plant surfactants, have properties of soap and they are high foaming and therefore are used in cosmetic (shampoos, liquid soaps et cetera) and food industry (sweeteners, food additives into the effervescents et cetera). Most of them are spread in plants of agriculture importance and some of them are basic segments in human food. They often occur in plants (in more then 100 species). Saponins can be find in vegetables as a soya, a bean, a lentil, a spinach, a tomato, a potato, a garlic, a onion. Today biosurfactants are mainly used in bioremediation but they can be utilized in many sectors of food industry. We have paid attention to some microbial and plant surfactants and their prospects of exploitation in this industry.
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Protective effect of 2,2′-dithienyl diselenide on kainic acid-induced neurotoxicity in rat hippocampus. Neuroscience 2011; 193:300-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2011] [Revised: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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DING KE, XIAO SISI, LU JINGJING, YUAN QIPENG. RAPID LARGE-SCALE PURIFICATION OF BETULINIC ACID. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4530.2011.00637.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Pahuja M, Mehla J, Reeta KH, Joshi S, Gupta YK. Hydroalcoholic extract of Zizyphus jujuba ameliorates seizures, oxidative stress, and cognitive impairment in experimental models of epilepsy in rats. Epilepsy Behav 2011; 21:356-63. [PMID: 21723789 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2011.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Revised: 05/02/2011] [Accepted: 05/06/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The anticonvulsant effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of Zizyphus jujuba (HEZJ) fruit (100, 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg, orally) was evaluated in experimental seizure models in rats. The effect of HEZJ on seizure-induced cognitive impairment, oxidative stress, and cholinesterase activity was also investigated. HEZJ (1000 mg/kg) exhibited maximum protection (100%) against generalized tonic-clonic seizures in the pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) seizure model and and 66.7% protection against tonic hindlimb extension in the maximal electroshock (MES) seizure model. Significant impairment in cognitive functions was observed in both PTZ- and MES-challenged rats. Pretreatment with HEZJ resulted in significant improvement in learning and memory. HEZJ also reversed the oxidative stress induced by both PTZ and MES. The significant decrease in cholinesterase activity observed in the PTZ and MES models was significantly reversed by pretreatment with HEZJ. Thus, the present study demonstrates the anticonvulsant effect of HEZJ as well as amelioration of cognitive impairment induced by seizures in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Pahuja
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Hwang IK, Yoo KY, Yoo DY, Choi JH, Lee CH, Kang IJ, Kwon DY, Kim YS, Kim DW, Won MH. Zizyphus Enhances Cell Proliferation and Neuroblast Differentiation in the Subgranular Zone of the Dentate Gyrus in Middle-Aged Mice. J Med Food 2011; 14:195-200. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2010.1123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- In Koo Hwang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Yeon Yoo
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Cheongwon, Republic of Korea
- Medical & Bio-Material Research Center, Kangwon National University, Cheongwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Young Yoo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hoon Choi
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Cheongwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong Hyun Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Cheongwon, Republic of Korea
- Medical & Bio-Material Research Center, Kangwon National University, Cheongwon, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Jun Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Young Kwon
- Korea Food Research Institute, Songnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Sup Kim
- Medical Science Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Yuseong, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Woo Kim
- Central Research Center, Natural F&P Co. Ltd., Cheongwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Ho Won
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Cheongwon, Republic of Korea
- Medical & Bio-Material Research Center, Kangwon National University, Cheongwon, Republic of Korea
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Characterization of Fatty Oil of Zizyphi spinosi semen Obtained by Supercritical Fluid Extraction. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-010-1700-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Lee DH, Kim CS, Lee YJ. Astaxanthin protects against MPTP/MPP+-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS production in vivo and in vitro. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 49:271-80. [PMID: 21056612 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2010] [Revised: 09/10/2010] [Accepted: 10/31/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Astaxanthin (AST) is a powerful antioxidant that occurs naturally in a wide variety of living organisms. We have investigated the role of AST in preventing 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced apoptosis of the substantia nigra (SN) neurons in the mouse model of Parkinson's disease (PD) and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced cytotoxicity of SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. In in vitro study, AST inhibits MPP+-induced production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. Preincubation of AST (50 μM) significantly attenuates MPP+-induced oxidative damage. Furthermore, AST is able to enhance the expression of Bcl-2 protein but reduce the expression of α-synuclein and Bax, and suppress the cleavage of caspase-3. Our results suggest that the protective effects of AST on MPP+-induced apoptosis may be due to its anti-oxidative properties and anti-apoptotic activity via induction of expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase and regulating the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax. Pretreatment with AST (30 mg/kg) markedly increases tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons and decreases the argyrophilic neurons compared with the MPTP model group. In summary, AST shows protection from MPP+/MPTP-induced apoptosis in the SH-SY5Y cells and PD model mouse SN neurons, and this effect may be attributable to upregulation of the expression of Bcl-2 protein, downregulation of the expression of Bax and α-synuclein, and inhibition of the activation of caspase-3. These data indicate that AST may provide a valuable therapeutic strategy for the treatment of progressive neurodegenerative disease such as Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Hee Lee
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Analysis of irradiated jujube (Zizyphus jujuba) by photostimulated luminescence and electron spin resonance spectroscopy. Food Sci Biotechnol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-010-0136-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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28
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Neurophysiological study on possible protective and therapeutic effects of Sidr (Zizyphus spina-christi L.) leaf extract in male albino rats treated with pentylenetetrazol. Saudi J Biol Sci 2010; 17:269-74. [PMID: 23961090 PMCID: PMC3730870 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2010.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2010] [Revised: 04/25/2010] [Accepted: 05/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, anti-convulsant effect of Sidr leaf extract was examined by using pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) model on male albino rat by evaluating the changes in norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) contents in different brain regions (cerebellum, brainstem, striatum, cerebral cortex, hypothalamus and hippocampus). The administration of subconvulsive dose of PTZ (40 mg/kg i.p.) every other day for 9 days caused a significant decrease in monoamine content in different brain areas, this is may be due to the increase in nitric oxide levels, although antagonized the GABAA receptors which led to neurotransmitter release so the content is decreased. Administration of PTZ after treatment with Sidr (50 mg/kg i.p.) leaf extract for 3 weeks as a protective group and administration of Sidr leaf extract for 3 weeks after treatment of PTZ as a therapeutic group caused significant increase in NE, DA, and 5-HT contents in all tested brain regions at most of the time intervals studied. This may be due to the presence of peptide and cyclopeptide alkaloids in the extract which inhibit neurotransmitter activity which led to the inhibition of neurotransmitter release. From these results, we can say that the Sidr leaf extract has neuroprotective and therapeutic roles against pentylenetetrazol convulsant effect.
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Yoo KY, Li H, Hwang IK, Choi JH, Lee CH, Kwon DY, Ryu SY, Kim YS, Kang IJ, Shin HC, Won MH. Zizyphus Attenuates Ischemic Damage in the Gerbil Hippocampus via Its Antioxidant Effect. J Med Food 2010; 13:557-63. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2009.1254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Yeon Yoo
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Institute of Neurodegeneration and Neuroregeneration, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Institute of Neurodegeneration and Neuroregeneration, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - In Koo Hwang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hoon Choi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Institute of Neurodegeneration and Neuroregeneration, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong Hyun Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Institute of Neurodegeneration and Neuroregeneration, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Young Kwon
- Korea Food Research Institute, Songnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Shi Yong Ryu
- Medical Science Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Sup Kim
- Medical Science Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Jun Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Cheul Shin
- Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Ho Won
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Institute of Neurodegeneration and Neuroregeneration, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
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Sanjoinine A isolated from Semen Zizyphi Spinosi protects against kainic acid-induced convulsions. Arch Pharm Res 2010; 32:1515-23. [PMID: 20091264 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-009-2103-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2009] [Revised: 08/05/2009] [Accepted: 08/11/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
These experiments were performed to know whether sanjoinine A, a component of the alkaloid fraction of Semen Zizyphi Spinosi, acts as an anti-convulsive agent in the kainic acid (KA)-induced experimental convulsion model and whether these effects are mediated by decreased intracellular calcium. Oral administration of sanjoinine A (4 and 8 mg/kg) increased the survival rate and latency of convulsion onset, and decreased the seizure scores and the weight loss induced by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of KA (50 mg/kg) in mice. In addition, sanjoinine A protected against neuronal damage and apoptosis in the hippocampus after KA administration, as analyzed by using immunohistochemistry and TUNEL assay. Sanjoinine A also significantly blocked seizure-form electroencephalogram alterations induced by KA. Moreover, in cultured rat neuronal cells, sanjoinine A inhibited KA-induced cell death, as measured by propidium iodide detection. Sanjoinine A also increased intracellular chloride and inhibited the elevation of intracellular calcium induced by KA. Sanjoinine A, therefore protects against KA-induced convulsions by increasing intracellular chloride and reducing intracellular calcium levels.
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Kang SW, Choi JS, Bae JY, Li J, Kim DS, Kim JL, Shin SY, You HJ, Park HS, Ji GE, Kang YH. Blockade of vascular angiogenesis by Aspergillus usamii var. shirousamii-transformed Angelicae Gigantis Radix and Zizyphus jujuba. Nutr Res Pract 2009; 3:3-8. [PMID: 20016695 PMCID: PMC2788165 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2009.3.1.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2008] [Revised: 01/22/2009] [Accepted: 02/03/2009] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) play an important role in tumor invasion, angiogenesis and inflammatory tissue destruction. Increased expression of MMP was observed in benign tissue hyperplasia and in atherosclerotic lesions. Invasive cancer cells utilize MMP to degrade the extracellular matrix and vascular basement membrane during metastasis, where MMP-2 has been implicated in the development and dissemination of malignancies. The present study attempted to examine the antiangiogenic activity of the medicinal herbs of Aspergillus usamii var. shirousamii-transformed Angelicae Gigantis Radix and Zizyphus jujube (tAgR and tZj) with respect to MMP-2 production and endothelial motility in phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)- or VEGF-exposed human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Nontoxic tAgR and tZj substantially suppressed PMA-induced MMP-2 secretion. In addition, 25 µg/mL tAgR and tZj prevented vascular endothelial growth factor-stimulated endothelial cell transmigration and tube formation. The results reveal that tAgR and tZj dampened endothelial MMP-2 production leading to endothelial transmigration and tube formation. tAgR and tZj-mediated inhibition of endothelial MMP may boost a therapeutic efficacy during vascular angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Wook Kang
- Department of Food and Nutrition and Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, 39 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Kangwon 200-702, Korea
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Han H, Ma Y, Eun JS, Li R, Hong JT, Lee MK, Oh KW. Anxiolytic-like effects of sanjoinine A isolated from Zizyphi Spinosi Semen: possible involvement of GABAergic transmission. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2008; 92:206-13. [PMID: 19101585 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2008.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2008] [Revised: 11/11/2008] [Accepted: 11/24/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This experiment was performed to investigate the anxiolytic-like effects of sanjoinine A, one of the major alkaloid compounds in Zizyphi Spinosi Semen (ZSS), by using experimental paradigms of anxiety in comparison with a known anxiolytic, diazepam. Sanjoinine A (2.0 mg/kg) increased the percentage of time spent on the open arms and the number of open arms entries in the elevated plus-maze test, increased the number of head dips in the hole-board test, and increased the percentage of time spent in the center zone and the center zone locomotor distance in the open field box experiment. However, sanjoinine A (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 mg/kg) had no effect on locomotor activity, while diazepam (2.0 mg/kg) significantly reduced locomotor activity. Sanjoinine A (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 mg/kg) did not influence the grip force in the grip strength meter test either. Molecular experiments showed that sanjoinine A (2.0, 5.0 microM) increased chloride influx in cultured cerebellar granule cells. In addition, sanjoinine A (5.0 microM) treatment resulted in over-expression of alpha- and gamma-subunits of GABA(A) receptors and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65/67) in cultured cerebellar granule cells. It is concluded that sanjoinine A may have anxiolytic-like effects in the elevated plus-maze, hole-board test and open field test, and these effects may be mediated by GABAergic transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huishan Han
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea
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Ma Y, Yun SR, Nam SY, Kim YB, Hong JT, Kim Y, Choi H, Lee K, Oh KW. Protective effects of sanjoinine A against N-methyl-D-aspartate-induced seizure. Biol Pharm Bull 2008; 31:1749-54. [PMID: 18758071 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.31.1749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sanjoinine A is a component of the alkaloid fraction of Zizyphi Spinosi Semen. This experiment was performed to investigate whether sanjoinine A acts as an anticonvulsive in the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced experimental seizure model. We also examined whether it protects against seizure-form electroencephalogram (EEG) alterations induced by NMDA in vivo and/or cell killing due to NMDA in cultured cerebellar granule cells. Administration of sanjoinine A increased the survival rate and the latency of seizure onset, and decreased the seizure scores and the weight-loss induced by NMDA in mice, in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, sanjoinine A blocked seizure-form EEG alterations induced by NMDA and inhibited NMDA-induced cell killing in cultured rat cerebellar granule cells, measured by both the trypan blue exclusion test and the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Moreover, sanjoinine A inhibited the elevation of intracellular calcium influx induced by NMDA, which was measured using a fluorescent dye, Furo 3-AM. It is suggested that sanjoinine A protects against NMDA-induced seizures by inhibiting intracellular calcium influx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ma
- Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
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Han H, Ma Y, Eun JS, Hong JT, Oh KW. Anxiolytic-Like Effects of Cyclopeptide Fraction Alkaloids of Zizyphi Spinosi Semen: Possible Involvement of GABAAReceptors. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2008. [DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2008.16.3.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Ma Y, Han H, Nam SY, Kim YB, Hong JT, Yun YP, Oh KW. Cyclopeptide alkaloid fraction from Zizyphi Spinosi Semen enhances pentobarbital-induced sleeping behaviors. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2008; 117:318-324. [PMID: 18353574 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2008.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2007] [Revised: 09/24/2007] [Accepted: 02/02/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate effects of cyclopeptide alkaloid fraction of ZSS (CAFZ) on pentobarbital-induced sleeping behaviors and to determine whether these effects were mediated by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors Cl(-) channel activation, using a Western blot technique and Cl(-) sensitive fluorescence probe. GABA receptors subunits expression and Cl(-) influx were investigated in cultured cerebellar granule cells. CAFZ shortened sleeping onset and prolonged sleeping time induced by pentobarbital (42 mg/kg). It also significantly increased the falling asleep rate and duration of sleeping time at a sub-hypnotic dosage of pentobarbital (28 mg/kg). In addition, CAFZ in combination with GABA A receptors agonist, muscimol, synergistically prolonged pentobarbital-induced sleeping time. Both of CAFZ and pentobarbital treatment decreased GABA A receptors alpha-subunit expression, but did not change beta- and gamma-subunit expression. However, we found CAFZ and pentobarbital increased Cl(-) influx, CAFZ showed similar effects with muscimol in potentiating Cl(-) influx inducing effects of low-dose pentobarbital. In conclusion, it is suggested that the enhancement of Cl(-) influx by CAFZ may play an important role in the potentiation of pentobarbital-induced sleeping behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, South Korea
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Ban JY, Cho SO, Choi SH, Ju HS, Kim JY, Bae K, Song KS, Seong YH. Neuroprotective Effect of Smilacis chinae Rhizome on NMDA-Induced Neurotoxicity In Vitro and Focal Cerebral Ischemia In Vivo. J Pharmacol Sci 2008; 106:68-77. [DOI: 10.1254/jphs.fp0071206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Kim Y, So HS, Kim SJ, Youn MJ, Lee JH, Kim NS, Lee JH, Woo WH, Lee DW, Cho KH, Moon BS, Park R. Antiinflammatory effect of Daesiho, a Korean traditional prescription for cerebral infarct patients. Phytother Res 2008; 22:829-35. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Yi PL, Lin CP, Tsai CH, Lin JG, Chang FC. The involvement of serotonin receptors in suanzaorentang-induced sleep alteration. J Biomed Sci 2007; 14:829-40. [PMID: 17657585 DOI: 10.1007/s11373-007-9197-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2007] [Accepted: 07/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Sedative-hypnotic medications, including benzodiazepines and non-benzodiazepines, are usually prescribed for the insomniac patients; however, the addiction, dependence and adverse effects of those medications have drawn much attention. In contrast, suanzaorentang, a traditional Chinese herb remedy, has been efficiently used for insomnia relief in China, although its mechanism remains unclear. This study was designed to further elucidate the underlying mechanism of suanzaorentang on sleep regulation. One ingredient of suanzaorentang, zizyphi spinosi semen, exhibits binding affinity for serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) receptors, 5-HT(1A) and 5-HT(2), and for GABA receptors. Our previous results have implicated that GABA(A) receptors, but not GABA(B), mediate suanzaorentang-induced sleep alteration. In current study we further elucidated the involvement of serotonin. We found that high dose of suanzaorentang (4 g/kg/2 ml) significantly increased non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS) when comparing to that obtained after administering starch placebo, although placebo at dose of 4 g/kg also enhanced NREMS comparing with that obtained from baseline recording. Rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) was not altered. Administration of either 5-HT(1A) antagonist (NAN-190), 5-HT(2) antagonist (ketanserin) or 5-HT(3 )antagonist (3-(4-Allylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-quinoxalinecarbonitrile) blocked suanzaorentang-induced NREMS increase. These results implicate the hypnotic effect of suanzaorentang and its effects may be mediated through serotonergic activation, in addition to GABAergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Lu Yi
- Department of Medical Technology, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli, Taiwan
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Ma Y, Han H, Eun JS, Kim HC, Kim HC, Hong JT, Oh KW. Sanjoinine A Isolated from Zizyphi Spinosi Semen Augments Pentobarbital-Induced Sleeping Behaviors through the Modification of GABA-ergic Systems. Biol Pharm Bull 2007; 30:1748-53. [PMID: 17827733 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.30.1748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Zizyphi Spinosi Semen (ZSS) has been widely used for the treatment of insomnia in oriental countries. This experiment was performed to investigate whether sanjoinine A, one of major alkaloid compounds of ZSS, has hypnotic effects and/or enhances pentobarbital-induced sleeping behaviors through the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic systems. Sanjoinine A itself did not induce sleeping at the higher dose used in this experiment. However, sanjoinine A prolonged sleeping time and reduced the sleeping latency induced by pentobarbital in a dose-dependent manner similar to muscimol, a GABA(A) receptor agonist. Sanjoinine A also increased sleeping rate and sleeping time when administered combined with pentobarbital at a sub-hypnotic dosage and showed synergistic effects with muscimol in potentiating sleeping onset and enhancing sleeping time induced by pentobarbital. In addition, both sanjoinine A and pentobarbital increased chloride influx in primary cultured cerebellar granule cells. Sanjoinine A also showed similar effects with muscimol in potentiating chloride influx inducing effects of low dose pentobarbital. Sanjoinine A decreased GABA(A) receptor alpha-subunit expression and increased gamma-subunit expression, and had no effects on the abundance of beta-subunits in primary cultured cerebellar granule cells, showing different subunit expression from pentobarbital. In addition, we found that sanjoinine A also enhanced expression of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), but pentobarbital did not. In conclusion, sanjoinine A itself does not induce sleeping, but it augments pentobarbital-induced sleeping behaviors through the modification of GABA-ergic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ma
- Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, South Korea
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Yi PL, Tsai CH, Chen YC, Chang FC. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor mediates suanzaorentang, a traditional Chinese herb remedy, -induced sleep alteration. J Biomed Sci 2006; 14:285-97. [PMID: 17151826 DOI: 10.1007/s11373-006-9137-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2006] [Accepted: 10/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The sedative-hypnotic medications, including benzodiazepines and non-benzodiazepines, are the most common treatments for insomnia. However, concerns regarding patterns of inappropriate use, dependence and adverse effects have led to caution in prescribing those sedative-hypnotic medications. On the other hand, a traditional Chinese herb remedy, suanzaorentang, has been efficiently and widely used in clinic for insomnia relief without severe side effects in Asia. Although suanzaorentang has been reported to improve sleep disruption in insomniac patients, its mechanism is still unclear. The present study was designed to elucidate the effects of oral administration of suanzaorentang on physiological sleep-wake architectures and its underlying mechanism in rats. We found that oral administration of suanzaorentang at the beginning of the dark onset dose-dependently increased non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS) during the dark period, but had no significant effect on rapid eye movement sleep (REMS). Our results also indicated that intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor type A antagonist, bicuculline, significantly blocked suanzaorentang-induced enhancement in NREMS during the dark period, but GABA(B) receptor antagonist, 2-hydroxysaclofen had no effect. These results implicated that this traditional Chinese herb remedy, suanzaorentang increases spontaneous sleep activity and its effects may be mediated through the GABA(A) receptors, but not GABA(B) receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Lu Yi
- Department of Medical Technology, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli, Taiwan
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