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Wei MP, Qiu JD, Li L, Xie YF, Yu H, Guo YH, Yao WR. Saponin fraction from Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn as a novel cosmetic additive: Extraction, biological evaluation, analysis of anti-acne mechanism and toxicity prediction. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 268:113552. [PMID: 33152431 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn. (S. mukorossi), known as 'mu huan zi' in Chinese folklore, belongs to the family Sapindaceae and it has been traditionally used for treating coughing and excessive salivation, removing freckle, whitening skin, etc. Evidence-based medicine also verified the antimicrobial, anti-tyrosinase and anti-acne activity of S. mukorossi extract, suggesting that it has the potential to be a pharmaceutical and cosmetic additive. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was intended to evaluate the freckle-removing and skin-whitening activities of S. mukorossi extracts, and further analyzing the potential anti-acne mechanism. METHODS Saponin fractions were purified by using the semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography, and their antibacterial activity was detected against Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes), which was the leading cause of inflamed lesions in acne vulgaris. The anti-lipase and anti-tyrosinase activities were assayed using a commercial kit, while the potential anti-acne mechanism was predicted on the basis of the network pharmacology. Active components of saponin fraction were identified by HPLC-MS analysis. Furthermore, the different toxicity level of compounds was predicted according to the quantitative structure-activity relationship, and the first application of crude extract and saponin fraction to facial masks was analyzed based on the comprehensive evaluation method. RESULTS The saponin fraction (F4) purified from the fermentation liquid-based water extract (SWF) showed the best antibacterial activity against P. acnes ATCC 6919 with the MIC of 0.06 mg/mL, which was 33-fold of its parent SWF (with the MIC of 2.0 mg/mL). Compared with SWF, the application of F4 caused greater inhibition rates on lipase and tyrosinase. Chemical constituents of F4 were evaluated, from which four oleanane-type triterpenoid saponins were detected to contribute to the above biological activities of F4. The mechanism of the four compounds on anti-acne was predicted, and seven targets such as PTGS2 and F2RL1 were obtained to be important for the treatment of acne. The four compounds were also predicted to have different levels of toxicity to various species, and they were not harmful to rats. Besides, F4 and SWF were applied to facial masks and there was no significant influence on the physicochemical properties including pH, stability, and sensory characteristics. CONCLUSION This work demonstrated that oleanane-type triterpenoid saponins were speculated to contribute to the skin-whitening, freckle-removing, and anti-acne activities of F4. These findings will facilitate the development of the S. mukorossi extract and the allied products as the new and natural anti-acne agent and cosmetic additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ping Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jin-Dan Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yun-Fei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ya-Hui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei-Rong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Srilekha V, Krishna G, Seshasrinivas V, Charya MAS. Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities of marine Brevibacterium sp. Res Pharm Sci 2017; 12:283-289. [PMID: 28855939 PMCID: PMC5566002 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.212045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The marine environment covers three quarters of the surface of the planet and is estimated to be home to more than 80% of life but yet it remains largely unexplored. It harbours a number of macro and microorganisms that have developed unique metabolic abilities to ensure their survival in diverse and hostile habitats, resulting in the biosynthesis of an array of secondary metabolites with specific activities. In this study, pigment forming bacterial strains were isolated from the sea surface inter tidal zones at different sampling sites along the Visakhapatnam coastal region. The bacterial isolates showed various types of colour pigments like pink, yellow, orange, and brown. Out of 26 pigmented isolates obtained, the bacterial isolate with bright yellow pigmentation was selected for further study. This strain was identified as Brevibacterium sp by using morphological, physiological, biochemical and 16s rRNA sequencing methods. The pigment was extracted in methanol solvent and antibacterial activity of the pigments extracted from the bacteria was determined and it was found active against pathogenic bacteria. The pigment extract was tested In vivo for anti-inflammatory activity and was effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vennam Srilekha
- Department of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad 500085 (Telangana), India
| | - Gudikandula Krishna
- Department of Microbiology, Kakatiya University, Warangal-506009 (Telangana), India
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Deb L, Laishram S, Khumukcham N, Ningthoukhongjam D, Nameirakpam SS, Dey A, Moirangthem DS, Talukdar NC, Ningthoukhongjam TR. Past, present and perspectives of Manipur traditional medicine: A major health care system available for rural population in the North-East India. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 169:387-400. [PMID: 25895884 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.12.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional health care practices are still being followed extensively in Manipur, North-East India. This is the major or the only medical facility available in some rural areas of Manipur. Cross cultural ethno-pharmacological survey was conducted to document traditional health care practices by Maiba-Maibi (male-female traditional health care practitioners of Manipur). MATERIALS AND METHODS All together 59 traditional practitioners belonging to 12 ethnic communities in nine districts of the Manipur state were interviewed. A predesigned questionnaire was used for interviews, which included queries for type of ailments treating, symptoms, bioresources used, method of preparation, dosage forms, formulation, unit doses. The entire interviews were done in the residence of respective Maiba-Maibi, their patient handing and preparation of medicinal formulations were documented in written and audio-visual format. RESULTS The survey recorded traditional knowledge on 949 formulations used for 66 human ailments. Five hundred forty six plant products, 42 animal products and 22 organic/inorganic materials were found to be used in these 949 formulations. Five plant species - Zingiber officinale (Zingiberaceae), Cocos nucifera (Arecaceae), Oroxylum indicum (Bignonaceae), Curcuma longa (Zingiberaceae) and Allium sativum (Liliaceae) used by maximum number of Maiba and Maibi in maximum number of formulations. RECOMMENDATION This particular method of documentation keeps traditional knowledge alive. The WHO estimated perspective of traditional medicine across the world. These observations support therapeutic worth of Manipur Traditional medicines (MTM). Having generated a large database in course of this survey, next focus targeted for the scientific justification of MTM with an aim to develop commercially viable products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokesh Deb
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Natural Product Chemistry and Pharmacology Programme, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (IBSD), (Department of Biotechnology, Government of India), Takyelpat Institutional Area, Imphal 795001, Manipur, India.
| | - Surbala Laishram
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Natural Product Chemistry and Pharmacology Programme, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (IBSD), (Department of Biotechnology, Government of India), Takyelpat Institutional Area, Imphal 795001, Manipur, India
| | - Nongalleima Khumukcham
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Natural Product Chemistry and Pharmacology Programme, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (IBSD), (Department of Biotechnology, Government of India), Takyelpat Institutional Area, Imphal 795001, Manipur, India
| | - Dhaneshwor Ningthoukhongjam
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Natural Product Chemistry and Pharmacology Programme, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (IBSD), (Department of Biotechnology, Government of India), Takyelpat Institutional Area, Imphal 795001, Manipur, India
| | - Surjit Singh Nameirakpam
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Natural Product Chemistry and Pharmacology Programme, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (IBSD), (Department of Biotechnology, Government of India), Takyelpat Institutional Area, Imphal 795001, Manipur, India
| | - Amitabha Dey
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Natural Product Chemistry and Pharmacology Programme, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (IBSD), (Department of Biotechnology, Government of India), Takyelpat Institutional Area, Imphal 795001, Manipur, India
| | - Dinesh Singh Moirangthem
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Natural Product Chemistry and Pharmacology Programme, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (IBSD), (Department of Biotechnology, Government of India), Takyelpat Institutional Area, Imphal 795001, Manipur, India
| | - Narayan Chandra Talukdar
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Natural Product Chemistry and Pharmacology Programme, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (IBSD), (Department of Biotechnology, Government of India), Takyelpat Institutional Area, Imphal 795001, Manipur, India
| | - Tombi Raj Ningthoukhongjam
- Apunba Manipur Maiba Maibi Phurup (AMMMP) (Manipur State Traditional Healers׳ Association), Uripok Ningthoukhongjam Leikai, Imphal 795001, Manipur, India.
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Chen M, Chen ZW, Long ZJ, Wang JT, Wang YJ, Liu JL. Protective effects of Sapindus saponins in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Chin J Integr Med 2013; 21:36-42. [PMID: 23771806 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-013-1464-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the protective effects of Sapindus saponins in spontaneously hypertensive rats, and the possible cellular and molecular mechanisms. METHODS Thirty-two 16-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats were randomly divided into four groups (8 in each group): model group (placebo), positive control group (27 mg/kg of Captopril Tablets), Sapindus saponins groups (27 mg/kg and 108 mg/kg, respectively). Another 8 healthy Wistar-Kyoto strain (WKY) rats were used as the normal group. The animals were treated for 8 weeks. Blood pressure of rats was determined by non-invasive blood pressure meter (BP-6). Furthermore, the contents of angiotensin II (Ang II) in plasma and myocardial tissue were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the gene expression of receptor angiotensin type 1 (AT1R) in aorta was determined by quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The protein expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and AT1R in heart was determined by immunohistochemical staining. The protein expression of p-phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p-p38MAPK) was determined by Western blotting. The contents of interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in serum were determined by radioimmunoassay. And the histopathological and morphological changes of aorta and heart tissue samples were assessed semi-quantitatively by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) or Masson staining. RESULTS Thirty minutes after single or continuous treatment, systolic blood pressure (SBP) was reduced significantly in Sapindus saponins groups. And the contents of AngII, IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α in serum, the expression of AT1R mRNA, p-p38MAPK and TGF-β1 were significantly suppressed dose-dependently (P<0.05 or P<0.01). With the Sapindus saponins treatment, compared with those of the model group, the cardiac and aortic pathological changes were ameliorated significantly. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that Sapindus saponins might have protective effects in spontaneously hypertensive rats, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of which might be relevant to the regulation of inflammatory responses mediated by p-p38MAPK signal pathway based on activated Ang II and AT1R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
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Zarshenas MM, Petramfar P, Firoozabadi A, Moein MR, Mohagheghzadeh A. Types of headache and those remedies in traditional persian medicine. Pharmacogn Rev 2013; 7:17-26. [PMID: 23922452 PMCID: PMC3731875 DOI: 10.4103/0973-7847.112835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Revised: 12/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The history of headache, as a common neurological complication, goes back to almost 9000 years ago. Many ancient civilizations present references to headaches and the coherent treatment strategies. Accordingly, several documents comprising headache complications embodying precise medical information stem from Traditional Persian Medicine (TPM) that can provide useful opportunities for more comprehensive treatment. We conducted a survey on headache through original important pharmacopeias and other important medical manuscripts of TPM which were written during 9(th) to 19(th) centuries and have derived all headache categories and herbal remedies. An extensive search of scientific data banks, such as Medline and Scopus, has also been exercised to find results relating to the anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive, and analgesic effects of denoted medicinal herbs. The concept of headache and treatments in TPM covers over 20 various types of headache and more than 160 different medicinal plants administered for oral, topical, and nasal application according to 1000 years of the subject documents. Nearly, 60% of remarked medicinal herbs have related anti-inflammatory or analgesic effects and some current headache types have similarities and conformities to those of traditional types. Beside historical approaches, there are many possible and available strategies that can lead to development of new and effective headache treatment from medicinal plants so that this study can provide beneficial information on clinical remedies based on centuries of experience in the field of headache which can stand as a new candidate for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad M. Zarshenas
- Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Peyman Petramfar
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Firoozabadi
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahmood Reza Moein
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abdolali Mohagheghzadeh
- Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Bhagat J, Kaur A, Sharma M, Saxena AK, Chadha BS. Molecular and functional characterization of endophytic fungi from traditional medicinal plants. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 28:963-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-011-0894-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2010] [Accepted: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Pore S, Rashinkar G, Mote K, Salunkhe R. Aqueous extract of the pericarp of Sapindus trifoliatus fruits: a novel 'green' catalyst for the aldimine synthesis. Chem Biodivers 2010; 7:1796-800. [PMID: 20658668 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200900272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The catalytic efficiency in organic synthesis of the aqueous extract of the pericarp of Sapindus trifoliatus fruits was evaluated. The synthesis of a series of aldimines from aromatic aldehydes and amines was successfully catalyzed by the extract, whereas aromatic ketones and amines did not yield ketimines under comparable reaction conditions, indicating the chemoselective catalysis of the extract. The catalytic activity of the extract is due to saponins, which have a common structural skeleton containing a pentacyclic triterpenoid part substituted with different carbohydrate side chains. The mild conditions, high yields, and short reaction times not only make this protocol a valuable alternative to the conventional methods, but it also becomes significant under the roof of environmentally greener and safer processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Pore
- Department of Chemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur 416004, India
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