1
|
Oluwaniyi OO, Adesibikan AA, Emmanuel SS. Evaluation of Wound‐Healing Activity of
Securidaca longepedunculata
Root Extract in Male Wistar Rats. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Omolara O. Oluwaniyi
- Department of Industrial Chemistry University of Ilorin, P. M. B. 1515 Ilorin Nigeria
| | | | - Stephen S. Emmanuel
- Department of Industrial Chemistry University of Ilorin, P. M. B. 1515 Ilorin Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bafna PS, Patil PH, Maru SK, Mutha RE. Cissus quadrangularis L: A comprehensive multidisciplinary review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 279:114355. [PMID: 34181958 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cissus quadrangularis L. is a perennial herb of the Vitaceae family and is utilized comprehensively as a medicinal herb in most tropical regions by various names. This herb is documented to possess a wide-ranging ethnomedicinal uses in malaria, fever, epilepsy, gout, piles, skin diseases, colic, etc. AIM OF THE REVIEW: A organized summary of the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology, available marketed formulations and filed patents were presented to explore the future therapeutic potential and scientific potential of this herb. MATERIALS AND METHODS For a review of the literature, various databases were searched, including PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus etc. From, total 408 records of this herb, we have screened 155 articles consist of desired information and available as full text. Present manuscript is structured from comprehensive information on this herb from screened 155 records. Plant taxonomy was confirmed to the database "The Plant List". RESULTS Phytochemical assessment as a whole indicated the presence of flavonoids, triterpenoids, alkaloids, saponins, iridoids, stilbenes, vitamins, steroids, and glycosides. A toxicity study revealed that its LD50 value is above 3000 mg/kg in animals indicating its safety. A variety of pharmacological studies of aerial parts of this herb by different extracts have demonstrated analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant, antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-osteoporotic activity and other bone-related disorders to justify its name as Hadjod. Still, the herb has been utilized in clinical practice and several patents were filed in India and US for its antiosteoporotic property. CONCLUSION The studies on Cissus quadrangularis Linn. are extensive, but gaps still remain. The molecular mechanism, structure-activity relationship, potential synergistic and antagonistic effects of these components needs to be further elucidated. These findings suggest the need for further research on this herb for the management of several other chronic ailments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piyush S Bafna
- H. R. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Karwand Naka, Shirpur, Dist-Dhule, 425 405, Maharashtra, India
| | - Payal H Patil
- H. R. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Karwand Naka, Shirpur, Dist-Dhule, 425 405, Maharashtra, India
| | - Saurabh K Maru
- School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Shirpur, Dist-Dhule, 425 405, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rakesh E Mutha
- H. R. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Karwand Naka, Shirpur, Dist-Dhule, 425 405, Maharashtra, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tajbakhsh E, Kwenti TE, Kheyri P, Nezaratizade S, Lindsay DS, Khamesipour F. Antiplasmodial, antimalarial activities and toxicity of African medicinal plants: a systematic review of literature. Malar J 2021; 20:349. [PMID: 34433465 PMCID: PMC8390284 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-021-03866-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria still constitutes a major public health menace, especially in tropical and subtropical countries. Close to half a million people mainly children in Africa, die every year from the disease. With the rising resistance to frontline drugs (artemisinin-based combinations), there is a need to accelerate the discovery and development of newer anti-malarial drugs. A systematic review was conducted to identify the African medicinal plants with significant antiplasmodial and/or anti-malarial activity, toxicity, as wells as assessing the variation in their activity between study designs (in vitro and in vivo). METHODS Key health-related databases including Google Scholar, PubMed, PubMed Central, and Science Direct were searched for relevant literature on the antiplasmodial and anti-malarial activities of African medicinal plants. RESULTS In total, 200 research articles were identified, a majority of which were studies conducted in Nigeria. The selected research articles constituted 722 independent experiments evaluating 502 plant species. Of the 722 studies, 81.9%, 12.4%, and 5.5% were in vitro, in vivo, and combined in vitro and in vivo, respectively. The most frequently investigated plant species were Azadirachta indica, Zanthoxylum chalybeum, Picrilima nitida, and Nauclea latifolia meanwhile Fabaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Annonaceae, Rubiaceae, Rutaceae, Meliaceae, and Lamiaceae were the most frequently investigated plant families. Overall, 248 (34.3%), 241 (33.4%), and 233 (32.3%) of the studies reported very good, good, and moderate activity, respectively. Alchornea cordifolia, Flueggea virosa, Cryptolepis sanguinolenta, Zanthoxylum chalybeum, and Maytenus senegalensis gave consistently very good activity across the different studies. In all, only 31 (4.3%) of studies involved pure compounds and these had significantly (p = 0.044) higher antiplasmodial activity relative to crude extracts. Out of the 198 plant species tested for toxicity, 52 (26.3%) demonstrated some degree of toxicity, with toxicity most frequently reported with Azadirachta indica and Vernonia amygdalina. These species were equally the most frequently inactive plants reported. The leaves were the most frequently reported toxic part of plants used. Furthermore, toxicity was observed to decrease with increasing antiplasmodial activity. CONCLUSIONS Although there are many indigenous plants with considerable antiplasmodial and anti-malarial activity, the progress in the development of new anti-malarial drugs from African medicinal plants is still slothful, with only one clinical trial with Cochlospermum planchonii (Bixaceae) conducted to date. There is, therefore, the need to scale up anti-malarial drug discovery in the African region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Tajbakhsh
- Department of Microbiology, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Tebit Emmanuel Kwenti
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Regional Hospital Buea, Buea, Cameroon
- Department of Public Health and Hygiene, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Parya Kheyri
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Saeed Nezaratizade
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - David S Lindsay
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Center for One Health Research, Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, 1410 Prices Fork Road, Blacksburg, VA, 24061-0342, USA
| | - Faham Khamesipour
- Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran.
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Antimalarial Plants Used across Kenyan Communities. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:4538602. [PMID: 32617107 PMCID: PMC7306085 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4538602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Malaria is one of the serious health problems in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Its treatment has been met with chronic failure due to pathogenic resistance to the currently available drugs. This review attempts to compile phytotherapeutical information on antimalarial plants in Kenya based on electronic data. A comprehensive web search was conducted in multidisciplinary databases, and a total of 286 plant species from 75 families, distributed among 192 genera, were retrieved. Globally, about 139 (48.6%) of the species have been investigated for antiplasmodial (18%) or antimalarial activities (97.1%) with promising results. However, there is no record on the antimalarial activity of about 51.4% of the species used although they could be potential sources of antimalarial remedies. Analysis of ethnomedicinal recipes indicated that mainly leaves (27.7%) and roots (19.4%) of shrubs (33.2%), trees (30.1%), and herbs (29.7%) are used for preparation of antimalarial decoctions (70.5%) and infusions (5.4%) in Kenya. The study highlighted a rich diversity of indigenous antimalarial plants with equally divergent herbal remedy preparation and use pattern. Further research is required to validate the therapeutic potential of antimalarial compounds from the unstudied claimed species. Although some species were investigated for their antimalarial efficacies, their toxicity and safety aspects need to be further investigated.
Collapse
|
5
|
Cock IE, Selesho MI, van Vuuren SF. A review of the traditional use of southern African medicinal plants for the treatment of malaria. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 245:112176. [PMID: 31446074 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMALOGICAL RELEVANCE Malaria is one of the most prevalent and deadly parasitic diseases globally, with over 200 million new cases and nearly 500,000 deaths reported annually. It is estimated that approximately half of the world's population lives in malaria endemic areas. Malaria is substantially less prevalent in South Africa than in other African regions and the disease is limited to some regions of the Limpopo, Mpumalanga and KwaZulu-Natal provinces. However, it still has a significant impact on the health of the populations living in those regions. Traditional medicines have long been used in South Africa by multiple ethic groups and many people continue to rely on these natural therapies for their healthcare. The usage of South African medicinal plants in several traditional healing systems to treat malaria have been documented (particularly for Zulu and Venda traditional medicine), although ethnobotanical investigations of other ethnic groups living in endemic malaria areas remains relatively neglected. AIM OF THE STUDY To document the use of South African medicinal plants known to be used traditionally to treat Plasmodium spp. infections. We also critically reviewed the literature on the therapeutic properties of these and other South African plants screened against Plasmodium spp. parasites with the aim of highlighting neglected studies and fostering future research in this area. MATERIALS AND METHODS Books and ethnobotanical reviews were examined for medicinal plants used specifically for fever. Exclusion criteria were studies not involving southern African medicinal plants. Furthermore, while fever is a common symptom of malaria, if not accompanied by the term "malaria" it was not considered. Databases including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus and Google Scholar were used to source research relevant to southern African plants and malaria. Exclusion criteria were those publications where full articles could not be accessed. RESULTS Eighty South African plant species were identified as traditional therapies for malaria. The majority of these species were documented in Zulu ethnobotanical records, despite malaria occurring in only a relatively small portion of the Zulu's traditional territory. Surprisingly, far fewer species were reported to be used by Venda, Ndebele, northern Sotho, Tsonga, Tswana, and Pedi people, despite them living in endemic malaria areas. Interestingly many of the identified species have not been investigated further. This review summarises the available ethnobotanical and laboratory research in this field, with the aim of promoting and focusing research on priority areas. CONCLUSION Although malaria remains a serious disease affecting millions of people, medicinal plants while used extensively, have not been given the attention warranted for further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I E Cock
- School of Environment and Science, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Rd, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia; Environmental Futures Research Institute, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Rd, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| | - M I Selesho
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, Gauteng, 2193, South Africa
| | - S F van Vuuren
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, Gauteng, 2193, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Auditeau E, Chassagne F, Bourdy G, Bounlu M, Jost J, Luna J, Ratsimbazafy V, Preux PM, Boumediene F. Herbal medicine for epilepsy seizures in Asia, Africa and Latin America: A systematic review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 234:119-153. [PMID: 30610931 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
RELEVANCE More than 70 million people suffer epilepsy worldwide. Low availability of anti-epileptic drugs, side-effects and drug-resistant epilepsy affect the quality of life of persons with epilepsy in countries with a poorly developed health system. Herbal medicine is frequently used for this neurological condition. OBJECTIVES The main objective was to provide a detailed analysis of Herbal Medicine used for neurological conditions related with epilepsy in Asia, Africa and Latin America. More broadly, this study aims to highlight species with assessed efficacy (cross-cultural use, pharmacological effects on models of epileptic seizures) and safety (toxicological data in laboratory) information, in order to point out species of interest for further studies. A critical assessment of models used in pharmacological evaluations was done. MATERIALS AND METHODS The systematic search for Herbal Medicine treatments for epilepsy was performed considering all the articles published until February 2017 through three scientific databases. It was made with MeSH terms and free text defining the epilepsy seizures and plant species. We included studies carried out in Asia, Africa and Latin America. All articles reporting the use of Herbal Medicine to treat epilepsy seizures and/or their pharmacological evaluation were retained for further analysis. RESULTS The search yielded 1886 articles, from 30 countries. Hundred and six articles published between 1982 and 2017 were included, corresponding to a total of 497 use reports for 351 plant species belonging to 106 families. Three hundred and seventy seven use reports corresponding to 264 species in ethnopharmacological surveys and 120 evaluation reports corresponding to 107 species were noted. Twenty-nine reports, for 29 species, combined both ethnopharmacological and pharmacological evaluation. Fifty eight studies originated from Africa, 35 studies from Asia and 18 from Latin America. Highest use report was noted for rhizomes of Acorus calamus L. (12 use report in 1 country) and leaves of Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst. (8 use report in 2 countries). Therefore these species display the highest use convergence. Regarding pharmacological evaluation most studied species were: Leonotis leonurus (L.) R.Br. (4 evaluation reports in 1 country), Uncaria rhynchophylla (Miq.) Miq. ex Havil. (3 evaluation reports in 2 countries) and Calotropis gigantea (L.) Dryand. (3 evaluation reports in 1 country). In vivo models of chronic epilepsy were more relevant than in vitro models or chemical models inducing acute seizures for pharmacological assessment. CONCLUSION Species with the highest use report were not those with pharmacological evaluation. It will be pertinent to assess the pharmacological effects and safety of medicinal plants used mostly by traditional healers on predictive models of seizures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Auditeau
- INSERM, U1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025 Limoges, France; Univ. Limoges, UMR 1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Institute of Neuroepidemiology and Tropical Neurology, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025 Limoges, France.
| | - François Chassagne
- UMR 152 Research Institute for the development, University Toulouse 3, Pharmaceutical sciences Faculty, 35 chemin des Maraîchers, 31400 Toulouse, France; Center for the Study of Human Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Geneviève Bourdy
- UMR 152 Research Institute for the development, University Toulouse 3, Pharmaceutical sciences Faculty, 35 chemin des Maraîchers, 31400 Toulouse, France.
| | - Mayoura Bounlu
- INSERM, U1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025 Limoges, France; Institute of Francophonie for Tropical Medicine, Vientiane, Lao Democratic People's Republic.
| | - Jérémy Jost
- INSERM, U1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025 Limoges, France; Univ. Limoges, UMR 1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Institute of Neuroepidemiology and Tropical Neurology, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025 Limoges, France.
| | - Jaime Luna
- INSERM, U1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025 Limoges, France; Univ. Limoges, UMR 1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Institute of Neuroepidemiology and Tropical Neurology, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025 Limoges, France.
| | - Voa Ratsimbazafy
- INSERM, U1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025 Limoges, France; Univ. Limoges, UMR 1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Institute of Neuroepidemiology and Tropical Neurology, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025 Limoges, France.
| | - Pierre-Marie Preux
- INSERM, U1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025 Limoges, France; Univ. Limoges, UMR 1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Institute of Neuroepidemiology and Tropical Neurology, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025 Limoges, France.
| | - Farid Boumediene
- INSERM, U1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025 Limoges, France; Univ. Limoges, UMR 1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Institute of Neuroepidemiology and Tropical Neurology, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025 Limoges, France.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Alebie G, Urga B, Worku A. Systematic review on traditional medicinal plants used for the treatment of malaria in Ethiopia: trends and perspectives. Malar J 2017; 16:307. [PMID: 28764723 PMCID: PMC5540187 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-017-1953-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ethiopia is endowed with abundant medicinal
plant resources and traditional medicinal practices. However, available research evidence on indigenous anti-malarial plants is highly fragmented in the country. The present systematic review attempted to explore, synthesize and compile ethno-medicinal research evidence on anti-malarial medicinal plants in Ethiopia. Methods A systematic web search analysis and review was conducted on research literature pertaining to medicinal plants used for traditional malaria treatment in Ethiopia. Data were collected from a total of 82 Ethiopian studies meeting specific inclusion criteria including published research articles and unpublished thesis reports. SPSS Version 16 was used to summarize relevant ethno-botanical/medicinal information using descriptive statistics, frequency, percentage, tables, and bar graphs. Results A total of 200 different plant species (from 71 families) used for traditional malaria treatment were identified in different parts of Ethiopia. Distribution and usage pattern of anti-malarial plants showed substantial variability across different geographic settings. A higher diversity of anti-malarial plants was reported from western and southwestern parts of the country. Analysis of ethno-medicinal recipes indicated that mainly fresh leaves were used for preparation of remedies. Decoction, concoction and eating/chewing were found to be the most frequently employed herbal remedy preparation methods. Notably, anti-malarial herbal remedies were administered by oral route. Information on potential side effects of anti-malarial herbal preparations was patchy. However, some anti-malarial plants were reported to have potentially serious side effects using different local antidotes and some specific contra-indications. Conclusion The study highlighted a rich diversity of indigenous anti-malarial medicinal plants with equally divergent herbal remedy preparation and use pattern in Ethiopia. Baseline information gaps were observed in key geographic settings. Likewise, herbal remedy toxicity risks and countermeasures generally entailed more exhaustive investigation. Experimental research and advanced chemical analysis are also required to validate the therapeutic potential of anti-malarial compounds from promising plant species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12936-017-1953-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Getachew Alebie
- Department of Biology, Jigjiga University, P.O. Box-1020, Jijiga, Ethiopia.
| | - Befikadu Urga
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jigjiga University, P.O.Box-1020, Jijiga, Ethiopia
| | - Amha Worku
- Department of Biology, Jigjiga University, P.O. Box-1020, Jijiga, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Antiproliferative hydroxy-fatty acids from the fodder legume Stylosanthes guianensis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 141:157-164. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
9
|
|
10
|
Haidara M, Bourdy G, De Tommasi N, Braca A, Traore K, Giani S, Sanogo R. Medicinal Plants Used in Mali for the Treatment of Malaria and Liver Diseases. Nat Prod Commun 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1601100309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Today, ethno-pharmacology is a very important resource in order to discover new therapies for the current diseases. Moreover, another good justification for the ethno-pharmacological approach is to obtain new, effective, less expensive and simple therapies, limiting at the same time the cost of pharmaceutical research. Two major anti-malarial drugs widely used today, i.e. quinine and artemisinin, came respectively from Peruvian and Chinese ancestral treatments reported in the traditional medicines. In this contest, there is an urgent need for the discovery of new drugs, due to the critical epidemiological situation of this disease and to the growth of resistances. In Mali, malaria and liver diseases remain one of the leading public health problems. Many medicinal plants are often used, in local traditional medicine, for the treatment at the same time of malaria and liver diseases, including hepatic syndromes, jaundice, hepatitis and other hepatic disorders. Moreover, in the local language Bamanan, the word “ Sumaya” is used both for malaria and some liver diseases. In addition, we noted that some of the improved traditional phytomedicines produced by the Department of Traditional Medicine are prescribed by modern doctors both for malaria and liver diseases. In this review, pharmacological, toxicological and phytochemical data on Argemone mexicana L. (Papaveraceae), Cochlospermum tinctorium Perr. ex A. Rich (Cochlospermaceae), Combretum micranthum G.Don (Combretaceae), Entada africana Guillet Perr. (Mimosaceae), Erythrina senegalensis A. DC (Fabaceae), Mitragyna inermis (Willd) Kuntze (Rubiaceae), Nauclea latifolia Smith syn. Sarcocephalus latifolius (Smith) Bruce (Rubiaceae), Securidaca longepedunculata Fresen (Polygalaceae), Trichilia emetica Vahl. (Meliaceae), and Vernonia colorata (Willd) Drake (Asteraceae) are reported. Some of the collected data could be used to improve the actual herbal drugs and to propose new phytomedicines for the management of malaria and liver diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahamane Haidara
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université des Sciences des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Mali
| | - Geneviève Bourdy
- Laboratoire de Pharmacochimie et Pharmacologie pour le Développement (PharmaDev) de Toulouse, France
| | - Nunziatina De Tommasi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Alessandra Braca
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Rokia Sanogo
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université des Sciences des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Mali
- Département Médecine Traditionnelle, Bamako, Mali
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Omosa LK, Midiwo JO, Masila VM, Gisacho BM, Munayi R, Chemutai KP, Elhaboob G, Saeed MEM, Hamdoun S, Kuete V, Efferth T. Cytotoxicity of 91 Kenyan indigenous medicinal plants towards human CCRF-CEM leukemia cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 179:177-96. [PMID: 26721219 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Plants from Kenyan flora are traditionally used against many ailments, including cancer and related diseases. Cancer is characterized as a condition with complex signs and symptoms. Recently there are recommendations that ethnopharmacological usages such as immune and skin disorders, inflammatory, infectious, parasitic and viral diseases should be taken into account when selecting plants that treat cancer. AIM The present study was aimed at investigating the cytotoxicity of a plethora of 145 plant parts from 91 medicinal plants, most of which are used in the management of cancer and related diseases by different communities in Kenya, against CCRF-CEM leukemia cell line. MATERIALS AND METHODS Extracts from different plant parts (leaves, stems, stem bark, roots, root barks, aerial parts and whole herb) were obtained by cold percolation using different solvent systems, such as (1:1v/v) dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) and n-hexane (1), methanol (MeOH) and CH2Cl2 (2); neat MeOH (3), 5% H2O in MeOH (4) and with ethanol (EtOH, 5); their cytotoxicities were determined using the resazurin reduction assay against CCRF-CEM cells. RESULTS At a single concentration of 10μg/mL, 12 out of 145 extracts exhibited more than 50% cell inhibition. These include samples from the root bark of Erythrina sacleuxii (extracted with 50% n-hexane-CH2Cl2), the leaves of Albizia gummifera, and Strychnos usambarensis, the stem bark of Zanthoxylum gilletii, Bridelia micrantha, Croton sylvaticus, and Albizia schimperiana; the root bark of Erythrina burttii and E. sacleuxii (extracted with 50% CH2Cl2-MeOH), the stem bark of B. micrantha and Z. gilletii (extracted using 5% MeOH-H2O) and from the berries of Solanum aculeastrum (extracted with neat EtOH). The EtOH extract of the berries of S. aculeastrum and A. schimperiana stem bark extract displayed the highest cytotoxicity towards leukemia CCRF-CEM cells, with IC50 values of 1.36 and 2.97µg/mL, respectively. Other extracts having good activities included the extracts of the stem barks of Z. gilletii and B. micrantha and leaves of S. usambarensis with IC50 values of 9.04, 9.43 and 11.09µg/mL, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study provided information related to the possible use of some Kenyam medicinal plants, and mostly S. aculeastrum, A. schimperiana, C. sylvaticus, Z. gilletii, B. micrantha and S. usambarensis in the treatment of leukemia. The reported data helped to authenticate the claimed traditional use of these plants. However, most plants are used in combination as traditional herbal concoctions. Hence, the cytotoxicity of corresponding plant combinations should be tested in vitro to authenticate the traditional medical practitioners actual practices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonidah K Omosa
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, University of Nairobi, P. O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Jacob O Midiwo
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, University of Nairobi, P. O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Veronica M Masila
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, University of Nairobi, P. O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Boniface M Gisacho
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, University of Nairobi, P. O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Renee Munayi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, University of Nairobi, P. O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Gihan Elhaboob
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, P. O. Box 321-11115, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Mohamed E M Saeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sami Hamdoun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Victor Kuete
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lawal B, Shittu OK, Kabiru AY, Jigam AA, Umar MB, Berinyuy EB, Alozieuwa BU. Potential antimalarials from African natural products: A reviw. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE RESEARCH 2015; 4:318-43. [PMID: 26649238 PMCID: PMC4665028 DOI: 10.5455/jice.20150928102856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Malaria remains an overwhelming infectious disease with significant health challenges in African and other endemic countries globally. Resistance to antimalarial drugs has become one of the most momentous challenges to human health, and thus has necessitated the hunt for new and effective drugs. Consequently, few decades have witnessed a surfeit of research geared to validate the effectiveness of commonly used traditionally medicines against malaria fever. The present review work focuses on documenting natural products from African whose activity has been reported in vivo or in vitro against malaria parasite. Literature was collected using electronic search of published articles (Google Scholar, PubMed, Medline, Sciencedirect, and Science domain) that report on antiplasmodial activity of natural products from differernts Africa region. A total of 652 plant taxa from 146 families, 134 isolated antimalarial compounds from 39 plants species, 2 herbal formulations and 4 insect/products were found to be reported in literature from 1996 to 2015. Plants species from family Asteraceae (11.04%), Fababceae (8.128%), Euphorbiaceae (5.52%), Rubiaceas (5.52%), and Apocyanaceae (5.214%), have received more scientific validation than others. African natural products possess remarkable healing properties as revealed in the various citations as promising antimalarial agents. Some of these natural products from Africa demonstrate high, promising or low activities against Plasmodium parasite. This study also shows that natural products from Africa have a huge amount of novel antimalarial compounds that could serve as a leads for the development of new and effective antiplasmodial drugs. However, in a view of bridging the gap in knowledge, clinical validation of these natural products are of paramount importance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bashir Lawal
- Department of Biochemistry, Tropical Disease Research Unit, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 65, Minna, Nigeria
| | - Oluwatosin Kudirat Shittu
- Department of Biochemistry, Tropical Disease Research Unit, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 65, Minna, Nigeria
| | - Adamu Yusuf Kabiru
- Department of Biochemistry, Tropical Disease Research Unit, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 65, Minna, Nigeria
| | - Ali Audu Jigam
- Department of Biochemistry, Tropical Disease Research Unit, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 65, Minna, Nigeria
| | - Maimuna Bello Umar
- Department of Biochemistry, Tropical Disease Research Unit, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 65, Minna, Nigeria
| | | | - Blessing Uchenna Alozieuwa
- Department of Biochemistry, Tropical Disease Research Unit, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 65, Minna, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Diarra N, Klooster CV, Togola A, Diallo D, Willcox M, Jong JD. Ethnobotanical study of plants used against malaria in Sélingué subdistrict, Mali. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 166:352-60. [PMID: 25752587 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Plants have contributed to food security and disease treatments to rural populations in sub Saharan Africa for many centuries. These plants occupy a significant place in the treatment of diseases, such as malaria. In Mali, malaria is the leading cause of medical consultation and death. This infection is particularly dangerous for pregnant women and children under 5 years. The general aim of this research was to collect data on the knowledge of traditional health practitioners on malaria in the Sélingué area; particularly to document how traditional healers conceptualize and diagnose malarial disease and to collect and identify medicinal plants or other substances used for their health and well-being. MATERIALS AND METHODS An ethnobotanical survey was conducted on simple and complicated malaria in six villages in Sélingué subdistrict in a period of 2 months. The ethnobotanical data was collected by means of semi-structured interviews and questionnaires. In total 50 traditional healers were interviewed. RESULTS Two concepts of malaria (simple and complicated malaria) were cited and 97 plants used to treat malaria were identified. Decoctions and bathing (whole body) proved to be the most commonly used mode of application. Food attitudes and mosquitoes are perceived to be the most important causes of the disease. Trichilia emetica, Mitragyna inermis, Sarcocephalus latifolius, Cassia sieberiana, Cochlospermum tinctorium, Anogeissus leiocarpa, Guiera senegalensis and Entada africana were quoted as the most used in the treatment of malaria. CONCLUSION Knowledge about malaria and traditional treatment practices exist in Sélingué subdistrict. Herbal remedies are commonly used by people for the treatment of malaria because they are believed to be cost-effective and more accessible. Many of the plant species used for the treatment of malaria have not been well documented as well as their phytochemical and antimalarial activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nouhoum Diarra
- Faculté des sciences et techniques (FST), Université de sciences des techniques et des technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Colline de Badalabougou, Badalabougou, Bamako, Mali
| | - Charlotte Van't Klooster
- Amsterdam Institute of Social Sciences (AISS), University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 15718, 1001, Netherlands
| | - Adiaratou Togola
- Département de Médecine Traditionnelle (DMT), Institut National de Recherche en Santé Publique (INRSP), Route de Sotuba, face Sotelco, BP 1746 Bamako, Mali
| | - Drissa Diallo
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de sciences des techniques et des technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali; Département de Médecine Traditionnelle (DMT), Institut National de Recherche en Santé Publique (INRSP), Route de Sotuba, face Sotelco, BP 1746 Bamako, Mali.
| | - Merlin Willcox
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Joop de Jong
- Amsterdam Institute of Social Sciences (AISS), University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 15718, 1001, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mongalo NI, McGaw LJ, Finnie JF, Staden JV. Securidaca longipedunculata Fresen (Polygalaceae): a review of its ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological properties and toxicology. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 165:215-26. [PMID: 25724970 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Securidaca longipedunculata Fresen (Polygalaceae) is a multi-purpose plant with a long history of use in African traditional medicine to treat various sexually transmitted infections, hernias, coughs, fever, ascariasis, constipation, headaches, rheumatism, stomach ache, malaria, tuberculosis, pain, epilepsy, pneumonia, skin infections, and it is also used as an aphrodisiac for men. The current paper provides an overview of the present phytochemistry, toxicology, ethnomedicinal uses and pharmacological properties of S. longipedunculata. MATERIALS AND METHODS The information reported in this paper was collected from a literature search using various computerised databases including ScienceDirect, Scopus, Scielo, PubMed and Google Scholar. The extra information was sourced from various academic dissertations, theses and botanical books. RESULTS Phytochemically, extracts from various parts of S. longipedunculata, especially the root bark, contain numerous valuable compounds including xanthones, some benzyl benzoates and triterpene saponins amongst others. Toxicity studies, both in vivo and in vitro, revealed that extracts are only toxic at relatively high concentrations. Furthermore, extracts have antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiparasitic, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, insecticidal, pesticidal, and anticonvulsant properties. CONCLUSIONS S. longipedunculata is an important plant species with potential benefits in the treatment of transmissible and infectious diseases, including malaria, tuberculosis, and those caused by community acquired microorganisms. Although extracts from this species generally have little toxicity at low concentrations, further efforts are required to investigate the potential toxicity of S. longipedunculata. The antimicrobial properties of extracts and purified compounds against microorganisms causing sexually transmitted infections are also deserving of further research. Moreover, the pharmacokinetic properties of extracts and compounds of the species need to be explored as there is insufficient data available on these aspects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N I Mongalo
- University of South Africa, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Private Bag X6, Florida 1710, South Africa; Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
| | - L J McGaw
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
| | - J F Finnie
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
| | - J Van Staden
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Tibiri A, Sawadogo WR, Dao A, Elkington BG, Ouedraogo N, Guissou IP. Indigenous knowledge of medicinal plants among Dozo hunters: an ethnobotanical survey in Niamberla village, Burkina Faso. J Altern Complement Med 2015; 21:294-303. [PMID: 25919087 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2014.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This investigation aims to provide a database of Dozo traditional knowledge of medicinal plants used for the treatment of common diseases. DESIGN The study was conducted through individual interviews using a survey form. Data were recorded in a database allowing statistical analysis. Each plant was recorded and documented with a herbarium specimen. Settings/Location & Subjects: The term Dozo refers to great hunters from Burkina Faso, highly renowned for their knowledge of medicinal plants. Niamberla village was founded by Dozo hunters and is currently the residence of many traditional healers. Unfortunately, their indigenous knowledge is not well recorded and may be lost between two generations. RESULTS A total of 16 traditional healers were interviewed, giving 89 recipes for the treatment of 37 diseases. The most common diseases are malaria (13%), psychological/spiritual issues (12%), gastric disorders (11%), sexually transmitted diseases (10%), and wounds (8%). A total of 56 medicinal plants have been identified, consisting mostly of trees (44%), shrubs (34%), and herbs (16%). CONCLUSIONS The results of this research provide a basis for pharmacological and toxicological investigations and are necessary to preserve the indigenous knowledge of traditional medicine among Dozo hunters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- André Tibiri
- 1 Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé , Departement Médecine, Pharmacopée Traditionnelles et Pharmacie (IRSS-MEPHATRA/PH), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ntie-Kang F, Lifongo LL, Simoben CV, Babiaka SB, Sippl W, Mbaze LM. The uniqueness and therapeutic value of natural products from West African medicinal plants. Part I: uniqueness and chemotaxonomy. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra03038a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This review gives an in depth coverage of the natural products derived from West African medicinal plants with diverse biological activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fidele Ntie-Kang
- Chemical and Bioactivity Information Centre
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Buea
- Buea, Cameroon
| | - Lydia L. Lifongo
- Chemical and Bioactivity Information Centre
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Buea
- Buea, Cameroon
| | - Conrad V. Simoben
- Chemical and Bioactivity Information Centre
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Buea
- Buea, Cameroon
| | - Smith B. Babiaka
- Chemical and Bioactivity Information Centre
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Buea
- Buea, Cameroon
| | - Wolfgang Sippl
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Martin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg
- Halle, Germany
| | - Luc Meva'a Mbaze
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Douala
- Douala, Cameroon
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Santhoshkumar T, Rahuman AA, Bagavan A, Marimuthu S, Jayaseelan C, Kirthi AV, Kamaraj C, Rajakumar G, Zahir AA, Elango G, Velayutham K, Iyappan M, Siva C, Karthik L, Rao KVB. Evaluation of stem aqueous extract and synthesized silver nanoparticles using Cissus quadrangularis against Hippobosca maculata and Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Exp Parasitol 2012; 132:156-65. [PMID: 22750410 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2012.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2011] [Revised: 06/16/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The present study was to determine the efficacies of anti-parasitic activities of synthesized silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) using stem aqueous extract of Cissus quadrangularis against the adult of hematophagous fly, Hippobosca maculata (Diptera: Hippoboscidae), and the larvae of cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae). Contact toxicity method was followed to determine the potential of parasitic activity. Twelve milliliters of stem aqueous extract of C. quadrangularis was treated with 88 ml of 1mM silver nitrate (AgNO(3)) solution at room temperature for 30 min and the resulting solution was yellow-brown color indicating the formation extracellular synthesis of Ag NPs. The synthesized Ag NPs were characterized with UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. The synthesized Ag NPs were recorded by UV-visible spectrum at 420 nm and XRD patterns showed the nanoparticles crystalline in nature. FTIR analysis confirmed that the bioreduction of Ag((+)) ions to Ag NPs were due to the reduction by capping material of plant extract. FESEM image of Ag NPs showed spherical and oval in shape. By using the Bragg's Law and Scherrer's constant, the average mean size of synthesized Ag NPs was 42.46 nm. The spot EDX analysis showed the complete chemical composition of the synthesized Ag NPs. The mortality obtained by the synthesized Ag NPs from the C. quadrangularis was more effective than the aqueous extract of C. quadrangularis and AgNO(3) solution (1 mM). The adulticidal activity was observed in the aqueous extract, AgNO(3) solution and synthesized Ag NPs against the adult of H. maculata with LC(50) values of 37.08, 40.35 and 6.30 mg/L; LC(90) values of 175.46, 192.17 and 18.14 mg/L and r(2) values of 0.970, 0.992 and 0.969, respectively. The maximum efficacy showed in the aqueous extract, AgNO(3) solution and synthesized Ag NPs against the larvae of R. (B.) microplus with LC(50) values of 50.00, 21.72 and 7.61 mg/L; LC(90) values of 205.12, 82.99 and 22.68 mg/L and r(2) values of 0.968, 0.945 and 0.994, respectively. The present study is the first report on antiparasitic activity of the experimental plant extract and synthesized Ag NPs. This is an ideal eco-friendly and inexpensive approach for the control of H. maculata and R. (B.) microplus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thirunavukkarasu Santhoshkumar
- Unit of Nanotechnology and Bioactive Natural Products, Post Graduate and Research Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam 632509, Vellore District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Erythrocyte peripheral type benzodiazepine receptor/voltage-dependent anion channels are upregulated by Plasmodium falciparum. Blood 2011; 118:2305-12. [PMID: 21795748 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-01-329300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum relies on anion channels activated in the erythrocyte membrane to ensure the transport of nutrients and waste products necessary for its replication and survival after invasion. The molecular identity of these anion channels, termed "new permeability pathways" is unknown, but their currents correspond to up-regulation of endogenous channels displaying complex gating and kinetics similar to those of ligand-gated channels. This report demonstrates that a peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor, including the voltage dependent anion channel, is present in the human erythrocyte membrane. This receptor mediates the maxi-anion currents previously described in the erythrocyte membrane. Ligands that block this peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor reduce membrane transport and conductance in P falciparum-infected erythrocytes. These ligands also inhibit in vitro intraerythrocytic growth of P falciparum. These data support the hypothesis that dormant peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptors become the "new permeability pathways" in infected erythrocytes after up-regulation by P falciparum. These channels are obvious targets for selective inhibition in anti-malarial therapies, as well as potential routes for drug delivery in pharmacologic applications.
Collapse
|
19
|
Sanogo R. Medicinal plants traditionally used in Mali for dysmenorrhea. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY, AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES 2011; 8:90-6. [PMID: 22754061 DOI: 10.4314/ajtcam.v8i5s.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Dysmenorrhea is painful menstrual cramps, which negatively impacts the quality of life of a large percentage of the world's female population in reproductive age. The paper reviews the plants used in the Malian traditional medicine for the treatment of dysmenorrhea. Some medicinal plants were effective for treatments of dysmenorrhea with minimal side effects. Conventional therapy for dysmenorrhea, which usually includes non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), provides symptomatic relief, but presents increasing adverse effects with long-term use. This article is in the framework of a study supported by International Foundation for Science (IFS) on three medicinal plants used in the treatment of dysmenorrhea in Mali: Maytenus senegalensis Stereospermum kunthianum and Trichilia emetica.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rokia Sanogo
- Département Médecine Traditionnelle, Institut National de Recherche en Santé Publique and Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy, Odontostomatology, University of Bamako, Mali.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Investigation of some medicinal plants traditionally used for treatment of malaria in Kenya as potential sources of antimalarial drugs. Exp Parasitol 2011; 127:609-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2010.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2010] [Revised: 11/01/2010] [Accepted: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
21
|
Batista R, de Jesus Silva Júnior A, de Oliveira AB. Plant-derived antimalarial agents: new leads and efficient phytomedicines. Part II. Non-alkaloidal natural products. Molecules 2009; 14:3037-72. [PMID: 19701144 PMCID: PMC6254980 DOI: 10.3390/molecules14083037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2009] [Revised: 08/07/2009] [Accepted: 08/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is still the most destructive and dangerous parasitic infection in many tropical and subtropical countries. The burden of this disease is getting worse, mainly due to the increasing resistance of Plasmodium falciparum against the widely available antimalarial drugs. There is an urgent need for new, more affordable and accessible antimalarial agents possessing original modes of action. Natural products have played a dominant role in the discovery of leads for the development of drugs to treat human diseases, and this fact anticipates that new antimalarial leads may certainly emerge from tropical plant sources. This present review covers most of the recently-published non-alkaloidal natural compounds from plants with antiplasmodial and antimalarial properties, belonging to the classes of terpenes, limonoids, flavonoids, chromones, xanthones, anthraquinones, miscellaneous and related compounds, besides the majority of papers describing antiplasmodial crude extracts published in the last five years not reviewed before. In addition, some perspectives and remarks on the development of new drugs and phytomedicines for malaria are succinctly discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronan Batista
- Departamento de Estudos Básicos e Instrumentais, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia – UESB, BR 415, Km 03, s/nº, 45.700-000 Itapetinga, BA, Brazil; E-mail: (A.d.J.S.J.)
| | - Ademir de Jesus Silva Júnior
- Departamento de Estudos Básicos e Instrumentais, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia – UESB, BR 415, Km 03, s/nº, 45.700-000 Itapetinga, BA, Brazil; E-mail: (A.d.J.S.J.)
| | - Alaíde Braga de Oliveira
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; E-mail: (A.B.d.O.)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Bero J, Ganfon H, Jonville MC, Frédérich M, Gbaguidi F, DeMol P, Moudachirou M, Quetin-Leclercq J. In vitro antiplasmodial activity of plants used in Benin in traditional medicine to treat malaria. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2009; 122:439-444. [PMID: 19429309 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2008] [Revised: 01/05/2009] [Accepted: 02/02/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of the study was to evaluate the in vitro antiplasmodial activity of crude extracts of 12 plant species traditionally used in Benin for the treatment of malaria in order to validate their use. MATERIALS AND METHODS For each species, dichloromethane, methanol and total aqueous extracts were tested. The antiplasmodial activity of extracts was evaluated using the measurement of the plasmodial lactate dehydrogenase activity on chloroquine-sensitive (3D7) and resistant (W2) strains of Plasmodium falciparum. The selectivity of the different extracts was evaluated using the MTT test on J774 macrophage-like murine cells and WI38 human normal fibroblasts. RESULTS The best growth inhibition of both strains of Plasmodium falciparum was observed with the dichloromethane extracts of Acanthospermum hispidum DC. (Asteraceae) (IC(50)=7.5 microg/ml on 3D7 and 4.8 microg/ml on W2), Keetia leucantha (K. Krause) Bridson (syn. Plectronia leucantha Krause) (Rubiaceae) leaves and twigs (IC(50)=13.8 and 11.3 microg/ml on 3D7 and IC(50)=26.5 and 15.8 microg/ml on W2, respectively), Carpolobia lutea G.Don. (Polygalaceae) (IC(50)=19.4 microg/ml on 3D7 and 8.1 microg/ml on W2) and Strychnos spinosa Lam. (Loganiaceae) leaves (IC(50)=15.6 microg/ml on 3D7 and 8.9 microg/ml on W2). All these extracts had a low cytotoxicity. CONCLUSION Our study gives some justifications for the traditional uses of some investigated plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Bero
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, UCL 7230, Brussels, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Pedersen ME, Vestergaard HT, Hansen SL, Bah S, Diallo D, Jäger AK. Pharmacological screening of Malian medicinal plants used against epilepsy and convulsions. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2009; 121:472-475. [PMID: 19056478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2008.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2008] [Revised: 09/20/2008] [Accepted: 11/05/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Several medicinal plants are used in Mali to treat epilepsy and convulsions. So far, no studies have investigated the pharmacological effect of these plants. AIMS The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro and in vivo antiepileptic potential of the ethanolic extracts of 11 Malian medicinal plants. MATERIALS AND METHODS The extracts were screened for antiepileptic properties in the mouse cortical wedge preparation and in the [3H]-flumazenil binding assay. Two of the plant extracts were investigated for anticonvulsive properties in the pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) kindling model in mice. Possible side effects on motor impairment were evaluated using the rota-rod test. RESULTS Extracts of 10 of the 11 medicinal plants showed affinity to the benzodiazepine binding site on the GABAA receptor. Seven of the 11 extracts inhibited the spontaneous discharges (SEDs) in the mouse cortical wedge preparation, with the extracts of Flueggea virosa and Psorospermum senegalense being the most potent. However, when tested for in vivo anticonvulsive properties these two extracts failed to show any effect on PTZ-induced seizures in mice. CONCLUSIONS The pharmacological screening of the ethanolic extracts of 11 Malian medicinal plants in vitro lead to the identification of several extracts with potential anticonvulsant properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikael E Pedersen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2 Universitetsparken, 2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Potu BK, Rao MS, Nampurath GK, Chamallamudi MR, Prasad K, Nayak SR, Dharmavarapu PK, Kedage V, Bhat KMR. Evidence-based assessment of antiosteoporotic activity of petroleum-ether extract of Cissus quadrangularis Linn. on ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis. Ups J Med Sci 2009; 114:140-8. [PMID: 19736603 PMCID: PMC2852762 DOI: 10.1080/03009730902891784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing incidence of postmenopausal osteoporosis and its related fractures have become global health issues in the recent days. Postmenopausal osteoporosis is the most frequent metabolic bone disease; it is characterized by a rapid loss of mineralized bone tissue. Hormone replacement therapy has proven efficacious in preventing bone loss but not desirable to many women due to its side-effects. Therefore we are in need to search the natural compounds for a treatment of postmenopausal symptoms in women with no toxic effects. In the present study, we have evaluated the effect of petroleum-ether extract of Cissus quadrangularis Linn. (CQ), a plant used in folk medicine, on an osteoporotic rat model developed by ovariectomy. In this experiment, healthy female Wistar rats were divided into four groups of six animals each. Group 1 was sham operated. All the remaining groups were ovariectomized. Group 2 was fed with an equivolume of saline and served as ovariectomized control (OVX). Groups 3 and 4 were orally treated with raloxifene (5.4 mg/kg) and petroleum-ether extract of CQ (500 mg/kg), respectively, for 3 months. The findings were assessed on the basis of animal weight, morphology of femur, and histochemical localization of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (an osteoblastic marker) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) (an osteoclastic marker) in upper end of femur. The study revealed for the first time that the petroleum-ether extract of CQ reduced bone loss, as evidenced by the weight gain in femur, and also reduced the osteoclastic activity there by facilitating bone formation when compared to the OVX group. The osteoclastic activity was confirmed by TRAP staining, and the bone formation was assessed by ALP staining in the femur sections. The color intensity of TRAP and ALP enzymes from the images were evaluated by image analysis software developed locally. The effect of CQ was found to be effective on both enzymes, and it might be a potential candidate for prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. The biological activity of CQ on bone may be attributed to the phytogenic steroids present in it.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhagath K Potu
- Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|