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Danilevicz CK, Pizzolato LS, Bianchi SE, Meirelles G, Bassani VL, Siqueira IR. Pharmacological evaluation of a traditional Brazilian medicinal plant, Monteverdia ilicifolia. Part I - Preclinical safety study. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 324:117806. [PMID: 38278373 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Monteverdia ilicifolia (Maytenus ilicifolia, Celastraceae), known as "espinheira-santa", has been widely used in Brazil to manage mainly gastrointestinal diseases. This species has been listed in the Brazilian Pharmacopeia and in the National List of Essential Medicines (RENAME). Considering that clinical studies about M. ilicifolia are rare, our group has been performing a broader project designed to evaluate the efficacy of M. ilicifolia capsules in a clinical trial, for this reason, approaches to provide safety to those patients are relevant. AIM OF THE STUDY We aimed to investigate the potential pharmacokinetic interaction and hepatotoxicity and intestinal toxicity of an aqueous extract of M. ilicifolia and its main phytocompounds, catequin, epicatequin, and quercetin. METHODS AND MATERIALS Slices of liver and intestine of Wistar rats were incubated with different concentrations of M. ilicifolia extract or isolated compounds (catechin, epicatechin and quercetin). Commercial kits were used to evaluate enzyme activities of CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 isoforms, as well as cell viability (MTT) assay and intracellular enzymes leakage, specifically lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (AP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were studied. RESULTS Incubation with M. ilicifolia extract, catechin, epicatechin and quercetin did not affect significantly any evaluated parameter in intestines. The intracellular enzymes leakages, CYP2D6, LDH and AST, were increased with M. ilicifolia extract and quercetin in liver slices. CONCLUSIONS Our in vitro findings highlighted, for the first time, the potential hepatotoxicity induced by an aqueous extract of M. ilicifolia, consequently this species and its products should be avoided in liver diseases, supporting that studies of safety must be performed including in the context of traditional medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Krebs Danilevicz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Lolita Schneider Pizzolato
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Sara Elis Bianchi
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Galênico, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Gabriela Meirelles
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Valquiria Linck Bassani
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Galênico, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Ionara Rodrigues Siqueira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Bittar VP, Silva Borges AL, Justino AB, Carrillo MSP, Mateus Duarte RF, Silva NBS, Gonçalves DS, Prado DG, Araújo IAC, Martins MM, Gomes Martins CH, Botelho FV, Silva NM, de Oliveira A, Espíndola FS. Bioactive compounds from the leaves of Maytenus ilicifolia Mart. ex Reissek: Inhibition of LDL oxidation, glycation, lipid peroxidation, target enzymes, and microbial growth. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117315. [PMID: 37852339 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Maytenus ilicifolia Mart. ex Reissek, a medicinal plant used for treating gastritis, ulcers, and gastric disorders, possesses therapeutic properties attributed to diverse leaf compounds-terpenoids, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, and tannins, reflecting the ethnopharmacological knowledge of traditional users. AIMS OF THE STUDY We aimed to assess the antioxidant and antiglycant capacities of Maytenus ilicifolia's ethanolic extract and organic fractions, identify bioactive compounds through HPLC-MS/MS analysis, and conduct phytochemical assessments. We also assessed their potential to inhibit digestive and cholinesterase enzymes, mitigate oxidation of human LDL and rat hepatic tissue, and examine their antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties. MATERIALS AND METHODS Organic fractions (hexane - HF-Mi, dichloromethane - DMF-Mi, ethyl acetate - EAF-Mi, n-butanol - BF-Mi, and hydromethanolic - HMF-Mi) were obtained via liquid-liquid partitioning. Antioxidant (DPPH, FRAP, ORAC) and antiglycant (BSA/FRU, BSA/MGO, ARG/MGO/LDL/MGO models) capacities were tested. Phytochemical analysis employed HPLC-MS/MS. We also studied the inhibitory effects on α-amylase, acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, human LDL and rat hepatic tissue oxidation, antimicrobial activity, and cytotoxicity against RAW 264.7 macrophages. RESULTS HPLC-ESI-MS/MS identified antioxidant compounds such as catechin, quercetin, and kaempferol derivatives. Ethanolic extract (EE-Mi) and organic fractions demonstrated robust antioxidant and antiglycant activity. EAF-Mi and BF-Mi inhibited α-amylase (2.42 μg/mL and 7.95 μg/mL) compared to acarbose (0.144 μg/mL). Most organic fractions exhibited ∼50% inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase, rivaling galantamine and rivastigmine. EAF-Mi, BF-Mi, and EE-Mi excelled in inhibiting lipid peroxidation. All fractions, except HMF-Mi, effectively countered LDL oxidation, evidenced by the area under the curve. These fractions protected LDL against lipid peroxidation. CONCLUSION This study unveils Maytenus ilicifolia's ethanolic extract and organic fractions properties. Through rigorous analysis, we identify bioactive compounds and highlight their antioxidant, antiglycant, enzyme inhibition, and protective properties against oxidative damage. These findings underline its significance in modern pharmacology and its potential applications in healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Prado Bittar
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Ana Luiza Silva Borges
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Allisson Benatti Justino
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Maria Sol Peña Carrillo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Rener Francisco Mateus Duarte
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Nagela Bernadelli Sousa Silva
- Laboratory of Antimicrobial Testing, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Uberlândia, Campus Umuarama, Uberlândia, MG, 38405-320, Brazil
| | - Daniela Silva Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Antimicrobial Testing, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Uberlândia, Campus Umuarama, Uberlândia, MG, 38405-320, Brazil
| | - Diego Godina Prado
- Nucleus of Research in Natural Products (NuPPeN), Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Iasmin Aparecida Cunha Araújo
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlândia, MG, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Mário Machado Martins
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology "Dr. Luiz Ricardo Goulart Filho", Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique Gomes Martins
- Laboratory of Antimicrobial Testing, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Uberlândia, Campus Umuarama, Uberlândia, MG, 38405-320, Brazil
| | - Françoise Vasconcelos Botelho
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Neide Maria Silva
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlândia, MG, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Alberto de Oliveira
- Nucleus of Research in Natural Products (NuPPeN), Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Foued Salmen Espíndola
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, 38400-902, Brazil.
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Ahmed O, Nedi T, Yimer EM. Evaluation of anti-gastric ulcer activity of aqueous and 80% methanol leaf extracts of Urtica simensis in rats. Metabol Open 2022; 14:100172. [PMID: 35313530 PMCID: PMC8933831 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2022.100172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric ulcer is a major public health problem globally and associated with severe complications including hemorrhages, perforations, gastrointestinal obstruction, and malignancy. Urtica simensis is widely used for traditional management of gastric ulcer in different parts of Ethiopia. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the anti-gastric ulcer activity of aqueous and 80% methanol extracts of U.simensis in rats. Methods The leaf extracts were prepared using decoction (aqueous) and maceration (80% methanol) techniques and in vivo anti-gastric ulcer effects of various doses of U. simensis extracts and the effect were determined using the pylorus ligation, indomethacin and ethanol induced gastric ulcer models. Results In pylorus ligation induced gastric ulcer model, both aqueous and 80% methanol extracts at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg were exhibited significant reduction in total acidity, volume of gastric secretion (p < 0.001) and substansial rise in pH (p˂0.05) of the gastric secretion. In indomethacin induced ulcer model, both aqueous and methanol extracts were exhibited dose dependent increment in gastric wall mucus compared to control (p < 0.001). In ethanol induced ulcer model, all doses of extract produced significant increment in gastric wall mucus from 46.66 ± 0.96 (AQ100) to 75.87 ± 1.52 (ME 400) μg alcian blue/g wet stomach. Five days pre-treatment with 200 mg/kg of both and aqueous and methanolic extracts exhibited significant (P < 0.001) ulcer inhibition in both indomethacin and ethanol-induced ulcer models. Conclusion Both extracts of U.simensis exhibited a promising anti-gastric ulcer activity in all of the three models and this findings supports for traditional claimed use of the leaf of U. simensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ousman Ahmed
- Woldia University, College of Health Sciences, Ethiopia
- Corresponding author.
| | - Teshome Nedi
- Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Ethiopia
| | - Ebrahim M. Yimer
- Wollo University, College of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Ethiopia
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Gonçalves GM, de Oliveira JM, Ferreira da Costa Fernandes T, Laureano-Melo R, da Silva Côrtes W, Capim SL, Araujo de Almeida Vasconcellos ML, Guimarães Marinho B. Evaluation of the in vivo and in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of a new hybrid NSAID tetrahydropyran derivative. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2022; 100:341-351. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2021-0437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity in vivo and in vitro of cis-(±)-acetate of 4-chloro-6-(naphtalene-1-yl)-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl) methyl 2-(2-(2,6-diclorofenylamine) phenyl (LS19). Male Swiss mice were analyzed in the paw edema, ear edema, and air pouch tests, and in vitro COX inhibition, cytotoxicity evaluation, and cytokine and nitric oxide determination tests. The compound showed effect on the carrageenan- and bradykinin-induced paw edema and capsaicin-induced ear edema tests. In addition, the compound was able to inhibit leukocyte migration to decrease the levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and to increase the levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. The compound was also able to reduce levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and nitric oxide in the RAW 264.7 cell line and to inhibit COX activity. LS19 did not induce any significant changes in the viability of RAW 264.7 cells, demonstrating safety for these cell lines. The compound LS19 did not reduce the production of gastric mucus and induced a smaller increase in the extent of gastric lesions than that developed by the administration of diclofenac. In summary, the new compound proved to be safer and it had additional mechanisms compared to diclofenac.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Mastrangelo Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Inflamação e Nocicepção, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil
| | - Joyce Mattos de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Inflamação e Nocicepção, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil
| | | | - Roberto Laureano-Melo
- Laboratório de Fisiofarmacologia Comportamental, Centro Universitário de Barra Mansa, Barra Mansa, RJ, Brasil
| | - Wellington da Silva Côrtes
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Inflamação e Nocicepção, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil
| | - Saulo Luis Capim
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Baiano, Campus Catu, BA, Brasil
| | | | - Bruno Guimarães Marinho
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Inflamação e Nocicepção, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil
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5
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Olivaro C, Escobal M, de Souza G, Mederos A. Chemical characterisation and in vitro anthelmintic activity of phenolic-rich extracts from the leaves and branches of Maytenus ilicifolia, a native plant from South America. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:3168-3172. [PMID: 34227441 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1948844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Free (epi) catechin, quercetin, (epi) gallocatechin, flavonol glycosides and condensed tannins were identified according to their molecular mass, characteristic product ions and retention times in extracts obtained from leaves and branches of Maytenus ilicifolia (Congorosa) by mass spectrometry. The in vitro anthelmintic activity against cattle gastrointestinal nematodes of Congorosa extract was determined using the Egg Hatch Inhibition Assay. Additionally, commercial quercetin, gallocatechin and epicatechin were evaluated. Although total phenolics, total tannins and condensed tannins contents were lower in branches extract than in leaves extract, the EC50 were 0.065 mg/mL and 0.890 mg/mL for branches and leaves extract, respectively. Moreover, the use of polyvinylpyrrolidone as a blocking agent of tannins, did not change significantly the EC50 for branches extract, but significantly changed for leaves extract. Quercetin and gallocatechin EC50 values were in the range 0.03-0.05 mg/mL and epicatechin showed 100% inhibition of the egg hatching process at 0.004 mg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Olivaro
- Espacio de Ciencia y Tecnología Química, Centro Universitario Regional Noreste, Universidad de la República, Tacuarembó, Uruguay
| | - Micaela Escobal
- Espacio de Ciencia y Tecnología Química, Centro Universitario Regional Noreste, Universidad de la República, Tacuarembó, Uruguay
| | - Guillermo de Souza
- Programa Nacional de Producción de Carne y Lana, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, Tacuarembó, Uruguay
| | - América Mederos
- Programa Nacional de Producción de Carne y Lana, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, Tacuarembó, Uruguay
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Xavier GM, Guimarães ALS, de Carvalho Fraga CA, Guimarães TA, de Souza MG, Jones KM, Farias LC. Pathways Related to the Anti-Cancer Effects of Metabolites Derived from Cerrado Biome Native Plants: An Update and Bioinformatics Analysis on Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Protein Pept Lett 2020; 28:735-749. [PMID: 33302827 DOI: 10.2174/0929866527999201209221012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral cancer is a significant health problem worldwide. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a malignant neoplasm of epithelial cells that mostly affects different anatomical sites in the head and neck and derives from the squamous epithelium or displays similar morphological characteristics. Generally, OSCC is often the end stage of several changes in the stratified squamous epithelium, which begin as epithelial dysplasia and progress by breaking the basement membrane and invading adjacent tissues. Several plant-based drugs with potent anti-cancer effects are considered inexpensive treatments with limited side effects for cancer and other diseases. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review is to explore whether some Brazilian plant extracts or constituents exhibit anti-tumorigenic activity or have a cytotoxic effect on human oral carcinoma cells. METHODS Briefly, OSCC and several metabolites derived from Brazilian plants (i.e., flavonoids, vinblastine, irinotecan, etoposide and paclitaxel) were used as keywords to search the literature on PubMed, GenBank and GeneCards. RESULTS The results showed that these five chemical compounds found in Cerrado Biome plants exhibit anti-neoplastic effects. Evaluating the compounds revealed that they play a main role in the regulation of cell proliferation. CONCLUSION Preserving and utilising the biodiversity of our planet, especially in unique ecosystems, such as the Cerrado Biome, may prove essential to preserving and promoting human health in modern contexts.
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Ardalani H, Hadipanah A, Sahebkar A. Medicinal Plants in the Treatment of Peptic Ulcer Disease: A Review. Mini Rev Med Chem 2020; 20:662-702. [PMID: 31880244 DOI: 10.2174/1389557520666191227151939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) is the most common disorder of the stomach and duodenum, which is associated with Helicobacter pylori infection. PUD occurs due to an imbalance between offensive and defensive factors and Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPI), Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) and antibiotics are frequently used for the treatment. Recently, medicinal plants have emerged as efficacious, safe and widely available alternative therapies for PUD. The aim of this review was to study the medicinal plants and phytochemicals, which have been used for PUD treatment to evaluate the potential role of natural compounds to develop herbal remedies for PUD. Information was obtained using a literature search of electronic databases, such as Web of Science, Google Scholar, PubMed, Sci Finder, Reaxys and Cochrane. Common and scientific names of the plants and keywords such as 'peptic ulcer', 'gastric ulcer', 'stomach ulcer' and 'duodenal ulcer' were used for search. Eventually, 279 plants from 89 families were identified and information on the plant families, part of the plant used, chemical constituents, extracts, ulcer model used and dosage were abstracted. The results indicated that most of the anti-PUD plants were from Asteraceae (7.1%) and Fabaceae (6.8%) families while flavonoids (49%), tannins (13%), saponins (10%) and alkaloids (9%) were the most common natural compounds in plants with anti-PUD activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Ardalani
- Department of Horticulture, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.,Department Agroecology, Aarhus University, 4200 Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Amin Hadipanah
- Department of Horticulture, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran.,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Ferreira GA, Felippe LC, Silva-Cavalcante MD, De-Mello APA, Coelho DB, Maranhão R, Bertuzzi R, Dolinsky M, De-Oliveira FR, Lima-Silva AE, Da-Silva KJ. Maytenus ilicifolia Extract Increases Oxygen Uptake without Changes in Neuromuscular Fatigue Development during a High-Intensity Interval Exercise. J Am Coll Nutr 2020; 40:419-428. [PMID: 32790496 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2020.1787906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the effects of acute ingestion of Maytenus ilicifolia extract on metabolic and cardiopulmonary responses during a high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE), and its consequence on neuromuscular fatigue. METHODS Ten healthy men underwent a HIIE (4 x 4 min, 3 min recovery) one hour after ingesting 400 mg of Maytenus ilicifolia extract (MIE) or placebo. Oxygen uptake (V̇O2), dioxide carbon production (V̇CO2), ventilation (V̇E) and heart rate (HR) were measured throughout the HIIE. Maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), voluntary activation (VA), and evoked 1, 10 and 100 Hz force twitch were measured before supplementation (baseline), and before (pre-HIIE) and after the HIIE (post-HIIE). RESULTS The V̇O2, V̇E, V̇E/V̇O2 ratio and HR increased progressively throughout the HIIE under both conditions (p < 0.05). MIE increased HR, however, at bouts 1 and 2 and mean V̇O2 during HIIE. The mean respiratory exchange ratio during recovery was also reduced with MIE (p < 0.05). MVC and evoked force at 1, 10 and 100 Hz declined similarly after HIIE, regardless of the condition (MIE: -18 ± 17%, -50 ± 15%, -61 ± 13% and -34 ± 10% vs. placebo: -19 ± 15%, -48 ± 16%, -58 ± 12 and -29 ± 11%, respectively, p < 0.05). There was no effect of exercise or MIE on VA (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION MIE increases heart rate in the first bouts and mean oxygen uptake during HIIE without changes in neuromuscular fatigue development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme A Ferreira
- Associated Program of Post-Graduation in Physical Education UPE/UFPB, University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.,Sports Science Research Group, Academic Center of Vitoria, Federal University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil.,Human Performance Research Group, Federal University of Technology - Parana (UTFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Leandro C Felippe
- Sports Science Research Group, Academic Center of Vitoria, Federal University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil.,Human Performance Research Group, Federal University of Technology - Parana (UTFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Marcos D Silva-Cavalcante
- Sports Science Research Group, Academic Center of Vitoria, Federal University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil.,Human Performance Research Group, Federal University of Technology - Parana (UTFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula A De-Mello
- Sports Science Research Group, Academic Center of Vitoria, Federal University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Daniel B Coelho
- Center of Engineering, Modeling, and Applied Social Science, Federal University of ABC, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renato Maranhão
- Sports Science Research Group, Academic Center of Vitoria, Federal University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Rômulo Bertuzzi
- Endurance Performance Research Group (GEDAE-USP), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Manuela Dolinsky
- Departament of Nutrition and Dietetic, Federal Fluminense University, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Adriano E Lima-Silva
- Sports Science Research Group, Academic Center of Vitoria, Federal University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil.,Human Performance Research Group, Federal University of Technology - Parana (UTFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Kleber J Da-Silva
- Sports Science Research Group, Academic Center of Vitoria, Federal University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil.,Human Performance Research Group, Federal University of Technology - Parana (UTFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
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Abstract
Background:
Peptic ulcer is a deep gastrointestinal erosion disorder that involves
the entire mucosal thickness and can even penetrate the muscular mucosa. Nowadays, several
plants and compounds derived from it have been screened for their antiulcer activity. In
the last few years, there has been an exponential growth in the field of herbal medicine. This
field has gained popularity in both developing and developed countries because of their natural
origin and less side effects.
Objective:
This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of currently available
knowledge of medicinal plants and phytoconstituents reported for their anti-ulcer properties.
Methods:
The worldwide accepted database like SCOPUS, PUBMED, SCIELO, NISCAIR,
ScienceDirect, Springerlink, Web of Science, Wiley, SciFinder and Google Scholar were
used to retrieve available published literature.
Results:
A comprehensive review of the present paper is an attempt to list the plants with
antiulcer activity. The review narrates the dire need to explore potential chemical moieties
that exert an antiulcer effect, from unexploited traditional plants. Furthermore, the present
study reveals the intense requirement to exploit the exact mechanism through which either
the plant extracts or their active constituents exhibit their antiulcer properties.
Conclusion:
This article is the compilation of the plants and its constituents reported for the
treatment of peptic ulcers. The Comprehensive data will surely attract the number of investigators
to initiate further research that might lead to the drugs for the treatment of ulcers. As
sufficient scientific data is not available on plants, most of the herbals cannot be recommended
for the treatment of diseases. This can be achieved by research on pure chemical
structures derived from plants or to prepare new lead compounds with proven beneficial
preclinical in vitro and in vivo effects. However, a lot remains to be done in further investigations
for the better status of medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minky Mukhija
- Ch. Devi Lal College of Pharmacy, Buria Road, Bhagwangarh, Jagadhri-135003, India
| | - Bhuwan Chandra Joshi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sardar Bhagwan Singh Post Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Research, Balawala, Dehradun-248001, India
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Avocado seeds (Persea americana Mill.) prevents indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in mice. Food Res Int 2018; 119:751-760. [PMID: 30884712 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The long-term use of anti-inflammatory drugs is the most common cause of gastric ulcer disease, one of the major gastrointestinal disorders affecting people worldwide. Persea americana Mill. (avocado) seed is a by-product generally discarded as waste, but can be used to treat gastric disorder due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential protective effects of the ethyl acetate fraction of avocado seeds (SEAP) extracts against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in mice. It was found that SEAP were effective in mitigating oxidative stress through a decrease on the oxidized products levels (reduction of 90% in lipid peroxidation in plasma) and increasing superoxide dismutase enzyme (SOD) activity (4.25-fold increase compared to the indomethacin group), also preventing the rise in ulcer and lesions areas (92% of protection) and histological changes induced by indomethacin. Chemical analysis using mass spectrometry by (-)-ESI-FT-ICR MS revealed the presence of (-)-epicatechin and (+)-catechin, confirmed by HPLC-DAD, and other important phenolic compounds in avocado seeds, such as caffeoylquinic acid, flavonoids, phenylpropanoids and tannins, substances that promote inhibition of pathways involved in gastric ulcer formation. Thus, avocado seeds extract may be a suitable natural source for the prevention and treatment of gastric ulcer.
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Wang Y, Wang SL, Zhang JY, Song XN, Zhang ZY, Li JF, Li S. Anti-ulcer and anti-Helicobacter pylori potentials of the ethyl acetate fraction of Physalis alkekengi L. var. franchetii (Solanaceae) in rodent. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 211:197-206. [PMID: 28964871 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Physalis alkekengi L. var. franchetii (Solanaceae) has been widely used in Chinese folk medicine due to its wide distribution throughout the country, for the treatment of a wide range of diseases including heat and cold, sore throat, fever, fungal infection, inflammation, toothache, rheumatism, burn, analgesic, ulcer and urinary diseases. However, the effect of P. alkekengi var. franchetii on ulcer and Helicobacter pylori infection has not been reported to date. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer, anti-Helicobacter pylori and analgesic properties of ethyl acetate fraction of the crude aqueous methanolic extract from the aerial parts of the plant P. alkekengi L. var. franchetii in rodents. MATERIALS AND METHODS Acute toxicity of the crude extract of P. alkekengi L. var. franchetii (PAF) was evaluated in rats. The petroleum ether fraction (PEF), butanol fraction (BF), ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) and aqueous fraction (AF) of crude aqueous methanolic extract from PAF were screened for anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcer potential at doses of 100, 250 and 500mg/kg (p.o.), using carrageenin-induced hind paw edema and ethanol-induced gastric lesions test in rats. In vitro anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of EAF was assayed subsequently. In addition, three doses of EAF were evaluated for analgesic activity using hot plate and writhing tests, respectively. Finally, we performed a phytochemical analysis of EAF. RESULTS Four fractions of crude extract from PAF significantly reduced the paw volume in carrageenin-induced hind paw edema model at different doses (100, 250 and 500mg/kg, p.o.). The fraction EAF at a dose of 500mg/kg exhibited the highest (75.92%) (0.150 ± 0.045***, ***p < 0.001) anti-inflammatory potential, which is similar to indomethacin (***P < 0.001)(0.120 ± 0.014***, 80.74% inhibition of inflammation) at 5mg/kg. Pretreatment with EAF (500mg/kg, p.o.) significantly reduced the intensity of gastric mucosal damage and showed higher gastroprotective activity (90.6%) when compared to the standard drug famotidine (84.6%). In addition, EAF fraction also showed a moderate (P < 0.05) anti-Helicobacter pylori activity with a minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) of 500μg/ml. Furthermore, pain sensation was effectively inhibited at 500mg/kg, p.o. of EAF as manifested by an increase (p < 0.001) of latency time in hot plate from 30 to 90min and a decrease (p < 0.001) in count of writhing induced by acetic acid. By HPLC, we determined some steroid, terpenoid and flavonoids (four compounds): kaempferol, quercetin, Blumenol A and physalindicanols A, which were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction and identified using 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra analysis. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated the anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer, anti-Helicobacter pylori and analgesic properties of EAF of the crude extract from PAF thus justifying its traditional usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 TongJiaXiang, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Department of Scientific Research, Guizhou Provincial Institute for Food and Drug Control, 142 Shibei Road, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, PR China.
| | - Sui Lou Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 TongJiaXiang, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
| | - Jiong Yi Zhang
- Department of Scientific Research, Guizhou Provincial Institute for Food and Drug Control, 142 Shibei Road, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, PR China
| | - Xiao Ning Song
- Department of Scientific Research, Guizhou Provincial Institute for Food and Drug Control, 142 Shibei Road, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, PR China
| | - Zhi Yong Zhang
- Department of Scientific Research, Guizhou Provincial Institute for Food and Drug Control, 142 Shibei Road, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, PR China
| | - Jing Feng Li
- Department of Scientific Research, Guizhou Provincial Institute for Food and Drug Control, 142 Shibei Road, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, PR China
| | - Song Li
- Department of Scientific Research, Guizhou Provincial Institute for Food and Drug Control, 142 Shibei Road, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, PR China
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Périco LL, Rodrigues VP, de Almeida LFR, Fortuna-Perez AP, Vilegas W, Hiruma-Lima CA. Maytenus ilicifolia Mart. ex Reissek. MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS OF THE WORLD 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-024-1552-0_29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Sá RR, Matos RA, Silva VC, da Cruz Caldas J, da Silva Sauthier MC, dos Santos WNL, Magalhães HIF, de Freitas Santos Júnior A. Determination of bioactive phenolics in herbal medicines containing Cynara scolymus, Maytenus ilicifolia Mart ex Reiss and Ptychopetalum uncinatum by HPLC-DAD. Microchem J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Safety evaluation of supratherapeutic dose of Maytenus ilicifolia Mart. ex Reissek e xtracts on fertility and neurobehavioral status of male and pregnant rats. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 90:160-169. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Dutra RC, Campos MM, Santos AR, Calixto JB. Medicinal plants in Brazil: Pharmacological studies, drug discovery, challenges and perspectives. Pharmacol Res 2016; 112:4-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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16
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de Souza LM, Dartora N, Scoparo CT, Gorin PA, Iacomini M, Sassaki GL. Differentiation of flavonol glucoside and galactoside isomers combining chemical isopropylidenation with liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1447:64-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.03.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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17
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Wasicky A, Hernandes LS, Vetore-Neto A, Moreno PR, Bacchi EM, Kato ETM, Yoshida M. Evaluation of gastroprotective activity of Passiflora alata. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2015.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Cansian RL, Kubiak GB, Borsatti L, Mielniczki-Pereira AA, Roman SS, Paroul N, Schwanz M, Manfredini V, Mossi AJ. Antioxidant and genotoxic properties of Maytenus dasyclada: a comparative study in relation to Maytenus reference species. BRAZ J BIOL 2015; 75:471-6. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.18113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In these work the in vitro antioxidant activity and the in vivo genotoxicity of M. dasyclada was compared to the reference species M. aquifolium and M. ilicifolia. M. dasyclada showed in vitro antioxidant activity comparable to M. aquifolium but lower than M. ilicifolia, being that a inverse Pearson correlation between DPPH IC50 values and total phenolic content was detected (–0.932). The carbonyl content of M. dasyclada and M. aquifolium extracts promoted a similar increase in protein oxidation in vivo, while M. ilicifolia no altered the carbonyl levels. The comet assay demonstrated that the three analyzed species promoted a low and similar level of genotoxicity; which is compatible with DNA damage induced by other medicinal plants and is partially recovered by a co-treatment with vitamin C. The data showed M. dasyclada as antioxidant activity in vitro, and that its genotoxic and pro-oxidant effects in vivo are comparable to the Maytenus reference species.
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Affiliation(s)
- RL. Cansian
- Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, Brazil
| | - GB. Kubiak
- Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, Brazil
| | - L. Borsatti
- Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, Brazil
| | | | - SS. Roman
- Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, Brazil
| | - N. Paroul
- Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, Brazil
| | | | | | - AJ. Mossi
- Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, Brazil
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Scoparo CT, Borato DG, Souza LM, Dartora N, Silva LM, Maria-Ferreira D, Sassaki GL, Gorin PAJ, Baggio CH, Iacomini M. Gastroprotective bio-guiding fractionation of hydro-alcoholic extracts from green- and black-teas (Camellia sinensis). Food Res Int 2014; 64:577-586. [PMID: 30011691 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hydro-alcoholic extracts from leaves of Camellia sinensis (green- and black-tea leaves) were submitted to a fractionation, promoting the compound separation according to their polarity, and analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. A wide range of compounds could be identified, such as catechins and their gallate (esters) or oxidation derivatives (theaflavins), glycosylated flavonoids and other phenolics, as well as lipids, saponins and alkaloids. Also have been developed, via bio-guided examination, the gastroprotective property of the compounds identified. The samples were assayed using the model of acute gastric lesions induced in rats by ethanol. Hydro-alcoholic extracts of green-tea and black-tea protected the gastric mucosa with ED50=3.6 and 10.2mg/kg, respectively, with participation of gastric mucus and reduced glutathione (GSH). The ethyl acetate fraction from green-tea and aqueous fraction from black-tea were, respectively, 6 and 10 times more effectiveness than the initial extracts. Moreover, the epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG, 0.204mg/kg), a main component of ethyl acetate fraction from green tea, reduced the gastric lesion by 56% and restored the mucus levels, however the rutin (0.0133mg/kg), a flavonoid found in the most active fraction of black-tea, was less significant at the natural concentrations. These results have confirmed that the different compounds present in green- and black-tea hydro-alcoholic extracts and partitioned fractions produce relevant gastroprotection mainly via maintenance of the protective factors, mucus and GSH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila T Scoparo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sector of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Débora G Borato
- Department of Pharmacology, Sector of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Lauro M Souza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sector of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Nessana Dartora
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sector of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Luísa M Silva
- Department of Pharmacology, Sector of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Daniele Maria-Ferreira
- Department of Pharmacology, Sector of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Guilherme L Sassaki
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sector of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Philip A J Gorin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sector of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Cristiane H Baggio
- Department of Pharmacology, Sector of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Marcello Iacomini
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sector of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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Gastric antiulcerogenic and hypokinetic activities of Terminalia fagifolia Mart. & Zucc. (Combretaceae). BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:261745. [PMID: 24900960 PMCID: PMC4036414 DOI: 10.1155/2014/261745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The acute toxicity, the antioxidant activity, and the pharmacological activity on the gastrointestinal tract of rodents of the ethanolic extract (TFEE) from the bark of Terminalia fagifolia Mart. & Zucc. (Combretaceae) and of its aqueous (TFAqF), hydroalcoholic (TFHAF), and hexanic (TFHEXF) partition fractions have been evaluated. TFEE presented low acute toxicity, antioxidant, and antiulcerogenic activity against ethanol-induced ulcers, which was partially blocked by pretreatment with L-NAME and indomethacin. It reduced the total acidity and raised the pH of gastric secretion. Additionally, TFEE delayed gastric emptying and slightly inhibited the small intestinal transit and also presented a weakly antidiarrheal activity. The antiulcerogenic and antioxidant activity were also detected in TFAqF and TFHAF but not in TFHEXF. The antisecretory and gastroprotective activity of TFEE partially involve the nitric oxide and prostaglandin participation. Nevertheless, TFEE, TFAqF, and TFHAF drastically reduced the mucus layer adhered to the gastric wall of rats treated with ethanol or indomethacin. Complementary studies are required in order to clarify the paradox of the presence of a gastroprotector activity in this plant that, at the same time, reduces the mucus layer adhered to the gastric wall.
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Cunha-Filho MSSD, Gustmann PC, Garcia FS, Lima EM, Sá-Barreto LCLD. Development and physical evaluation of Maytenus ilicifolia effervescent granules using factorial design. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502014000200002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The medicinal plant Maytenus ilicifolia is a commonly used phytomedicine for the treatment of gastritis. The high dose required and low density of these extracts make necessary a daily intake of several capsules, hindering adherence to the medication. The purpose of this work was to develop a suitable dosage form for the administration of Maytenus ilicifolia using effervescent granules. A 23 factorial design was used to study the physical characteristics of the granules (particle size distribution, repose angle, Carr index, scanning electron microscopy and disintegration time). Moisture stability was also determined. According to the experimental design, granule size is the most important factor in determining the flow characteristics of effervescent granules. In turn, the disintegration time is controlled by the content of sodium bicarbonate present in the effervescent mixture as well as the granule size. The stability of formulations when exposed to moisture is strongly influenced by the percentage of effervescent mixture present in the vegetal granules. Precautions in handling and storage should be taken to ensure the stability of these preparations. The effervescent granules produced from Maytenus ilicifolia met the pharmacopoeial quality parameters, with appropriate mechanical and physical characteristics and proved to be a promising vehicle for plant extracts.
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Leme TDSV, Prando TBL, Gasparotto FM, de Souza P, Crestani S, de Souza LM, Cipriani TR, Lourenço ELB, Gasparotto A. Role of prostaglandin/cAMP pathway in the diuretic and hypotensive effects of purified fraction of Maytenus ilicifolia Mart ex Reissek (Celastraceae). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 150:154-161. [PMID: 23993909 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Although Maytenus ilicifolia is used in Brazilian folk medicine as a diuretic drug, no study has been conducted to this date in order to evaluate this ethnopharmacological statement. So, the aim of this study was to evaluate possible mechanisms involved in acute diuretic activity of the ethanolic supernatant of the infusion (SEI) obtained from Maytenus ilicifolia and to assess its relationship with a hypotensive activity by a bioassay-guided fractionation using normotensive Wistar rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS The preparation obtained from the infusion (SEI) and their respective fractions (Fr·H2O and Fr·EtOAc) were orally administered in a single dose to rats. The urine excretion rate, pH, density, conductivity and content of Na(+), K(+), Cl(-) and HCO3(-) were measured in the urine of saline-loaded animals. Samples of the concentration of electrolytes, urea, creatinine, aldosterone, vasopressin and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity were evaluated in collected serum. The hypotensive activity and the involvement of nitric oxide, bradykinin and prostaglandin/cAMP pathway in the hypotensive and diuretic effects were also determined. RESULTS Water and Na(+) excretion rate were significantly increased by Fr·EtOAc and the arterial pressure was significantly reduced, while the urinary excretion of potassium and chloride were reduced. Pre-treatment with indomethacin or DDA (2',5'-dideoxyadenosine) significantly reduced the hypotensive and diuretic activity observed. All other parameters evaluated were not affected by any treatment. CONCLUSION The present study reveals that Fr·EtOAc obtained from Maytenus ilicifolia may present compounds responsible for diuretic and hypotensive activities, and this effect, could involve the prostaglandin/cAMP pathway.
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Júnior RFDA, Oliveira ALCDSL, Pessoa JB, Garcia VB, Guerra GCB, Soares LAL, de Souza TP, Petrovick PR, de Araújo AA. Maytenus ilicifolia dry extract protects normal cells, induces apoptosis and regulates Bcl-2 in human cancer cells. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2013; 238:1251-8. [DOI: 10.1177/1535370213494563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Maytenus is the largest genus of the family Celastraceae and the species Maytenus ilicifolia (popularly known as ‘Espinheira Santa’). It is widely used in traditional Brazilian medicine to treat stomach conditions including nausea, gastritis, and ulcers. In this study, the apoptotic effects of a spray-dried extract of M. ilicifolia (SDEMI) was evaluated using human hepatocellular cells (HepG2), colorectal carcinoma cells (HT-29), and normal keratinocytes (HaCaT). Cells were treated with SDEMI for 4 and 24 h, then were assayed for levels of apoptosis, caspase-3, and Bcl-2 by flow cytometry, immunostaining, and Western blot, respectively. Significant differences between groups were determined using analysis of variance ( P < 0.05). For HepG2 and HT-29 cells treated with SDEMI, various cytotoxic effects were observed compared with control cells at all timepoints assayed ( P < 0.001). Furthermore, positive caspase-3 staining and down-regulation of Bcl-2 were observed, consistent with the induction of cell death detected in these cell lines. In contrast, treatment of HaCaT cells with SDEMI was associated with a protective effect compared with control cells at both timepoints ( P < 0.001). For example, increased expression of Bcl-2 and negative caspase-3 staining were detected. Taken together, these results suggest that SDEMI protects normal cells, while SDEMI mediates induction of apoptosis via down-regulation of Bcl-2 and involvement of caspase-3 in human carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimundo Fernandes de Araújo Júnior
- Departament of Morphology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Cep: 59078-970, Brazil
- Post graduation program in Functional and Structural Biology/ Post graduation program Health Science/Department of Morphology, UFRN , Natal, Cep: 59078-970, Brazil
| | | | - Jonas Bispo Pessoa
- Departament of Morphology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Cep: 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Vinícios Barreto Garcia
- Departament of Morphology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Cep: 59078-970, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Alberto Lira Soares
- Departament of Pharmaceutical Sciences /Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Cep: 50740-530, Brazil
| | | | - Pedro Ros Petrovick
- Faculty of Pharmacy / Federal University of do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Cep: 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Aurigena Antunes de Araújo
- Programm post-graduation Pharmaceutical Science Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Cep: 59078-970, Brazil
- Departament of Biophysic and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Cep: 59078-970, Brazil
- Post graduation program Public Health UFRN, Natal, Cep: 59078-970, Brazil
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Laloo D, Prasad SK, Krishnamurthy S, Hemalatha S. Gastroprotective activity of ethanolic root extract of Potentilla fulgens Wall. ex Hook. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 146:505-514. [PMID: 23384786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Revised: 12/31/2012] [Accepted: 01/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Potentilla fulgens (Wall.) ex Hook. (Rosaceae) is a potent medicinal plant of the Western Himalayas, known under the name "Himalayan Cinquefoil or Bajradanti", and has been used traditionally to treat ailments including peptic ulcers, mouth ulcers, diarrhea, diabetes and cancer. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to scientifically evaluate the gastric-ulcer protective effect of P. fulgens ethanolic root extract (EPF) on experimental rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS The gastroprotective activity of EPF was evaluated on four gastric-ulcer models such as pyloric ligation (PL), ethanol (EtOH), cold restrain stress (CRS) and aspirin (ASP)-induced gastric ulcers. The gastric acid obtained from 4h PL-induced gastric ulcer rats was determined for total volume content, pH and total acid-pepsin output. Total carbohydrates and protein ratio, expressed as index of mucin activity, and DNA content were estimated in the gastric juice and gastric mucosal tissue. The microvascular permeability, H(+)K(+)-ATPase activity, gastric mucus and histamine content were also determined. The levels of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione) and malondialdehyde in the stomach tissue (mucosal scrapings) were quantified. A histopathological study of the stomach was evaluated using eosin-haematoxylin stain. RESULTS EPF (200-400mg/kg, p.o.) showed significant protection against acute gastric-ulcer induced by EtOH, PL and CRS (400mg/kg, p.o.), but was found to be ineffective against ASP-induced ulcerogens. The effect of EPF on gastric juice studies in 4h PL rats significantly produced an increased level in gastric pH, whereas the effect on gastric volume and acid-pepsin output was observed to decrease significantly. However, EPF was found to have no significant effect on the defensive factors, thus revealing its antisecretory property by inhibiting the aggressive factors. EPF, significantly decreased the histamine level, inhibited the H(+)K(+)-ATPase activity and prevented the microvascular injury caused by ethanol in the rat stomach. Moreover, it was also observed to have antioxidant effects by producing a significant increase in the levels of SOD, CAT, and GSH and decreased the LPO activity. Histopathological studies showed that EPF significantly prevented gastric lesions caused by ethanol. CONCLUSIONS The present study showed that EPF has potent gastroprotective and antisecretory effects, thus justifying the traditional usage of this herb to treat gastric ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damiki Laloo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
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Freitas CS, Baggio CH, Mayer B, dos Santos AC, Twardowschy A, de Moraes Santos CA, Marques MCA. Inhibition of Gastric H +, K +-ATPase Activity by Compounds from Medicinal Plants. Nat Prod Commun 2011. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1100600911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
H+, K+-ATPase enzyme is a therapeutic target for the treatment of gastric disturbances. Several medicinal plants and isolated compounds inhibit the acid gastric secretion through interaction with the proton pump. In order to add new properties to some natural constituents, five compounds, a benzylated derivative of vincoside, a diterpene (abietic acid) and three alkaloids (cephaeline, vinblastine and vindoline), were tested for their activities on gastric H+,K+-ATPase isolated from rabbit stomach. All the compounds inhibited H+, K+-ATPase activity with varied potency. The IC50value for benzylvincoside was 121 (50-293) μM, and for abietic acid 177 (148-211) μM. The alkaloids cephaeline, vinblastine and vindoline inhibited the H+,K+-ATPase activity with IC50values of 194, 761 and 846 μM, respectively. The results suggest that benzylvincoside, abietic acid and cephaeline can be important sources for the development of anti-secretor agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Setim Freitas
- Department of Pharmacology, Sector of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, CP 19031, CEP 81531-990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Hatsuko Baggio
- Department of Pharmacology, Sector of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, CP 19031, CEP 81531-990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Mayer
- Department of Pharmacology, Sector of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, CP 19031, CEP 81531-990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina dos Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Sector of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, CP 19031, CEP 81531-990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - André Twardowschy
- Department of Pharmacology, Sector of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, CP 19031, CEP 81531-990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Cid Aimbiré de Moraes Santos
- Department of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Sector, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Av. Prefeito Lothário Meissner 632, CEP 80210-170, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Maria Consuelo Andrade Marques
- Department of Pharmacology, Sector of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, CP 19031, CEP 81531-990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Figueredo SM, do Nascimento FP, Freitas CS, Baggio CH, Soldi C, Pizzolatti MG, de Ibarrola MDCC, de Arrua RLD, Santos ARS. Antinociceptive and gastroprotective actions of ethanolic extract from Pluchea sagittalis (Lam.) Cabrera. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 135:603-609. [PMID: 21392568 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2010] [Revised: 02/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Pluchea sagittalis, an herbaceous plant widely distributed in South America, is used in folk medicine for the treatment of digestive diseases and inflammation. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was designed to investigate the antinociceptive and gastroprotective effects of the ethanolic extract (EE) of aerial parts from Pluchea sagittalis in rodents. MATERIALS AND METHODS The antinociceptive effects of EE was evaluated in mice after oral administration in chemical tests (acetic-acid, glutamate and formalin) or by biting behavior following intrathecal administration of cytokines such as interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in mice. Furthermore, rats were treated with EE and subsequently exposed to acute gastric lesions induced by 80% ethanol. Afterwards the gastric lesion extension and the mucus levels of gastric mucosa were measured. RESULTS The oral administration of EE showed a dose-dependent inhibition of acetic acid-induced abdominal constrictions and glutamate-induced pain in mice, with ID(50) values of 624.0 (523.0-746.0) mg/kg and 368.0 (216.0-628.0) mg/kg, respectively. In the formalin test, the EE also produced significant inhibition of the inflammatory phase, with an ID(50) value of 411.0 (183.0-721.0) mg/kg; however, it was ineffective in the neurogenic phase caused by formalin. In addition, oral treatment with EE caused a significant inhibition of biting behavior induced by i.t. injection of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). The antinociception caused by the EE (300 mg/kg, p.o.) was not reversed by naloxone (1 mg/kg, i.p.) when assessed in the acetic acid writhing test. The EE (300-1000 mg/kg, p.o.) did not affect the motor coordination of animals in an open-field model. Oral treatment with the EE protected rats against gastric lesions induced by ethanol, with an ID(50) value of 55.0 (46.6-64.9) mg/kg, and increased the mucus levels of gastric mucosa to levels found in the non-lesioned group. CONCLUSIONS The mechanism by which the extract produced antinociception still remains unclear, but this effect seems to be primarily related to the modulation or inhibition of the action of pro-inflammatory mediators. Furthermore, these data support, at least in part, the ethnomedical use of Pluchea sagittalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Maria Figueredo
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Pain and Inflammation, Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil
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Abstract
Spices and herbal remedies have been used since ancient times to treat a variety of disorders. It has been experimentally demonstrated that spices, herbs, and their extracts possess antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antirheumatic, lipid-lowering, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, antimutagenic and anticancer activities, besides their gastroprotective and anti-ulcer activities. Despite a number of reports on the toxicity of herbs and spices, they are generally accepted as safer alternatives to conventional therapy against gastric ulcers. To this end, it is also believed, that excessive consumption of spices may favor the pathogenesis of gastric and duodenal ulcer and some studies have substantiated this common perception. Based on various in vivo experiments and clinical studies, on the effects of spices and herbs on gastric ulcers, it has indeed been shown that certain spices do possess remarkable anti-ulcer properties mediated by antisecretory, cytoprotective, antioxidant, and anti-Helicobacter pylori effects and mechanisms regulated by nitric oxide, prostaglandins, non-protein sulfhydryl molecules and epidermal growth factor expression. Accordingly, their consumption may attenuate and help prevent peptic ulcer disease. In the present review, the beneficial effects of spices and herbal nutritive components on the gastric mucosa are discussed against the paradigm of their deleterious potential.
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Crestani S, Rattmann YD, Cipriani TR, de Souza LM, Iacomini M, Kassuya CA, Marques MC, da Silva-Santos JE. A potent and nitric oxide-dependent hypotensive effect induced in rats by semi-purified fractions from Maytenus ilicifolia. Vascul Pharmacol 2009; 51:57-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2009.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2008] [Revised: 02/19/2009] [Accepted: 02/24/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Baggio CH, Freitas CS, Mayer B, Dos Santos AC, Twardowschy A, Potrich FB, Cipriani TR, de Souza LM, Sassaki GL, Iacomini M, Marques MCA, Mesia-Vela S. Muscarinic-dependent inhibition of gastric emptying and intestinal motility by fractions of Maytenus ilicifolia Mart ex. Reissek. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2009; 123:385-391. [PMID: 19501270 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2008] [Revised: 03/15/2009] [Accepted: 03/21/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Maytenus ilicifolia Mart. ex. Reissek (Celastraceae) is widely used in Brazilian folk medicine to treat gastric disturbances. AIM OF THE STUDY This work intended to characterize the effects of Maytenus ilicifolia on gastrointestinal motility. MATERIALS AND METHODS Gastric emptying and intestinal transit were measured in the same animal. Mice received a semisolid marked with phenol red, half an hour after treatment with extracts. The amount of marker in the stomach and the distance reached in the intestine after 15 min were measured as index of gastrointestinal emptying and intestinal transit, respectively. RESULTS Intraperitoneal administration of a flavonoid-rich extract potently reduced the gastric emptying (ED(50)=89 mg/kg) and the intestinal transit (ED(50)=31 mg/kg) of mice. Bio-guided purification of the flavonoid-rich extract by chemical partition with solvents of decreasing polarity yielded fraction insF with about 12-14 times higher activity than the initial flavonoid extract in both the gastric emptying and the intestinal transit. The inhibitory effects of the insF (9.7 mg/kg, i.p.) on gastric emptying and intestinal transit were reversed by co-administration of bethanechol (10 mg/kg, s.c.) but not by co-administration of metoclopramide (30 mg/kg, p.o.) indicating muscarinic but not dopaminergic interaction of the compounds of Maytenus. Chemical investigation of the insF fraction by HPLC-MS allowed the identification of 4 free flavonoids (catechin, epicatechin, quercetin and kaempferol), 29 flavonol glycosides and 8 tannins. The flavonol glycosides ranged from 1 to 4 monosaccharide units, having mainly quercetin and kaempferol as aglycone moieties, and the tannins were composed by catechin/epicatechin and/or afzelechin/epiafzelechin. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the results indicate that the components of Maytenus ilicifolia have a potential use in the treatment of gastrointestinal motility disturbances such as diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Hatsuko Baggio
- Department of Pharmacology, Sector of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Mayer B, Baggio CH, Freitas CS, dos Santos AC, Twardowschy A, Horst H, Pizzolatti MG, Micke GA, Heller M, dos Santos EP, Otuki MF, Marques MCA. Gastroprotective constituents of Salvia officinalis L. Fitoterapia 2009; 80:421-6. [PMID: 19481590 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2009.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2009] [Revised: 05/20/2009] [Accepted: 05/25/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal activity of hydroalcoholic extract (HE) of Salvia officinalis was evaluated in a model of ethanol-induced gastric lesion. HE showed excellent activity, with ID(50) 84.0 (54.8-128.9) mg/kg. The acetic acid-induced ulcer and the total acidity of the gastric secretion were also reduced by HE, and, in vitro experiments, the H(+),K(+)-ATPase activity was inhibited. Carnosol was identified as a possible active constituent for the gastroprotective effect of HE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Mayer
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Heart-cutting two-dimensional (size exclusion×reversed phase) liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of flavonol glycosides from leaves of Maytenus ilicifolia. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:99-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2008] [Revised: 11/07/2008] [Accepted: 11/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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de Souza LM, Cipriani TR, Serrato RV, da Costa DE, Iacomini M, Gorin PA, Sassaki GL. Analysis of flavonol glycoside isomers from leaves of Maytenus ilicifolia by offline and online high performance liquid chromatography–electrospray mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1207:101-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2008] [Revised: 07/30/2008] [Accepted: 08/11/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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de Souza LM, Cipriani TR, Iacomini M, Gorin PA, Sassaki GL. HPLC/ESI-MS and NMR analysis of flavonoids and tannins in bioactive extract from leaves of Maytenus ilicifolia. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2008; 47:59-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2007.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2007] [Revised: 11/28/2007] [Accepted: 12/06/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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