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Guo C, Zhao W, Wang W, Yao Z, Chen W, Feng X. Study on the Antitumor Mechanism of Tanshinone IIA In Vivo and In Vitro through the Regulation of PERK-ATF4-HSPA5 Pathway-Mediated Ferroptosis. Molecules 2024; 29:1557. [PMID: 38611836 PMCID: PMC11013603 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
As a traditional Chinese medicine, Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge was first recorded in the Shennong Materia Medica Classic and is widely used to treat "the accumulation of symptoms and masses". The main active ingredient of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, Tanshinone IIA (TIIA), has shown anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antifibrosis, antibacterial, and antioxidative activities, etc. In this study, the results showed that TIIA could inhibit the proliferation and migration of HepG2 cells and downregulate glutathione (GSH) and Glutathione Peroxidase 4 (GPX4) levels; besides, TIIA induced the production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), and upregulated the total iron content. Based on network pharmacology analysis, the antitumor effect of TIIA was found to be focused on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mediated ferroptosis signaling pathway, with protein kinase R (PKR)-like ER kinase (PERK)-activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4)-heat shock 70 kDa protein 5 (HSPA5) as the main pathway. Herein, TIIA showed typical ferroptosis characteristics, and a ferroptosis inhibitor (ferrostatin-1) was used to verify the effect. The antitumor effects of TIIA, occurring through the inhibition of the PERK-ATF4-HSPA5 pathway, were further observed in vivo as significantly inhibited tumor growth and the improved pathological morphology of tumor tissue in H22-bearing mice. In summary, the antitumor mechanism of TIIA might be related to the downregulation of the activation of PERK-ATF4-HSPA5 pathway-mediated ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiang Guo
- School of Basic Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China; (C.G.); (W.Z.); (W.W.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Wei Zhao
- School of Basic Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China; (C.G.); (W.Z.); (W.W.); (Z.Y.)
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Sinomedicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China; (C.G.); (W.Z.); (W.W.); (Z.Y.)
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Sinomedicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zheng Yao
- School of Basic Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China; (C.G.); (W.Z.); (W.W.); (Z.Y.)
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Sinomedicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Wenhui Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China; (C.G.); (W.Z.); (W.W.); (Z.Y.)
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Sinomedicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xiaoyi Feng
- School of Basic Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China; (C.G.); (W.Z.); (W.W.); (Z.Y.)
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Sinomedicine, Kunming 650500, China
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Chen Y, Liu J, Zhang J, Yang L, Jin L. Research progress in the quality evaluation of Salvia miltiorrhiza based on the association of 'morphological features - functional substances - pharmacological action - clinical efficacy'. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20325. [PMID: 37780757 PMCID: PMC10539976 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Salvia miltiorrhiza (Salvia miltiorrhiza Radix et Rhizoma) is the dried root and rhizome of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge., a plant of the labiate family. It is a type of traditional Chinese medicine that can promote blood circulation for removing blood stasis. It is often used to treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in a clinic.Aim of the study: High-quality Chinese herbal medicines are the premise of the safe and effective use of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in clinics. We aim to prove the rationality of the traditional identification method, namely, 'the redder the root colour and the thicker the root, the better is the quality', to use the morphological features of Salvia miltiorrhiza as the main index to quickly and directly evaluate its quality. Materials and methods By referring to relevant ancient books, domestic and foreign literature, and academic papers, we summarised the research progress regarding the morphological features, functional substances, pharmacological action, and clinical efficacy of Salvia miltiorrhiza. Results The redder the colour, the thicker the root, and the denser the texture, the better is the quality of Salvia miltiorrhiza. In Salvia miltiorrhiza, tanshinone ⅡA and salvianolic acid B are the main functional substances that protect the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular functions. The higher the content of these two functional substances, the better is the clinical efficacy of Salvia miltiorrhiza. Conclusion The research idea of the correlation between the 'morphological features, functional substances, pharmacological action, and clinical efficacy' can be applied to evaluate the quality of Salvia miltiorrhiza. This research idea and method can also be applied to more Chinese herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Chen
- Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Juanjuan Liu
- Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Jialing Zhang
- Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Liping Yang
- Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Ling Jin
- Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
- Northwest Collaborative Innovation Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Co-constructed By Gansu Province & MOE of PR China, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
- Engineering Research Center for Evaluation, Protection, And Utilization of Rare Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
- Gansu Provincial Innovation Research Institute of Chinese Medicinal Materials Industry, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
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Tang Q, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Wang K, Liu L, Pan D, Liu Q, Jiang C. ROS-Responsive Prodrug Micelle Co-Delivery System for Synergistic Antiatherosclerotic Therapy. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:4478-4490. [PMID: 37524050 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Tanshinone IIA (TS-IIA) and salvianic acid A (SAA) are the main pharmacological active constituents of Danshen, which exhibit potent effects on atherosclerosis. A combination of TS-IIA and SAA might exert a synergistic antiatherosclerotic effect. However, the opposite solubility profiles of TS-IIA and SAA might lead to difficulty in achieving a synergistic combined effect of the two active components. Therefore, in this work, we fabricated a ROS-responsive prodrug micelle for the codelivery of TS-IIA and SAA (TS-IIA-PM) by self-assembling amphiphilic block copolymer PEG5000-SAA/PLA10000-APBA. The amphiphilic polymer was characterized by 1H NMR, FTIR, and alizarin red S competition tests. The ROS responsiveness of TS-IIA-PM was evidenced by time-course monitoring of particle size and morphology changes and drug release behavior in the presence of 1 mM H2O2. We found TS-IIA-PM was stable according to its critical micelle concentration and the unchanged particle sizes in 10% FBS for 7 days. The results of in vitro and in vivo tests revealed that TS-IIA-PM was safe and biocompatible. Furthermore, it was observed that TS-IIA and prodrug micelle could produce synergistic antiatherosclerotic effect based on the results of the antioxidant study, which was further confirmed by a series of pharmocodynamics studies, such as in vitro DiI-oxLDL uptake study, oil red O staining, cholesterol efflux study, inflammatory cytokine analysis, in vivo CD68 immunostaining, and lipid disposition staining studies. Collectively, TS-IIA-PM holds great potential for the safe and efficient codelivery of TS-IIA and SAA for synergistic antiatherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfa Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P.R. China
| | - Yao Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P.R. China
| | - Yusheng Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P.R. China
| | - Kewei Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P.R. China
| | - Li Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P.R. China
| | - Dongmei Pan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P.R. China
| | - Cuiping Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P.R. China
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Gull N, Arshad F, Naikoo GA, Hassan IU, Pedram MZ, Ahmad A, Aljabali AAA, Mishra V, Satija S, Charbe N, Negi P, Goyal R, Serrano-Aroca Á, Al Zoubi MS, El-Tanani M, Tambuwala MM. Recent Advances in Anticancer Activity of Novel Plant Extracts and Compounds from Curcuma longa in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Gastrointest Cancer 2023; 54:368-390. [PMID: 35285010 PMCID: PMC8918363 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-022-00809-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Among all forms of cancers, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer worldwide. There are several treatment options for HCC ranging from loco-regional therapy to surgical treatment. Yet, there is high morbidity and mortality. Recent research focus has shifted towards more effective and less toxic cancer treatment options. Curcumin, the active ingredient in the Curcuma longa plant, has gained widespread attention in recent years because of its multifunctional properties as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer agent. METHODS A systematic search of PubMed, Embase and Google Scholar was performed for studies reporting incidence of HCC, risk factors associated with cirrhosis and experimental use of curcumin as an anti-cancer agent. RESULTS This review exclusively encompasses the anti-cancer properties of curcumin in HCC globally and it's postulated molecular targets of curcumin when used against liver cancers. CONCLUSIONS This review is concluded by presenting the current challenges and future perspectives of novel plant extracts derived from C. longa and the treatment options against cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nighat Gull
- School of Sciences, Maulana Azad National Urdu University, 32, Hyderabad, TS, India
| | - Fareeha Arshad
- Department of Biochemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, U.P., India
| | - Gowhar A Naikoo
- Department of Mathematics and Sciences, College of Arts and Applied Sciences, Dhofar University, Salalah, Sultanate of Oman.
| | - Israr Ul Hassan
- College of Engineering, Dhofar University, Salalah, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Mona Zamani Pedram
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering-Energy Division, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, P.O. Box: 19395-1999, No. 15-19, Pardis St., Mollasadra Ave., Vanak Sq., Tehran, 1999 143344, Iran
| | - Arif Ahmad
- School of Sciences, Maulana Azad National Urdu University, 32, Hyderabad, TS, India
| | - Alaa A A Aljabali
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, Yarmouk University, Irbid, 21163, Jordan
| | - Vijay Mishra
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Saurabh Satija
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Nitin Charbe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, Kingsville, TX, 78363, USA
| | - Poonam Negi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology & Management Sciences, Solan, 173229, India
| | - Rohit Goyal
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology & Management Sciences, Solan, 173229, India
| | - Ángel Serrano-Aroca
- Biomaterials & Bioengineering Lab, Centro de Investigación Traslacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Católica de Valencia, San Vicente Mártir, 46001, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mazhar S Al Zoubi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mohamed El-Tanani
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Murtaza M Tambuwala
- School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Northern Ireland, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, County Londonderry, UK.
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Neuroprotective Effects of Geopung-Chunghyuldan Based on Its Salvianolic Acid B Content Using an In Vivo Stroke Model. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:1613-1626. [PMID: 36826049 PMCID: PMC9955915 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45020104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Geopung-Chunghyuldan (GCD) has neuroprotective properties. Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix plays an essential role in GCD's effect. The Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix marker compound is salvianolic acid B; however, its content is not uniform among samples. This study aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of GCD based on salvianolic acid B content. METHODS The neuroprotective effects of GCD based on the salvianolic acid B content were evaluated by measuring infarct volume 24 h after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion in an in vivo stroke model. For the experimental group, each GCD was administered immediately before surgery. The control groups were administered distilled water and aspirin (30 mg/kg) in the same way. The salvianolic acid B content in five types of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix (two Chinese and three Korean regions) based on different cultivation regions was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS Three samples met the Korean and Chinese Pharmacopeia standards for salvianolic acid B. However, two samples did not. GCDs with high salvianolic acid B showed marked neuroprotective effects compared to the control groups, whereas GCDs with low salvianolic acid B did not. CONCLUSIONS The salvianolic acid B content of Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix affects the neuroprotection effect of GCD. Stable, raw Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix is essential for GCD homogenization.
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Wu Q, Lv Q, Liu X, Ye X, Cao L, Wang M, Li J, Yang Y, Li L, Wang S. Natural compounds from botanical drugs targeting mTOR signaling pathway as promising therapeutics for atherosclerosis: A review. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1083875. [PMID: 36744254 PMCID: PMC9894899 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1083875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease that is a major cause of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including coronary artery disease, hypertension, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. Hence, the mechanisms of AS are still being explored. A growing compendium of evidence supports that the activity of the mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is highly correlated with the risk of AS. The mTOR signaling pathway contributes to AS progression by regulating autophagy, cell senescence, immune response, and lipid metabolism. Various botanical drugs and their functional compounds have been found to exert anti- AS effects by modulating the activity of the mTOR signaling pathway. In this review, we summarize the pathogenesis of AS based on the mTOR signaling pathway from the aspects of immune response, autophagy, cell senescence, and lipid metabolism, and comb the recent advances in natural compounds from botanical drugs to inhibit the mTOR signaling pathway and delay AS development. This review will provide a new perspective on the mechanisms and precision treatments of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wu
- Guang’anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qianyu Lv
- Guang’anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao’an Liu
- Capital University of Medical, Beijing, China
| | - Xuejiao Ye
- Guang’anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Linlin Cao
- Guang’anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Manshi Wang
- Beijing Xicheng District Guangwai Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junjia Li
- Guang’anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingtian Yang
- Guang’anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lanlan Li
- Guang’anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shihan Wang
- Guang’anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Shihan Wang,
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Rodrigues KE, Azevedo A, Gonçalves PR, Pontes MHB, Alves GM, Oliveira RR, Amarante CB, Issa JPM, Gerlach RF, Prado AF. Doxycycline Decreases Atherosclerotic Lesions in the Aorta of ApoE-⁄- and Ovariectomized Mice with Correlation to Reduced MMP-2 Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052532. [PMID: 35269673 PMCID: PMC8910467 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherogenic events promote changes in vessel walls, with alteration of the redox state, and increased activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Thus, this study aims to evaluate aortic remodeling, MMP activity, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels after treatment with doxycycline in ApoE-⁄- and ovariectomized mice (OVX). Female ApoE-⁄--knockout mice (5 weeks) were submitted to ovariectomy surgery to induce experimental menopause. They then received chow enriched with 1% cholesterol to induce hypercholesterolemia. The animals were divided into two experimental groups: ApoE-⁄-/OVX vehicle and ApoE-⁄-/OVX doxycycline (30 mg/kg) administered by gavage once a day for 28 days (15th to the 18th week of life). Blood samples were collected to measure total cholesterol and fractions. The aorta was used for morphometry and to measure the activity and expression of MMP-2 and ROS levels. The ApoE-⁄-/OVX doxycycline group showed no change in total and fraction cholesterol levels. However, there was a reduction in ROS levels, MMP-2 expression, and activity that correlated with a decrease in atherosclerotic lesions relative to the ApoE-⁄-/OVX vehicle (p > 0.05). Therefore, we conclude that doxycycline in ApoE-⁄-/OVX animals promotes a reduction in atherosclerotic lesions by reducing ROS and MMP-2 activity and expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keuri E. Rodrigues
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Cardiovascular System Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (K.E.R.); (P.R.G.); (M.H.B.P.); (G.M.A.); (R.R.O.)
| | - Aline Azevedo
- Department of Biomechanics, Medicine and Locomotor Apparatus Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil;
| | - Pricila R. Gonçalves
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Cardiovascular System Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (K.E.R.); (P.R.G.); (M.H.B.P.); (G.M.A.); (R.R.O.)
| | - Maria H. B. Pontes
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Cardiovascular System Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (K.E.R.); (P.R.G.); (M.H.B.P.); (G.M.A.); (R.R.O.)
| | - Gustavo M. Alves
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Cardiovascular System Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (K.E.R.); (P.R.G.); (M.H.B.P.); (G.M.A.); (R.R.O.)
| | - Ruan R. Oliveira
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Cardiovascular System Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (K.E.R.); (P.R.G.); (M.H.B.P.); (G.M.A.); (R.R.O.)
| | - Cristine B. Amarante
- Coordination of Earth Sciences and Ecology, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belem 66077-830, PA, Brazil;
| | - João P. M. Issa
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo (FORP/USP), Ribeirao Preto 14040-904, SP, Brazil; (J.P.M.I.); (R.F.G.)
| | - Raquel F. Gerlach
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo (FORP/USP), Ribeirao Preto 14040-904, SP, Brazil; (J.P.M.I.); (R.F.G.)
| | - Alejandro F. Prado
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Cardiovascular System Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (K.E.R.); (P.R.G.); (M.H.B.P.); (G.M.A.); (R.R.O.)
- Correspondence:
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Chen T, Zhu Z, Du Q, Wang Z, Wu W, Xue Y, Wang Y, Wu Y, Zeng Q, Jiang C, Shen C, Liu L, Zhu H, Liu Q. A Skin Lipidomics Study Reveals the Therapeutic Effects of Tanshinones in a Rat Model of Acne. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:675659. [PMID: 34177586 PMCID: PMC8223585 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.675659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tanshinone (TAN), a class of bioactive components in traditional Chinese medicinal plant Salvia miltiorrhiza, has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects, can enhance blood circulation, remove blood stasis, and promote wound healing. For these reasons it has been developed as a drug to treat acne. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effects of TAN in rats with oleic acid-induced acne and to explore its possible mechanisms of action through the identification of potential lipid biomarkers. In this study, a rat model of acne was established by applying 0.5 ml of 80% oleic acid to rats' back skin. The potential metabolites and targets involved in the anti-acne effects of TAN were predicted using lipidomics. The results indicate that TAN has therapeutic efficacy for acne, as supported by the results of the histological analyses and biochemical index assays for interleukin (IL)-8, IL-6, IL-β and tumor necrosis factor alpha. The orthogonal projection of latent structure discriminant analysis score was used to analyze the lipidomic profiles between control and acne rats. Ninety-six potential biomarkers were identified in the skin samples of the acne rats. These biomarkers were mainly related to glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid metabolism, and the regulation of their dysfunction is thought to be a possible therapeutic mechanism of action of TAN on acne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoming Zhu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qunqun Du
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuxian Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenfeng Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaqi Xue
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yufan Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Quanfu Zeng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cuiping Jiang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunyan Shen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongxia Zhu
- Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Li X, Li W, Yang P, Zhou H, Zhang W, Ma L. Anticancer effects of Cryptotanshinone against lung cancer cells through ferroptosis. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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10
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Song L, Zhang J, Lai R, Li Q, Ju J, Xu H. Chinese Herbal Medicines and Active Metabolites: Potential Antioxidant Treatments for Atherosclerosis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:675999. [PMID: 34054550 PMCID: PMC8155674 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.675999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a complex chronic disease that occurs in the arterial wall. Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the occurrence and progression of atherosclerotic plaques. The dominance of oxidative stress over antioxidative capacity generates excess reactive oxygen species, leading to dysfunctions of the endothelium and accelerating atherosclerotic plaque progression. Studies showed that Chinese herbal medicines and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) might regulate oxidative stress; they have already been used to treat diseases related to atherosclerosis, including stroke and myocardial infarction. This review will summarize the mechanisms of oxidative stress in atherosclerosis and discuss studies of Chinese herbal medicines and TCM preparations treating atherosclerosis, aiming to increase understanding of TCM and stimulate research for new drugs to treat diseases associated with oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luxia Song
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Runmin Lai
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuyi Li
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianqing Ju
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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A pilot study on investigating the role of Salvia miltiorrhiza in fetal growth restriction. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:224149. [PMID: 32406912 PMCID: PMC7269916 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20201222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To date there is no effective treatment for pregnancies complicated by fetal growth restriction (FGR). Salvia miltiorrhiza, a traditional Chinese herb has been shown to promote blood flow and improve microcirculatory disturbance. In this pilot study, we evaluated whether S. miltiorrhiza can potentially become a possible therapy for FGR. Nineteen pregnant women with FGR were treated with S. miltiorrhiza and ATP supplementation for an average of 7 days, and 17 cases received ATP supplementation as controls. The estimated fetal weights (EFWs) were measured by ultrasound after treatment, and the birthweights were recorded after birth. After treatment with S. miltiorrhiza, 7 (37%) FGR cases showed an increase in EFW to above the 10th percentile, compared with 4 (23%) FGR cases in controls (odds ratio: 1.896, 95% confidence limits (CLs): 0.44-8.144). At delivery, 10 (53%) FGR cases in the treatment group delivered babies with a birthweight above the 10th percentile, compared with 6 (35%) FGR cases in the control group (odds ratio: 2.037, 95% CL: 0.532-7.793); 80 or 64% FGR cases in the treatment group showed an increase in fetal abdominal circumference (AC) or biparietal diameter (BPD) above the 10th percentile before delivery. While 44 or 30% FGR cases in the control group showed an increase in AC or BPD. No improvement of head circumference (HC) or femur length (FL) was seen. These pilot data suggest the need for multicenter randomized clinical trials on the potential of S. miltiorrhiza to improve perinatal outcome in pregnant women complicated by FGR.
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Ansari MA, Khan FB, Safdari HA, Almatroudi A, Alzohairy MA, Safdari M, Amirizadeh M, Rehman S, Equbal MJ, Hoque M. Prospective therapeutic potential of Tanshinone IIA: An updated overview. Pharmacol Res 2020; 164:105364. [PMID: 33285229 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In the past decades, the branch of complementary and alternative medicine based therapeutics has gained considerable attention worldwide. Pharmacological efficacy of various traditional medicinal plants, their products and/or product derivatives have been explored on an increasing scale. Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) is a pharmacologically active lipophilic component of Salvia miltiorrhiza extract. Tan IIA shares a history of high repute in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Reckoning with these, the present review collates the pharmacological properties of Tan IIA with a special emphasis on its therapeutic potential against diverse diseases including cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, obesity and neurogenerative diseases. Further, possible applications of various therapeutic preparations of Tan IIA were discussed with special emphasis on nano-based drug delivery formulations. Considering the tremendous advancement in the field of nanomedicine and the therapeutic potential of Tan IIA, the convergence of these two aspects can be foreseen with great promise in clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Azam Ansari
- Department of Epidemic Disease Research, Institutes for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1881, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farheen Badrealam Khan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Haaris Ahsan Safdari
- New Technology Center, University of Warsaw, Stefana Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Qassim 51431, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A Alzohairy
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Qassim 51431, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammadreza Safdari
- Imam Ali Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Mehran Amirizadeh
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Lorestan, Iran
| | - Suriya Rehman
- Department of Epidemic Disease Research, Institutes for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1881, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Javed Equbal
- Biomedical Institute for Regenerative Research, Texas A&M University Commerce, Commerce, TX 75429, United States.
| | - Mehboob Hoque
- Department of Biological Sciences, Aliah University, Kolkata 700 160, India.
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13
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Li XX, Zheng X, Liu Z, Xu Q, Tang H, Feng J, Yang S, Vong CT, Gao H, Wang Y. Cryptotanshinone from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen) inhibited inflammatory responses via TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway. Chin Med 2020; 15:20. [PMID: 32158495 PMCID: PMC7053069 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-020-00303-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cryptotanshinone (CPT), as a major component of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen), displays many pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory effects. However, the exact cellular and molecular mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory activities of CPT remain to be elucidated. The present study was aimed to clarify its mechanisms on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in mouse macrophages, RAW264.7 cells. Methods In the current study, the anti-inflammatory properties of CPT were evaluated using LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cell model. MTT assay was used to determine the viability of RAW264.7 cells. The anti-inflammatory effects of CPT were measured based on the detection of nitric oxide (NO) production (Griess and flow cytometry assay), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) release (ELISA). Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) enzyme expressions were also determined by western blotting. Besides, by using flow cytometry, we also evaluated the effect of CPT on LPS-induced calcium influx. Finally, the underlying anti-inflammatory mechanisms of CPT were investigated using western blotting to assess the protein levels of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT, nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathways. Results Our data showed that CPT inhibited LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine release like IL-6, and TNF-α, as well as NO production. It displayed a significant inhibitory effect on the protein expressions such as iNOS, COX-2, NF-κB pathway like inhibitor of kappa B kinase (IKK)α/β, inhibitor of kappa B (IκB)-α and NF-κB/p65, PI3K/AKT pathway like PI3K and AKT, and MAPK pathway like c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)1/2, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, and p38, in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Moreover, the immunofluorescence results indicated that CPT suppressed NF-κB/p65 translocation from the cytoplasm into the nucleus. Further investigations showed that CPT treatment increased NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expressions together with its upstream mediator, Nrf2. In addition, CPT inhibited LPS-induced toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and MyD88 expressions in RAW264.7 macrophages. Conclusions Collectively, we suggested that CPT exerted significant anti-inflammatory effects via modulating TLR4-MyD88/PI3K/Nrf2 and TLR4-MyD88/NF-κB/MAPK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Xing Li
- 1College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000 China.,Guangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Advantage Chinese Patent Drug and Ethnic Drug Development, Nanning, 530020 China
| | - Xiaoting Zheng
- 3State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Room 1050, N22 Research Building, Macao, China
| | - Zhenjie Liu
- 1College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000 China.,Guangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Advantage Chinese Patent Drug and Ethnic Drug Development, Nanning, 530020 China
| | - Qiongming Xu
- 1College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000 China.,4College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123 China
| | - Hongzhen Tang
- 1College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000 China.,Guangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Advantage Chinese Patent Drug and Ethnic Drug Development, Nanning, 530020 China
| | - Jianfang Feng
- 1College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000 China.,Guangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Advantage Chinese Patent Drug and Ethnic Drug Development, Nanning, 530020 China
| | - Shilin Yang
- 1College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000 China.,Guangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Advantage Chinese Patent Drug and Ethnic Drug Development, Nanning, 530020 China
| | - Chi Teng Vong
- 3State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Room 1050, N22 Research Building, Macao, China
| | - Hongwei Gao
- 1College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000 China.,Guangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Advantage Chinese Patent Drug and Ethnic Drug Development, Nanning, 530020 China
| | - Yitao Wang
- 3State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Room 1050, N22 Research Building, Macao, China
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HUANG T, YANG X, JI J, WANG Q, WANG H, DONG Z. Inhibitory effects of tanshinone IIA from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge on human bladder cancer BIU-87 cells and xenograft in nude mice. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.38818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao HUANG
- Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, China
| | - Xiaokun YANG
- Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, China
| | - Jianlei JI
- Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, China
| | - Qinghai WANG
- Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, China
| | | | - Zhen DONG
- Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, China
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15
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Wang X, Yang Y, Liu X, Gao X. Pharmacological properties of tanshinones, the natural products from Salvia miltiorrhiza. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2020; 87:43-70. [PMID: 32089238 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Danshen (Cai, et al. 2016) is the dry root and rhizome of the herbaceous plant Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. of family labiatae, a perennial plant that is native to China and Japan. The primary modern clinical applications of Danshen are for heart disease, chronic hepatitis, early cirrhosis, cerebral ischemia and pulmonary heart disease. Emerging evidence from cellular, animal, and clinical studies has begun to illuminate the pharmacological attributes of the primary lipophilic tanshinones from Danshen, which include tanshinone I, tanshinone II, cryptotanshinone and dihydrotanshinone, etc. Tanshinones offer the properties of anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, antitumor, phytoestrogenic activity, vasodilation, neuroprotection, regulate metabolic function and other pharmacological advances. This chapter will review the discovery of the pharmacodynamic mechanism and pharmacokinetic studies of tanshinones and Danshen for further clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Wang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiumei Gao
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
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Wang N, Zhang X, Ma Z, Niu J, Ma S, Wenjie W, Chen J. Combination of tanshinone IIA and astragaloside IV attenuate atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability in ApoE(-/-) mice by activating PI3K/AKT signaling and suppressing TRL4/NF-κB signaling. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 123:109729. [PMID: 31887543 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tanshinone IIA (TS IIA) and Astragaloside IV (AS IV) are natural herbal products which exert anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects in order to eliminate unstable plaque in atherosclerosis. However, the combined effect of these two drugs on atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability and its molecular mechanism remains unclear. In the current study, we evaluate the effects of TS IIA and AS IV on atherosclerotic unstable plaque stability, and then further explore the mechanism of TS IIA and AS IV intervention on unstable plaque in vivo and in vitro. Histological characterization of atherosclerotic plaques was measured by Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE), Masson's Trichrome and Oil Red O staining. Cellular lipid droplet was measured by Oil Red O staining. The size of atherosclerotic lesion areas and content of lipids and collagen in the right common carotid arteries of apoE-/- mice were examined by Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE), Oil-red O, and Masson staining, respectively. The protein expression levels of interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and C-reactive protein (CRP) in ApoE-/- mice and RAW264.7 cells were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The protein expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in ApoE-/- mice and RAW264.7 cells were determined by western blotting. In addition, the PI3K/AKT and TRL4/NF-κB signaling were determined by western blotting. Our results revealed that the combination of TS IIA and AS IV significantly decreased lipid areas, increased collagen content and thickened fibrous cap in the right common carotid arteries compared with ApoE (-/-) mice model group. TS IIA and AS IV visibly reduced the cytoplasmic lipid droplet accumulation induced by oxLDL in RAW 264.7 macrophages. The ApoE-/- mice model group and oxLDL -stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages treated with TS IIA and AS IV showed a downregulation in IL-6, MMP-9, TNF-α and CRP protein expression and upregulation in eNOS protein expression. Furthermore, TSIIA and AS IV may activate PI3K/AKT signaling and suppress TLR4/NF-κB signaling in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, blocking the PI3K/Akt signaling enhanced the translocation of NF-κB to the nucleus, TLR4, IL-6, MMP-9, TNF-α and CRP expression and inhibited eNOS expression in TS IIA and AS IV-treated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Therefore, the present study implicates that TS IIA and AS IV reinforces plaque stability via PI3K/AKT and TLR4/NF-κB signaling. TS IIA and AS IV administration may provide the basis for a potential therapeutic approach for the inhibition of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanding Wang
- Xi'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 710021, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 710021, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhen Ma
- Xi'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 710021, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jinghu Niu
- Xi'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 710021, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Shihang Ma
- Xi'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 710021, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Wang Wenjie
- Shaanxi university of Chinese medicine, Xi'an, 712046, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 710021, Shaanxi Province, China.
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Tanshinone ⅡA inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells via miR-145/CD40 signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 522:157-163. [PMID: 31757424 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA), isolated from the traditional Chinese herb Danshen, exhibits broad cardiovascular protective effects. However, the effect of Tan IIA on Homocysteine (Hcy)-induced proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) remains unknown. We herein determined whether Tan IIA exerted anti-proliferative effect in Hcy-treating VSMCs, and further investigated the underlying mechanism (miR-145/CD40 signaling). The results showed that Tan IIA significantly inhibited VSMCs proliferation induced by Hcy in a dose-dependent manner, and reversed the VSMCs injury as indicated by decreased KLF4 and increased Calponin expression. In view of the key role of miR-145 in VSMCs, we further explored the role of miR-145 on the protective effect of Tan IIA against Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation. The miR-145 expression was down-regulated and its targeted gene CD40 was up-regulated in Hcy-treating VSMCs, while the Tan IIA reversed the effect of Hcy, suggesting the miR-145/CD40 may be involve in the protective effect of Tan IIA. To determine the speculation, miR-145 inhibitor was used to inhibit miR-145 expression. The results indicated that miR-145 inhibitor can suppress the protective effects of Tan IIA against Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation. Collectively, present study demonstrates that Tan IIA inhibits Hcy-induced proliferation of VSMCs via miR-145/CD40 signaling.
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18
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Luo J, Zhang L, Zhang X, Long Y, Zou F, Yan C, Zou W. Protective effects and active ingredients of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge extracts on airway responsiveness, inflammation and remodeling in mice with ovalbumin-induced allergic asthma. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 52:168-177. [PMID: 30599896 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.09.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (S. miltiorrhiza), a traditional Chinese medicine, has demonstrated antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial activities. However, its effects against asthma that shows chronic inflammation and oxidative damage remain unknown. PURPOSE To assess the effects of S. miltiorrhiza extracts on airway responsiveness, inflammation, and remodeling in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthmatic mice. METHODS Mice with ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic asthma were treated with S. miltiorrhiza extracts, and airway resistance (RL) to methacholine, inflammatory cell infiltration, Th1/Th2 cytokine levels, and airway remodeling were assessed. TGF-β1-induced BEAS-2B and MRC-5 cells were used to evaluate the effects of five S. miltiorrhiza compounds on epithelial-mesenchymal transition and fibrosis. RESULTS OVA-challenge resulted in remarkably increased RL, inflammatory cell infiltration, Th1/Th2 cytokine levels in BALF, goblet cell hyperplasia, collagen deposition, and airway wall thickening. Daily treatment with S. miltiorrhiza ethanolic (EE, 246 mg/kg) or water (WE, 156 mg/kg) extract significantly reduced OVA-induced airway inflammatory cell infiltration, Th1/Th2 cytokine amounts, and goblet cells hyperplasia. However, only WE remarkably decreased RL, collagen deposition, and airway wall thickening. Moreover, Chromatography showed that salvianic acid A and caffeic acid levels were much higher in WE than EE, while rosmarinic acid was slightly lower; salvianolic acid B and tanshinone IIA levels were much higher in EE than WE. Interestingly, caffeic acid and rosmarinic acid were more potent in reducing E-cadherin and vimentin levels in TGF-β1-induced BEAS-2B cells, and α-SMA and COL1A1 amounts in TGF-β1-induced MRC-5 cells. CONCLUSIONS Both S. miltiorrhiza WE and EE alleviate airway inflammation in mice with OVA-sensitized allergic asthma. S. miltiorrhiza WE is more potent in reducing responsiveness and airway remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junming Luo
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Avenue, Donghu Dist., Nanchang 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- Hunan Provincal Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No.53 Xiangchun Road, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Avenue, Donghu Dist., Nanchang 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Long
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Avenue, Donghu Dist., Nanchang 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Zou
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Avenue, Donghu Dist., Nanchang 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunsong Yan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Avenue, Donghu Dist., Nanchang 330006, People's Republic of China..
| | - Wei Zou
- Hunan Provincal Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No.53 Xiangchun Road, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China.
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Fang J, Chen Q, He B, Cai J, Yao Y, Cai Y, Xu S, Rengasamy KRR, Gowrishankar S, Pandian SK, Cao T. Tanshinone IIA attenuates TNF-α induced PTX3 expression and monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells through the p38/NF-κB pathway. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 121:622-630. [PMID: 30268796 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.09.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Tanshinone IIA is one of the most predominant bioactive constituents of Danshen, a traditional Chinese medicinal plant with multiple cardiovascular protective actions. Although Tanshinone IIA has been well documented for its endothelial protective efficacy, studies unveiling the mechanism and/or molecular targets for its pharmacological activity are still inadequate. In recent studies, it has been envisaged that the expression of pentraxin 3 (PTX3) was associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ACVD). Therefore, the current study was designed to evaluate the possible role of Tanshinone IIA in influencing the expression of PTX3 in endothelial cells and thereby prevents endothelial dysfunction. Molecular analyses through real-time PCR, western blot, and ELISA revealed that Tanshinone IIA down-regulates PTX3 gene expression as well as protein secretion in human endothelial cells in the presence or absence of TNF-α. Besides, Tanshinone IIA inhibits the adhesion of THP1 cells (a monocytic cell line) to activated-endothelial cells stimulated with TNF-α. Furthermore, mechanistic studies uncovered the role of p38 MAPK/NF-κB pathway in Tanshinone II-A mediated pharmacological effects. Thus, the present study exemplifies the manifestation of Tanshinone IIA as a plausible alternative natural remedy for ACVD by targeting PTX3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, Huadu District People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuyan Chen
- Center of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, 511436, PR China
| | - Baozhu He
- Center of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, 511436, PR China
| | - Jiaxuan Cai
- Center of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, 511436, PR China
| | - Yawen Yao
- Center of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, 511436, PR China
| | - Yi Cai
- Center of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, 511436, PR China
| | - Suowen Xu
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Kannan R R Rengasamy
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630003, India.
| | | | | | - Tiansheng Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Huadu District People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510800, China.
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Chen T, Li M, Fan X, Cheng J, Wang L. Sodium Tanshinone IIA Sulfonate Prevents Angiotensin II-Induced Differentiation of Human Atrial Fibroblasts into Myofibroblasts. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:6712585. [PMID: 30140368 PMCID: PMC6081515 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6712585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Differentiation of atrial fibroblasts into myofibroblasts plays a critical role in atrial fibrosis. Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate (DS-201), a water-soluble derivative of tanshinone IIA, has been shown to have potent antifibrotic properties. However, the protective effects of DS-201 on angiotensin II- (Ang II-) induced differentiation of atrial fibroblasts into myofibroblasts remain to be elucidated. In this study, human atrial fibroblasts were stimulated with Ang II in the presence or absence of DS-201. Then, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen I, and collagen III expression and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were measured. The expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and the downstream signaling of TGF-β1, such as phosphorylation of Smad2/3, were also determined. The results demonstrated that DS-201 significantly prevented Ang II-induced human atrial fibroblast migration and decreased Ang II-induced α-SMA, collagen I, and collagen III expression. Furthermore, increased production of ROS and expression of TGF-β1 stimulated by Ang II were also significantly inhibited by DS-201. Consistent with these results, DS-201 significantly inhibited Ang II-evoked Smad2/3 phosphorylation and periostin expression. These results and the experiments involving N-acetyl cysteine (antioxidant) and an anti-TGF-β1 antibody suggest that DS-201 prevent Ang II-induced differentiation of atrial fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, at least in part, through suppressing oxidative stress and inhibiting the activation of TGF-β1 signaling pathway. All of these data indicate the potential utility of DS-201 for the treatment of cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tangting Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medical Electrophysiology and the Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, 319 Zhongshan Road, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Miaoling Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medical Electrophysiology and the Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, 319 Zhongshan Road, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Xuehui Fan
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medical Electrophysiology and the Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, 319 Zhongshan Road, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Jun Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medical Electrophysiology and the Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, 319 Zhongshan Road, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Liqun Wang
- Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, 319 Zhongshan Road, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
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Li ZM, Xu SW, Liu PQ. Salvia miltiorrhizaBurge (Danshen): a golden herbal medicine in cardiovascular therapeutics. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018; 39:802-824. [PMID: 29698387 PMCID: PMC5943903 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2017.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza Burge (Danshen) is an eminent medicinal herb that possesses broad cardiovascular and cerebrovascular protective actions and has been used in Asian countries for many centuries. Accumulating evidence suggests that Danshen and its components prevent vascular diseases, in particular, atherosclerosis and cardiac diseases, including myocardial infarction, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, arrhythmia, cardiac hypertrophy and cardiac fibrosis. The published literature indicates that lipophilic constituents (tanshinone I, tanshinone IIa, tanshinone IIb, cryptotanshinone, dihydrotanshinone, etc) as well as hydrophilic constituents (danshensu, salvianolic acid A and B, protocatechuic aldehyde, etc) contribute to the cardiovascular protective actions of Danshen, suggesting a potential synergism among these constituents. Herein, we provide a systematic up-to-date review on the cardiovascular actions and therapeutic potential of major pharmacologically active constituents of Danshen. These bioactive compounds will serve as excellent drug candidates in small-molecule cardiovascular drug discovery. This article also provides a scientific rationale for understanding the traditional use of Danshen in cardiovascular therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo-ming Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Suo-wen Xu
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, 14642, USA
| | - Pei-qing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Tang Y, Liu Y, Fan Y, Zhao Y, Feng J, Liu Y. To develop a novel animal model of myocardial infarction: A research imperative. Animal Model Exp Med 2018; 1:36-39. [PMID: 30891545 PMCID: PMC6357429 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although great progress has been made in therapeutic interventions for coronary artery disease (CAD), it is still the deadliest disease in the world. Currently animals that are similar to human beings in their cardiovascular pathophysiology are being used to explore the pathogenesis and therapy of CAD. There have been a series of developments in creating CAD animal models using mice, rats, rabbits, dogs, and pigs, but unfortunately there is still no acceptable model for human CAD. The ideal CAD animal model should satisfy several conditions as follows. First of all, it should have a pathophysiological process for CAD that is similar to humans. Second, it should be useable for assessing drug efficacy. The last and most important condition is that the model can be used to duplicate clinical therapeutic skills. The limitations of current methods for making animal models have meant that these models not only do not duplicate the actual pathogenesis, but also cannot be used to simulate clinical therapy, and do not support scientific evaluation of drug efficacy. Therefore, the development of a fit-for-purpose animal model for CAD is imperative for future research. Such a development will lead to rapid progress and greater efficiency in CAD research. This paper summarizes the present situation in the field of CAD animal models, and puts forwards ideas for developing a novel animal model of myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao‐ping Tang
- Guangxi University of Chinese MedicineNanningGuangxiChina
| | - Ying Liu
- Guangxi University of Chinese MedicineNanningGuangxiChina
| | - Yong‐jie Fan
- Guangxi University of Chinese MedicineNanningGuangxiChina
| | - Yang‐yang Zhao
- Guangxi University of Chinese MedicineNanningGuangxiChina
| | - Jiao‐qun Feng
- Guangxi University of Chinese MedicineNanningGuangxiChina
| | - Yuan Liu
- Guangxi University of Chinese MedicineNanningGuangxiChina
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Wang L, Ma R, Liu C, Liu H, Zhu R, Guo S, Tang M, Li Y, Niu J, Fu M, Gao S, Zhang D. Salvia miltiorrhiza: A Potential Red Light to the Development of Cardiovascular Diseases. Curr Pharm Des 2018; 23:1077-1097. [PMID: 27748194 PMCID: PMC5421141 DOI: 10.2174/1381612822666161010105242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, also known as Danshen in Chinese, has been widely used to treat cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in China and other Asia countries. Here, we summarize literatures of the historical traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) interpretation of the action of Salvia miltiorrhiza, its use in current clinical trials, its main phytochemical constituents and its pharmacological findings by consulting Pubmed, China Knowledge Resource Integrated, China Science and Technology Journal, and the Web of Science Databases. Since 2000, 39 clinical trials have been identified that used S. miltiorrhiza in TCM prescriptions alone or with other herbs for the treatment of patients with CVD. More than 200 individual compounds have been isolated and characterized from S. miltiorrhiza, which exhibited various pharmacological activities targeting different pathways for the treatment of CVD in various animal and cell models. The isolated compounds may provide new perspectives in alternative treatment regimes and reveal novel chemical scaffolds for the development of anti-CVD drugs. Meanwhile, there are also some rising concerns of the potential side effects and drug-drug interactions of this plant. The insights gained from this study will help us to better understanding of the actions of this herb for management of cardiovascular disorders. As an herb of red root, S. miltiorrhiza will act as a potential red light to prevent the development of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Wang
- Preclinical Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Rufeng Ma
- Preclinical Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chenyue Liu
- Chinese Material Medica School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Haixia Liu
- Preclinical Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ruyuan Zhu
- Preclinical Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shuzhen Guo
- Preclinical Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Minke Tang
- Chinese Material Medica School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Yu Li
- Preclinical Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jianzhao Niu
- Preclinical Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Min Fu
- The Research Institute of McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Sihua Gao
- Diabetes Research Center, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Dongwei Zhang
- Diabetes Research Center, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
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Cheng J, Chen T, Li P, Wen J, Pang N, Zhang L, Wang L. Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate prevents lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation via suppressing nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 96:26-31. [PMID: 28658584 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2017-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate (STS), a water-soluble derivative of tanshinone IIA, has been demonstrated to have potent anti-inflammatory properties. However, the protective effects of STS on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in endothelial cells remain to be elucidated. In the present study, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used to explore the effects of STS on LPS-induced inflammation and the molecular mechanism involved. HUVECs were pretreated with STS for 2 h, followed by stimulation with LPS. Then expression and secretion of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β, and the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) were assessed. The results demonstrated that STS significantly decreased LPS-induced TNF-α and IL-1β protein expression in HUVECs. Similarly, the increased levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in cell supernatants stimulated by LPS were also significantly inhibited by STS. Furthermore, STS inhibited LPS-induced NF-κB p65 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. All the results suggest that STS prevents LPS-induced inflammation through suppressing NF-κB signaling pathway in endothelial cells, indicating the potential utility of STS for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cheng
- a Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Tangting Chen
- a Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Pengyun Li
- a Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Wen
- a Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Ningbo Pang
- b Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,c Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology of Department of Pharmacology, The School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- b Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,c Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology of Department of Pharmacology, The School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Liqun Wang
- b Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,c Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology of Department of Pharmacology, The School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
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Wang L, Yu J, Fordjour PA, Xing X, Gao H, Li Y, Li L, Zhu Y, Gao X, Fan G. Danshen injection prevents heart failure by attenuating post-infarct remodeling. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 205:22-32. [PMID: 28465251 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Revised: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Danshen Injection (DSI) is a traditional Chinese medicine extracted from Danshen, prepared from the dried root and rhizome of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. Danshen is an ancient antipyretic traditional Chinese medicine which is mostly used to improve blood circulation and dispel blood stasis. Danshen decoction or liquor-fried Danshen (with grain-based liquor) which is cool in nature is traditionally used to 'cool the blood' and reduce the swelling of sores and abscesses. AIM OF STUDY The present study aimed to examine the effect and mechanism of DSI in LAD induced heart injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS One day after LAD surgery, adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to 3 groups: MI group; DSI group (1.5ml/kg/d, intramuscular); and Valsartan group (10mg/kg/d, intragastric). Echocardiography and hemodynamic measurements (Pressure-Volume loop) were performed to evaluate cardiac function. Pathological methods (Masson, and Sirus red staining) were used to check myocardial fibrosis. Western blotting assay was used to detect the protein expression of MMP-2. RT-PCR was used to detect the gene expression of MMP-9, MPO, iNOS, Bcl-2 and Bax. RESULTS DSI administration to LAD rats resulted in improved cardiac functions, hemodynamic parameters and normalized ventricular mass. Furthermore, DSI-treated group demonstrated potential regulation of myocardial collagen I and III deposition associated with MMP-2 expression. Also, DSI administration decreased gene expression of iNOS, MPO and MMP-9, and increased Bcl-2/Bax ratio. CONCLUSION Myocardial fibrosis, cardiac hypertrophy, hemodynamic deterioration as well as systolic and diastolic dysfunctions which characterize a failing hearts were significantly prevented by DSI. Our study may provide future directions to focus on the anti-hypertrophic mechanisms of DSI and pathological roles played by MMP-2 in myocardial hypertrophy. Meanwhile, DSI also performed the effect of anti-inflammation by the way of decreasing iNOS and MPO. The way Danshen Injection increasing Bcl-2/Bax presented the possibility that it may has the effect of inhibiting cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China.
| | - Jiahui Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China.
| | - Patrick Asare Fordjour
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China.
| | - Xiaoxue Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China.
| | - Hui Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China.
| | - Yanyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China.
| | - Lingyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China.
| | - Yan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China.
| | - Xiumei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Medicine, Nankai District, Tianjin, PR China.
| | - Guanwei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China; Medical Experiment Center, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, NanKai District, Tianjin, PR China.
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Wang B, Ge Z, Cheng Z, Zhao Z. Tanshinone IIA suppresses the progression of atherosclerosis by inhibiting the apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells and the proliferation and migration of macrophages induced by ox-LDL. Biol Open 2017; 6:489-495. [PMID: 28412716 PMCID: PMC5399561 DOI: 10.1242/bio.024133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The profound inhibitory effect of Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) on atherosclerosis has been demonstrated, whereas the latent mechanism is not completely cleared. This study aimed to investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying Tan IIA protecting against atherosclerosis. Oil Red O staining and ELISA assay showed that Tan IIA suppressed the progress of atherosclerosis and reduced the levels of inflammatory cytokines in serum of apolipoprotein E deficient (ApoE -/- ) mice. Flow cytometry assay revealed that Tan IIA inhibited oxidized LDL (ox-LDL)-induced apoptosis of VSMCs. MTT and transwell assay indicated that Tan IIA suppressed the ox-LDL-stimulated proliferation and migration of RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, Tan IIA ameliorated inflammatory cytokine upregulation elicited by ox-LDL in RAW264.7 cells. Additionally, Tan IIA inhibited the apoptosis of VSMCs and decreased the levels of MMP-2, MMP-9 in ApoE-/- mice. In conclusion, our study demonstrated Tan IIA suppressed the progression of atherosclerosis by inhibiting vascular inflammation, apoptosis of VSMCs and proliferation and migration of macrophages induced by ox-LDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baocai Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenwei Ge
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoyun Cheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziniu Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, People's Republic of China
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Fang J, Little PJ, Xu S. Atheroprotective Effects and Molecular Targets of Tanshinones Derived From Herbal Medicine Danshen. Med Res Rev 2017; 38:201-228. [PMID: 28295428 DOI: 10.1002/med.21438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plant-derived bioactive compounds modulate multiple therapeutic targets in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), rendering herb-derived phytochemicals effective against one of the major CVDs-atherosclerosis. Danshen (Salvia milthiorriza Bunge) is a Chinese medicine that has been used in cardio- and cerebro-vascular therapeutic remedies in Asian countries for many years. Emerging evidence from cellular, animal, and clinical studies suggests that major lipophilic tanshinones from Danshen can treat atherosclerotic CVDs. In this review, we highlight recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms of tanshinones in treating atherosclerosis, ranging from endothelial dysfunction to chronic inflammation. We also overview new molecular targets of tanshinones, including endothelial nitric oxide synthase, AMP-activated protein kinase, ABC transporter A1, heme oxygenase 1, soluble epoxide hydrolase, 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, estrogen receptor, and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9. Thus, this review provides a new perspective for advancing our understanding of the "ancient" herb Danshen from "modern" biomedical perspectives, supporting the possibility of exploiting tanshinones and derivatives as effective therapeutics against atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, Huadu District People's Hospital,Southern Medical University, 48 Xinhua Road, Guangzhou, 510800, China
| | - Peter J Little
- Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence (PACE), School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia.,Xinhua College, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510520, China
| | - Suowen Xu
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, 14642
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Lim Y, Lee S, Kim JY, Shin JH, Kwon O. A Phellinus baumii–based supplement containing Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge improves atherothrombotic profiles through endothelial nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase pathways in vitro and in vivo. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Akaberi M, Iranshahi M, Mehri S. Molecular Signaling Pathways Behind the Biological Effects of Salvia Species Diterpenes in Neuropharmacology and Cardiology. Phytother Res 2016; 30:878-93. [PMID: 26988179 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The genus Salvia, from the Lamiaceae family, has diverse biological properties that are primarily attributable to their diterpene contents. There is no comprehensive review on the molecular signaling pathways of these active components. In this review, we investigated the molecular targets of bioactive Salvia diterpenes responsible for the treatment of nervous and cardiovascular diseases. The effects on different pathways, including apoptosis signaling, oxidative stress phenomena, the accumulation of amyloid beta plaques, and tau phosphorylation, have all been considered to be mechanisms of the anti-Alzheimer properties of Salvia diterpenes. Additionally, effects on the benzodiazepine and kappa opioid receptors and neuroprotective effects are noted as neuropharmacological properties of Salvia diterpenes, including tanshinone IIA, salvinorin A, cryptotanshinone, and miltirone. Tanshinone IIA, as the primary diterpene of Salvia miltiorrhiza, has beneficial activities in heart diseases because of its ability to scavenge free radicals and its effects on transcription factors, such as nuclear transcription factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Additionally, tanshinone IIA has also been proposed to have cardioprotective properties including antiarrhythmic activities and effects on myocardial infarction. With respect to the potential therapeutic effects of Salvia diterpenes, comprehensive clinical trials are warranted to evaluate these valuable molecules as lead compounds. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Akaberi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - M Iranshahi
- Biotechnology Research Center and School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - S Mehri
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Cai Y, Zhang W, Chen Z, Shi Z, He C, Chen M. Recent insights into the biological activities and drug delivery systems of tanshinones. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:121-30. [PMID: 26792989 PMCID: PMC4708214 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s84035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tanshinones, the major lipid-soluble pharmacological constituents of the Chinese medicinal herb Tanshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza), have attracted growing scientific attention because of the prospective biomedical applications of these compounds. Numerous pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and cardio-cerebrovascular protection activities, are exhibited by the three primary bioactive constituents among the tanshinones, ie, tanshinone I (TNI), tanshinone IIA (TNIIA), and cryptotanshinone (CPT). However, due to their poor solubility and low dissolution rate, the clinical applications of TNI, TNIIA, and CPT are limited. To solve these problems, many studies have focused on loading tanshinones into liposomes, nanoparticles, microemulsions, cyclodextrin inclusions, solid dispersions, and so on. In this review, we aim to offer an updated summary of the biological activities and drug delivery systems of tanshinones to provide a reference for these constituents in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuee Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenji Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology & Institute of Biomedicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zirong Chen
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Shands Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Zhi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Cell Biology & Institute of Biomedicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengwei He
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meiwan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, People’s Republic of China
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Abstract
Tanshinones are lipophilic compounds derived fromSalvia miltiorrhiza(Danshen) that has been widely used to treat coronary heart diseases in China. The cardioprotective actions of tanshinones have been extensively studied in various models of myocardial infarction, cardiac ischemia reperfusion injury, cardiac hypertrophy, atherosclerosis, hypoxia, and cardiomyopathy. This review outlines the recent development in understanding the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways involved in the cardioprotective actions of tanshinones, in particular on mitochondrial apoptosis, calcium, nitric oxide, ROS, TNF-α, PKC, PI3K/Akt, IKK/NF-κB, and TGF-β1/Smad mechanisms, which highlights the potential of these compounds as therapeutic agents for treating cardiovascular diseases.
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Lv X, Fu K, Li W, Wang Y, Wang J, Li H, Tian W, Cao R. TIIA attenuates LPS-induced mouse endometritis by suppressing the NF-κB signaling pathway. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2015; 93:967-71. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2015-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Endometritis is one of the main diseases that harms the dairy cow industry. Tanshinone IIA (TIIA), a fat-soluble alkaloid isolated from Salviae miltiorrhizae, has been reported to have potent anti-inflammatory properties. However, the anti-inflammatory effects of TIIA on a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endometritis remain to be elucidated. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of TIIA on LPS-induced mouse endometritis. TIIA was intraperitoneally injected 1 h before and 12 h after perfusion of LPS into the uterus. A histological examination was then performed, and the concentrations of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and nitric oxide (NO) in the uterine tissue were determined. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in a homogenate of the uterus were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The extent of phosphorylation of IκBα and p65 was detected by Western blotting. TIIA markedly reduced the infiltration of neutrophils, suppressed MPO activity and the concentration of NO, and attenuated the expression of TNF-α and IL-1β. Furthermore, TIIA inhibited the phosphorylation of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 subunit and the degradation of its inhibitor IκBα. All the results suggest that TIIA has strong anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-induced mouse endometritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopei Lv
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kaiqiang Fu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weishi Li
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jifang Wang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huatao Li
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenru Tian
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rongfeng Cao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, People’s Republic of China
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Wang XX, Yang JX, Pan YY, Zhang YF. Protective effects of tanshinone ⅡA on endothelial progenitor cells injured by tumor necrosis factor-α. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:4055-4062. [PMID: 26095681 PMCID: PMC4526031 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) is a Traditional Chinese Medicine commonly used in Asian and Western countries for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disorders, such as atherosclerosis. Endothelial dysfunction and associated inflammatory processes have a critical role in the development of atherosclerosis. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have been demonstrated to be involved in certain aspects of the endothelial repair process. The present study aimed to investigate the putative protective effects of Tan IIA on EPCs injured by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). The potential effects of Tan IIA on TNF-α-stimulated EPC proliferation, migration, adhesion, in vitro tube formation ability and paracrine activity were investigated in the current study. The results indicated that TNF-α impaired EPC proliferation, migration, adhesion capacity and vasculogenesis ability in vitro as well as promoted EPC secretion of inflammatory cytokines, including monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L). However, Tan IIA was able to reverse these effects. In conclusion, these findings demonstrated that Tan IIA may have the potential to protect EPCs against damage induced by TNF-α. Therefore, these results may provide evidence for the pharmacological basis of Tan IIA and its potential use in the prevention and treatment of early atherosclerosis associated with EPC and endothelial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Xiang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Xiu Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Yun Pan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Ye-Fei Zhang
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
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Wang Y, Yang L, Yang D. Tanshinone IIA Rescued the Impairments of Primary Hippocampal Neurons Induced by BV2 Microglial Over-Activation. Neurochem Res 2015; 40:1497-508. [PMID: 26012368 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1624-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Activated microglia plays an important role in monitoring the microenvironment and prune neural process in healthy neural tissue, in order to maintain synaptic homeostasis. However, hyperactive microglia may release various cytotoxic factors and induce neuroinflammation, which cause neuronal damages leading to neurodegenerative diseases. Tanshinone IIA (TSA), an extract from traditional Chinese medicine, features potent anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects both in vitro and in vivo. But little is known on the effects of TSA on microglial-over-activation-induced neural impairments. In this study, by employing murine BV2 cell lines as well as the combinations of ELISA assay, immunostaining, western blotting analysis and RT-PCR, we found that TSA has the potential to exhibit anti-inflammatory effects. We hereby demonstrated that TSA rescued neural growth and development in the primary cultured hippocampal neurons from impairments caused by BV2 microglial over-activation insult. The results show that TSA attenuated the BV2 cell activation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation through suppressing the NF-кB signal pathway. Also, conditioned mediums (CM) from TSA treated and activated BV2 cells protected against LPS-CM-induced neuronal death. Furthermore, TSA treatment could recover the inhibitory effects of LPS-CM on growth cone extension, neurite sprouting and outgrowth, as well as spinogenesis. Our findings support that TSA is capable of inhibiting BV2 cell over-activation thus has potential protective effects in the cultured hippocampal neurons. This study may lay a foundation for using TSA to restore cerebral injuries after severe neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
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Kadioglu O, Efferth T. Pharmacogenomic Characterization of Cytotoxic Compounds from Salvia officinalis in Cancer Cells. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2015; 78:762-75. [PMID: 25713926 DOI: 10.1021/np501007n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Salvia officinalis is used as a dietary supplement with diverse medicinal activity (e.g. antidiabetic and antiatherosclerotic effects). The plant also exerts profound cytotoxicity toward cancer cells. Here, we investigated possible modes of action to explain its activity toward drug-resistant tumor cells. Log10IC50 values of two constituents of S. officinalis (ursolic acid, pomolic acid) were correlated to the expression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters (P-glycoprotein/ABCB1/MDR1, MRP1/ABCC1, BCRP/ABCG2) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) or mutations in RAS oncogenes and the tumor suppressor gene TP53 of the NCI panel of cell lines. Gene expression profiles predicting sensitivity and resistance of tumor cells to these compounds were determined by microarray-based mRNA expressions, COMPARE, and hierarchical cluster analyses. Furthermore, the binding of both plant acids to key molecules of the NF-κB pathway (NF-κB, I-κB, NEMO) was analyzed by molecular docking. Neither expression nor mutation of ABC transporters, oncogenes, or tumor suppressor genes correlated with log10IC50 values for ursolic acid or pomolic acid. In microarray analyses, many genes involved in signal transduction processes correlated with cellular responsiveness to these compounds. Molecular docking indicated that the two plant acids strongly bound to target proteins of the NF-κB pathway with even lower free binding energies than the known NF-κB inhibitor MG-132. They interacted more strongly with DNA-bound NF-κB than free NF-κB, pointing to inhibition of DNA binding by these compounds. In conclusion, the lack of cross-resistance to classical drug resistance mechanisms (ABC-transporters, oncogenes, tumor suppressors) may indicate a promising role of the both plant acids for cancer chemotherapy. Genes involved in signal transduction may contribute to the sensitivity or resistance of tumor cells to ursolic and pomolic acids. Ursolic and pomolic acid may target different steps of the NF-κB pathway to inhibit NF-κB-mediated functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onat Kadioglu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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Li Y, Guo Y, Chen Y, Wang Y, You Y, Yang Q, Weng X, Li Q, Zhu X, Zhou B, Liu X, Gong Z, Zhang R. Establishment of an interleukin-1β-induced inflammation-activated endothelial cell-smooth muscle cell-mononuclear cell co-culture model and evaluation of the anti-inflammatory effects of tanshinone IIA on atherosclerosis. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:1665-76. [PMID: 25936371 PMCID: PMC4464412 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence supports the hypothesis that inflammatory reactions serves an important function in the formation, progression and plaque rupture of atherosclerosis. Interleukin (IL)-1 primarily induces inflammation and is closely associated with the inflammatory environment and the formation of atherosclerosis. The present study aimed to establish an in vitro model for the evaluation of drug efficacy in the intervention of atherosclerosis from the inflammatory perspective, and to observe the anti-inflammatory effects of tanshinone IIA and andrographolide on atherosclerosis. The IL-1β-induced inflammation-activated endothelial cell (EC)-smooth muscle cell (SMC)-mononuclear cell (MC) co-culture model was established, based on the changes in a series of atherosclerosis-associated inflammatory markers secreted by ECs and SMCs. The expression of connexin in ECs, adhesion of MCs and changes in inflammatory signalling molecules were selected as evaluation indices for the inflammatory microenvironment of atherosclerosis. The use of this model revealed that tanshinone IIA exhibited significant efficacy against atherosclerosis and its inflammatory reactions. Inflammatory reactions were regarded as the primary mechanism underlying atherosclerosis. The established model simulated a series of relevant changes in the arterial wall under the inflammatory cytokines with oxidized low-density lipoprotein during the atherosclerotic process. The present study presented a reliable method for the identification of drugs with potential anti-inflammatory activity in atherosclerosis, for investigating the mechanisms of action, considering the improvement of the inflammatory state and the increase in plaque stability observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Li
- Department of Pharmacokinetics of Chinese Materia Medica, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Pharmacokinetics of Chinese Materia Medica, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Pharmacokinetics of Chinese Materia Medica, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Yajie Wang
- Department of Pharmacokinetics of Chinese Materia Medica, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Yun You
- Department of Pharmacokinetics of Chinese Materia Medica, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Pharmacokinetics of Chinese Materia Medica, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Xiaogang Weng
- Department of Pharmacokinetics of Chinese Materia Medica, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Pharmacokinetics of Chinese Materia Medica, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxin Zhu
- Department of Pharmacokinetics of Chinese Materia Medica, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Bingbing Zhou
- Department of Pharmacokinetics of Chinese Materia Medica, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Xucen Liu
- Department of Pharmacokinetics of Chinese Materia Medica, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Zaipeng Gong
- Department of Pharmacokinetics of Chinese Materia Medica, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Ruijie Zhang
- Department of Pharmacokinetics of Chinese Materia Medica, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
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Zhang H, Long M, Wu Z, Han X, Yu Y. Sodium tanshinone IIA silate as an add-on therapy in patients with unstable angina pectoris. J Thorac Dis 2015; 6:1794-9. [PMID: 25589975 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2014.12.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether sodium tanshinone IIA silate (STS) as an add-on therapy to conventional treatment may provide additional benefits for patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP) and is associated with changes in profiles of serum inflammatory factors. METHODS Eighty patients diagnosed with UAP were randomly divided into two groups for the 2-week treatment. The control group received conventional therapy, while the treatment group was given intravenous STS (0.06 mg in 250 mL, once daily) as an add-on therapy to the conventional medications. The therapeutic efficacy and changes in serum levels of several inflammatory cytokines, including monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR-γ), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) from baseline were determined and compared between the two group. RESULTS The clinical symptoms of all patients in both groups were improved after treatment. The overall rate of effectiveness was 97.5% in the treatment group vs. 80.0% in the control group. Serum levels of MCP-1, TNF-α, and hs-CRP levels were significantly reduced in both groups (P<0.01), whereas the reduction was greater in patients receiving additional STS (P<0.05). PPAR-γ was significantly elevated in both groups (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS STS in combination with conventional treatment may be associated with better outcomes in patients with UAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, China
| | - Mingzhi Long
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, China
| | - Zhiwen Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, China
| | - Xu Han
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, China
| | - Yichao Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, China
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Anti-Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Mechanism of Tanshinone IIA for Atherosclerosis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:267976. [PMID: 25525444 PMCID: PMC4267215 DOI: 10.1155/2014/267976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Tanshinone IIA (Tan II A) is widely used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases as an active component of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. It has been demonstrated to have pleiotropic effects for atherosclerosis. From the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory mechanism perspective, this paper reviewed major progresses of Tan IIA in antiatherosclerosis research, including immune cells, antigens, cytokines, and cell signaling pathways.
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Li J, Li D, Li L, Deng W, Ding L, Xu H, Zhou Y. Simultaneous quantification of salvianolic acid B and tanshinone IIA of salvia tropolone tablets by UPLC-MRM-MS/MS for pharmacokinetic studies. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2014. [DOI: 10.1556/achrom.26.2014.4.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Cao FL, Su XJ, Wang Y, Xu M, Shan L. Antinociceptive effects of systemic tanshinone IIA on visceral and somatic persistent nociception and pain hypersensitivity in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2014; 124:74-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Xu S, Liu Z, Huang Y, Chen J, Chen S, Shen X, Huang H, Liu P. Effectiveness of combination therapy of atorvastatin and non lipid-modifying tanshinone IIA from Danshen in a mouse model of atherosclerosis. Int J Cardiol 2014; 174:878-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.04.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Chang CC, Chu CF, Wang CN, Wu HT, Bi KW, Pang JHS, Huang ST. The anti-atherosclerotic effect of tanshinone IIA is associated with the inhibition of TNF-α-induced VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and CX3CL1 expression. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 21:207-216. [PMID: 24157079 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2013.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 07/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Tanshinone IIA is one of the major diterpenes in Salvia miltiorrhiza. The inhibitory effect of Tanshinone IIA on atherosclerosis has been reported, but the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. The present study aimed to study the anti-atherosclerosis effect of Tanshinone IIA on the adhesion of monocytes to vascular endothelial cells and related mechanism. Results showed that Tanshinone IIA, at the concentrations without cytotoxic effect, dose-dependently inhibited the adhesion of THP-1 monocytes to the TNF-α-stimulated human vascular endothelial cells. The expressions of cell adhesion molecules including VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and E-selectin were induced by TNF-α in HUVECs at both the mRNA and protein levels. The mRNA and protein expressions of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1, but not E-selectin, were both significantly suppressed by Tanshinone IIA in a dose dependent manner. In addition, the TNF-α-induced mRNA expression of fractalkine/CX3CL1 and the level of soluble fractalkine were both reduced by Tanshinone IIA. We also found that Tanshinone IIA significantly inhibited TNF-α-induced nuclear translocation of NF-κB which was resulted from the inhibitory effect of Tanshinone IIA on the TNF-α-activated phosphorylation of IKKα, IKKβ, IκB and NF-κB. As one of the major components of Salvia miltiorrhiza, Tanshinone IIA alone exerted more potent effect on inhibiting the adhesion of monocytes to vascular endothelial cells when compared with Salvia miltiorrhiza. All together, these results demonstrate a novel underlying mechanism for the anti-inflammatory effect of Tanshinone IIA by modulating TNF-α-induced expression of VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and fractalkine through inhibition of TNF-α-induced activation of IKK/NF-κB signaling pathway in human vascular endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Chieh Chang
- Department of Chinese Medicine and Mitochondrial Research Unit, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital - Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chen-Fu Chu
- Department of Chinese Medicine and Mitochondrial Research Unit, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital - Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chao-Nin Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsiao-Ting Wu
- Department of Chinese Medicine and Mitochondrial Research Unit, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital - Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kuo-Wei Bi
- Department of Chinese Medicine and Mitochondrial Research Unit, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital - Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jong-Hwei S Pang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Sheng-Teng Huang
- Department of Chinese Medicine and Mitochondrial Research Unit, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital - Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC.
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Liu Z, Wang J, Huang E, Gao S, Li H, Lu J, Tian K, Little PJ, Shen X, Xu S, Liu P. Tanshinone IIA suppresses cholesterol accumulation in human macrophages: role of heme oxygenase-1. J Lipid Res 2013; 55:201-13. [PMID: 24302760 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m040394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of foam cells in the neointima represents a key event in atherosclerosis. We previously demonstrated that Tanshinone IIA (Tan), a lipophilic bioactive compound extracted from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, inhibits experimental atherogenesis, yet the detailed mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, we sought to explore the potential effects of Tan on lipid accumulation in macrophage foam cells and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Our data indicate that Tan treatment reduced the content of macrophages, cholesterol accumulation, and the development of atherosclerotic plaque in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. In human macrophages, Tan ameliorated oxidized low density lipoporotein (oxLDL)-elicited foam cell formation by inhibiting oxLDL uptake and promoting cholesterol efflux. Mechanistically, Tan markedly reduced the expression of scavenger receptor class A and increased the expression of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) and ABCG1 in lipid-laden macrophages via activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) pathway. Tan treatment induced the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and subsequently increased the expression of HO-1, and these effects were abolished by the specific ERK inhibitors, PD98059 and U0126. Moreover, HO-1 small interfering RNA or zinc protoporphyrin (a HO-1 inhibitor) abrogated Tan-mediated suppression of lipid accumulation in macrophages. Our current findings demonstrate that a novel HO-1-dependent mechanism is involved in the regulation of cholesterol balance by Tan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
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Bu Y, Lee K, Jung HS, Moon SK. Therapeutic effects of traditional herbal medicine on cerebral ischemia: a perspective of vascular protection. Chin J Integr Med 2013; 19:804-14. [PMID: 24170629 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-013-1341-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although many agents for acute ischemic stroke treatment have been developed from extensive preclinical studies, most have failed in clinical trials. As a result, researchers are seeking other methods or agents based on previous studies. Among the various prospective approaches, vascular protection might be the key for development of therapeutic agents for stroke and for improvements in the efficacy and safety of conventional therapies. Traditional medicines in Asian countries are based on clinical experiences and literature accumulated over thousands of years. To date, many studies have used traditional herbal medicines to prove or develop new agents based on stroke treatments mentioned in traditional medicinal theory or other clinical data. In the current review, we describe the vascular factors related to ischemic brain damage and the herbal medicines that impact these factors, including Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix, Notoginseng Radix, and Curcumae Rhizoma, based on scientific reports and traditional medical theory. Further, we point out the problems associated with herbal medicines in stroke research and propose better methodologies to address these problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngmin Bu
- Department of Herbal Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea,
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Shang T, Liu Z, Zhou M, Zarins CK, Xu C, Liu CJ. Inhibition of experimental abdominal aortic aneurysm in a rat model by way of tanshinone IIA. J Surg Res 2012; 178:1029-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2012.04.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Revised: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Tian XH, Wu JH. Tanshinone derivatives: a patent review (January 2006 – September 2012). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2012; 23:19-29. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2013.736494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Li HZ, Lu YH, Huang GS, Chen Q, Fu Q, Li ZL. Tanshinone II A inhibits dendritic cell-mediated adaptive immunity: Potential role in anti-atherosclerotic activity. Chin J Integr Med 2012; 20:764-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11655-012-1213-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Yin X, Yin Y, Cao FL, Chen YF, Peng Y, Hou WG, Sun SK, Luo ZJ. Tanshinone IIA attenuates the inflammatory response and apoptosis after traumatic injury of the spinal cord in adult rats. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38381. [PMID: 22675554 PMCID: PMC3365897 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord injury (SCI), including immediate mechanical injury and secondary injury, is associated with the inflammatory response, apoptosis and oxidative stress in response to traumatic injury. Tanshinone IIA (TIIA) is one of the major extracts obtained from Salvia miltiorrhiza BUNGE, which has anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects on many diseases. However, little is known about the effects of TIIA treatment on SCI. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to evaluate the pharmacological action of TIIA on secondary damage and the underlying mechanisms of experimental SCI in rats. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS SCI was generated using a weight drop device on the dorsal spinal cord via a two-level T9-T11 laminectomy. SCI in rats resulted in severe trauma, characterized by locomotor disturbance, edema, neutrophil infiltration, the production of astrocytes and inflammatory mediators, apoptosis and oxidative stress. TIIA treatment (20 mg/kg, i.p.) after SCI induced significant effects: (1) improved motor function (Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan scores), (2) reduced the degree of tissue injury (histological score), neutrophil infiltration (myeloperoxidase activity) and the expression of astrocytes, (3) inhibited the activation of SCI-related pathways, such as NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways, (4) decreased the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) and iNOS, (5) reduced apoptosis (TUNEL staining, and Bcl-2 and caspase-3 expression) and (6) reversed the redox state imbalance. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The results clearly show that TIIA has a prominent protective effect against SCI through inhibiting the inflammatory response and apoptosis in the spinal cord tissue after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yin
- Institute of Orhopaedics Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Yue Yin
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Fa-Le Cao
- Department of Neurology and Respiration, The 222th Hospital of CPLA, Jilin, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Fei Chen
- Institute of Orhopaedics Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Ye Peng
- Institute of Orhopaedics Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Wu-Gang Hou
- Department of Anesthesia, Xijing Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Kai Sun
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Zhuo-Jing Luo
- Institute of Orhopaedics Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
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Ming Q, Han T, Li W, Zhang Q, Zhang H, Zheng C, Huang F, Rahman K, Qin L. Tanshinone IIA and tanshinone I production by Trichoderma atroviride D16, an endophytic fungus in Salvia miltiorrhiza. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 19:330-3. [PMID: 22035769 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2011.09.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Revised: 08/12/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study the isolation of an endophytic fungus from the root of the medicinal herb Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge is reported for the first time. The fungus produced tanshinone I and tanshinone IIA in rich mycological medium (potato dextrose broth) under shake flask and bench scale fermentation conditions. The fungus was identified as Trichoderma atroviride by its morphology and authenticated by ITS analysis (ITS1 and ITS2 regions and the intervening 5.8S rDNA region). Tanshinone I and tanshinone IIA were identified by HPLC and LC-HRMS/MS and confirmed through comparison with authentic standards. This endophytic fungus has significant scientific and industrial potential to meet the pharmaceutical demands for tanshinone I and tanshinone IIA in a cost-effective, easily accessible and reproducible way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianliang Ming
- Department of Pharmacognosy School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
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50
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Tanshinone IIA: A Promising Natural Cardioprotective Agent. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:716459. [PMID: 22454677 PMCID: PMC3292221 DOI: 10.1155/2012/716459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 11/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) is a member of the major lipophilic components extracted from the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, which is currently used in China and other neighboring countries to treat patients suffering from myocardial infarction (MI), angina pectoris, stroke, diabetes, sepsis, and other conditions. However, Tan IIA is not easy to be absorbed through intestinal pathway. To raise the bioavailability of the herb, sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate (STS) was developed. This paper discussed the pharmacology of Tan IIA, STS, and their potential cardioprotective effects.
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