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Allemailem KS, Almatroudi A, Alharbi HOA, AlSuhaymi N, Alsugoor MH, Aldakheel FM, Khan AA, Rahmani AH. Apigenin: A Bioflavonoid with a Promising Role in Disease Prevention and Treatment. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1353. [PMID: 38927560 PMCID: PMC11202028 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Apigenin is a powerful flavone compound found in numerous fruits and vegetables, and it offers numerous health-promoting benefits. Many studies have evidenced that this compound has a potential role as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant compound, making it a promising candidate for reducing the risk of pathogenesis. It has also been found to positively affect various systems in the body, such as the respiratory, digestive, immune, and reproductive systems. Apigenin is effective in treating liver, lung, heart, kidney, neurological diseases, diabetes, and maintaining good oral and skin health. Multiple studies have reported that this compound is capable of suppressing various types of cancer through the induction of apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest, suppressing cell migration and invasion, reduction of inflammation, and inhibiting angiogenesis. When used in combination with other drugs, apigenin increases their efficacy, reduces the risk of side effects, and improves the response to chemotherapy. This review broadly analyzes apigenin's potential in disease management by modulating various biological activities. In addition, this review also described apigenin's interaction with other compounds or drugs and the potential role of nanoformulation in different pathogeneses. Further extensive research is needed to explore the mechanism of action, safety, and efficacy of this compound in disease prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled S. Allemailem
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (K.S.A.); (A.A.); (H.O.A.A.)
| | - Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (K.S.A.); (A.A.); (H.O.A.A.)
| | - Hajed Obaid A. Alharbi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (K.S.A.); (A.A.); (H.O.A.A.)
| | - Naif AlSuhaymi
- Department of Emergency Medical Services, Faculty of Health Sciences, AlQunfudah, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21912, Saudi Arabia (M.H.A.)
| | - Mahdi H. Alsugoor
- Department of Emergency Medical Services, Faculty of Health Sciences, AlQunfudah, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21912, Saudi Arabia (M.H.A.)
| | - Fahad M. Aldakheel
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amjad Ali Khan
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arshad Husain Rahmani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (K.S.A.); (A.A.); (H.O.A.A.)
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Balasem Z, Salamat N, Mojiri-Forushani H. Using cell culture systems from the Persian Gulf Arabian yellowfin sea bream, Acanthopagrus arabicus, to assess the effects of dexamethasone on gonad and brain aromatase activity and steroid production. Toxicol In Vitro 2024; 97:105803. [PMID: 38431060 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2024.105803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Dexamethasone (DEX) is a synthetic glucocorticoid widely used as pharmaceutical and usually exists in effluents with varying degrees of concentrations. In this study, cultivated Brain, ovary and testis cells from Arabian Sea bream, Acanthopagrus arabicus, were treated by DEX at concentrations of 0, 0.3, 3.0, 30.0 and 300.0 μg/ml for 48 h. The aromatase activity and steroid (17-β-estradiol (E2), progesterone (P) and testosterone (T)) production by cells were measured at 12, 24 and 48 h of the experiment. The results showed that the sensitivity of cultivated ovarian, testicular and brain cells to DEX increased dose dependently. DEX was potent inhibitor of aromatase activity at specially 30.0 and 300.0 μg/ml in the cultivated ovarian and testicular cells at different sampling time. On the other hand, DEX was found to stimulate the aromatase activity of fish brain. DEX also decreased E2, P and T production by cultivated ovarian and testicular cells during the experiment. While, DEX caused an increase in the production of E2 and P by brain cells, which seems logical considering the stimulating effect of this drug on brain aromatase activity. In conclusion, results highlight that DEX is able to change the activity of aromatase, and disrupt the biosynthesis of estrogens and thus affect reproduction in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Balasem
- Department of Marine Biology, School of Marine Science, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology in Khorramshahr University of Marine Sciences and Technology, Iran
| | - Negin Salamat
- Department of Marine Biology, School of Marine Science, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology in Khorramshahr University of Marine Sciences and Technology, Iran.
| | - Hoda Mojiri-Forushani
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
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Teixeira TM, Boeff DD, de Oliveira Carvalho L, Ritter MR, Konrath EL. The traditional use of native Brazilian plants for male sexual dysfunction: Evidence from ethnomedicinal applications, animal models, and possible mechanisms of action. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116876. [PMID: 37437795 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Sexual dysfunction is a multifactorial health condition characterized by distressing disturbances in the sexual response and libido, leading to an inability to maintain penile erection and achieve pleasure. Considering the huge Brazilian biodiversity, many plants are traditionally used for aphrodisiac purposes. However, the use of native medicinal plants as sexual boosters in Brazil has been poorly studied. AIM OF THE STUDY This review focuses on the composition, pharmacology, and results of experimental trials of the main native plants used in Brazilian folk medicine with alleged aphrodisiac effects. We aimed to provide a state-of-the-art reference for research on herbs for the treatment of male sexual dysfunction by summarizing and discussing the main studies found. MATERIALS AND METHODS The relevant information was collected by searching keywords (aphrodisiac, sexual tonic, sexual stimulant, sexual vigor stimulant, sexual impotency, erectile dysfunction, etc.) from books containing primary surveys conducted in the original communities and bibliographic surveys prepared by authors linked to the national academic and scientific environment edited in Brazil. Preclinical and clinical studies of the compiled plant species were performed using scientific databases (Scopus, PubMed, SciELO, and SciFinder). RESULTS Seventy-four plant species belonging to 44 families used in Brazil to treat sexual dysfunction were compiled from ethnopharmacological literature. Fourteen plants, including Pfaffia glomerata (Spreng.) Pedersen, Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco Schltdl., Anemopaegma arvense (Vell.) Stellfeld ex de Souza, Mimosa pudica L., Heteropterys tomentosa A. Juss., Trichilia catigua A. Juss., and Turnera diffusa Willd. ex Schult. were pharmacologically studied to confirm these therapeutic properties. Probable modes of action include antioxidant and androgenic activities, inhibition of the PDE5 enzyme, increase in NO levels, and activation of dopaminergic and noradrenergic pathways. In addition, several different species popularly known as "catuaba" were identified, leading to adulterations and controversial effects. CONCLUSION The overall results of the present review of Brazilian folk literature reveal that Brazil has a long tradition of using plants with potential aphrodisiac effects. However, further research is required to identify, characterize, and standardize the active ingredients and herbal preparations used in aphrodisiacs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tárik Matthes Teixeira
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil
| | - Daiana Daniele Boeff
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil; Pos-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil
| | - Letícia de Oliveira Carvalho
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil; Pos-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil
| | - Mara Rejane Ritter
- Department of Botany, Biosciences Institute, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil
| | - Eduardo Luis Konrath
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil; Pos-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil.
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Yuan S, Li Z, Huang W, Chen K, Li J. The phytoestrogenic potential of flavonoid glycosides from Selaginella moellendorffii via ERα-dependent signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 308:116174. [PMID: 36669597 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Selaginella moellendorffii (SM) has been applied as an ethnic drug to treat conditions such as osteoporosis, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, and chronic inflammation. It is known to be rich in flavonoids, including apigenin glycosides and unique elements of bioflavonoids. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate estrogen-like constituents of SM and the possible mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS We identified the main components in liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The estrogenic effects were examined using a recombinant yeast screening assay, an E-screen cell proliferation assay, and an in vivo uterotrophic assay. RESULTS Flavonoid glycosides extract, some flavonoid glycosides, and apigenin showed estrogen agonistic activity in the yeast screening assay. They also induced cell proliferation in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) cells but not in estrogen receptor-negative (ER-) cells. Consistently, the protein expression of ERα, phosphorylation protein kinase B (p-AKT), phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K), phosphorylation mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR), phosphorylation 38,000-Da protein (p-P38), and phosphorylation extracellular-regulated kinase 1/2 (p-ERK1/2) elevated following treatment with flavonoid glycoside extract (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). These effects could be blocked by ER antagonist or ERα antagonist but not be blocked by ERβ antagonist. In vivo assay, flavonoid glycoside extract could significantly increase body weight, serum estradiol level, uterine wet weight, alter uterine morphology, and promote ERα protein expression (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS ERα induction via mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways might be the possible mechanism underlying the phytoestrogen effect of SM, and the flavonoid glycosides might be the critical estrogenic constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijun Yuan
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, 430065, China.
| | - Zihan Li
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, 430065, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Keli Chen
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, 430065, China.
| | - Juan Li
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, 430065, China.
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Estrogenic flavonoids and their molecular mechanisms of action. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 114:109250. [PMID: 36509337 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are a major group of phytoestrogens associated with physiological effects, and ecological and social impacts. Although the estrogenic activity of flavonoids was reported by researchers in the fields of medical, environmental and food studies, their molecular mechanisms of action have not been comprehensively reviewed. The estrogenic activity of the respective classes of flavonoids, anthocyanidins/anthocyanins, 2-arylbenzofurans/3-arylcoumarins/α-methyldeoxybenzoins, aurones/chalcones/dihydrochalcones, coumaronochromones, coumestans, flavans/flavan-3-ols/flavan-4-ols, flavanones/dihydroflavonols, flavones/flavonols, homoisoflavonoids, isoflavans, isoflavanones, isoflavenes, isoflavones, neoflavonoids, oligoflavonoids, pterocarpans/pterocarpenes, and rotenone/rotenoids, was summarized through a comprehensive literature search, and their structure-activity relationship, biological activities, signaling pathways, and applications were discussed. Although the respective classes of flavonoids contained at least one chemical mimicking estrogen, the mechanisms varied, such as those with estrogenic, anti-estrogenic, non-estrogenic, and biphasic activities, and additional activities through crosstalk/bypassing, which exert biological activities through cell signaling pathways. Such mechanistic variations of estrogen action are not limited to flavonoids and are observed among other broad categories of chemicals, thus this group of chemicals can be termed as the "estrogenome". This review article focuses on the connection of estrogen action mainly between the outer and the inner environments, which represent variations of chemicals and biological activities/signaling pathways, respectively, and form the basis to understand their applications. The applications of chemicals will markedly progress due to emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence for precision medicine, which is also true of the study of the estrogenome including estrogenic flavonoids.
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Kandhari K, Mishra JPN, Agarwal R, Singh RP. Acacetin induces sustained ERK1/2 activation and RIP1-dependent necroptotic death in breast cancer cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 462:116409. [PMID: 36740148 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Acacetin (AC), a naturally occurring flavonoid has shown anticancer potential. Herein, we studied the mechanisms of cell death and growth inhibition by AC in breast carcinoma T-47D and MDA-MB-231 cells. AC (10-40 μM) significantly decreased the levels of G2/M phase cyclins and CDKs, simultaneously increasing the expression of CDK inhibitors including Cip1/p21. A concentration-dependent increase in cell death was noted in both breast cancer cell lines with no such considerable effects on MCF-10A non-tumorigenic breast cells. The cell death-inducing potential of AC was further confirmed using confocal microscopy and flow cytometry analysis. AC resulted in mitochondrial superoxide generation, DNA damage, and ROS generation. N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) pre-treatment inhibited ROS generation and partially reversed ERK1/2 activation as well as cell death by AC. Further, AC enhanced the expression of RIP1 and RIP3, which mediate necroptosis. RIP1-specific inhibitor Necrostatin-1 (NS-1) reversed the AC-induced DNA damage and cell death. Collectively, these findings, for the first time, suggested that AC exerts its antitumor potential through ROS induction and RIP1-dependent necroptosis in breast carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kushal Kandhari
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jai P N Mishra
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Rajesh Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Rana P Singh
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
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El-Abid H, Amaral C, Cunha SC, Correia-da-Silva G, Fernandes JO, Moumni M, Teixeira N. Anti-cancer properties of hydroethanolic extracts of Juniperus oxycedrus L. in breast cancer cells. J Herb Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2022.100614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kim M, Ha LK, Oh S, Fang M, Zheng S, Bellere AD, Jeong J, Yi TH. Antiphotoaging Effects of Damiana ( Turnera diffusa) Leaves Extract via Regulation AP-1 and Nrf2/ARE Signaling Pathways. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11111486. [PMID: 35684259 PMCID: PMC9182839 DOI: 10.3390/plants11111486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Damiana (Turnera diffusa), of the family Passifloraceae, has been widely studied for its pharmacological effects, especially for antioxidant and antibacterial actions. However, there are limited scientific findings describing its antiphotoaging effects on the skin. In the present study, the underlying molecular mechanisms of the protective effect of Damiana were investigated in keratinocytes (HaCaTs) and normal human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) subject to UVB irradiation. The mRNA expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and procollagen type I was determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The protein expression of antiphotoaging-related signaling molecules in the activator protein-1 (AP-1) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)/antioxidant response element (ARE) pathways was assessed by Western blotting. We observed that Damiana blocked the upregulated production of reactive oxygen species induced in UVB-irradiated HaCaTs and HDFs in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment with Damiana also significantly ameliorated the mRNA expression of MMPs and procollagen type I. In addition, the phosphorylation level of c-Jun and c-Fos was also decreased through the attenuated expression of p-38, p-ERK, and p-JNK after treatment with Damiana. Furthermore, the treatment of cells with Damiana resulted in the inhibition of Smad-7 expression in the TGF-β/Smad pathway and upregulated the expression of the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway. Hence, the synthesis of procollagen type I, a precursor of collagen I, was promoted. Collectively, these results provide us with the novel insight that Damiana is a potential source of antiphotoaging compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minseon Kim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17104, Korea; (M.K.); (L.-K.H.); (M.F.); (S.Z.); (A.D.B.)
| | - Lee-Keun Ha
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17104, Korea; (M.K.); (L.-K.H.); (M.F.); (S.Z.); (A.D.B.)
| | - Sarang Oh
- Snow White Factory Co., Ltd., 807 Nonhyeon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06032, Korea; (S.O.); (J.J.)
| | - Minzhe Fang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17104, Korea; (M.K.); (L.-K.H.); (M.F.); (S.Z.); (A.D.B.)
| | - Shengdao Zheng
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17104, Korea; (M.K.); (L.-K.H.); (M.F.); (S.Z.); (A.D.B.)
| | - Arce D. Bellere
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17104, Korea; (M.K.); (L.-K.H.); (M.F.); (S.Z.); (A.D.B.)
| | - Jeehaeng Jeong
- Snow White Factory Co., Ltd., 807 Nonhyeon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06032, Korea; (S.O.); (J.J.)
| | - Tae-Hoo Yi
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17104, Korea; (M.K.); (L.-K.H.); (M.F.); (S.Z.); (A.D.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-201-3693
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Currently Applied Extraction Processes for Secondary Metabolites from Lippia turbinata and Turnera diffusa and Future Perspectives. SEPARATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/separations8090158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The poleo (Lippia turbinata Griseb.) and damiana (Turnera diffusa Wild) are two of the most valued species in the Mexican semidesert due to their medicinal uses. The conventional essential oil extraction process is hydrodistillation, and for the extraction of antioxidants, the use of organic solvents. However, these techniques are time-consuming and degrade thermolabile molecules, and the efficiency of the process is dependent on the affinity of the solvent for bioactive compounds. Likewise, they generate solvent residues such as methanol, hexane, petroleum ether, toluene, chloroform, etc. Therefore, in recent years, ecofriendly alternatives such as ohmic heating, microwaves, ultrasound, and supercritical fluids have been studied. These methodologies allow reducing the environmental impact and processing times, in addition to increasing yields at a lower cost. Currently, there is no up-to-date information that provides a description of the ecofriendly trends for the recovery process of essential oils and antioxidants from Lippia turbinata and Turnera diffusa. This review includes relevant information on the most recent advancements in these processes, including conditions and methodological foundation.
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Echeverria V, Echeverria F, Barreto GE, Echeverría J, Mendoza C. Estrogenic Plants: to Prevent Neurodegeneration and Memory Loss and Other Symptoms in Women After Menopause. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:644103. [PMID: 34093183 PMCID: PMC8172769 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.644103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, sexual hormones such as estrogens play an essential role in maintaining brain homeostasis and function. Estrogen deficit in the brain induces many undesirable symptoms such as learning and memory impairment, sleep and mood disorders, hot flushes, and fatigue. These symptoms are frequent in women who reached menopausal age or have had ovariectomy and in men and women subjected to anti-estrogen therapy. Hormone replacement therapy alleviates menopause symptoms; however, it can increase cardiovascular and cancer diseases. In the search for therapeutic alternatives, medicinal plants and specific synthetic and natural molecules with estrogenic effects have attracted widespread attention between the public and the scientific community. Various plants have been used for centuries to alleviate menstrual and menopause symptoms, such as Cranberry, Ginger, Hops, Milk Thistle, Red clover, Salvia officinalis, Soy, Black cohosh, Turnera diffusa, Ushuva, and Vitex. This review aims to highlight current evidence about estrogenic medicinal plants and their pharmacological effects on cognitive deficits induced by estrogen deficiency during menopause and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Echeverria
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastian, Concepcion, Chile.,Research and Development Service, Bay Pines VA Healthcare System, Bay Pines, FL, Unites States
| | | | - George E Barreto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.,Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Javier Echeverría
- Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristhian Mendoza
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastian, Concepcion, Chile
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Kondža M, Bojić M, Tomić I, Maleš Ž, Rezić V, Ćavar I. Characterization of the CYP3A4 Enzyme Inhibition Potential of Selected Flavonoids. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26103018. [PMID: 34069400 PMCID: PMC8158701 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26103018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Acacetin, apigenin, chrysin, and pinocembrin are flavonoid aglycones found in foods such as parsley, honey, celery, and chamomile tea. Flavonoids can act as substrates and inhibitors of the CYP3A4 enzyme, a heme containing enzyme responsible for the metabolism of one third of drugs on the market. The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of selected flavonoids on the CYP3A4 enzyme, the kinetics of inhibition, the possible covalent binding of the inhibitor to the enzyme, and whether flavonoids can act as pseudo-irreversible inhibitors. For the determination of inhibition kinetics, nifedipine oxidation was used as a marker reaction. A hemochromopyridine test was used to assess the possible covalent binding to the heme, and incubation with dialysis was used in order to assess the reversibility of the inhibition. All the tested flavonoids inhibited the CYP3A4 enzyme activity. Chrysin was the most potent inhibitor: IC50 = 2.5 ± 0.6 µM, Ki = 2.4 ± 1.0 µM, kinact = 0.07 ± 0.01 min−1, kinact/Ki = 0.03 min−1 µM−1. Chrysin caused the highest reduction of heme (94.5 ± 0.5% residual concentration). None of the tested flavonoids showed pseudo-irreversible inhibition. Although the inactivation of the CYP3A4 enzyme is caused by interaction with heme, inhibitor-heme adducts could not be trapped. These results indicate that flavonoids have the potential to inhibit the CYP3A4 enzyme and interact with other drugs and medications. However, possible food–drug interactions have to be assessed clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kondža
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mostar, Matice Hrvatske bb, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (M.K.); (I.T.)
| | - Mirza Bojić
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Ante Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-1-4818-304
| | - Ivona Tomić
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mostar, Matice Hrvatske bb, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (M.K.); (I.T.)
| | - Željan Maleš
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Ante Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Valentina Rezić
- Farmavita d.o.o., Igmanska 5A, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | - Ivan Ćavar
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Mostar, Zrinskog Frankopana 34, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
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Acacetin suppresses the electrocardiographic and arrhythmic manifestations of the J wave syndromes. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242747. [PMID: 33232375 PMCID: PMC7685455 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background J wave syndromes (JWS), including Brugada (BrS) and early repolarization syndromes (ERS), are associated with increased risk for life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias. Pharmacologic approaches to therapy are currently very limited. Here, we evaluate the effects of the natural flavone acacetin. Methods The effects of acacetin on action potential (AP) morphology and transient outward current (Ito) were first studied in isolated canine RV epicardial myocytes using whole-cell patch clamp techniques. Acacetin’s effects on transmembrane APs, unipolar electrograms and transmural ECGs were then studied in isolated coronary-perfused canine RV and LV wedge preparations as well as in whole-heart, Langendorff-perfused preparations from which we recorded a 12 lead ECG and unipolar electrograms. Using floating glass microelectrodes we also recorded transmembrane APs from the RVOT of the whole-heart model. The Ito agonist NS5806, sodium channel blocker ajmaline, calcium channel blocker verapamil or hypothermia (32°C) were used to pharmacologically mimic the genetic defects and conditions associated with JWS, thus eliciting prominent J waves and provoking VT/VF. Results Acacetin (5–10 μM) reduced Ito density, AP notch and J wave area and totally suppressed the electrocardiographic and arrhythmic manifestation of both BrS and ERS, regardless of the experimental model used. In wedge and whole-heart models of JWS, increasing Ito with NS5806, decreasing INa or ICa (with ajmaline or verapamil) or hypothermia all resulted in accentuation of epicardial AP notch and ECG J waves, resulting in characteristic BrS and ERS phenotypes. Phase 2-reentrant extrasystoles originating from the RVOT triggered VT/VF. The J waves in leads V1 and V2 were never associated with a delay of RVOT activation and always coincided with the appearance of the AP notch recorded from RVOT epicardium. All repolarization defects giving rise to VT/VF in the BrS and ERS models were reversed by acacetin, resulting in total suppression of VT/VF. Conclusions We present experimental models of BrS and ERS capable of recapitulating all of the ECG and arrhythmic manifestations of the JWS. Our findings provide definitive support for the repolarization but not the depolarization hypothesis proposed to underlie BrS and point to acacetin as a promising new pharmacologic treatment for JWS.
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Natsume N, Yonezawa T, Woo JT, Teruya T. Effect of pinocembrin isolated from Alpinia zerumbet on osteoblast differentiation. Cytotechnology 2020; 73:10.1007/s10616-020-00427-2. [PMID: 33029744 PMCID: PMC8166995 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-020-00427-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone mass is regulated by osteoblast-mediated bone formation and osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. Osteoporosis is a bone metabolism disorder in which bone mass decreases due to increased bone resorption rather than bone formation. We focused on the traditional plant Alpinia zerumbet in Okinawa, Japan, and searched for promising compounds for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Pinocembrin isolated from the leaves of A. zerumbet showed enhanced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralization and increased mRNA expression of osteoblast-related genes Alp and Osteocalcin (Ocn) in MC3T3-E1 cells. Pinocembrin increased the mRNA expression of Runx2 and Osterix, which are important transcription factors in osteoblast differentiation, and the mRNA expression of Dlx5 and Msx2, which are enhancers of these transcription factors. The bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonist noggin, its receptor kinase inhibitor LDN-193189 and p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 attenuated pinocembrin-promoted ALP activity. Pinocembrin increased the mRNA of Bmp-2 and its target gene Id1. In addition, the estrogen receptor (ER) inhibitor ICI182780 suppressed pinocembrin-stimulated ALP activity. Pinocembrin may increase BMP-2 expression via ER. Then, the BMP-2 promotes osteoblast specific genes expression and mineralization through both Smad-dependent and independent pathway following Runx2 and Osterix induction. Our findings suggest that pinocembrin has bone anabolic effects and may be useful for the prevention and treatment of bone metabolic diseases such as osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Natsume
- Graduate School of Engineering and Science, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan
| | - Takayuki Yonezawa
- Research Institute for Biological Functions, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto, Kasugai, Aichi, 487-8501, Japan.
| | - Je-Tae Woo
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto, Kasugai, Aichi, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Teruya
- Graduate School of Engineering and Science, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan
- Faculty of Education, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan
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Hussain A, Gilloteaux J. The human testes: Estrogen and ageing outlooks. TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH IN ANATOMY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tria.2020.100073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Acacetin, a flavone with diverse therapeutic potential in cancer, inflammation, infections and other metabolic disorders. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 145:111708. [PMID: 32866514 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acacetin is a di-hydroxy and mono-methoxy flavone present in various plants, including black locust, Damiana, Silver birch. Literature information revealed that acacetin exhibits an array of pharmacological potential including chemopreventive and cytotoxic properties in cancer cell lines, prevents ischemia/reperfusion/myocardial infarction-induced cardiac injury, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), 1-methyl-4-phenyl pyridinium ion (MPP+) and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine hydrochloride (MPTP)-induced neuroinflammation, LPS and sepsis-induced lung injury, rheumatoid and collagen-induced arthritis, inhibit the microbial growth, obesity, viral-mediated infections as well as hepatic protection. PURPOSE This review highlights the therapeutic potential of acacetin, with updated and comprehensive information on the biological sources, chemistry, and pharmacological properties along with the possible mechanism of action, safety aspects, and future research opportunities. STUDY DESIGN The information was retrieved from various search engines, including Pubmed, SciFinder, Science direct, Inxight:drugs, Google scholar, and Meta cyc. RESULT The first section of this review focuses on the detailed biological source of acacetin, chromatographic techniques used for isolation, chemical characteristics, the method for the synthesis of acacetin, and the available natural and synthetic derivatives. Subsequently, the pharmacological activities, including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-microbial, anti-obesity, have been discussed. The pharmacokinetics data and toxicity profile of acacetin are also discussed. CONCLUSION Acacetin is a potent molecule reported for its strong anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activity, however further scientific evidence is essential to validate its potency in disease models associated with inflammation and cancer. There is limited information available for toxicity profiling of acacetin; therefore, further studies would aid in establishing this natural flavone as a potent candidate for research studies at clinical setup.
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Shokri V, Jalili C, Raissi F, Akhshi N, Ghanbari A. Evaluating the effects of acacetin versus a low dose of cisplatin drug on male reproductive system and kidney in mice: With emphasis on inflammation process. Andrologia 2019; 52:e13444. [DOI: 10.1111/and.13444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Shokri
- Student Research Committee Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran
| | - Cyrus Jalili
- Department of Anatomical Sciences Medical School Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran
| | - Farshid Raissi
- Department of Pathology Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran
| | - Nasim Akhshi
- Student Research Committee Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran
| | - Ali Ghanbari
- Department of Anatomical Sciences Medical School Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran
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Plant-Derived Supplements for Sexual Health and Problems, Part 2: Further Evidence for Specific Herbal Effects. CURRENT SEXUAL HEALTH REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11930-019-00204-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Ye Q, Liu K, Shen Q, Li Q, Hao J, Han F, Jiang RW. Reversal of Multidrug Resistance in Cancer by Multi-Functional Flavonoids. Front Oncol 2019; 9:487. [PMID: 31245292 PMCID: PMC6581719 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) resulting from different defensive mechanisms in cancer is one of the major obstacles of clinical treatment. To circumvent MDR many reversal agents have been developed, but most of them fail in clinical trials due to severely adverse effects. Recently, certain natural products have been reported to overcome MDR, including flavonoids which are abundant in plants, foods, and herbs. The structure of flavonoids can be abbreviated as C6-C3-C6 (C for carbon), and further categorized into flavonoids, iso-flavonoids and neo-flavonoids, according to their structural backbones. Flavonoids possess multiple bioactivities, and a growing body of research has indicated that both flavonoids and iso-flavonoids can either kill or re-sensitize conventional chemotherapeutics to resistant cancer cells. Here, we summarize the research and discuss the underlying mechanisms, concluding that these flavonoids do not function as specific regulators of target proteins, but rather as multi-functional agents that negatively regulate the key factors contributing to MDR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kai Liu
- Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Qun Shen
- Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, China
| | | | - Jinghui Hao
- Jiaozuo Second People's Hospital, Jiaozuo, China
| | | | - Ren-Wang Jiang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Palacios S, Soler E, Ramírez M, Lilue M, Khorsandi D, Losa F. Effect of a multi-ingredient based food supplement on sexual function in women with low sexual desire. BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2019; 19:58. [PMID: 31039769 PMCID: PMC6492381 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-019-0755-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Studies have demonstrated that women with low desire and low excitement have negative feelings regarding their physical and emotional satisfaction, as well as their happiness. In this study, we evaluate the efficacy of Libicare® - a multi-ingredient food supplement - to improve sexual function in postmenopausal women. Methods This was an exploratory, prospective, non-controlled, observational study. Postmenopausal women aged 45–65 with a risk of sexual dysfunction (Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) < 25.83) were included during routine clinical visits and treated with 2 tablets of Libicare® daily for 2 months. Libicare® is an oral food supplement containing Trigonella foenum graecum, Turnera diffusa, Tribulus terrestris, and Ginkgo biloba dry extracts. Primary endpoint: change vs. baseline in FSFI score. Secondary endpoints: 1) changes in testosterone and serum steroid levels of free testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels and 2) tolerability. Results A total of 29 patients (mean age: 54.69 years) were included. FSFI mean (SD) score showed a significant increase: 20.15 (4.48) vs 25.03 (6.94), baseline vs final; p = 0.0011, paired t-test. Most patients (86.2%) increased their FSFI score. All FSFI domains, except dyspareunia, showed significant increases. The highest increase was observed in the desire domain (p = 0.0004). Testosterone and SHBG levels were assessed in 21 patients. A significant increase in testosterone level was observed: 0.41 (0.26) vs. 0.50 (0.34) pg/mL, baseline vs. final; p = 0.038, Wilcoxon test. 52.4% of patients increased their testosterone levels. Finally, a significant decrease was observed in SHBG level: 85 (32.9) vs. 73 (26.8) nmol/L, baseline vs. final; p = 0.0001; paired t-test. 95.2% of patients decreased their SHBG levels. Conclusion In this pilot study, a significant improvement in sexual function and related hormone levels was observed with Libicare®. Further studies must be conducted to confirm these exciting results. Trial registration Current Controlled Trial ISRCTN12928573. Date of registration: 28/March/2019. Retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Palacios
- Gynaecology and Obstetrics Department, Palacios' Institute of Women's Health, C/Antonio Acuña 9, E-28009, Madrid, Spain.
| | - E Soler
- Gynaecology and Obstetrics Department, Palacios' Institute of Women's Health, C/Antonio Acuña 9, E-28009, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Ramírez
- Gynaecology and Obstetrics Department, Palacios' Institute of Women's Health, C/Antonio Acuña 9, E-28009, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Lilue
- Gynaecology and Obstetrics Department, Palacios' Institute of Women's Health, C/Antonio Acuña 9, E-28009, Madrid, Spain
| | - D Khorsandi
- Procare Health Iberia, Medical department, Barcelona, Spain.,University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Losa
- Clínica de la Sagrada Familia, Barcelona, Spain
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Cytotoxic Properties of Damiana ( Turnera diffusa) Extracts and Constituents and A Validated Quantitative UHPLC-DAD Assay. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24050855. [PMID: 30823394 PMCID: PMC6429218 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24050855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In our continuing search for new cytotoxic agents, we assayed extracts, fractions, and pure compounds from damiana (Turnera diffusa) against multiple myeloma (NCI-H929, U266, and MM1S) cell lines. After a first liquid-liquid solvent extraction, the ethyl acetate layer of an acetone (70%) crude extract was identified as the most active fraction. Further separation of the active fraction led to the isolation of naringenin (1), three apigenin coumaroyl glucosides 2–4, and five flavone aglycones 5–9. Naringenin (1) and apigenin 7-O-(4″-O-p-E-coumaroyl)-glucoside (4) showed significant cytotoxic effects against the tested myeloma cell lines. Additionally, we established a validated ultra-high performance liquid chromatography diode array detector (UHPLC-DAD) method for the quantification of the isolated components in the herb and in traditional preparations of T. diffusa.
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Chaurasiya ND, Zhao J, Pandey P, Doerksen RJ, Muhammad I, Tekwani BL. Selective Inhibition of Human Monoamine Oxidase B by Acacetin 7-Methyl Ether Isolated from Turnera diffusa (Damiana). Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24040810. [PMID: 30813423 PMCID: PMC6412401 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24040810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The investigation of the constituents that were isolated from Turnera diffusa (damiana) for their inhibitory activities against recombinant human monoamine oxidases (MAO-A and MAO-B) in vitro identified acacetin 7-methyl ether as a potent selective inhibitor of MAO-B (IC50 = 198 nM). Acacetin 7-methyl ether (also known as 5-hydroxy-4′, 7-dimethoxyflavone) is a naturally occurring flavone that is present in many plants and vegetables. Acacetin 7-methyl ether was four-fold less potent as an inhibitor of MAO-B when compared to acacetin (IC50 = 50 nM). However, acacetin 7-methyl ether was >500-fold selective against MAO-B over MAO-A as compared to only two-fold selectivity shown by acacetin. Even though the IC50 for inhibition of MAO-B by acacetin 7-methyl ether was ~four-fold higher than that of the standard drug deprenyl (i.e., SelegilineTM or ZelaparTM, a selective MAO-B inhibitor), acacetin 7-methyl ether’s selectivity for MAO-B over MAO-A inhibition was greater than that of deprenyl (>500- vs. 450-fold). The binding of acacetin 7-methyl ether to MAO-B was reversible and time-independent, as revealed by enzyme-inhibitor complex equilibrium dialysis assays. The investigation on the enzyme inhibition-kinetics analysis with varying concentrations of acacetin 7-methyl ether and the substrate (kynuramine) suggested a competitive mechanism of inhibition of MAO-B by acacetin 7-methyl ether with Ki value of 45 nM. The docking scores and binding-free energies of acacetin 7-methyl ether to the X-ray crystal structures of MAO-A and MAO-B confirmed the selectivity of binding of this molecule to MAO-B over MAO-A. In addition, molecular dynamics results also revealed that acacetin 7-methyl ether formed a stable and strong complex with MAO-B. The selective inhibition of MAO-B suggests further investigations on acacetin 7-methyl as a potential new drug lead for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayan D Chaurasiya
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA.
| | - Jianping Zhao
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA.
| | - Pankaj Pandey
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA.
| | - Robert J Doerksen
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA.
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA.
| | - Ilias Muhammad
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA.
| | - Babu L Tekwani
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA.
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA.
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Chemical Diversity and Biological Activity of African Propolis. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 109:415-450. [PMID: 31637531 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-12858-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Natural remedies have for centuries played a significant role in traditional medicine and continue to be a unique reservoir of new chemical entities in drug discovery and development research. Propolis is a natural substance, collected by bees mainly from plant resins, which has a long history of use as a folk remedy to treat a variety of ailments. The highly variable phytochemical composition of propolis is attributed to differences in plant diversity within the geographic regions from which it is collected. Despite the fact that the last five decades has seen significant advancements in the understanding of the chemistry and biological activity of propolis, a search of the literature has revealed that studies on African propolis to date are rather limited. The aim of this contribution is to report on the current body of knowledge of African propolis, with a particular emphasis on its chemistry and biological activity. As Africa is a continent with a rich flora and a vast diversity of ecosystems, there is a wide range of propolis phytochemicals that may be exploited in the development of new drug scaffolds.
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Nielsen AJ, McNulty J. Polyphenolic natural products and natural product–inspired steroidal mimics as aromatase inhibitors. Med Res Rev 2018; 39:1274-1293. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J. Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical BiologyMcMaster UniversityHamilton Ontario Canada
| | - James McNulty
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical BiologyMcMaster UniversityHamilton Ontario Canada
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South American herbal extracts reduce food intake through modulation of gastrointestinal hormones in overweight and obese women. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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Wang J, Li Y, Yang Y, Chen X, Du J, Zheng Q, Liang Z, Wang Y. A New Strategy for Deleting Animal drugs from Traditional Chinese Medicines based on Modified Yimusake Formula. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1504. [PMID: 28473709 PMCID: PMC5431437 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01613-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), such as Uyghur Medicine (UM) has been used in clinical treatment for many years. TCM is featured as multiple targets and complex mechanisms of action, which is normally a combination of medicinal herbs and sometimes even contains certain rare animal medicinal ingredients. A question arises as to whether these animal materials can be removed replaced from TCM applications due to their valuable rare resources or animal ethics. Here, we select a classical UM Yimusake formula, which contains 3 animal drugs and other 8 herbs, and has got wealthy experience and remarkable achievements in treating erectile dysfunction (ED) in China. The active components, drug targets and therapeutic mechanisms have been comprehensively analyzed by systems-pharmacology methods. Additionally, to validate the inhibitory effects of all candidate compounds on their related targets, in vitro experiments, computational analysis and molecular dynamics simulations were performed. The results show that the modified, original and three animal materials display very similar mechanisms for an effective treatment of ED, indicating that it is quite possible to remove these three animal drugs from the original formula while still keep its efficiency. This work provides a new attempt for deleting animal materials from TCM, which should be important for optimization of traditional medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic Phytomedicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Shihezi University, Ministry of Education, Shihezi, 832002, China
- Key laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic Phytomedicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Shihezi University, Ministry of Education, Shihezi, 832002, China.
- Key laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
| | - Yinfeng Yang
- Key laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Xuetong Chen
- College of Life Science of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Jian Du
- Key laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Qiusheng Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic Phytomedicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Shihezi University, Ministry of Education, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Zongsuo Liang
- College of Life Science of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Yonghua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic Phytomedicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Shihezi University, Ministry of Education, Shihezi, 832002, China.
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Parra-Naranjo A, Delgado-Montemayor C, Fraga-López A, Castañeda-Corral G, Salazar-Aranda R, Acevedo-Fernández JJ, Waksman N. Acute Hypoglycemic and Antidiabetic Effect of Teuhetenone A Isolated from Turnera diffusa. Molecules 2017; 22:E599. [PMID: 28397755 PMCID: PMC6154680 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22040599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic degenerative disease that causes long-term complications and represents a serious public health problem. Turnera diffusa (damiana) is a shrub that grows throughout Mexico and is traditionally used for many illnesses including diabetes. Although a large number of plant metabolites are known, there are no reports indicating which of these are responsible for this activity, and this identification was the objective of the present work. Through bioassay-guided fractionation of a methanolic extract obtained from the aerial part of T. diffusa, teuhetenone A was isolated and identified as the main metabolite responsible for the plant's hypoglycemic activity. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity and cytotoxicity of this metabolite were determined. Hypoglycemic and antidiabetic activities were evaluated in a murine model of diabetes in vivo, by monitoring glucose levels for six hours and comparing them with levels after administering various controls. Teuhetenone A was not cytotoxic at the tested concentrations, and did not show inhibitory activity in the glucosidase test, and the in vivo assays showed a gradual reduction in glucose levels in normoglycemic and diabetic mice. Considering these results, we suggest that teuhetenone A has potential as an antidiabetic compound, which could be further submitted to preclinical assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aída Parra-Naranjo
- Departmento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, N.L., C.P. 64460, Mexico.
| | - Cecilia Delgado-Montemayor
- Departmento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, N.L., C.P. 64460, Mexico.
| | - Alejandra Fraga-López
- Departmento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, N.L., C.P. 64460, Mexico.
| | - Gabriela Castañeda-Corral
- Depto. de Fisiología y Fisiopatología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Calle Leñeros s/n, Col. Los Volcanes, Cuernavaca Mor. C.P. 62350, Mexico.
| | - Ricardo Salazar-Aranda
- Departmento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, N.L., C.P. 64460, Mexico.
| | - Juan José Acevedo-Fernández
- Depto. de Fisiología y Fisiopatología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Calle Leñeros s/n, Col. Los Volcanes, Cuernavaca Mor. C.P. 62350, Mexico.
| | - Noemi Waksman
- Departmento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, N.L., C.P. 64460, Mexico.
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Lall N, Mogapi E, de Canha MN, Crampton B, Nqephe M, Hussein AA, Kumar V. Insights into tyrosinase inhibition by compounds isolated from Greyia radlkoferi Szyszyl using biological activity, molecular docking and gene expression analysis. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:5953-5959. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Souza NC, de Oliveira JM, Morrone MDS, Albanus RD, Amarante MDSM, Camillo CDS, Langassner SMZ, Gelain DP, Moreira JCF, Dalmolin RJS, de Bittencourt Pasquali MA. Turnera subulata Anti-Inflammatory Properties in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Macrophages. J Med Food 2016; 19:922-930. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2016.0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Natália Cabral Souza
- Institute of Tropical Medicine of Rio Grande do Norte, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Juliana Medeiros de Oliveira
- Institute of Tropical Medicine of Rio Grande do Norte, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo D'Oliveira Albanus
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | | | | | - Daniel Pens Gelain
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Matheus Augusto de Bittencourt Pasquali
- Institute of Tropical Medicine of Rio Grande do Norte, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
- Department of Food Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil
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Ali F, Rahul, Naz F, Jyoti S, Siddique YH. Health functionality of apigenin: A review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2016.1207188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Prosexual Effect of Chrysactinia mexicana A. Gray (Asteraceae), False Damiana, in a Model of Male Sexual Behavior. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:2987917. [PMID: 27656650 PMCID: PMC5021457 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2987917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chrysactinia mexicana A. Gray (Asteraceae) and Turnera diffusa Willd (Turneraceae) are employed in traditional medicine as aphrodisiacs; however, there is no scientific evidence supporting the prosexual properties of C. mexicana. The aim of this study was to determine whether an aqueous extract of C. mexicana (Cm) stimulates rat male sexual behavior in the sexual exhaustion paradigm. Sexually exhausted (SExh) male rats were treated with Cm (80, 160, and 320 mg/kg), an aqueous extract of T. diffusa (Td), or yohimbine. The sexual exhaustion state in the control group was characterized by a low percentage of males exhibiting mounts, intromissions, and ejaculations and no males demonstrating mating behavior after ejaculation. Cm (320 mg/kg), Td, or yohimbine significantly increased the proportion of SExh rats that ejaculated and resumed copulation after ejaculation. In males that exhibited reversal of sexual exhaustion, Cm (320 mg/kg) improved sexual performance by reducing the number of intromissions and shrinking ejaculation latency. The effects of treatments on sexual behavior were not related with alterations in general locomotion. In conclusion, the prosexual effects of Cm, as well as those of Td, are established at a central level, which supports the traditional use of C. mexicana for stimulating sexual activity.
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Bezerra AG, Negri G, Duarte-Almeida JM, Smaili SS, Carlini EA. Phytochemical analysis of hydroethanolic extract of Turnera diffusa Willd and evaluation of its effects on astrocyte cell death. EINSTEIN-SAO PAULO 2016; 14:56-63. [PMID: 27074236 PMCID: PMC4872919 DOI: 10.1590/s1679-45082016ao3386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the phytochemical composition of hydroethanolic extracts from powdered aerial parts of Turnera diffusa Willd (Turneraceae; T. diffusa), as well as its toxicity in astrocytes. METHODS Chemical analyses of hydroethanolic extract from powdered aerial parts ofT. diffusa were carried out using HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS.In vitro assays using astrocytes culture were performed to evaluate cell death. RESULTS Flavone-C, O-diglycosides, such as, luteolin-8-C-[6-deoxy-2-O-rhamnosyl]-xylo-hexos-3-uloside, apigenin-8-C-[6-deoxy-2-O-rhamnosyl]-xylo-hexos-3-uloside and apigenin-7-O-6"-p-coumaroylglucoside were the main compounds found in this hydroethanolic extract. Concentration time-effect demonstrated the toxicity of this extract at a concentration of 1,000µg/mL in astrocyte culture, after 6 and 24 hours of incubation. CONCLUSION In phytochemical analyses, important antioxidants (mainly flavonoids) were observed. T. diffusa extracts presented cytotoxic effect in high concentrations, leading to increased cell death in astrocyte culture.
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Development and validation of a highly sensitive LC–MS/MS method for the determination of acacetin in human plasma and its application to a protein binding study. Arch Pharm Res 2015; 39:213-220. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-015-0697-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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West E, Krychman M. Natural Aphrodisiacs—A Review of Selected Sexual Enhancers. Sex Med Rev 2015; 3:279-288. [DOI: 10.1002/smrj.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Marković S, Tošović J. Application of Time-Dependent Density Functional and Natural Bond Orbital Theories to the UV–vis Absorption Spectra of Some Phenolic Compounds. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:9352-62. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b05129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Marković
- Faculty
of Science, University of Kragujevac, 12 Radoja Domanovića, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Jelena Tošović
- Faculty
of Science, University of Kragujevac, 12 Radoja Domanovića, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
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A molecular docking study of phytochemical estrogen mimics from dietary herbal supplements. In Silico Pharmacol 2015; 3:4. [PMID: 25878948 PMCID: PMC4397262 DOI: 10.1186/s40203-015-0008-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to use a molecular docking approach to identify potential estrogen mimics or anti-estrogens in phytochemicals found in popular dietary herbal supplements. METHODS In this study, 568 phytochemicals found in 17 of the most popular herbal supplements sold in the United States were built and docked with two isoforms of the estrogen receptor, ERα and ERβ (a total of 27 different protein crystal structures). RESULTS The docking results revealed six strongly docking compounds in Echinacea, three from milk thistle (Silybum marianum), three from Gingko biloba, one from Sambucus nigra, none from maca (Lepidium meyenii), five from chaste tree (Vitex agnus-castus), two from fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum), and two from Rhodiola rosea. Notably, of the most popular herbal supplements for women, there were numerous compounds that docked strongly with the estrogen receptor: Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) had a total of 26 compounds strongly docking to the estrogen receptor, 15 with wild yam (Dioscorea villosa), 11 from black cohosh (Actaea racemosa), eight from muira puama (Ptychopetalum olacoides or P. uncinatum), eight from red clover (Trifolium pratense), three from damiana (Turnera aphrodisiaca or T. diffusa), and three from dong quai (Angelica sinensis). Of possible concern were the compounds from men's herbal supplements that exhibited strong docking to the estrogen receptor: Gingko biloba had three compounds, gotu kola (Centella asiatica) had two, muira puama (Ptychopetalum olacoides or P. uncinatum) had eight, and Tribulus terrestris had six compounds. CONCLUSIONS This molecular docking study has revealed that almost all popular herbal supplements contain phytochemical components that may bind to the human estrogen receptor and exhibit selective estrogen receptor modulation. As such, these herbal supplements may cause unwanted side effects related to estrogenic activity.
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Avelino-Flores MDC, Cruz-López MDC, Jiménez-Montejo FE, Reyes-Leyva J. Cytotoxic activity of the methanolic extract of Turnera diffusa Willd on breast cancer cells. J Med Food 2014; 18:299-305. [PMID: 25299247 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2013.0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Turnera diffusa Willd, commonly known as Damiana, is employed in traditional medicine as a stimulant, aphrodisiac, and diuretic. Its leaves and stems are used for flavoring and infusion. Damiana is considered to be safe for medicinal use by the FDA. Pharmacological studies have established the hypoglycemic, antiaromatase, prosexual, estrogenic, antibacterial, and antioxidant activity of T. diffusa. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possible cytotoxic effect of extracts and organic fractions of this plant on five tumor cell lines (SiHa, C-33, Hep G2, MDA-MB-231, and T-47D) and normal human fibroblasts. The results show that the methanolic extract (TdM) displayed greater activity on MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells (with an IC50 of 30.67 μg/mL) than on the other cancer cell lines. Four organic fractions of this extract exhibited activity on this cancer cell line. In the most active fraction (F4), two active compounds were isolated, arbutin (1) and apigenin (2). This is the first report of a cytotoxic effect by T. diffusa on cancer cells. The IC50 values suggest that the methanolic extract of T. diffusa has potential as an anticancer therapy.
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Szewczyk K, Zidorn C. Ethnobotany, phytochemistry, and bioactivity of the genus Turnera (Passifloraceae) with a focus on damiana--Turnera diffusa. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 152:424-43. [PMID: 24468305 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Half a dozen of the currently accepted 135 Turnera species are used in traditional medicine, most notably Turnera diffusa Willd. ex Schult. which is one of the most highly appreciated plant aphrodisiacs. Other traditional uses of Turnera L. species include the treatment of anaemia, bronchitis, cough, diabetes, fever, fungal disease, gastrointestinal complaints, pain, pulmonary and respiratory diseases, skin disorders, and women׳s health problems. Additionally, Turnera species are used as abortives, expectorants, and laxatives. PHYTOCHEMISTRY Flavonoids (22 different compounds), maltol glucoside, phenolics, cyanogenic glycosides (7 different compounds), monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, triterpenoids, the polyterpene ficaprenol-11, fatty acids, and caffeine have been found in the genus Turnera. BIOACTIVITY Bioactivities experimentally proven for members of the genus Turnera encompass antianxiety, antiaromatase, antibacterial including antimycobacterial, antidiabetic, antioxidant, adapatogenic, antiobesity, antispasmodic, cytotoxic, gastroprotective, hepatoprotective, and aphrodisiac activities. Most of these activities have so far been investigated only in chemical, cell based, or animal assays. In contrast, the antiobesity activity was also investigated in a study on healthy human subjects and with a herbal preparation containing among other ingredients Turnera diffusa leaves. Moreover, the enhancement of female sexual function was assessed in humans; again the product contained besides Turnera diffusa other potentially bioactive ingredients. However, with only few exceptions, most of the traditional uses and the experimentally verified bioactivities can currently not be related to a particular compound or compound class. A notable exception is the flavonoid apigenin, which was identified animal experiments as the antinociceptive principle of Turnera diffusa. CONCLUSION In this review, the current knowledge on ethnobotanical uses of members of the genus Turnera, the secondary metabolites reported from Turnera, and experimentally documented bioactivities from Turnera extracts and pure compounds derived from Turnera extracts are compiled. Moreover, some of the most interesting avenues for future research projects are being discussed briefly. These include in particular the aphrodisiac activity of Turnera diffusa and the antibiotic activity potentiating effect of Turnera ulmifolia L. against aminoglycoside resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Szewczyk
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1 St, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Christian Zidorn
- Institut für Pharmazie der Universität Innsbruck, Abteilung Pharmakognosie, Innrain 80/82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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Pinocembrin: a novel natural compound with versatile pharmacological and biological activities. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:379850. [PMID: 23984355 PMCID: PMC3747598 DOI: 10.1155/2013/379850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Pinocembrin (5,7-dihydroxyflavanone) is one of the primary flavonoids isolated from the variety of plants, mainly from Pinus heartwood, Eucalyptus, Populus, Euphorbia, and Sparattosperma leucanthum, in the diverse flora and purified by various chromatographic techniques. Pinocembrin is a major flavonoid molecule incorporated as multifunctional in the pharmaceutical industry. Its vast range of pharmacological activities has been well researched including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. In addition, pinocembrin can be used as neuroprotective against cerebral ischemic injury with a wide therapeutic time window, which may be attributed to its antiexcitotoxic effects. Pinocembrin exhibits pharmacological effects on almost all systems, and our aim is to review the pharmacological and therapeutic applications of pinocembrin with specific emphasis on mechanisms of actions. The design of new drugs based on the pharmacological effects of pinocembrin could be beneficial. This review suggests that pinocembrin is a potentially promising pharmacological candidate, but additional studies and clinical trials are required to determine its specific intracellular sites of action and derivative targets in order to fully understand the mechanism of its anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and apoptotic effects to further validate its medical applications.
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Zhao H, Chen Z. Screening of aromatase inhibitors in traditional Chinese medicines by electrophoretically mediated microanalysis in a partially filled capillary. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:2691-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201300474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery; Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan China
| | - Zilin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery; Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan China
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Arora A, Kumar A, Raza MN. 'Legal high' associated Wallenberg syndrome. BMJ Case Rep 2013; 2013:bcr-2013-009693. [PMID: 23709150 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2013-009693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
'Legal highs' are substances of synthetic or natural origin having psychotropic properties. 'Legal highs' are often new and, in many cases, the actual chemical ingredients in a branded product can be changed without notifications and the risks are unpredictable. Acute recreational drug toxicity is a common reason for presentation to both hospital and prehospital medical services. It appears that, generally, the pattern of toxicity associated with 'legal highs' is broadly similar to that seen with classical stimulant recreational drugs such as cocaine, MDMA (3,4 methylenedioxy-N-methyl amphetamine) and amphetamine. Lack of clear literature pertaining to their chemical properties, pharmacology and toxicology makes an evaluation of their effects difficult. We describe a unique case in which consumption of such a substance led to hospital admission and a diagnosis of 'lateral medullary stroke' or 'Wallenberg syndrome'. We believe that this is the first described case of a 'legal high' intake linked to a posterior circulation stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Arora
- Acute Medicine, Frenchay Hospital, Bristol, UK.
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Xu Y, Chen G, Lu X, Li ZQ, Su SS, Zhou C, Pei YH. Chemical constituents from Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2012.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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43
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Wilhite M. Vaginal Dryness. Integr Med (Encinitas) 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4377-1793-8.00109-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Khan SI, Zhao J, Khan IA, Walker LA, Dasmahapatra AK. Potential utility of natural products as regulators of breast cancer-associated aromatase promoters. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2011; 9:91. [PMID: 21693041 PMCID: PMC3142499 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-9-91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aromatase, the key enzyme in estrogen biosynthesis, converts androstenedione to estrone and testosterone to estradiol. The enzyme is expressed in various tissues such as ovary, placenta, bone, brain, skin, and adipose tissue. Aromatase enzyme is encoded by a single gene CYP 19A1 and its expression is controlled by tissue-specific promoters. Aromatase mRNA is primarily transcribed from promoter I.4 in normal breast tissue and physiological levels of aromatase are found in breast adipose stromal fibroblasts. Under the conditions of breast cancer, as a result of the activation of a distinct set of aromatase promoters (I.3, II, and I.7) aromatase expression is enhanced leading to local overproduction of estrogen that promotes breast cancer. Aromatase is considered as a potential target for endocrine treatment of breast cancer but due to nonspecific reduction of aromatase activity in other tissues, aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are associated with undesirable side effects such as bone loss, and abnormal lipid metabolism. Inhibition of aromatase expression by inactivating breast tumor-specific aromatase promoters can selectively block estrogen production at the tumor site. Although several synthetic chemical compounds and nuclear receptor ligands are known to inhibit the activity of the tumor-specific aromatase promoters, further development of more specific and efficacious drugs without adverse effects is still warranted. Plants are rich in chemopreventive agents that have a great potential to be used in chemotherapy for hormone dependent breast cancer which could serve as a source for natural AIs. In this brief review, we summarize the studies on phytochemicals such as biochanin A, genistein, quercetin, isoliquiritigenin, resveratrol, and grape seed extracts related to their effect on the activation of breast cancer-associated aromatase promoters and discuss their aromatase inhibitory potential to be used as safer chemotherapeutic agents for specific hormone-dependent breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabana I Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Jianping Zhao
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Ikhlas A Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Larry A Walker
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA
- University of Mississippi Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Asok K Dasmahapatra
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA
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Pino JA. Essential Oil of Turnera Ulmifolia Leaves from Cuba. Nat Prod Commun 2010. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1000501128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemical composition of the volatile compounds from the leaves of Turnera ulmifolia L. (Turneraceae) from Cuba was studied by GC and GC/MS. Sixty-four volatile compounds were identified, of which the major ones were β-caryophyllene (21.5%) and ( Z)-3-hexen-1-ol (18.4%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A. Pino
- Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Alimentaria, Carretera al Guatao km 3½, La Habana 19200, Cuba
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