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Shi R, Gao S, Huang H, Jiang K, Wang D. Integrating network pharmacology with microRNA microarray analysis to identify the role of miRNAs in thrombosis treated by the Dahuang Zhechong pill. Comput Biol Med 2024; 173:108338. [PMID: 38531252 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thrombotic diseases are the leading causes of death worldwide, urging for improvements in treatment strategies. Dahuang Zhechong pill (DHZCP) is a traditional Chinese medicine widely used for treating thrombotic diseases; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the potential mechanisms of DHZCP in treating thrombosis with a focus on bioinformatics and miRNAs. METHODS We used network pharmacology to explore the targets of thrombosis treated with DHZCP and performed microarray analysis to acquire miRNA profiles and predict the target genes in thrombin-stimulated MEG-01 cells treated with DHZCP. Based on the overlapping of targets, we carried out a component-target-miRNA network and enrichment analysis and validated the selected miRNAs and mRNAs using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Our data showed 850 targets of 230 active ingredients of DHZCP and 1214 thrombosis-related genes; 235 targets were common. We identified 32 miRNAs that were regulated by thrombin stimulation but regulated reversely by DHZCP treatment in MEG-01 cells, and predicted 1846 targets with function annotation. We analyzed conjointly 23 integrating targets from network pharmacology and microarray. HIF1A, PIK3CA, MAPK1 and BCL2L1 emerged as key nodes in the network diagrams. We confirmed the differential expression of seven miRNAs, one mRNA (BCL2L1) and platelet surface protein. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that miRNAs and their targets, such as BCL2L1, played crucial roles in platelet activation during DHZCP intervention in thrombosis, highlighting their potential to alleviate platelet activation and increase cell apoptosis. The study's findings could help develop new strategies for improving thrombosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Shi
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Gan of State Administration, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
| | - Shan Gao
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Gan of State Administration, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Huichao Huang
- Department of Infectious Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Ke Jiang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Gan of State Administration, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Gan of State Administration, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
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Dai C, Chen X, Qian S, Fan Y, Li L, Yuan J. Dysbiosis of intestinal homeostasis contribute to Whitmania pigra edema disease. Microb Biotechnol 2023; 16:1940-1956. [PMID: 37410351 PMCID: PMC10527190 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Whitmania pigra is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. However, W. pigra is being threatened by an edema disease with unknown causes (WPE). In this study, a comprehensive exploration of virome, microbiome, and metabolome aberrations in the intestine of W. pigra was performed to address the aetiology of WPE. Virome analysis indicated that eukaryotic viruses did not contribute to WPE, whereas an expansion of Caudovirales was observed in WPE. Compared to the control, the microbial richness and diversity in diseased W. pigra decreased remarkably. Nine genera, including Aeromonas, Anaerotruncus, Vibrio, Proteocatella, Acinetobacter, and Brachyspira were overrepresented in WPE, whereas eleven genera, including Bifidobacterium, Phascolarctobacterium, Lactobacillus, Bacillus and AF12, were enriched in healthy individuals. Furthermore, certain metabolites, especially amino acids, short-chain fatty acids, and bile acids, were found to be linked to intestinal microbiota alterations in WPE. An integration of the microbiome and metabolome in WPE found that dysbiosis of the gut microbiota or metabolites caused WPE. Notably, W. pigra accepted intestinal microbiota transplantation from WPE donors developed WPE clinical signs eventually, and the dysbiotic intestinal microbiota can be recharacterized in this recipient W. pigra. Strikingly, pathological features of metanephridium and uraemic toxin enrichment in the gut indicated a putative interconnection between the gut and metanephridium in WPE, which represents the prototype of the gut-kidney axis in mammals. These finding exemplify the conservation of "microecological Koch's postulates" from annelids to insects and other vertebrates, which provides a direction of prevention and treatment for WPE and opens a new insight into the pathogenesis of aquatic animal diseases from an ecological perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caijiao Dai
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of FisheriesHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- National Aquatic Animal Diseases Para‐reference laboratory (HZAU)WuhanChina
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of FisheriesHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- National Aquatic Animal Diseases Para‐reference laboratory (HZAU)WuhanChina
| | - Shiyu Qian
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of FisheriesHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Hubei Engineering Research Centre for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and PreventionWuhanChina
| | - Yihui Fan
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of FisheriesHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Hubei Engineering Research Centre for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and PreventionWuhanChina
| | - Lijuan Li
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of FisheriesHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- National Aquatic Animal Diseases Para‐reference laboratory (HZAU)WuhanChina
- Hubei Engineering Research Centre for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and PreventionWuhanChina
| | - Junfa Yuan
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of FisheriesHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- National Aquatic Animal Diseases Para‐reference laboratory (HZAU)WuhanChina
- Hubei Engineering Research Centre for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and PreventionWuhanChina
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Shen T, Wang S, Liang Q, Sharp JS, Wei Z. Characterization and antioxidant activities of glycosaminoglycans from dried leech. Glycoconj J 2023; 40:169-178. [PMID: 36749437 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-023-10105-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Dried leech (Whitmania pigra whitman) has been widely used as a traditional animal-based Chinese medicine. Dried leech extracts have been reported to have various biological activities that are often associated with mammalian glycosaminoglycans. However, their presence and possible structural characteristics within dried leech were previously unknown. In this study, glycosaminoglycans were isolated from dried leech for the first time and their structures were analyzed by the combination of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, liquid chromatography-ion trap/time-of-flight mass spectrometry and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate were detected in dried leech with varied disaccharide compositions and possess a heterogeneous structure. Heparan sulfate species possess an equal amount of total 2-O-sulfated, N-sulfated and acetylated disaccharides, while chondroitin sulfate /dermatan sulfate contain high content of 4-O-sulfated disaccharides. Also, the quantitative analysis revealed that the contents of heparan sulfate and chondroitin/dermatan sulfate in dried leech varied significantly, with chondroitin/dermatan sulfate being by far the most abundant. This novel structural information could help clarify the possible involvement of these polysaccharides in the biological activities of the dried leech. Furthermore, leech glycosaminoglycans showed a strong ABTS radical scavenging ability, which suggests the potential of leech polysaccharides for exploitation in the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Shen
- Institute of Glycobiochemistry, National Engineering Research Centre of Chemical Fertilizer Catalyst, Fu Zhou University, 350002, Fu Zhou, P.R. China
| | - Shangteng Wang
- Institute of Glycobiochemistry, National Engineering Research Centre of Chemical Fertilizer Catalyst, Fu Zhou University, 350002, Fu Zhou, P.R. China
| | - Quntao Liang
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fu Zhou University, 350002, Fu Zhou, P.R. China.
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, 350002, Fuzhou, P.R. China.
| | - Joshua S Sharp
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, 38655, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Zheng Wei
- Institute of Glycobiochemistry, National Engineering Research Centre of Chemical Fertilizer Catalyst, Fu Zhou University, 350002, Fu Zhou, P.R. China.
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, 350002, Fuzhou, P.R. China.
- Institute of Glycobiochemistry, National Engineering Research Centre of Chemical Fertilizer Catalyst, Fuzhou University, 350002, Fuzhou, P.R. China.
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Tian Y, Ma B, Yu S, Li Y, Pei H, Tian S, Zhao X, Liu C, Zuo Z, Wang Z. Clinical antitumor application and pharmacological mechanisms of Dahuang Zhechong Pill. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
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Zhi W, Liu Y, Wang X, Zhang H. Recent advances of traditional Chinese medicine for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 301:115749. [PMID: 36181983 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Atherosclerosis (AS) is a common systemic disease with increasing morbidity and mortality worldwide. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with characteristics of multiple pathways and targets, presents advantages in the diagnosis and treatment of atherosclerosis. AIM OF THE STUDY With the modernization of TCM, the active ingredients and molecular mechanisms of TCM for AS treatment have been gradually revealed. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the existing studies on TCM therapies aimed at regulating AS over the past two decades. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using "atherosclerosis" and "Traditional Chinese medicine" as keywords, all relevant TCM literature published in the last 10 years was collected from electronic databases (such as Elsevier, Springer, PubMed, CNKI, and Web of Science), books and papers until March 2022, and the critical information was statistically analyzed. RESULTS In this review, we highlighted extracts of 8 single herbs, a total of 41 single active ingredients, 20 TCM formulae, and 25 patented drugs, which were described with chemical structure, source, model, efficacy and potential mechanism. CONCLUSION We summarized the cytopathological basis for the development of atherosclerosis involving vascular endothelial cells, macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells, and categorically elaborated the medicinal TCM used for AS, all of which provide the current evidence on the better management of atherosclerosis by TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbing Zhi
- Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Xi'an, 710003, PR China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Xi'an, 710003, PR China
| | - Xiumei Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Hong Zhang
- Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Xi'an, 710003, PR China.
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Kim BS, Jin S, Park JY, Kim SY. Scoping review of the medicinal effects of Eupolyphaga sinensis Walker and the underlying mechanisms. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 296:115454. [PMID: 35700853 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Eupolyphaga sinensis Walker (ES) is an insect widely used in traditional East Asian medicine known to exhibit clinical effects on various pathological conditions. Overall, ES is a useful medicinal insect that can treat various diseases, including cancer and immune diseases. However, further mechanistic studies based on its therapeutic effects in clinical settings are required. AIM OF THE STUDY We aimed to evaluate the current research landscape and diseases associated with ES to synthesize the clinical value of ES based on the associated diseases and underlying therapeutic mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Embase and PubMed databases were searched for experimental studies that evaluated the therapeutic efficacy or underlying mechanisms of ES until May 2021. The evidence for each study was summarized using a narrative synthesis approach. Studies on extracted or dried whole ES and ES-derived compounds were quantitatively analyzed by year and disease type. Meanwhile, the overall research trend was confirmed for studies on ES-containing prescriptions by visualizing the disease type analysis. RESULTS A total of 151 studies were identified, of which 51 were included in our review. There were 14 studies on extracted or dried whole ES, 15 on ES-derived compounds, and 22 on ES-containing prescriptions. ES was most commonly used for cancer-related diseases, followed by those related to endocrine function and immunity. ES regulates the cell cycle, tumor suppressor genes and proteins, immune-related biomarkers, and antioxidant molecules. CONCLUSIONS Overall, ES is a beneficial medicinal insect that can treat various diseases, including cancer and immune diseases. However, further mechanistic studies based on its therapeutic effects in clinical settings are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoung-Soo Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon, 34520, South Korea.
| | - Shihui Jin
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120, South Korea.
| | - Ji-Yeun Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon, 34520, South Korea.
| | - Song-Yi Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120, South Korea.
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Wang Z, Yang X, Gui S, Yang F, Cao Z, Cheng R, Xia X, Li C. The Roles and Mechanisms of lncRNAs in Liver Fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:779606. [PMID: 34899344 PMCID: PMC8652206 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.779606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can potentially regulate all aspects of cellular activity including differentiation and development, metabolism, proliferation, apoptosis, and activation, and benefited from advances in transcriptomic and genomic research techniques and database management technologies, its functions and mechanisms in physiological and pathological states have been widely reported. Liver fibrosis is typically characterized by a reversible wound healing response, often accompanied by an excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix. In recent years, a range of lncRNAs have been investigated and found to be involved in several cellular-level regulatory processes as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) that play an important role in the development of liver fibrosis. A variety of lncRNAs have also been shown to contribute to the altered cell cycle, proliferation profile associated with the accelerated development of liver fibrosis. This review aims to discuss the functions and mechanisms of lncRNAs in the development and regression of liver fibrosis, to explore the major lncRNAs involved in the signaling pathways regulating liver fibrosis, to elucidate the mechanisms mediated by lncRNA dysregulation and to provide new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifa Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoke Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Siyu Gui
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Fan Yang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhuo Cao
- The First Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Rong Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaowei Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Chuanying Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Hefei, China
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Xie J, Zhang D, Liu C, Wang L. A periodic review of chemical and pharmacological profiles of Tubiechong as insect Chinese medicine. RSC Adv 2021; 11:33952-33968. [PMID: 35497279 PMCID: PMC9042404 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05425b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tubiechong, in Chinese medicine, denotes the dried female insects of Eupolyphaga sinensis Walker (ESW) or Polyphaga plancyi Bolivar (PPB). As a traditional insect-type, in medicine, it has been historically utilized to treat bruises, fractures, amenorrhea, postpartum blood stasis, lumps and relieving pain. We herein have performed a systematic survey involving the chemical and biological studies in the past decades to reveal the value of such insect resources for their development and clinical utilization. Chemical studies indicated that Tubiechong generated many active compounds, including proteins, amino acids, peptides, fatty acids, alkaloids, nucleosides, polysaccharides, fat-soluble vitamins and mineral elements. Tubiechong or its extract has a wide range of activities including anticoagulation and anti-thrombosis, anti-tumor, antioxidant, immune regulation, blood lipid regulation and hepatoprotection. Finally, a periodic mini-review was conducted to summarize such chemical and pharmacological profiles of Tubiechong medicine. The active peptides in Tubiechong are majorly focused in this review and introduced as one important aspect since there is much literature and huge investigative interest in it. Traditional medical use of the insect was also stressed in this review associating with its disease-eliminating actions by promoting blood circulation or eliminating tissue-swelling pains, which might play important roles in anticancer practices or investigation. In accordance with the modern pharmacological progress, Tubiechong and its extracts indeed exerted antitumor actions through multiple pathways, such as interfering with tumor biological behaviors (growth, apoptosis, invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis), and regulating host immune function. To some extent, this knowledge would provide a basis for further research and application of Tubiechong medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing City Jiangsu Province 210023 P. R. China (+86)-15050581339
- Central Laboratory, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai City 200062 P. R. China (+86)-021-22233329
| | - Dapeng Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou City 510120 P. R. China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Central Laboratory, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai City 200062 P. R. China (+86)-021-22233329
| | - Lingchong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing City Jiangsu Province 210023 P. R. China (+86)-15050581339
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Dahuang Zhechong Pills Suppress Silicosis Fibrosis Progression via p38 MAPK/TGF- β1/Smad Pathway In Vitro. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6662261. [PMID: 33868442 PMCID: PMC8034999 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6662261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Dahuang Zhechong pills (DHZCP) is a classic Chinese medicinal prescription in “Treatise on Cold Pathogenic and Miscellaneous Diseases (Shanghan Zabing Lun),” and it has the function of tonifying blood, nourishing Yin, and removing blood stasis. Previous studies have shown that DHZCP could alleviate SiO2 induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. This study aims to further explore the preventive and therapeutic effects of DHZCP against silicosis fibrosis and the underlying mechanisms in vitro. Methods We used the experimental model of SiO2-induced MH-S cells to evaluate the therapeutic potential of DHZCP. MH-S cells induced by SiO2 were intervened with the drug-containing serum of DHZCP, and the effects of drug-containing serum of DHZCP on the MH-S cells were detected by CCK8, ELISA, flow cytometry, western blot, and immunofluorescence. Results DHZCP improved cell viability by reducing apoptosis. It also decreased the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 in the supernatant of MH-S cells induced by SiO2, inhibited the expression of p38 MAPK, blocked the activation of NF-κB, and controlled the upstream inflammatory response by multiple targeting. Concomitantly, we observed upregulation of Smad7 and a marked decline in TGF-β1, α-SMA, Smad2, Smad3 expression in MH-S cells treated with DHZCP. Conclusion To sum up, we conclude that DHZCP protects against SiO2-induced silicosis by reducing the persistent irritation of inflammation, regulating the p38 MAPK/TGF-β1/Smad pathway.
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Li MC, Zhang YQ, Meng CW, Gao JG, Xie CJ, Liu JY, Xu YN. Traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of Toxicodendron vernicifluum (Stokes) F.A. Barkley - A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 267:113476. [PMID: 33075438 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Toxicodendron vernicifluum (Stokes) F.A. Barkley (syn. Rhus verniciflua or vernicifera Stokes, Anacardiaceae) (RVS), the lacquer tree, also known as sumac, has been used in China, Japan and South Korea for thousands of years as a highly durable coating material and a traditional herbal medicine, which contains medicinal ingredients with anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and anti-rheumatic activities. AIM OF THIS REVIEW This review intends to provide a comprehensive and critical appraisal of RVS, including its phytochemical data, botanical and pharmacological literature that support its therapeutic potential in treatment on human diseases, with emphasis on the isolation of natural occurring compounds and detailed pharmacological investigations. MATERIALS AND METHODS Specific information of RVS was collected by using the key words "Toxicodendron vernicifluum", "Rhus verniciflua Stokes", "Rhus vernicifera Stokes" and "Lacquer tree" through published scientific materials (including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Wiley, ACS, CNKI, Scifinder, Springer, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Baidu Scholar) and other literature sources. RESULTS The major phytoconstituents, 175 of which are presented in this review, including flavonoids, urushiols, terpenes, phenolic acids and other types of compounds, of which flavonoids and urushiols are main components. The extracts and isolates purified from RVS showed a wide range of in vitro and in vivo pharmacological effects, such as anti-cancer, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, tyrosinase inhibition and so on. CONCLUSION The modern pharmacological research of RVS mainly focus on the pharmacological effects of crude extract or active constituents, of which the flavonoids are widely studied. However, there are few reports on the relationship between pharmacological effects and their structures. And at present, there is still a lack of researches that are of both effective and in-depth. Meanwhile, there is little research on quality control. Apart from the wood and lacquer, other botanical parts also need to be explored further. In addition to phenolic compounds, the study on other types of components in T. vernicifluum would start more sparks for the discovery of new bioactive principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Chen Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yun-Qiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Cai-Wen Meng
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jin-Gou Gao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Chao-Jie Xie
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jian-Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Yong Nan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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Shi H, Wang J, Liu F, Hu X, Lu Y, Yan S, Dai D, Yang X, Zhu Z, Guo Q. Proteome and phosphoproteome profiling reveals the regulation mechanism of hibernation in a freshwater leech (Whitmania pigra). J Proteomics 2020; 229:103866. [PMID: 32736137 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hibernation is an energy-saving and adaptive strategy adopted by leech, an important medicinal resource in Asia, to survive low temperature. Reversible protein phosphorylation (RPP) plays a key role in the regulation of mammalian hibernation processes but has never been documented in freshwater invertebrate such as leech. In this study, we detected the effects of hibernation on the proteome and phosphoproteome of the leech Whitmania pigra. A total of 2184 proteins and 2598 sites were quantified. Deep-hibernation resulted in 85 up-regulated and 107 down-regulated proteins and 318 up-regulated and 204 down-regulated phosphosites using a 1.5-fold threshold (P<0.05). Proteins involved in protein digestion and absorption, amino acid metabolism and N-glycan biosynthesis were significantly down-regulated during deep-hibernation. However, proteins involved in maintaining cell structure stability in hibernating animals were up-regulated. Differentially phosphorylated proteins provided the first global picture of a shift in energy metabolism, protein synthesis, cytoprotection and signaling during deep hibernation. Furthermore, AMP-activated protein kinase and protein kinase C play major roles in the regulation of these functional processes. These data significantly improve our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of leech hibernation processes and provides substantial candidate phosphorylated proteins that could be important for functionally adapt in freshwater animals. SIGNIFICANCE: The leech Whitmania pigra as an important medicinal resource in Asia is an excellent model freshwater invertebrate for studies of environmentally-induced hibernation. The present study provides the first quantitative proteomics and phosphoproteomic analysis of leech hibernation using isobaric tag based TMT labeling and high-resolution mass spectrometry. These data significantly improve our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms when ectotherm animals face environmental stress and provides substantial candidate phosphorylated proteins that could be important for functionally adapt in freshwater animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhuan Shi
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiangjing Hu
- Jingjie PTM Biolabs (Hangzhou) Co. Ltd, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yiming Lu
- Jingjie PTM Biolabs (Hangzhou) Co. Ltd, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Shimeng Yan
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Daoxin Dai
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xibin Yang
- Jingjie PTM Biolabs (Hangzhou) Co. Ltd, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Zaibiao Zhu
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qiaosheng Guo
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Zhou L, Wang D, Qiu X, Zhang W, Gong Z, Wang Y, Xu X. DHZCP Modulates Microglial M1/M2 Polarization via the p38 and TLR4/NF-κB Signaling Pathways in LPS-Stimulated Microglial Cells. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1126. [PMID: 32848745 PMCID: PMC7406685 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a disease with a significantly high rate of morbidity, mortality and disability. Inhibition of inflammation is considered a potential strategy for improving the clinical symptoms induced by ICH. The hallmark of neuroinflammation is microglial activation. Microglia can polarize into either the classically activated M1 (proinflammatory) phenotype, exacerbating neuronal damage, or the alternatively activated M2 (antiinflammatory) phenotype, exerting neuroprotection and promoting neuronal recovery. Promoting microglial polarization to the M2 phenotype may be a viable strategy for treating neuroinflammation. Several studies have indicated that promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis exhibits therapeutic effects on intracerebral hemorrhage. Dahuang Zhechong Pill (DHZCP), a classical recipe that promotes blood circulation and removes blood stasis, has been reported to improve the clinical outcome of ICH. DHZCP has been shown to exert antiinflammatory effects. However, the detailed antiinflammatory mechanism of DHZCP in ICH has rarely been investigated. In this study, DHZCP inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced M1 microglial activation. DHZCP exerted antiinflammatory effects, by inhibiting LPS-induced M1 proinflammatory cytokine (TNF-α and IL-6), and iNOS production and increasing M2 antiinflammatory cytokine (IL-10) production. DHZCP also switched microglial polarization from M1 to M2, as indicated by significantly increased expression of M2 polarization markers (CD209, and CD206) and markedly decreased expression of an M1 polarization marker (CD54). In addition, DHZCP inhibited p38 and TLR4/NF-κB signaling activation, as demonstrated by inhibition of LPS-induced increases in p-p38, TLR4 and nuclear factor kappa B p-65 (NF-κB p-65) protein expression. Taken together, DHZCP modulates microglial M1/M2 polarization via the p38 and TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathways to confer antiinflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhou
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xinjian Qiu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Weiru Zhang
- Department of General Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhicheng Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xia Xu
- Department of General Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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13
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Zhuang T, Gu X, Zhou N, Ding L, Yang L, Zhou M. Hepatoprotection and hepatotoxicity of Chinese herb Rhubarb (Dahuang): How to properly control the "General (Jiang Jun)" in Chinese medical herb. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 127:110224. [PMID: 32559851 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chinese herb Rhubarb (Dahuang), one of the most widely used traditional Chinese medicine in clinical application for over a thousand years and known as the "General (Jiang Jun)" in Chinese medical herb, currently used clinically for long-term treatment of gastrointestinal diseases and chronic liver diseases. Through previous researches, it has been identified that Rhubarb possessed a good hepatoprotective effect, which primarily protected liver from oxidation, fibrosis and cirrhosis, liver failure, hepatocellular carcinoma and various types of hepatitis. Meanwhile, it has been recently reported that long-term administration of Rhubarb preparation may undertake the risk of liver damage, which has aroused worldwide doubts about the safety of Rhubarb. Therefore, how to correctly understand the "two-way" effect of Rhubarb on liver protection and liver toxicity provides a basis for scientific evaluation of Rhubarb's efficacy on liver and side effects, as well as guiding clinical rational drug use. In this review, the mechanisms of Rhubarb how to play a role in hepatoprotection and why it causes hepatotoxic potential will be elaborated in detail and critically. In addition, some positive clinical guidances are also advised on how to reduce its hepatotoxicity in medical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongxi Zhuang
- Center for Chinese Medicine Therapy and Systems Biology, Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescriptions and MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xinyi Gu
- Center for Chinese Medicine Therapy and Systems Biology, Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Nian Zhou
- Center for Chinese Medicine Therapy and Systems Biology, Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lili Ding
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescriptions and MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Li Yang
- Center for Chinese Medicine Therapy and Systems Biology, Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescriptions and MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Mingmei Zhou
- Center for Chinese Medicine Therapy and Systems Biology, Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Xie H, Su D, Zhang J, Ji D, Mao J, Hao M, Wang Q, Yu M, Mao C, Lu T. Raw and vinegar processed Curcuma wenyujin regulates hepatic fibrosis via bloking TGF-β/Smad signaling pathways and up-regulation of MMP-2/TIMP-1 ratio. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 246:111768. [PMID: 30849507 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Curcuma wenyujin Y.H. (CW), a variety of Curumae Rhizoma, which documented in China Pharmacopeia, has long been used as plant medicine for its traditional effect on promoting Qi, activating blood stagnation and expelling blood stasis. Nowadays, it is often used in clinic for extraordinary effect on liver diseases. It is worthy to be noted that CW processed with vinegar has been applied in clinic for 1500 years which started in the northern and southern dynasties. AIM OF STUDY Liver fibrosis is a worldwide clinical issue. It is worth developing a multi-target and multicellular approach which is high efficiency and low side effects for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis. The anti-hepatic fibrosis molecular mechanisms of CW and vinegar Curcuma wenyujin (VCW) need to be explored and elucidated. Furthermore, the study aimed to discuss the efficiency and mechanism differences between CW and VCW in hepatic fibrosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Biochemical assays and histopathology were adopted to evaluate the anti-hepatic fibrosis effect of CW and VCW. The TGF-β/Smad signaling involving TGF-β1, TGF-βRⅠ, TGF-βRⅡ and Smad2, Smad3, Smad7 in fibrosis is examined, which is a critical step towards the evaluation of anti-hepatic fibrosis agents. Meanwhile, the MMP/TIMP balance is a potential therapy target by modulating extracellular matrix, which is also examined. Both CW and VCW inhibit the activation and proliferation of hepatic stellate cells and induce apoptosis via blocking TGF-β/Smad signaling pathways. Additionally, the level of MMP-2/TIMP-1 regulated significantly, which suggest CW and VCW participate in the degradation process, and maintain the formation and production of extracellular matrix. CONCLUSION Raw and vinegar processed Curcuma wenyujin regulates hepatic fibrosis via bloking TGF-β/Smad signaling pathways and up-regulation of MMP-2/TIMP-1 ratio. And VCW has more exhibition than CW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Dan Su
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - De Ji
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jing Mao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Min Hao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Qiaohan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Mengting Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Chunqin Mao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Tulin Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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15
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Lu J, Chen X, Xu X, Liu J, Zhang Z, Wang M, Li X, Chen H, Zhao D, Wang J, Zhao D, Cong D, Li X, Sun L. Active polypeptides from Hirudo inhibit endothelial cell inflammation and macrophage foam cell formation by regulating the LOX-1/LXR-α/ABCA1 pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 115:108840. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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16
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Chen C, Yao X, Xu Y, Zhang Q, Wang H, Zhao L, Wen G, Liu Y, Jing L, Sun X. Dahuang Zhechong Pill suppresses colorectal cancer liver metastasis via ameliorating exosomal CCL2 primed pre-metastatic niche. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 238:111878. [PMID: 30986521 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.111878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Dahuang Zhechong Pill (DZP) is a classical formula from "Synopsis of Prescriptions of the Golden Chamber". It has been used for treatment of abdominal masses (including tumorous diseases) for thousands of years. AIM OF THE STUDY Our previous work showed that DZP suppresses CCl-4 induced hepatic fibrosis by downregulating the expression of interleukin-13. We aimed to test if DZP suppresses the metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC) by ameliorating the fibrosis status of the future metastatic organ. MATERIALS AND METHODS Liver metastasis was observed by injection of MC38-EGFP cells with stably expressing enhanced green fuorescence protein beneath the splenic capsule of C57BL/6J mice. MC38-EGFP-derived exosomes were analyzed by Label-free comparative proteomics. mRNA expression was determined by Quantitative PCR. Protein expression was determined by immunohistochemistry, immunofuorescence and Western blot. Collagen deposition was determined by Masson staining. All data were statistically analyzed using SPSS. RESULTS DZP drastically reduced the metastatic tumor number and fluorescence intensity in a splenic liver metastasis model. It also lowered the expression of mature TGF-β1 and decreased the fibronectin contents & collagen deposition. Exosome proteomics showed that the upregualted CC chemokine ligand-2 (CCL2) was repressed by DZP treatment. Importantly, DZP markedly lowered the expression of CCL2 and its receptor CCR2 in the liver. Exosomal CCL2 activated macrophage recruitment and shifted the M1/M2 paradigm to a M2 phenotype. DZP reduced the macrophage infiltration and attenuated the M2 polarizaion in tumor-bearing mice liver. It decreased the F4/80 positive areas and specifically reduced the ratio of CCR2+ positive macrophage. Anti-fibrosis and inhibition of CCR2 suppress the growth and metastasis of CRC. CONCLUSIONS DZP inhibits the liver metastasis of CRC by suppressing CCL2 mediated M2-skewing paradigm and ameliorating the pro-fibrotic microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xueqing Yao
- Departmant of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yihua Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
| | - Qingyuan Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
| | - Hao Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
| | - Liang Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
| | - Ge Wen
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yawei Liu
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
| | - Linlin Jing
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510315, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xuegang Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China; Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510315, Guangdong, China.
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17
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Wang X, Niu M, Wu SN, Hu HWY, Liu XY, Ma SY, Liu J, Hao JJ, Yang XJ, Wu GS, Qin N, Wen RQ, Li DH, Zhang YM, Xiao XH, Wang JB, Ma L. Leeches attenuate blood hyperviscosity and related metabolic disorders in rats differently than aspirin. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 238:111813. [PMID: 30910578 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Whitmania pigra Whitman (Whitmania pigra, WP), firstly recorded in the Shennong's Herbal Classic and officially listed in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, is a well-used cardiovascular protective traditional Chinese medicine derived from leeches. Traditional Chinese physicians prefer to prescribe the dried whole body of leech processed under high temperatures. It has been reported that dried WP remains clinically effective. However, the therapeutic mechanism has yet not be clearly elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was designed to investigate the protective activity of the extract of WP in a high-molecular-weight dextran-induced blood hyperviscosity rat model, and to explore the role of WP in improving blood hyperviscosity related metabolic disorders and to clarify the possible mechanism of metabolic regulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS The hemorheological parameters were measured with an automated blood rheology analyzer. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe the pathological changes in aortic tissues samples. Further, a liquid chromatography-mass-spectrometry (LC-MS)-based untargeted metabolomics approach was applied to characterize the metabolic alterations. RESULTS WP has evident attenuating effects on blood hyperviscosity and related metabolic disorders, and the influences are distinct from those of aspirin. The results showed that WP had good effects in reducing blood viscosity and ameliorating histopathological changes in the thoracic aorta in a high molecular weight dextran-induced blood hyperviscosity rat model. The middle dose (2.5 g raw material/kg body weight) of WP exhibited effects equivalent to aspirin (100 mg/kg) on hemorheological and histopathological parameters (P > 0.05). However, when using metabolomics profiling, we found that WP could significantly improve blood hyperviscosity-related metabolic disorders and restore metabolites to normal levels; while aspirin showed little effect. With principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis, WP regulated many more endogenous metabolites than aspirin. With pathway enrichment analysis, the differential endogenous metabolites were involved in cysteine and methionine metabolism, TCA cycle, arachidonic acid metabolism, etc., highlighting the metabolic reprogramming potential of WP against blood hyperviscosity-induced metabolic disorders. CONCLUSIONS The study suggest that WP has a more potent effect, but a different mechanism, than aspirin in improving either blood hyperviscosity or related metabolic disorders associated with cardio- and cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China; China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, 302 Military Hospital, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Ming Niu
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, 302 Military Hospital, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Shan-Na Wu
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, 302 Military Hospital, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Huang-Wan-Yin Hu
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, 302 Military Hospital, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Xiao-Yi Liu
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, 302 Military Hospital, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Sheng-Yao Ma
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Jing Liu
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, 302 Military Hospital, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Jun-Jie Hao
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, 302 Military Hospital, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Xiao-Juan Yang
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, 302 Military Hospital, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Guo-Song Wu
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, 302 Military Hospital, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Nan Qin
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, 302 Military Hospital, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Rui-Qing Wen
- Beijing Haidian Food and Drug Safety Monitoring, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Dong-Hui Li
- Beijing Haidian Food and Drug Safety Monitoring, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Ya-Ming Zhang
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, 302 Military Hospital, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Xiao-He Xiao
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, 302 Military Hospital, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Jia-Bo Wang
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, 302 Military Hospital, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Li Ma
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China.
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GZFLW Induces Apoptosis of Ectopic Endometrial Stromal Cells via Promoting VPS53 Protein Stability. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2018:1293630. [PMID: 30643524 PMCID: PMC6311267 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1293630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis is still a major problem in obstetrics and gynecology. While GZFLW (Gui Zhi Fu Ling Wan) has been originally used for treating gynecological diseases, however, the molecular mechanism that GZFLW acts on endometriosis is not clear. To investigate the molecular mechanism that GZFLW plays role on endometriosis, iTRAQ (isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification) proteomics and human endometrial stromal cells (Y14) obtained from a patient with endometriosis were used in in vitro study. Our results demonstrated that GZFLW decreased Y14 cells proliferation while increased cells apoptosis. The differential expression protein VPS53 (Vacuolar protein sorting 53 homolog) was predicted by iTRAQ coupled LC-MS/MS and further identified by western blot. Besides, GZFLW induced VPS53 protein level by promoting its stabilization. Our findings highlight a novel role for VPS53 in gynecology and provide a potent therapeutic strategy against endometriosis.
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19
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Lu Z, Shi P, You H, Liu Y, Chen S. Transcriptomic analysis of the salivary gland of medicinal leech Hirudo nipponia. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205875. [PMID: 30339694 PMCID: PMC6195274 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hirudo nipponia (known as Shui Zhi in Chinese) is a well-known Chinese medicine with numerous active ingredients in its body, especially in its saliva. This native Chinese blood-sucking leech has been used for therapeutic purposes since before 100 AD. Modern Chinese physicians use it for a wide range of diseases. Genomic data and molecular information about the pharmacologically active substances produced by this medicinal leech are presently unavailable despite this organism’s medicinal importance. In this study, we performed transcriptome profiling of the salivary glands of medicinal leech H. nipponia using the Illumina platform. In total, 84,657,362 clean reads were assembled into 50,535 unigenes. The obtained unigenes were compared to public databases. Furthermore, a unigene sequence similarity search and comparisons with the whole transcriptome of medical leech were performed to identify potential proteins. Finally, more than 21 genes were predicted to be involved in anticoagulatory, antithrombotic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antitumor processes, which might play important roles in the treatment of various diseases. This study is the first analysis of a sialotranscriptome in H. nipponia. The transcriptome profile will shed light on its genetic background and provide a useful tool to deepen our understanding of the medical value of H. nipponia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenghui Lu
- Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Sub-center of National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Shi
- Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Sub-center of National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Chongqing, China
| | - Huajian You
- Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanqi Liu
- Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chongqing, China
| | - Shijiang Chen
- Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Sub-center of National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail:
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Wu L, Cao KX, Ni ZH, Li WD, Chen ZP, Cheng HB, Liu X. Effects of Dahuang zhechong pill on doxorubicin-resistant SMMC-7721 xenografts in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 222:71-78. [PMID: 29609009 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Dahuang zhechong pill (DHZCP) is a famous traditional Chinese medicinal prescription from the "Synopsis of Prescriptions of the Golden Chamber (Jin Kui Yao Lue)",Lue)", an ancient Chinese medical classic. DHZCP is commonly used for clinical treatment of liver cancer by promoting blood circulation to dissolve blood stasis and by removing pathogenic vegetations.vegetations. DHZCP-based treatment has been derived from Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and is officially recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of DHZCP to reverse doxorubicin (DOX) resistance of SMMC-7721 cells in a xenograft mouse model, and to explore the underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to verify the composition of DHZCP. H&E staining was used to observe the pathological changes in hepatocellular carcinoma samples. Intracellular DOX accumulation was observed as intrinsic fluorescence by microscopy. Cell apoptosis was detected by the TUNEL assay. Human antibody arrays were used to analyze the expression of apoptotic- and angiogenic-related proteins. ATP levels were assessed and western blots were used to detect the protein expression of key enzymes of energy metabolism. RESULTS DHZCP significantly reduced the tumor volume and weight of subcutaneous xenografts of drug-resistant hepatoma cells, and combining DHZCP with lower doses of DOX significantly increased the content of DOX in tumor tissue, increased the apoptosis of hepatoma cells, and reversed Dox resistance. With respect to 43 apoptosis-associated proteins, DHZCP regulated the expression of 5 of them. When combined with low-dose DOX, the expression of 40 apoptosis-related proteins was significantly altered. With respect to 23 angiogenesis-associated proteins, DHZCP upregulated the expression of endostatin and inhibited the expression of matrix metallopeptidase 9. When combined with low-dose DOX, DHZCP significantly downregulated protein expression of urokinase receptor, as well as vascular endothelial growth factor receptors 2 and 3. Especially, DHZCP significantly inhibited the expression of key enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and of oxidative phosphorylation, reducing the level of ATP in tumor tissue. CONCLUSIONS DHZCP inhibited the growth of DOX-resistant hepatocellular carcinoma subcutaneous xenografts in nude mice and promoted increased apoptosis caused by DOX, thus reversing DOX resistance. This was associated with a decline in energy metabolism and regulated expression of pro-apoptotic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Ke Xin Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Zi Hui Ni
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Wei Dong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Zhi Peng Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Hai Bo Cheng
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Effect of Dahuang Zhechong pills on long non-coding RNA growth arrest specific 5 in rat models of hepatic fibrosis. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcm.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Li L, Zhu L, Zhu J, Fan X, Ye X. Mechanisms of inhibiting human leukemia cell lines by serum of rats treated with compound banmao capsule. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:4092-4098. [PMID: 28989536 PMCID: PMC5620485 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Compound banmao capsule (CBC) is a traditional Chinese medicinal formula composed of extracts from 11 organisms. The present study investigated the mechanism of CBC on the biological behavior of human leukemia cell lines using seropharmacological methods. CBC-containing rat serum was prepared by intragastrical administration of CBC to rats. The proliferation of human leukemia HL60 and K562 cell lines was assayed by measuring cell viability with the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium method, while cell cycle distribution and the rate of apoptosis were evaluated with flow cytometry. The mRNA expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and chemotactic and inflammatory genes in human leukemia cell lines was examined using reverse transcription quantitative-polymerase chain reaction methods. It was revealed that the proliferation of K562 and HL60 cells was significantly inhibited by the CBC-containing rat serum at 72 h. The CBC-containing serum also promoted the apoptosis of K562 and HL60 cell lines. The CBC-containing serum altered the cell cycle progression of K562 and HL60, increasing the proportion of the cells in G1 phase and decreasing the proportion of the cells in S phase. Attenuated expression of VEGF-A and a decreasing trend in the expression of chemotactic and inflammatory genes were identified following treatment with CBC-containing serum in HL60 and K562 cells. In conclusion, CBC-containing serum exerted an inhibitory effect on the growth of K562 and HL60 cells by decreasing cellular proliferation, promoting apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, and decreasing the expression of VEGF-A, and chemotactic and inflammatory genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Lixia Zhu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Zhu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofen Fan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Xiujin Ye
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
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Seabrooks L, Hu L. Insects: an underrepresented resource for the discovery of biologically active natural products. Acta Pharm Sin B 2017; 7:409-426. [PMID: 28752026 PMCID: PMC5518667 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nature has been the source of life-changing and -saving medications for centuries. Aspirin, penicillin and morphine are prime examples of Nature׳s gifts to medicine. These discoveries catalyzed the field of natural product drug discovery which has mostly focused on plants. However, insects have more than twice the number of species and entomotherapy has been in practice for as long as and often in conjunction with medicinal plants and is an important alternative to modern medicine in many parts of the world. Herein, an overview of current traditional medicinal applications of insects and characterization of isolated biologically active molecules starting from approximately 2010 is presented. Insect natural products reviewed were isolated from ants, bees, wasps, beetles, cockroaches, termites, flies, true bugs, moths and more. Biological activities of these natural products from insects include antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects.
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Li S, Cheng L, An D, Song S, Liang H, Chu F, Ji A. Whitmania Pigra Whitman Extracts Inhibit Lipopolysaccharide Induced Rat Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Migration and their Adhesion Ability to THP-1 and RAW 264.7 Cells. J Atheroscler Thromb 2016; 24:301-311. [PMID: 27592629 PMCID: PMC5383546 DOI: 10.5551/jat.36558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Atherosclerosis is a kind of chronic inflammatory disease. A crucial pathology change of atherosclerosis is the migration of activated VSMCs to the intima where they interact with leukocytes by expressing adhesion molecules, including intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). Moreover, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) expressed by VSMCs plays an important role in recruiting monocytes and macrophages. Leech (Whitmania pigra Whitman) is a traditional Chinese medicine to treat cardiovascular diseases including atherosclerosis, however previous research has rarely reported the molecular mechanism for its curative effect. Thus, our study focuses on the effects of leech extracts on the expression of inflammatory factors, adhesion molecules and MCP-1 in rat VSMCs. Methods: In our present study, wound-healing assay and Boyden chamber model were applied to evaluate the anti-migration effect of LEE (Leech Enzyme Extracts) on LPS induced VSMCs. The anti-adhesion effect was assessed using DiI-labeled THP-1 and RAW264.7. Results: LEE suppressed LPS-induced VSMCs migration and decreased the chemotaxis and adhesive capacity of THP-1 and RAW264.7 to LPS-stimulated VSMCs. LEE also attenuated the upregulation of a variety of pro-atherosclerotic factors by inhibiting the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK. LEE was also observed to prevent NF-κB p65 nuclear localization using immune-fluorescent staining. Conclusions: In conclusion, LEE suppresses LPS-induced upregulation of inflammatory factors, adhesion molecules and MCP-1 in rat VSMCs mainly via inhibiting the p38 MAPK/NF-κB pathways, thus partly uncovered LEE's molecular mechanisms for its therapeutic effect on atherosclerosis.
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Chinese Medicinal Leech: Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacological Activities. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:7895935. [PMID: 27274755 PMCID: PMC4870366 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7895935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hirudo (Shuizhi in Chinese) is an important Chinese medicine, which possesses many therapeutic properties for the treatment of the cerebral hemorrhage and other thrombosis-related diseases. The phytochemical investigation gave more than 51 compounds including pteridines, phosphatidylcholines, glycosphingolipids, and sterols, as well as some bioactive peptides from the Shuizhi derived from three animal species recorded in the current Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The pharmacological studies on the Shuizhi have revealed various activities such as anticoagulation, antithrombosis, antiatherosclerosis, antiplatelet aggregation, antitumor and anti-inflammatory as well as hemorheology improvement, and protective effects against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, some important issues based on the traditional uses of Shuizhi are still not clear. The aim of the present review is to provide comprehensive knowledge on the ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities of Shuizhi. It will provide a potential guidance in exploring main active compounds of Shuizhi and interpreting the action mechanism for the further research.
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Han XH, Wang CL, Xie Y, Ma J, Zhang XH, Hu QW, Lin G, Liu S, Lu JG. Anti-metastatic effect and mechanisms of Wenshen Zhuanggu Formula in human breast cancer cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 162:39-46. [PMID: 25554638 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Wenshen Zhuanggu Formula (WSZG), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) empirical prescription, has been used to treat the patients with breast cancer bone metastasis as an adjuvant in clinical practice. To explore the anti-metastatic activity and potential mechanisms of WSZG-containing serum (WSZG-CS) on highly bone-metastatic human breast cancer MDA-MB-231BO cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS MDA-MB-231BO cells were cultured alone or co-cultured with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Invasion assays were carried out in Matrigel-coated Transwell chambers. CC chemokine 5 (CCL5) and interleukin (IL)-17B secretion levels were detected by ELISA. CCR5 and IL-17BR protein expression levels were determined by immunocytochemistry and Western blot analysis. RESULTS Compared with control serum, WSZG-CS significantly inhibited BMSC induced MDA-MB-231BO breast cancer cell invasion, reduced CCL5 and IL-17B levels in co-culture supernatants, and downregulated CCR5 and IL-17BR protein expression in breast cancer cells co-cultured with BMSCs. CONCLUSIONS WSZG-CS exerts an anti-metastatic activity against MDA-MB-231BO breast cancer cells, due to its ability to mitigate the interaction between BMSCs and breast cancer cells mediated via the CCL5/CCR5 and IL-17B/IL-17BR signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-hui Han
- Institute of Chinese Traditional Surgery, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 Wanping South Road, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Chun-li Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Yan Xie
- Research Center for Health and Nutrition, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Jiang Ma
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Xiao-hui Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Qian-wen Hu
- Institute of Chinese Traditional Surgery, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 Wanping South Road, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Ge Lin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Sheng Liu
- Institute of Chinese Traditional Surgery, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 Wanping South Road, Shanghai 200032, PR China.
| | - Jin-gen Lu
- Institute of Chinese Traditional Surgery, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 Wanping South Road, Shanghai 200032, PR China.
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Gao SY, Gong YF, Sun QJ, Bai J, Wang L, Fan ZQ, Sun Y, Su YJ, Gang J, Ji YB. Screening antitumor bioactive fraction from Sauromatum giganteum (Engl.) Cusimano & Hett and sensitive cell lines with the serum pharmacology method and identification by UPLC-TOF-MS. Molecules 2015; 20:4290-306. [PMID: 25756649 PMCID: PMC6272407 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20034290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sauromatum giganteum (Engl.) Cusimano & Hett Tuber are used in Chinese folklore medicine for treatment of neoplasms. However, the claim has not been scientifically validated. The aim of the study is to screen the antitumor bioactive fraction of Sauromatum giganteum (Engl.) Cusimano & Hett Tuber and sensitive tumor cell lines using a cytotoxicity assay in vitro and tumor transplantation method in vivo, to support its use in folk medicine. The petroleum ether fraction, chloroform fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, n-butanol fraction and water fraction were successively extracted by turn by the maceration under reflux assay. Screening of antitumor bioactive fraction and sensitive cell lines were measured by MTT assay and the serum pharmacology method, and in vivo the antitumor activities of the active fraction was evaluated by using S180 or H22 tumor-bearing mice model and Kunming mice. The active constituents of ethyl acetate fraction of Sauromatum giganteum (Engl.) Cusimano & Hett were characterized by UPLC-TOF-MS. Compared with control groups, mice serum containing ethyl acetate fraction had a inhibition effect on SMMC-7721 cell, SGC-7901 cell, MCF-7 cell, HeLa cell, A549 cell, HT-29, and MDA-MB-231, respectively, but mice serum containing other four fractions had no different with that of control group. The inhibition capabilities of mice serum containing ethyl acetate fraction on the seven cell lines in descending order is SGC-7901 > SMMC-7721 > MCF-7 > HT-29 > A549 > HeLa > MDA-MB-231. In vivo the inhibition rate of 106, 318, 954 mg/kg·d ethyl acetate fraction dry extract to sarcoma S180 is 15.22%, 26.15% and 40.24%, respectively, and life prolonging rate to hepatoma H22 is 33.61%, 40.16% and 55.74%. A total of 14 compounds were identified in the ethyl acetate fraction of Sauromatum giganteum (Engl.) Cusimano & Hett. The results of the experimental studies proved the antitumor activity of Sauromatum giganteum (Engl.) Cusimano & Hett and supported the traditional use of this plant. These data indicate the potential for the use of ethyl acetate fraction of Sauromatum giganteum (Engl.) Cusimano & Hett Tuber in tumor therapy, anti-tumor activity on cancer cell line in descending order is SGC-7901 > SMMC-7721 > MCF-7 > HT-29 > A549 > HeLa > MDA-MB-231.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yong Gao
- The Institute of Materia Medica, The Research Center of Life Sciences and Environmental Sciences, Harbin Commerce University, Harbin 150076, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Yun-Fei Gong
- The Institute of Materia Medica, The Research Center of Life Sciences and Environmental Sciences, Harbin Commerce University, Harbin 150076, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Qiu-Jia Sun
- The Institute of Materia Medica, The Research Center of Life Sciences and Environmental Sciences, Harbin Commerce University, Harbin 150076, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Jing Bai
- The Institute of Materia Medica, The Research Center of Life Sciences and Environmental Sciences, Harbin Commerce University, Harbin 150076, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Long Wang
- The Institute of Materia Medica, The Research Center of Life Sciences and Environmental Sciences, Harbin Commerce University, Harbin 150076, Heilongjiang, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Anticancer Drugs of Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Zi-Quan Fan
- China Solution Center, Waters Technolygies (Shanghai) Ltd., Shanghai 201206, China.
| | - Yu Sun
- The Institute of Materia Medica, The Research Center of Life Sciences and Environmental Sciences, Harbin Commerce University, Harbin 150076, Heilongjiang, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Anticancer Drugs of Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Yi-Jun Su
- The Institute of Materia Medica, The Research Center of Life Sciences and Environmental Sciences, Harbin Commerce University, Harbin 150076, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Jian Gang
- The Institute of Materia Medica, The Research Center of Life Sciences and Environmental Sciences, Harbin Commerce University, Harbin 150076, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Yu-Bin Ji
- The Institute of Materia Medica, The Research Center of Life Sciences and Environmental Sciences, Harbin Commerce University, Harbin 150076, Heilongjiang, China.
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Gao SY, Li J, Wang L, Sun QJ, Gong YF, Gang J, Su YJ, Ji YB. Ethanol but not aqueous extracts of tubers of Sauromatum Giganteum(Engl.) Cusimano and Hett inhibit cancer cell proliferation. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:10613-9. [PMID: 25605148 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.24.10613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both alcohol and aqueous extracts of Sauromatum giganteum(Engl.) Cusimano and Hett, the dried root tuber of which is named Baifuzi in Chinese, have been used for folklore treatment of cancer in Northeast of China. However, little is known about which is most suitable to the cancer therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Serum pharmacology and MTT assays were adopted to detect the effects of ethanol and aqueous extracts of Sauromatum giganteum(Engl.) Cusimano and Hett , prepared by heat reflux methods, on proliferation of different cancer cells. RESULTS Cancer cells treated with medium supplemented with 10%, 20%, 40% serum(v/v) containing ethanol extract had a decline in viability, with inhibition rates of 7.69%, 21.8%, 41.9% in MCF-7 cells, 42.8%, 48.1%, 51.8% in SGC-7901 cells, 44.1%, 49.2%, 53.7% in SMMC-7721 cells, 6.8%, 15.2%, 39.8% in HepG2 cells, 7.57%, 16.3%, 36.2% in HeLa cells, 6.24%, 12.5%, 27.4% in A549 cells, and 7.20%, 17.5%, 31.3% in MDA-MB-231 cells, respectively. Viability in the aqueous extract groups was no different with that of controls. CONCLUSIONS An ethanol extract of Sauromatum giganteum(Engl.) Cusimano and Hett inhibited the proliferation of SMMC-7721, SGC-7901 and MCF-7 cells, which supports the use of alcoholic but not aqueous extracts for control of sensive cancers, which might include hepatocarcinoma, gastric cancer and breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yong Gao
- Institute of Materia Medica, Research Center of Life Science and Environmental Science, Harbin University of Commerce, and Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Anticancer Drugs of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China E-mail :
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Rabbit sera containing compound danshen dripping pill attenuate leukocytes adhesion to TNF-alpha--activated human umbilical vein endothelial cells by suppressing endothelial ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression through NF-kappaB signaling pathway. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2014; 63:323-32. [PMID: 24710469 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The adherence to circulating leukocytes, such as monocytes and neutrophils, to vascular endothelial cells is of central importance to the pathogenesis of various cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) including atherosclerosis and myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Compound danshen dripping pill (CDDP; Fufang Danshen Diwan in Chinese), namely cardiotonic pill, is extensively used for CVDs medication in China and some other countries. Here, we sought to investigate the effect of CDDP on leukocytes binding to vascular endothelial cells and elaborate the possibly underlying mechanism. Using seropharmacological method, rabbit sera containing CDDP were shown to mitigate the adhesiveness of monocytes and neutrophils to tumor necrosis factor alpha-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells in dose and time-dependent manners, alleviate the levels of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 messenger RNA and protein dose dependently and also encumber IκBα degradation, p65 nuclear translocation, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) DNA-binding activity, and NF-κB-responsive gene transcription in tumor necrosis factor alpha-activated human umbilical vein endothelial cells. This study suggests that CDDP protects against CVDs potentially by attenuation of leukocytes-endothelium adhesion cascade via lessening endothelial cell adhesion molecules expression and NF-κB signaling pathway activity.
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Cao Y, Liu F, Huang Z, Zhang Y. Protective effects of Guanxin Shutong capsule drug-containing serum on tumor necrosis factor-α-induced endothelial dysfunction through nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase and the nitric oxide pathway. Exp Ther Med 2014; 8:998-1004. [PMID: 25120637 PMCID: PMC4113548 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.1795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Chinese medicinal formula Guanxin Shutong capsule (GXSTC) has been used for almost 10 years as a clinical treatment for chest pain, depression, palpitation and cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of GXSTC drug-containing serum on tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-stimulated endothelial cells. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay, and nitric oxide (NO) levels and NO synthase (NOS) activity were measured as standards of endothelial dysfunction. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were evaluated using commercial kits. In addition, the protein expression of endothelial NOS (eNOS), AKT and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase subunits was examined to evaluate the effect of GXSTC drug-containing serum on ECV304 cells. GXSTC significantly reversed the decrease in NO production induced by TNF-α (5 ng/ml) in ECV304 cells. The expression of NADPH oxidase subunits was increased by TNF-α treatment, but markedly inhibited by treatment with GXSTC in TNF-α-stimulated cells. In summary, GXSTC increased the production of NO in ECV304 cells and exerted a protective effect on ECV304 cells stimulated with TNF-α by upregulating the mRNA and protein expression of eNOS. This was accompanied by increased SOD activity and reduced MDA levels. These results suggested that GXSTC protects the endothelium via the NO pathway and exhibits antioxidant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Cao
- School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | | | - Yanmin Zhang
- School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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Xu H, Wu Q, Peng C, Zhou L. Study on the antiviral activity of San Huang Yi Gan Capsule against hepatitis B virus with seropharmacological method. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 13:239. [PMID: 24073917 PMCID: PMC3849434 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Seropharmacology arising recently is a novel method of in vitro pharmacological study on Chinese herb using drug-containing animal serum. As seropharmacology possesses the advantages of experiments in vitro and in vivo, it is increasingly applied in pharmacological research on Chinese medicine. However, some issues of seropharmacology remain controversial and need to be clearly defined. San Huang Yi Gan Capsule (SHYGC) is a Chinese herbal formula with antiviral property against hepatitis B virus (HBV), but little is known about the mechanism underlying its anti-HBV activity. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the action mechanism of SHYGC using seropharmacological method and systematically address the methodology of preparing drug-containing serum. Methods New Zealand rabbits were orally administrated SHYGC with various regimens, followed by preparation of SHYGC-containing rabbit sera with a variety of methods. After HBV-producing HepG2 2.2.15 cells were treated with SHYGC-containing sera or entecavir for 9 days, the levels of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and HBV DNA and the activity of DNA Polymerase were determined in HepG2 2.2.15 cells-conditioned media. Results An optimally standardized method of preparing drug-containing serum was raised for seropharmacology, with which SHYGC was demonstrated to suppress HBsAg expression, HBV DNA replication and DNA Polymerase activity in a dose-dependent fashion. Conclusions This seropharmacological study shows SHYGC is a potentially powerful anti-HBV agent. Additionally, seropharmacology is a promising pharmacological method with a broad range of advantages, and it can be widely used in biomedical research, if combined with pharmacokinetics.
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Kono R, Okuno Y, Nakamura M, Inada KI, Tokuda A, Yamashita M, Hidaka R, Utsunomiya H. Peach (Prunus persica) extract inhibits angiotensin II-induced signal transduction in vascular smooth muscle cells. Food Chem 2013; 139:371-6. [PMID: 23561119 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin II (Ang II) is a vasoactive hormone that has been implicated in cardiovascular diseases. Here, the effect of peach, Prunus persica L. Batsch, pulp extract on Ang II-induced intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and signal transduction events in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) was investigated. Pretreatment of peach ethyl acetate extract inhibited Ang II-induced intracellular Ca(2+) elevation in VSMCs. Furthermore, Ang II-induced ROS generation, essential for signal transduction events, was diminished by the peach ethyl acetate extract. The peach ethyl acetate extract also attenuated the Ang II-induced phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor and myosin phosphatase target subunit 1, both of which are associated with atherosclerosis and hypertension. These results suggest that peach ethyl acetate extract may have clinical potential for preventing cardiovascular diseases by interfering with Ang II-induced intracellular Ca(2+) elevation, the generation of ROS, and then blocking signal transduction events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei Kono
- Department of Strategic Surveillance for Functional Food and Comprehensive Traditional Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera 811-1, Wakayama City, Wakayama 641-0012, Japan.
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Ge GF, Yu CH, Yu B, Shen ZH, Zhang DL, Wu QF. Antitumor effects and chemical compositions of Eupolyphaga sinensis Walker ethanol extract. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 141:178-182. [PMID: 22366674 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2011] [Revised: 12/27/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Eupolyphaga sinensis Walker popularly known as "preferred drug to regulate blood flow" are traditionally used in folk medicine in the treatment of ecchymoma, posttraumatic wound, hepatic fibrosis and tumor. AIM OF THE STUDY To characterize chemical compositions and to evaluate the antitumor and immunomodulatory of Eupolyphaga sinensis Walker ethanol extract (ESEE) in hepatocarcinoma H(22) bearing mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS ESEE was obtained by ethanol reflux extraction and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) after methylation. ICR mice were treated with ESEE for 14 consecutive days at doses of 31mg/kg (low-dose), 62mg/kg (mid-dose) and 124mg/kg (high-dose) after H(22) tumor cells were implanted. At the end of the experiments, the tumor weight of each mouse was measured. Levels of serum TNF-α and IFN-γ was assayed by ELISA. Protein expressions of Bax, Bcl-2 and caspases-3 were detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Chemical analysis revealed the presence of 6 components that account for 97.55% of fatty acids, indicating the occurrence of saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Oral administration of ESEE could inhibit tumor growth, promote Th1 type cytokine productions (TNF-α and IFN-γ) and induce apoptosis of hepatocarcinoma via increase of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and activation of caspases-3. Oral administration of ESEE in a dosage of 6.2g/kg did not lead to toxic effects in mice. CONCLUSIONS ESEE was effective in inhibiting tumor growth in vivo and could also serve as immunoadjuvant for tumor therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/chemistry
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/isolation & purification
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/pharmacology
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/isolation & purification
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/blood
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/immunology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Caspase 3/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chemical Fractionation
- Cockroaches/chemistry
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/isolation & purification
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Ethanol/chemistry
- Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
- Immunohistochemistry
- Interferon-gamma/blood
- Liver Neoplasms/blood
- Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Liver Neoplasms/immunology
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred ICR
- Phytotherapy
- Plant Extracts/chemistry
- Plant Extracts/isolation & purification
- Plant Extracts/pharmacology
- Plants, Medicinal
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism
- Solvents/chemistry
- Th1 Cells/drug effects
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Time Factors
- Tumor Burden/drug effects
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/blood
- bcl-2-Associated X Protein/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang-Feng Ge
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
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Effects and mechanisms of the functional parts of Dahuang Zhechong Pill (大黄 虫丸) containing serum on platelet-derived growth factor-stimulated proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. Chin J Integr Med 2012; 19:432-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s11655-012-1033-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Cai HB, Sun XG, Liu ZF, Liu YW, Tang J, Liu Q, Ji BM, Song YH, Zhou YC, Yang MH, Lv ZP. Effects of dahuangzhechong pills on cytokines and mitogen activated protein kinase activation in rats with hepatic fibrosis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 132:157-164. [PMID: 20723595 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2009] [Revised: 07/20/2010] [Accepted: 08/07/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED RELEVANCE TO ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY: Dahuangzhechong pill (DHZCP), a well-known and canonical Chinese medicine formula from "The Synopsis of Prescriptions of the Golden Chamber", is officially approved and recommended by Chinese association of integrative medicine for the prevention and treatment of hepatic fibrosis in China. AIM OF THE STUDY To test the hypothesis that therapeutic effects of DHZCP on hepatic fibrosis are conferred by regulating cytokine profile through a mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hepatic fibrosis is inducted by carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) in rats which then were randomly divided into six groups: hepatic fibrosis model group, high dose DHZCP group, low dose DHZCP group, Fufang Biejia Ruangan Pian (FBRP) group, Colchicine group and control group. Pathological, immunohistochemical, multiplex immunoassay and protein expression studies (Western blotting) are performed. RESULTS DHZCP significantly decreases the levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, hyaluronic acid, laminin, type IV collagen and procollagen III, and reverses hepatic fibrosis in rat model. DHZCP also could reduce the expression of α-smooth muscle actin, and lower the serum level of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 13 (IL-13). The expressions of phosphorylated p38 MAPK and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) are down-regulated, while no significant changes are found in phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). CONCLUSIONS DHZCP can alleviate hepatic fibrosis induced by CCl(4). The anti-fibrotic effects of DHZCP are conferred by decreasing the secretion of TNF-α and IL-13 through down-regulating p38 and ERK phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Bing Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
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