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Valsan A, Meenu MT, Murali VP, Malgija B, Joseph AG, Nisha P, Radhakrishnan KV, Maiti KK. Exploration of Phaeanthine: A Bisbenzylisoquinoline Alkaloid Induces Anticancer Effect in Cervical Cancer Cells Involving Mitochondria-Mediated Apoptosis. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:14799-14813. [PMID: 37125119 PMCID: PMC10134464 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Natural-product-based pharmacophores possess considerably more structural diversity, attractive physicochemical features, and relatively less toxicity than synthesized drug entities. In this context, our studies on phaeanthine, a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid isolated from the rhizomes of Cyclea peltata (Lam) Hook.f & Thoms., showed selective cytotoxicity toward cervical cancer cells (HeLa) with an IC50 of 8.11 ± 0.04 μM. Subsequent investigation with in silico molecular docking of phaeanthine displayed preferential binding to the antiapoptotic protein Akt as reflected by a docking score of -5.023. Interestingly, the follow-up in vitro assessment of the compound correlated with mitochondria-mediated apoptosis specifically by downregulating the expression of Akt and p-Akt, including other antiapoptotic proteins MCl-1, IGF-2, and XIAP. In the complementary in vitro assessment, mitochondrial membrane polarization and dynamics of intercellular cytochrome c validated the intrinsic mechanism of the apoptotic phenomenon. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive anticancer profiling study of phaeanthine against HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha Valsan
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Murugan Thulasi Meenu
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Vishnu Priya Murali
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India
| | - Beutline Malgija
- MCC-MRF Innovation Park, Madras Christain College, Chennai 600059, India
| | - Anuja Gracy Joseph
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Prakasan Nisha
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Agroprocessing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India
| | - Kokkuvayil Vasu Radhakrishnan
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Kaustabh Kumar Maiti
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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Pereira Júnior LC, Nascimento FG, Oliveira SRBD, Lima GC, Chagas FDS, Sombra VG, Feitosa JPA, Soriano EM, Souza MHLP, Zocolo GJ, Silva LMA, de Paula RCM, Damasceno ROS, Freitas ALP. Protective effect against gastric mucosa injury of a sulfated agaran from Acanthophora spicifera. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 261:117829. [PMID: 33766334 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a polysaccharide from marine alga Acanthophora spicifera (PAs) was isolated and structurally characterized. Its protective potential against chemically-induced gastric mucosa injury was evaluated. The gel permeation chromatography experiments and spectroscopy spectrum showed that PAs is a sulfated polysaccharide with a high molecular mass (6.98 × 105g/mol) and degree of sulfation of 1.23, exhibiting structural characteristic typical of an agar-type polysaccharide. Experimental results demonstrated that PAs reduced the hemorrhagic gastric injury, in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, PAs reduced the intense gastric oxidative stress, measured by glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. PAs also prevented the reduction of mucus levels adhered to the gastric mucosa, promoted by the aggressive effect of ethanol. In summary, the sulfated polysaccharide from A. spicifera protected the gastric mucosa through the prevention of lipid peroxidation and enhanced the defense mechanisms of the gastric mucosa, suggesting as a promising functional food as gastroprotective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindauro C Pereira Júnior
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60455-760, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Samara R B D Oliveira
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60430-270, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Glauber C Lima
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60455-760, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Centro Universitário INTA (UNINTA), 62500-000, Itapipoca, CE, Brazil
| | - Francisco Diego S Chagas
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60455-760, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Venicios G Sombra
- Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60455-760, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Judith P A Feitosa
- Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60455-760, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Eliane M Soriano
- Departamento de Oceanografia e Limnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 59072-970, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Marcellus H L P Souza
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60430-270, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Lorena M A Silva
- Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical, 60511-110, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Regina C M de Paula
- Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60455-760, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Renan O S Damasceno
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-420, Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - Ana Lúcia P Freitas
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60455-760, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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Shine VJ, Anuja GI, Latha PG, Suja SR, Abraham S, G. Nair V, Rajasekharan S. Evaluation of CYP2D, CYP1A2 and distribution of tetrandrine, fangchinoline in the brain, liver, and kidney of wistar rats after short-term exposure to Cyclea peltata. Pharmacogn Mag 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_166_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Shine VJ, Anuja GI, Suja SR, Raj G, Latha PG. Bioassay guided fractionation of Cyclea peltata using in vitro RAW 264.7 cell culture, antioxidant assays and isolation of bioactive compound tetrandrine. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2020; 11:281-286. [PMID: 30366785 PMCID: PMC7527820 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclea peltata is one of the herbs mentioned in ancient scriptures of Ayurveda and is used in different types of Ayurvedic gritham preparations. Moreover, in traditional/tribal medicine C. peltata is used as digestive, anti-inflammatory, diuretic and to treat jaundice, digestive disorders, etc. OBJECTIVE: Activity guided fractionation of C. peltata and in correlation with the levels of bioactive compound tetrandrine. MATERIALS AND METHODS Preliminary phytochemical screening, estimation of total alkaloid content, preparation of different extracts of C. peltata (crude extract CP, hexane extract HCP, chloroform extract CCP, methanol extract MCP, alkaloid fraction ACP). In vitro anti-inflammatory studies using RAW 264.7 cells and in vitro antioxidant assays of the different extracts of C. peltata. HPTLC estimation of tetrandrine (TET) was carried out using solvent system toluene: ethyl acetate: diethylamine (7.2: 2: 0.8) and isolation of TET from ACP. RESULTS Preliminary phytochemical studies of C. peltata showed the presence of alkaloid content in all extracts. Whereas, saponins, steroids and terpenoids were detected in CP and CCP. ACP and TET showed significant in vitro anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity when compared to other extracts. ACP and TET (100 μg/ml) treatment significantly inhibited the mRNA expression of iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α in LPS treated RAW 264.7 cells. HPTLC estimation of bioactive compound tetrandrine was highest in ACP-228.4 μg/mg followed by CP-29.62 μg/mg, CCP-23.46 μg/mg, MCP-18.82 μg/mg and HCP-1.25 μg/mg. TET has been isolated from ACP. CONCLUSION The results of the present in vitro assays revealed that the alkaloid fraction (ACP) is the most active fraction when compared to other extracts and has a positive correlation with the levels of bioactive compound tetrandrine.
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Affiliation(s)
- V J Shine
- Ethnomedicine and Ethnopharmacology Division, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram, 695562, India.
| | - G I Anuja
- Ethnomedicine and Ethnopharmacology Division, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram, 695562, India
| | - S R Suja
- Ethnomedicine and Ethnopharmacology Division, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram, 695562, India
| | - Gopan Raj
- Department of Chemistry, Sree Narayana College, Punalur, Kollam, 691305, Kerala, India
| | - P G Latha
- Ethnomedicine and Ethnopharmacology Division, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram, 695562, India
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Abstract
Background:
Peptic ulcer is a deep gastrointestinal erosion disorder that involves
the entire mucosal thickness and can even penetrate the muscular mucosa. Nowadays, several
plants and compounds derived from it have been screened for their antiulcer activity. In
the last few years, there has been an exponential growth in the field of herbal medicine. This
field has gained popularity in both developing and developed countries because of their natural
origin and less side effects.
Objective:
This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of currently available
knowledge of medicinal plants and phytoconstituents reported for their anti-ulcer properties.
Methods:
The worldwide accepted database like SCOPUS, PUBMED, SCIELO, NISCAIR,
ScienceDirect, Springerlink, Web of Science, Wiley, SciFinder and Google Scholar were
used to retrieve available published literature.
Results:
A comprehensive review of the present paper is an attempt to list the plants with
antiulcer activity. The review narrates the dire need to explore potential chemical moieties
that exert an antiulcer effect, from unexploited traditional plants. Furthermore, the present
study reveals the intense requirement to exploit the exact mechanism through which either
the plant extracts or their active constituents exhibit their antiulcer properties.
Conclusion:
This article is the compilation of the plants and its constituents reported for the
treatment of peptic ulcers. The Comprehensive data will surely attract the number of investigators
to initiate further research that might lead to the drugs for the treatment of ulcers. As
sufficient scientific data is not available on plants, most of the herbals cannot be recommended
for the treatment of diseases. This can be achieved by research on pure chemical
structures derived from plants or to prepare new lead compounds with proven beneficial
preclinical in vitro and in vivo effects. However, a lot remains to be done in further investigations
for the better status of medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minky Mukhija
- Ch. Devi Lal College of Pharmacy, Buria Road, Bhagwangarh, Jagadhri-135003, India
| | - Bhuwan Chandra Joshi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sardar Bhagwan Singh Post Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Research, Balawala, Dehradun-248001, India
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Torres OJM, Santos OJD, Moura RSD, Serra HO, Ramos VP, Melo SPDC, Loureiro CMB. ACTIVITY OF ORBIGNYA PHALERATA AND EUTERPE EDULES IN THE PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF PEPTIC ULCER IN RATS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 31:e1390. [PMID: 30133682 PMCID: PMC6097162 DOI: 10.1590/0102-672020180001e1390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peptic ulcer is considered a public health problem associated with loss of quality of life. Does not exist optimal therapeutic regimen. The search for alternative treatments using foods or plants that may assist in gastric protection may become marked in this population because of their easy access and low cost. AIM To study the antiulcerogenic activity of extracts of Orbignya phalerata (babaçu) and Euterpe edules (juçara) in Wistar rats after induction of peptic ulcer, compared with Omeprazole. METHOD Forty Wistar rats were distributed into four groups: group I, II, III, IV (10 rats each) subjected to extract of Orbignya phalerata, Euterpe edules, Omeprazole and ethanol, respectively. Each group of 10 rats was divided into subgroups of five for prophylaxis and therapeutic study. RESULTS The pre-treatment with juçara extract has provided a significant protection against peptic ulcer induced by ethanol. In the prophylactic subgroup, Omeprazole resulted in protection. In addition to protection against peptic ulcer, inflammation and neocapillarization were also variables with a statistical significance in the prophylaxis subgroups using omeprazole and juçara. In the therapeutic subgroup, omeprazole, juçara and babaçu were statistically different as for protection against the presence of inflammation and the healing of ulcers. CONCLUSION The extracts of juçara and babaçu behaved as the omeprazole, evidencing the therapeutic activity of these extracts.
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Anuja GI, Shine VJ, Latha PG, Suja SR. Protective effect of ethyl acetate fraction of Drynaria quercifolia against CCl 4 induced rat liver fibrosis via Nrf2/ARE and NFκB signalling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 216:79-88. [PMID: 29174446 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Drynaria quercifolia rhizome is traditionally used as hepatoprotective drug especially in chronic jaundice. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was undertaken to scientifically evaluate the efficacy of D. quercifolia rhizome against liver fibrosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS D. quercifolia rhizome crude extract (DQ) and its fractions of hexane (HDQ), ethyl acetate (EDQ), butanol (BDQ) were evaluated in vitro using primary hepatocytes and RAW 264.7 cells. In vivo anti-liver fibrotic activity of EDQ was assessed using CCl4 induced liver fibrosis in Wistar rats and serum biochemical parameters (AST, ALT, ALP, SB, cholesterol), MDA, PT, INR, GSH, SOD, CAT, liver glycogen, serum albumin levels were monitored. qRT-PCR analysis of TNF-α, COX-2, iNOS were performed. ELISA method was used to estimate TNF-α, COX-1 & 2. Histopathological studies like H & E, Masson's trichrome, immunohistochemistry staining for α-SMA, TIMP-1, Nrf2 were conducted. LC-Q-TOF-MS analysis of EDQ was conducted. RESULTS In vitro activity guided fractionation of D. quercifolia revealed EDQ as active fraction when compared to other extracts. EDQ treatment significantly inhibited the expression of α-SMA, TIMP-1, COX-2, TNF-α, iNOS and increased the levels of Nrf2 in rat liver fibrosis. LC-Q-TOF-MS analysis of EDQ confirmed the presence of naringin and naringenin. CONCLUSION The anti-liver fibrotic activity of EDQ is via inhibition of NFκB signalling pathway, antioxidant response through Nrf2 activation and further inhibition of HSC activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G I Anuja
- Ethnomedicine and Ethnopharmacology Division, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram 695562, Kerela, India.
| | - V J Shine
- Ethnomedicine and Ethnopharmacology Division, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram 695562, Kerela, India
| | - P G Latha
- Ethnomedicine and Ethnopharmacology Division, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram 695562, Kerela, India
| | - S R Suja
- Ethnomedicine and Ethnopharmacology Division, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram 695562, Kerela, India
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Lin JT, Liu SC, Kuo LC, Yang DJ. Composition of phenolic compounds and antioxidant attributes of Cyclea gracillima Diels extracts. J Food Drug Anal 2018; 26:193-200. [PMID: 29389555 PMCID: PMC9332655 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclea gracillima Diels is a Taiwanese native medicinal herb. However, there are currently few relevant reports on its biochemical activity. In this study, the antioxidant attributes of the ethanol and hot water extracts of this herb were assayed using in vitro models, including the following: 2,2-diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)-hydrazyl radical scavenging, Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity, reducing power, and chelating ferrous ions. The following biochemical models were also assayed: inhibition of human low density lipoprotein oxidation, inhibition of human erythrocyte hemolysis, and scavenging oxygen radicals in human blood. The composition and content of flavonoids and phenolic acids in these extracts were also analyzed. The results showed that these extracts with high polyphenol levels presented remarkable antioxidant effects in all assays, especially when extracted with ethanol. Six phenolic acids (mainly ferulic acid, sinapic acid, and syringic acid) and 12 flavonoids (mainly narigenin, myricetin, naringin, and apigenin) were found in these extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jau-Tien Lin
- Department of Medical Applied Chemistry, Chung Shan Medical University, and Department of Medical Education, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, 110, Section 1, Jianguo North Road, Taichung 40201,
Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chuan Liu
- Department of Health Diet and Industry Management, Chung Shan Medical University, and Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, 110, Section 1, Jianguo North Road, Taichung 40201,
Taiwan
| | - Li-Chun Kuo
- Department of Health Diet and Industry Management, Chung Shan Medical University, and Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, 110, Section 1, Jianguo North Road, Taichung 40201,
Taiwan
| | - Deng-Jye Yang
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402,
Taiwan
- Corresponding author. Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan. E-mail address: (D.-J. Yang)
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Albaayit SFA, Abba Y, Abdullah R, Abdullah N. Prophylactic effects of Clausena excavata Burum. f. leaf extract in ethanol-induced gastric ulcers. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2016; 10:1973-86. [PMID: 27366052 PMCID: PMC4914073 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s103993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Clausena excavata is a natural herb with both antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It has been used for decades in folkloric practice for the amelioration of various ailments. In this study, the gastroprotective activity of methanolic extract of C. excavata leaves (MECE) was determined in the Sprague Dawley rat ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model. Rats were pretreated with a single dose of vehicle (5% Tween 20), 20 mg/mL omeprazole, 400 and 200 mg/mL of MECE dissolved in 5% Tween 20. Ulcer was induced with 5 mL/kg of ethanol and stomach tissue was obtained after 1 hour. Histological examination was done on hematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid-Schiff, and immunochemically stained gastric mucosal tissues. Prostaglandin E2, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and lipid peroxidation levels of the gastric tissue homogenates were also determined. Significantly (P<0.05) smaller ulcer areas, less intense edema, and fewer leukocytes’ infiltration were observed in MECE- and omeprazole-treated than in untreated gastric mucosa with ulcer. The gastric pH, mucus production, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase contents increased, while the lipid peroxidation content decreased as a result of MECE treatment. Bcl-2-associated X protein was underexpressed, while heat shock protein 70 and transforming growth factor-beta protein were overexpressed in the ulcerated gastric mucosa tissues treated with omeprazole and MECE. Similarly, there was a reduction in the levels of tumor necrotic factor-alpha and interleukin-6, while the level of interleukin-10 was increased. This study showed that the gastroprotective effect of MECE is achieved through inhibition of gastric juice secretion and ulcer lesion development, stimulation of mucus secretion, elevation of gastric pH, reduction of reactive oxygen species production, inhibition of apoptosis in the gastric mucosa, and modulation of inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaymaa Fadhel Abbas Albaayit
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Yusuf Abba
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rasedee Abdullah
- Department of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Noorlidah Abdullah
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Zakaria ZA, Balan T, Azemi AK, Omar MH, Mohtarrudin N, Ahmad Z, Abdullah MNH, Desa MNM, Teh LK, Salleh MZ. Mechanism(s) of action underlying the gastroprotective effect of ethyl acetate fraction obtained from the crude methanolic leaves extract of Muntingia calabura. Altern Ther Health Med 2016; 16:78. [PMID: 26912079 PMCID: PMC4765037 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1041-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Muntingia calabura L. (family Muntingiaceae), commonly known as Jamaican cherry or kerukup siam in Malaysia, is used traditionally to treat various ailments. The aim of this study is to elucidate the possible underlying gastroprotective mechanisms of ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) of Muntingia calabura methanolic leaves extract (MEMC). Methods MEMC and its fractions were subjected to HPLC analysis to identify and quantify the presence of its phyto-constituents. The mechanism of gastroptotection of EAF was further investigated using pylorus ligation-induced gastric lesion rat model (100, 250, and 500 mg/kg). Macroscopic analysis of the stomach, evaluation of gastric content parameters such as volume, pH, free and total acidity, protein estimation, and quantification of mucus were carried out. The participation of nitric oxide (NO) and sulfhydryl (SH) compounds was evaluated and the superoxide dismutase (SOD), gluthathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and NO level in the ethanol induced stomach tissue homogenate was determined. Results HPLC analysis confirmed the presence of quercetin and gallic acid in EAF. In pylorus-ligation model, EAF significantly (p <0.001) prevent gastric lesion formation. Volume of gastric content and total protein content reduced significantly (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively), while free and total acidity reduced in the doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg (p <0.001 and p <0.05, respectively). EAF also augmented the mucus content significantly (p < 0.001). Pre-treatment with N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) or N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) reversed the gastroprotective activity of EAF. EAF treatment markedly ameliorated the SOD, GSH and CAT activity and PGE2 and NO level while attenuating MDA level, relative to the vehicle group. Conclusions In conclusion, the underlying gastroprotective mechanisms of EAF could be associated with the antisecretory, participation of mucus, antiperoxidative, improvement of antioxidant status, modulation of NO and SH compounds, stimulation of PGE2 as well as presence of quercetin and gallic acid.
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Sidahmed HMA, Hashim NM, Abdulla MA, Ali HM, Mohan S, Abdelwahab SI, Taha MME, Fai LM, Vadivelu J. Antisecretory, gastroprotective, antioxidant and anti-Helicobcter pylori activity of zerumbone from Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Smith. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121060. [PMID: 25798602 PMCID: PMC4370679 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zingiber zerumbet Smith is a perennial herb, broadly distributed in many tropical areas. In Malaysia, it's locally known among the Malay people as "lempoyang" and its rhizomes, particularly, is widely used in traditional medicine for the treatment of peptic ulcer disease beyond other gastric disorders. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of the current study is to evaluate the gastroprotective effect of zerumbone, the main bioactive compound of Zingiber zerumbet rhizome, against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats were pre-treated with zerumbone and subsequently exposed to acute gastric ulcer induced by absolute ethanol administration. Following treatment, gastric juice acidity, ulcer index, mucus content, histological analysis (HE and PAS), immunohistochemical localization for HSP-70, prostaglandin E2 synthesis (PGE2), non-protein sulfhydryl gastric content (NP-SH), reduced glutathione level (GSH), and malondialdehyde level (MDA) were evaluated in ethanol-induced ulcer in vivo. Ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP) and anti-H. pylori activity were investigated in vitro. RESULTS The results showed that the intragastric administration of zerumbone protected the gastric mucosa from the aggressive effect of ethanol-induced gastric ulcer, coincided with reduced submucosal edema and leukocyte infiltration. This observed gastroprotective effect of zerumbone was accompanied with a significant (p <0.05) effect of the compound to restore the lowered NP-SH and GSH levels, and to reduce the elevated MDA level into the gastric homogenate. Moreover, the compound induced HSP-70 up-regulation into the gastric tissue. Furthermore, zerumbone significantly (p <0.05) enhanced mucus production, showed intense PAS stain and maintained PG content near to the normal level. The compound exhibited antisecretory activity and an interesting minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against H. pylori strain. CONCLUSION The results of the present study revealed that zerumbone promotes ulcer protection, which might be attributed to the maintenance of mucus integrity, antioxidant activity, and HSP-70 induction. Zerumbone also exhibited antibacterial action against H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Najihah Mohd Hashim
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mahmood Ameen Abdulla
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hapipah Mohd Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala, Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Syam Mohan
- Medical Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Loke Mun Fai
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jamuna Vadivelu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Shine VJ, Latha PG, Suja SNR, Anuja GI, Raj G, Rajasekharan SN. Ameliorative effect of alkaloid extract of Cyclea peltata (Poir.) Hook. f. & Thoms. roots (ACP) on APAP/CCl4 induced liver toxicity in Wistar rats and in vitro free radical scavenging property. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2014; 4:143-51. [PMID: 25182286 DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(14)60223-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the hepatoprotective and antioxidant properties of alkaloid extract of Cyclea peltata (C. peltata) against paracetamol/carbon tetra chloride induced liver damage in Wistar rats. METHODS In vivo paracetamol/carbon tetrachloride induced liver damage in Wistar rats, in vitro free radical scavenging studies, HPTLC estimation of tetrandrine and direct analysis in real time- mass spectrometry of alkaloid extract of C. peltata were used for the validation. RESULTS The results showed that pretreatment with alkaloid extract of C. peltata caused significant reduction of serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase, serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, serum alkaline phosphatase, serum cholesterol, liver malondialdehyde levels. The reduced glutathione, catalase, superoxide dismutase levels in liver were increased with alkaloid extract of C. peltata treatment. These results were almost comparable to silymarin and normal control. Histopathological studies also substantiated the biochemical findings. The in vitro hydroxyl, superoxide and DPPH scavenging study of alkaloid extract of C. peltata showed significant free radical scavenging property. CONCLUSIONS The hepatoprotective property of alkaloid extract of C. peltata against paracetamol/carbon tetrachloride may be due the synergistic action of alkaloids especially tetrandrine, fangchinoline through free radical scavenging and thus preventing oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varghese Jancy Shine
- Division of Ethnomedicine and Ethnopharmacology, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute (JNTBGRI), Trivandrum, Kerala 695562, India
| | - Panikamparambil Gopalakrishnan Latha
- Division of Ethnomedicine and Ethnopharmacology, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute (JNTBGRI), Trivandrum, Kerala 695562, India
| | - Somasekharan Nair Rajam Suja
- Division of Ethnomedicine and Ethnopharmacology, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute (JNTBGRI), Trivandrum, Kerala 695562, India
| | - Gangadharan Indira Anuja
- Division of Ethnomedicine and Ethnopharmacology, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute (JNTBGRI), Trivandrum, Kerala 695562, India
| | - Gopan Raj
- Deparment of Chemistry, Sree Narayana College, Punalur, Kollam-691305, Kerala, India
| | - Sreedharan Nair Rajasekharan
- Division of Ethnomedicine and Ethnopharmacology, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute (JNTBGRI), Trivandrum, Kerala 695562, India
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13
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Zheng YF, Xie JH, Xu YF, Liang YZ, Mo ZZ, Jiang WW, Chen XY, Liu YH, Yu XD, Huang P, Su ZR. Gastroprotective effect and mechanism of patchouli alcohol against ethanol, indomethacin and stress-induced ulcer in rats. Chem Biol Interact 2014; 222:27-36. [PMID: 25168850 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pogostemonis Herba is an important Chinese medicine widely used in the treatment of gastrointestinal dysfunction. Patchouli alcohol (PA), a tricyclic sesquiterpene, is the major active constituent of Pogostemonis Herba. This study aimed to investigate the possible anti-ulcerogenic potential of PA and the underlying mechanism against ethanol, indomethacin and water immersion restraint-induced gastric ulcers in rats. Gross and histological gastric lesions, biochemical and immunological parameters were taken into consideration. The gastric mucus content and the antisecretory activity were analyzed through pylorus ligature model in rats. Results indicated that oral administration with PA significantly reduced the ulcer areas induced by ethanol, indomethacin and water immersion restraint. PA pretreatment significantly promoted gastric prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and non-protein sulfhydryl group (NP-SH) levels, upregulated the cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA expression, and considerably boosted the gastric blood flow (GBF) and gastric mucus production in comparison with vehicle. In addition, PA modulated the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). The levels of glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT) and malonaldehyde (MDA) were also restored by PA. However, the gastric secretion parameters (pH, volume of gastric juice and pepsin) did not show any significant alteration. These findings suggest that PA exhibited significant gastroprotective effects against gastric ulceration. The underlying mechanisms might involve the stimulation of COX-mediated PGE2, improvement of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory status, preservation of GBF and NP-SH, as well as boost of gastric mucus production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Feng Zheng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Jian-Hui Xie
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yi-Fei Xu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yong-Zhuo Liang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Zhi-Zhun Mo
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Wei-Wen Jiang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Xiao-Ying Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yu-Hong Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Xiao-Dan Yu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Ping Huang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Dongguan Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan 510006, PR China.
| | - Zi-Ren Su
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Dongguan Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan 510006, PR China.
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Antioedematous and Analgesic Properties of Fertile Fronds of Drynaria quercifolia. ISRN INFLAMMATION 2014; 2014:302089. [PMID: 24575313 PMCID: PMC3918348 DOI: 10.1155/2014/302089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a complex biological response of tissue cells to harmful stimuli including trauma, tissue necrosis, and infections which plays a key role in the pathophysiology of many deadly diseases. In ethnomedicine Drynaria quercifolia fronds are used to treat inflammation as poultice on swellings and as antibacterial, hepatoprotective, and antipyretic agent. Herein, we have evaluated the antioedematous, antiproliferative, and analgesic properties of the ethanolic extract of fertile fronds of D. quercifolia (FF) by standard procedures. Oral administration of FF produced significant inhibition of carrageenan and histamine induced paw oedema in Wistar rats. FF significantly reduced both wet weight and dry weight of granuloma tissue which shows the inhibitory effect on exudative and proliferative phases of inflammation. FF significantly attenuated acute and delayed phases of formalin induced pain, acetic acid-induced writhing, capsaicin-induced nociception, and hot plate test in mice. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of coumarins, flavonoids, glycosides, phenolics, saponins, steroids, tannins, and terpenoids. Total phenolic content was 186 mg/g equivalent of gallic acid. The HPLC estimation showed flavanone glycoside naringin (1.2%) and its aglycone naringenin (0.02%). The presence of potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic principles in FF and their synergistic action may be the reason for the proposed therapeutic effects.
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Raja RDA, Jeeva S, Prakash JW, Antonisamy JM, Irudayaraj V. Antibacterial activity of selected ethnomedicinal plants from South India. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2011; 4:375-8. [PMID: 21771680 DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(11)60107-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2011] [Revised: 02/27/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To screen the antimicrobial potential of three ethnomedicinal plants Chassalia curviflora Thw. (C. curviflora), Cyclea peltata Hook. F. & Thomson (C. peltata) and Euphorbia hirta L (E. hirta) used in folk medicines in Aarukani hills Kani tribe, Tamil Nadu, India against human bacterial pathogens. METHODS Antibacterial efficacy was performed by disc diffusion method against the pathogens viz., Escherichia coli (E. coli) (ATCC 35218), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) (ATCC 6538), Salmonella typhi (S. typhi) (MTCC 733), Proteus vulgaris (P. vulgaris), Proteus mirabilis (P. mirabilis) and Streptococcus pyogenes (S. pyogenes) and incubated for 24 h at 37 °C. RESULTS The maximum degree of antibacterial activity was observed in C. peltata followed by C. curviflora. While E. hirta showed comparatively low degree of antibacterial activity. The methanolic extract of C. peltata showed the antibacterial activity against three pathogens viz., S. pyogenes, P. vulgaris and E. coli with the inhibition zones 12 mm, 10 mm and 9 mm, respectively. hexane extracts of C. peltata also showed the antibacterial activity against two selected pathogens viz., P. vulgaris and P. mirabilis with 15 mm and 12 mm of inhibition zones. All the three different concentrations (0.25, 0.50 & 0.75 mg/mL) of methanolic extract of C. peltata show the inhibitory effect on the three susceptible bacteria S. pyogenes, P. vulgaris and E. coli with the maximum inhibition in the highest concentration (0.75 mg/mL). The methanolic and hexane extracts of C. curviflora exhibited the antibacterial activity against only one bacterium each i.e. P. vulgaris and S. typhi with the maximum zone of inhibition 13 and 11 mm respectively. The methanolic and hexane extracts of E. hirta exhibited the antibacterial activity against only one bacterium i.e. S. pyogenes with the maximum zone of inhibition 13 and 11 mm respectively. CONCLUSIONS The present investigation revealed that the C. curviflora, C. peltata and E. hirta are potentially good source of antibacterial agents and demonstrates the importance of such plants in traditional medicines.
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Melese E, Asres K, Asad M, Engidawork E. Evaluation of the antipeptic ulcer activity of the leaf extract of Plantago lanceolata L. in rodents. Phytother Res 2011; 25:1174-80. [PMID: 21298726 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2010] [Revised: 11/17/2010] [Accepted: 12/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The effect of the leaf extract of Plantago lanceolata L. (Plantaginaceae) on gastric secretion and cytoprotection was evaluated using different models of gastroduodenal ulcer, including acetic acid induced chronic gastric ulcer, indomethacin induced gastric ulcer, cysteamine induced duodenal ulcer and pylorus ligation induced gastric ulcer. The aqueous extract was administered at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg and 140 mg/kg and 280 mg/kg for mice and rats, respectively, and compared with vehicle or the standard, ranitidine (50 or 70 mg/kg) or misopristol (280 μg/kg). In addition, activity of the mucilage (172 mg/kg) was also evaluated in acetic acid induced chronic gastric ulcer. Administration was done orally except in pylorus ligation, where the intraduodenal route was used. In all cases, higher doses of the extract provided better protection than lower doses and the mucilage, hinting at a dose-dependent effect. Whilst higher doses of the extract showed a better healing of the ulcer as well as protection in indomethacin and pylorus ligation models, activities of lesser magnitude than ranitidine were noted in the cysteamine model. Together these findings indicate that higher doses used in the present study provided an overall better protection against gastroduodenal ulcers than the standard drugs employed through antisecretory and cytoprotective mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endale Melese
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia
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