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Saher U, Ovais Omer M, Javeed A, Ahmad Anjum A, Rehman K, Awan T. Soluble laticifer proteins from Calotropis procera as an effective candidates for antimicrobial therapeutics. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103659. [PMID: 37181638 PMCID: PMC10172833 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Calotropis procera is a latex-producing plant with plenty of pharmacologically active compounds. The principal motivation behind this study was to separate and characterize laticifer proteins to check their antimicrobial potential. Laticifer proteins were separated by gel filtration chromatography (GFC) and investigated using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The SDS-PAGE assay detected proteins of molecular weights of 10 to 30 kDa but most of them were in the range of 25 to 30 kDa. The soluble laticifer proteins (SLPs) were tested against Gram-positive bacteria i.e., Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus whereas Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were tested as Gram-negative bacteria, we determined a profound anti-bacterial activity of these proteins. In addition, SLPs were also investigated against Candida albicans via the agar disc diffusion method which also showed significant anti-fungal activity. SLP exhibited antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa, E. coli, and S. aureus with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 2.5 mg/mL for each, while MIC was found at 0.625 mg/mL for S. pyogenes and 1.25 mg/mL for C. albicans. Moreover, enzymatic activity evaluation of SLP showed the proteolytic nature of these proteins, and this proteolytic activity was greatly enhanced after reduction which might be due to the presence of cysteine residues in the protein structure. The activity of the SLPs obtained from the latex of C. procera can be associated with the involvement of enzymes either proteases or, protease inhibitors and/or peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzma Saher
- Department of Pharmacy, The Women University, Multan 60000, Pakistan Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ovais Omer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
- Corresponding author at: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Aqeel Javeed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Aftab Ahmad Anjum
- Department of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Kanwal Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy, The Women University, Multan 60000, Pakistan
| | - Tanzeela Awan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Women University, Multan 60000, Pakistan
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Amini MH, Ashraf K, Salim F, Meng Lim S, Ramasamy K, Manshoor N, Sultan S, Ahmad W. Important insights from the antimicrobial activity of Calotropis procera. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Tavares LS, Ralph MT, Batista JEC, Sales AC, Ferreira LCA, Usman UA, da Silva Júnior VA, Ramos MV, Lima-Filho JV. Perspectives for the use of latex peptidases from Calotropis procera for control of inflammation derived from Salmonella infections. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 171:37-43. [PMID: 33418044 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-inflammatory properties have been attributed to latex proteins of the medicinal plant Calotropis procera. PURPOSE A mixture of cysteine peptidases (LPp2) from C. procera latex was investigated for control of inflammatory mediators and inflammation in a mouse model of Salmonella infection. METHODS LPp2 peptidase activity was confirmed by the BANA assay. Cytotoxicity assays were conducted with immortalized macrophages. Peritoneal macrophages (pMØ) from Swiss mice were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in 96-well plates and then cultured with nontoxic concentrations of LPp2. Swiss mice intravenously received LPp2 (10 mg/kg) and then were challenged intraperitoneally with virulent Salmonella enterica Ser. Typhimurium. RESULTS LPp2 was not toxic at dosages lower than 62.2 μg/mL. LPp2 treatments of pMØ stimulated with LPS impaired mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10. LPp2 increased the intracellular bacterial killing in infected pMØ. Mice given LPp2 had a lower number of leukocytes in the peritoneal cavity in comparison to control groups 6 h after infection. The bacterial burden and histological damage were widespread in target organs of mice receiving LPp2. CONCLUSION We conclude that LPp2 contains peptidases with strong anti-inflammatory properties, which may render mice more susceptible to early disseminated infection caused by Salmonella.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Taciana Ralph
- Department of Biology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Clarissa Sales
- Department of Biology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Usman Abdulhadi Usman
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Marcio Viana Ramos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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Sousa BF, Silva AFBD, Lima-Filho JV, Agostinho AG, Oliveira DN, de Alencar NMN, de Freitas CDT, Ramos MV. Latex proteins downregulate inflammation and restores blood-coagulation homeostasis in acute Salmonella infection. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2020; 115:e200458. [PMID: 33237133 PMCID: PMC7682140 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760200458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calotropis procera latex protein fraction (LP) was previously shown to protect animals from septic shock. Further investigations showed that LP modulate nitric oxide and cytokines levels. OBJECTIVES To evaluate whether the protective effects of LP, against lethal bacterial infection, is observed in its subfractions (LPPII and LPPIII). METHODS Subfractions (5 and 10 mg/kg) were tested by i.p. administration, 24 h before challenging with lethal injection (i.p.) of Salmonella Typhimurium. LPPIII (5 mg/kg) which showed higher survival rate was assayed to evaluate bacterial clearance, histopathology, leukocyte recruitment, plasma coagulation time, cytokines and NO levels. FINDINGS LPPIII protected 70% of animals of death. The animals given LPPIII exhibited reduced bacterial load in blood and peritoneal fluid after 24 h compared to the control. LPPIII promoted macrophage infiltration in spleen and liver. LPPIII restored the coagulation time of infected animals, increased IL-10 and reduced NO in blood. MAIN CONCLUSIONS LPPIII recruited macrophages to the target organs of bacterial infection. This addressed inflammatory stimulus seems to reduce bacterial colonisation in spleen and liver, down regulate bacterial spread and contribute to avoid septic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Ferraz Sousa
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | | | - José Vitor Lima-Filho
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Departamento de Biologia, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - Anderson Gomes Agostinho
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | | | | | | | - Márcio Viana Ramos
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
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Silva AF, Sousa JS, Cunha PL, Lima-Filho JV, Alencar NM, Freitas CD, Oliveira CL, Ramos MV. Erythrocytes morphology and hemorheology in severe bacterial infection. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2019; 114:e190326. [PMID: 31859703 PMCID: PMC6917465 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760190326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe bacterial infections initiate inadequate inflammation that leads to
disseminated intravascular coagulation and death. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the influence of bacterial infection on blood viscosity and red
blood cells (RBCs) morphology, and the ability of Calotropis
procera proteins (CpLP) to prevent the patho-hemorheology in
infected animals. METHODS Rheology of blood, atomic force microscopy measurements on specific blood
elements and blood count were performed to examine changes in blood
viscosity, RBCs morphology, platelets activation, and RBCs indices. FINDINGS Infected mice hold their blood rheological behaviour as compared to that of
the control group. However, they presented hyperactivated platelets, RBCs at
different stages of eryptosis, and variation on RBCs indices. CpLP
administration in healthy animals altered blood behaviour from pseudoplastic
to Bingham-like fluid. Such effect disappeared over time and by inhibiting
its proteases. No alterations were observed in RBCs morphology or platelets.
Treatment of infected animals with CpLP prevented the changes in RBCs
indices and morphology. MAIN CONCLUSIONS The inflammatory process triggered by bacterial infection induced
pathological changes in RBCs and platelets activation. Treatment of infected
animals with CpLP prevented the emergence of RBCs abnormal morphology and
this may have implications in the protective effect of CpLP, avoiding animal
death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayrles Fb Silva
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - Jeanlex S Sousa
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Física, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - Pablyana Lr Cunha
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - José V Lima-Filho
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Departamento de Biologia, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - Nylane Mn Alencar
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - Cleverson Dt Freitas
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - Claudio Ln Oliveira
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Física, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - Marcio V Ramos
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
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Licá ICL, Soares AMDS, de Mesquita LSS, Malik S. Biological properties and pharmacological potential of plant exudates. Food Res Int 2018; 105:1039-1053. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Cytotoxicity against tumor cell lines and anti-inflammatory properties of chitinases from Calotropis procera latex. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2017; 390:1005-1013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-017-1397-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Ahmed OM, Fahim HI, Boules MW, Ahmed HY. Cardiac and testicular toxicity effects of the latex and ethanolic leaf extract of Calotropis procera on male albino rats in comparison to abamectin. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:1644. [PMID: 27722062 PMCID: PMC5033794 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-3326-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The present study aims to assess the toxic effect of latex and ethanolic leaf extract of Calotropis procera (C. procera), in comparison to abamectin, on serum biomarkers of function and histological integrity of heart and testis in male albino rats. To achieve this aim, the albino rats were separately administered 1/20 and 1/10 of LD50 of C. procera latex, ethanolic C. procera leaf extract and abamectin respectively by oral gavage for 4 and 8 weeks. C. procera latex and leaf extract as well as abamectin markedly elevated the activities of serum CK-MB, AST and LDH at the two tested periods in a dose dependent manner. Lipid peroxidation was significantly increased while GSH level and GPx, GST and SOD activities were significantly depleted in heart and testis of all treated rats. All treatments also induced a marked increase in serum TNF-α and decrease in serum IL-4, testosterone, FSH and LH levels in a dose dependent manner. The latex seemed to be more effective in deteriorating the testicular function and sex hormones’ levels while the ethanolic leaf extract produced more deleterious effects on oxidative stress and antioxidant defense system in both heart and testis. The normal histological architecture and integrity of the heart and testis were perturbed after treatments and the severity of lesions, which include odema, inflammatory cell infiltration, necrosis and degeneration, is dose and time dependent. In conclusion, the findings of this study indicated that C. procera latex and ethanolic extract of leaves could induce marked toxicity in heart and testis and these toxic effects may be more or less similar to those of abamectin. The cardiotoxicity and testicular toxicity may be mediated via stimulation of inflammation, increased oxidative stress and suppression of antioxidant defense system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama M Ahmed
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Hanaa I Fahim
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Magdy W Boules
- Rodents Division, Harmful Animals Department, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Heba Y Ahmed
- Rodents Division, Harmful Animals Department, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
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Nascimento DCDO, Ralph MT, Batista JEC, Silva DMF, Gomes-Filho MA, Alencar NM, Leal NC, Ramos MV, Lima-Filho JV. Latex protein extracts from Calotropis procera with immunomodulatory properties protect against experimental infections with Listeria monocytogenes. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 23:745-753. [PMID: 27235713 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2016.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The latex from the medicinal plant Calotropis procera is often used in folk medicine against infectious and inflammatory diseases. PURPOSE In this study, we investigate a protein fraction with immunomodulatory properties, named LPPI, against experimental infections, in vitro and in vivo, with a virulent strain of Listeria monocytogenes. STUDY DESIGN LPPI was exposed to cultured macrophages or Swiss mice and then challenged with L. monocytogenes. METHODS Peritoneal macrophages were obtained from Swiss mice, and cultured in 96-well microplates. Soluble latex proteins (LP) were subjected to fractionation by ion-exchange chromatography. The major peak (LPPI) was added into wells at 10 or 100µg/ml. Albumin (100µg/ml) was used for comparison between protein treatments. After incubation for 1h at 5% CO2/ 37°C, the supernatant was discarded and 0.2ml of L. monocytogenes overnight culture was added in the wells. Following 4h and 24h infection, the cytokine mRNA expression was evaluated as well as the number of intracellular colony forming units. Swiss mice (n=16) were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with LPPI (5 and 10mg/kg) while the control mice received albumin (10mg/kg) or LP (10mg/kg). After 24h, all animal groups were challenged with L. monocytogenes (10(6) CFU/ ml), also by i.p. route. RESULTS LPPI was not toxic to uninfected macrophages (pMØ) and significantly increased mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and iNOS. Following infection, cell viability was reduced by 50% in albumin-treated pMØ (control); but only 17% in pMØ treated with LPPI at 100µg/ml. In this case, LPPI increased expression of TNF-α and IL-6 whereas the number of bacterial colony-forming units was reduced 100-fold in comparison to control groups. Swiss mice pretreated with LPPI showed dose-dependent survival rates that reached 80%, while mice that received albumin died 1-3 days after infection. After 24h infection, leukocyte migration to the infectious foci was high in LPPI-treated mice whereas the number of viable bacteria in the peritoneal fluid, liver and bloodstream were significantly reduced. CONCLUSION We conclude that LPPI present immunomodulatory properties that are beneficial for prevention of systemic bacterial infections caused by the intracellular bacteria L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Taciana Ralph
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife-PE, Brazil
| | | | - Diogo Manoel Farias Silva
- Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife-PE, Brazil
| | - Manoel Adrião Gomes-Filho
- Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife-PE, Brazil
| | - Nylane Maria Alencar
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil
| | - Nilma Cintra Leal
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Centro de Pesquisa Aggeu Magalhães, Fiocruz, Recife, PE
| | - Márcio Viana Ramos
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil
| | - Jose Vitor Lima-Filho
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife-PE, Brazil.
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Silva AF, Matos MP, Ralph MT, Silva DL, de Alencar NM, Ramos MV, Lima-Filho JV. Comparison of immunomodulatory properties of mannose-binding lectins from Canavalia brasiliensis and Cratylia argentea in a mice model of Salmonella infection. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 31:233-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Revised: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Safavi M, Shams-Ardakani M, Foroumadi A. Medicinal plants in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infections. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 53:939-960. [PMID: 25430849 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.952837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Helicobacter pylori is a small, spiral, Gram-negative bacillus that plays a role in the pathogenesis of a number of diseases ranging from asymptomatic gastritis to gastric cancer. Schedule compliance, antibiotic drug resistance, and side-effects of triple or quadruple therapy have led to research for novel candidates from plants. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this paper is to review the most potent medicinal plants of recently published literature with anti-H. pylori activity. For centuries, herbals have been used by traditional healers around the world to treat various gastrointestinal tract disorders such as dyspepsia, gastritis, and peptic ulcer disease. The mechanism of action by which these botanicals exert their therapeutic properties has not been completely and clearly elucidated. Anti-H. pylori properties may be one of the possible mechanisms by which gastroprotective herbs treat gastrointestinal tract disorders. MATERIALS AND METHODS Electronic databases such as PubMed, Google scholar, EBSCO, and local databases were explored for medicinal plants with anti-H. pylori properties between 1984 and 2013 using key words "medicinal plants" and "Helicobacter pylori" or "anti-Helicobacter pylori". RESULTS A total of 43 medicinal plant species belonging to 27 families including Amaryllidaceae, Anacardiaceae, Apiaceae, Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae, Asteraceae, Bignoniaceae, Clusiaceae, Chancapiedra, Combretaceae, Cyperaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Geraniaceae, Lamiaceae, Lauraceae, Lythraceae, Menispermaceae, Myristicaceae, Myrtaceae, Oleaceae, Papaveraceae, Plumbaginaceae, Poaceae, Ranunculaceae, Rosaceae, and Theaceae were studied as herbs with potent anti-H. pylori effects. CONCLUSION Traditional folk medicinal use of some of these plants to treat gastric infections is substantiated by the antibacterial activity of their extracts against H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maliheh Safavi
- Department of Biotechnology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST) , Tehran , Iran
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Chaudhary P, de Araújo Viana C, Ramos MV, Kumar VL. Antiedematogenic and antioxidant properties of high molecular weight protein sub-fraction of Calotropis procera latex in rat. J Basic Clin Pharm 2015; 6:69-73. [PMID: 25767367 PMCID: PMC4357003 DOI: 10.4103/0976-0105.152098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The aim was to evaluate the effect of high molecular weight protein fraction of Calotropis procera latex on edema formation and oxidative stress in carrageenan-induced paw inflammation. Methods: A sub-plantar injection of carrageenan was given to induce edema in the hind paw of the rat. The inhibitory effect of high molecular weight protein fraction of C. procera latex was evaluated following intravenous administration (5 and 25 mg/kg body weight) and was compared with that of diclofenac given orally (5 mg/kg). The levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were measured in the inflamed paw tissue at the end of the study. Results: The high molecular weight protein fraction obtained from the latex of C. procera produced a dose-dependent inhibition of edema formation that was accompanied by normalization of levels of oxidative stress markers (GSH and TBARS) and MPO, a marker for neutrophils in the paw tissue. Conclusions: The high molecular weight protein fraction of C. procera latex ameliorates acute inflammation in the paw through its antioxidant effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Chaudhary
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Carolina de Araújo Viana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, 60451-970 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Marcio V Ramos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, 60451-970 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Vijay L Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Kumar VL, Sharma N, Souza ICDC, Ramos MV, Carvalho CPDS. Proteins derived from in vitro culture of the callus and roots of Calotropis procera ameliorate acute inflammation in the rat paw. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 175:1724-31. [PMID: 25424282 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-1361-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The callus and roots developed from the hypocotyl and cotyledon explants of the germinating seeds of Calotropis procera were grown in culture, and the proteins isolated from them (CP and RP) were evaluated for their efficacy in inhibiting edema formation induced by sub-plantar injection of carrageenan in the hind paw of rat. Intravenous administration of both CP and RP 30 min before inducing inflammation produced a dose-dependent inhibition of edema formation at 1 and 5 mg/kg doses. The extents of inhibition with these proteins ranged between 40 and 70 % at the doses included while the anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac produced 50 to 60 % inhibition at 5 mg/kg dose. The inhibitory effect with these proteins was accompanied by a dose-dependent reduction in the tissue levels of inflammatory mediators, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and oxidative stress markers namely glutathione and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and maintenance of tissue architecture. The present study shows that the proteins isolated from the differentiated and undifferentiated tissues derived from the germinating seeds have therapeutic application in the treatment of inflammatory conditions, and these tissues could be used as an alternative source to minimize variability of plant-derived formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay L Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India,
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Peptidases from latex of Carica candamarcensis upregulate COX-2 and IL-1 mRNA transcripts against Salmonella enterica ser. Typhimurium-mediated inflammation. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:819731. [PMID: 24757289 PMCID: PMC3976864 DOI: 10.1155/2014/819731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunomodulatory properties of a mixture of cysteine peptidases (P1G10) obtained from the fruit lattice of Carica candamarcensis were investigated. P1G10 was obtained from fresh latex samples by chromatography in a Sephadex column and initially administered to Swiss mice (n = 5; 1 or 10 mg/kg) via i.p. After 30 min, the mice were injected with carrageenan (0.5 mg/mouse) or heat-killed S. Typhimurium (10(7) CFU/mL; 100°C/30 min) into the peritoneal cavity. Afterwards, two animal groups were i.p. administered with P1G10 (n = 6; 1, 5, or 10 mg/Kg) or PBS 24 hours prior to challenge with live S. Typhimurium (10(7) CFU/mL). P1G10 stimulated the proliferation of circulating neutrophils and lymphocytes, 6 h after injection of carrageenan or heat-killed bacteria, respectively. Furthermore, survival after infection was dose-dependent and reached 60% of the animal group. On the other hand, control mice died 1-3 days after infection. The examination of mRNA transcripts in liver cells 24 h after infection confirmed fold variation increases of 5.8 and 4.8 times on average for IL-1 and COX-2, respectively, in P1G10 pretreated mice but not for TNF-α, IL-10, γ-IFN and iNOS, for which the results were comparable to untreated animals. These data are discussed in light of previous reports.
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Bilheiro RP, Braga AD, Filho ML, Carvalho-Tavares J, Agero U, Carvalho MDG, Sanchez EF, Salas CE, Lopes MTP. The thrombolytic action of a proteolytic fraction (P1G10) from Carica candamarcensis. Thromb Res 2013; 131:e175-82. [PMID: 23473638 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2013.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A group of cysteine-proteolytic enzymes from C. candamarcensis latex, designated as P1G10 displays pharmacological properties in animal models following various types of lesions. This enzyme fraction expresses in vitro fibrinolytic effect without need for plasminogen activation. Based on this evidence, we assessed by intravital microscopy the effect of P1G10 on recanalization of microvessels after thrombus induction in the ear of hairless mice. Video playback of intravital microscopic images allowed measurement of blood flow velocity (mm/s) during the experimental procedure. Groups treated with 5 or 7.5mg/Kg P1G10 showed thrombolysis between 7-15min, without vessel obstruction. Ex vivo experiments demonstrated that platelet activation by ADP is impaired in a dose dependent manner following treatment with P1G10. The P1G10 action on plasma coagulation also showed that prothrombin time (PT), thrombin time (TT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT, μg/uL) are increased in a dose dependent manner. In addition, P1G10 displayed fibrinogenolytic and fibrinolytic activities, both in a dose dependent manner. Each of these effects was suppressed by inhibition of the proteolytic activity of the fraction. The antithrombotic action of P1G10 can be explained by proteolytic cleavage of fibrinogen and fibrin, both key factors during formation of a stable thrombus. These results combined with prior evidence suggest that P1G10 has potential as thrombolytic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogério P Bilheiro
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Identification of a novel Calotropis procera protein that can suppress tumor growth in breast cancer through the suppression of NF-κB pathway. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48514. [PMID: 23284617 PMCID: PMC3527472 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women. To date, improvements in hormonal and cytotoxic therapies have not yet led to a sustained remission or cure. In the present study, we investigated the in vitro and in vivo antitumor activities of a novel Calotropis procera protein (CP-P) isolated from root bark. CP-P protein inhibited the proliferation and induced apoptosis of breast cancer cells through the suppression of nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kB) activation. CP-P, when administered individually or in combination with cyclophosphamide (CYC, 0.2 mg/kg) to rats with 7, 12-dimethyl benz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced breast cancer decreased tumor volume significantly without affecting the body weight. To elucidate the anticancer mechanism of CP-P, antioxidant activities such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione-s-transferase (GST) and non-enzymatic antioxidant - reduced glutathione (GSH), vitamin E and C generation in the breast were analyzed by various assays. SOD, CAT, GST, GSH, vitamin E and C levels were high in combination-treated groups (CP-P+CYC) versus the CYC alone-treated groups. Also, the combination was more effective in down-regulating the expression of NF-kB-regulated gene products (cyclin D1 and Bcl-2) in breast tumor tissues. Our findings indicate that CP-P possesses significant antitumor activity comparable to a commonly used anticancer drug, cyclophosphamide, and may form the basis of a novel therapy for breast cancer.
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Pilot Study with regard to the Wound Healing Activity of Protein from Calotropis procera (Ait.) R. Br. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:294528. [PMID: 22973400 PMCID: PMC3437960 DOI: 10.1155/2012/294528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Revised: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We provide the scientific basis for the use of Calotropis procera for treating skin
and wound infections in traditional medicine. The aqueous extract of stem-bark of C. procera exhibited more pronounced potent antimicrobial activity. Calo-protein was purified and identified from the most-active aqueous extracts of C. procera and showed broad-spectrum activity. Calo-protein inhibited the growth of S. aureus and E. aerogenes effectively at 25 μg/ml concentration. Mice topically treated with Calo-protein revealed significant wound healing after 14 days comparable to fusidic acid (FA) as positive control. This protein was devoid of cytolytic effect even at higher concentrations on skin cells after 24 h. Further investigation of this Calo-protein of C. procera on bacterial inhibition may provide a better understanding of the scientific basis and justification for its use in traditional medicine.
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Ramos MV, Viana CA, Silva AFB, Freitas CDT, Figueiredo IST, Oliveira RSB, Alencar NMN, Lima-Filho JVM, Kumar VL. Proteins derived from latex of C. procera maintain coagulation homeostasis in septic mice and exhibit thrombin- and plasmin-like activities. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2012; 385:455-63. [PMID: 22315016 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-012-0733-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2011] [Accepted: 01/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The proteins derived from the latex (LP) of Calotropis procera are well known for their anti-inflammatory property. In view of their protective effect reported in the sepsis model, they were evaluated for their efficacy in maintaining coagulation homeostasis in sepsis. Intraperitoneal injection of LP markedly reduced the procoagulation and thrombocytopenia observed in mice infected with Salmonella; while in normal mice, LP produced a procoagulant effect. In order to understand its mechanism of action, the LP was subjected to ion-exchange chromatography, and the three subfractions (LPPI, LPPII, and LPPIII) thus obtained were tested for their proteolytic effect and thrombin- and plasmin-like activities in vitro. Of the three subfractions tested, LPPII and LPPIII exhibited proteolytic effect on azocasein and exhibited procoagulant effect on human plasma in a concentration-dependent manner. Like trypsin and plasmin, these subfractions produced both fibrinogenolytic and fibrinolytic effects that were mediated through the hydrolysis of the Aα, Bβ, and γ chains of fibrinogen and α-polymer and γ-dimer of fibrin clot, respectively. This study shows that the cysteine proteases present in the latex of C. procera exhibit thrombin- and plasmin-like activities and suggests that these proteins have therapeutic potential in various conditions associated with coagulation abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcio V Ramos
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Campus do Pici, Bloco 907, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará CEP 60.451-970, Brazil.
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Protein fraction of Calotropis procera latex protects against 5-fluorouracil-induced oral mucositis associated with downregulation of pivotal pro-inflammatory mediators. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2012; 385:981-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-012-0778-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Inflammation induced by phytomodulatory proteins from the latex of Calotropis procera (Asclepiadaceae) protects against Salmonella infection in a murine model of typhoid fever. Inflamm Res 2012; 61:689-98. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-012-0460-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Revised: 02/26/2012] [Accepted: 03/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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In vitro tissue culture of the medicinal shrub Calotropis procera to produce pharmacologically active proteins from plant latex. Process Biochem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2011.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Kumar VL, Chaudhary P, Ramos MV, Mohan M, Matos MPV. Protective effect of proteins derived from the latex of Calotropis procera against inflammatory hyperalgesia in monoarthritic rats. Phytother Res 2011; 25:1336-41. [PMID: 21328619 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2010] [Revised: 12/31/2010] [Accepted: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Calotropis procera (family: Apocynaceae) is a plant growing in the wild and has been used in the traditional medicinal system for the treatment of various diseases. The plant produces milky latex that possesses potent antiinflammatory and analgesic properties. In present study the non-dialysable protein fraction isolated from the latex (LP) of this plant was evaluated for its efficacy against inflammation in rats where paw edema was induced by sub-plantar injection of carrageenin or monoarthritis was induced by intra-articular injection of Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA). The effect of LP was evaluated on edema volume in the paw model and on joint diameter, stair climbing ability, motility, dorsal flexion pain, levels of oxidative stress markers and joint histology in arthritis model. The protection afforded by LP was compared with that of standard antiinflammatory drug, diclofenac (5 mg/kg). LP exhibited a dose-dependent antiinflammatory effect and produced 32% and 60% inhibition of paw edema at 10 and 25 mg/kg doses and 12% and 36% inhibition of joint inflammation at 50 and 150 mg/kg doses. The protective effect of LP was associated with normalization of joint functions, histology and levels of oxidative stress markers in joint tissue. The findings of this study suggest that the protein fraction of latex of Calotropis procera has the potential to relieve inflammation and pain associated with various arthritic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay L Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India.
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Oliveira JS, Costa-Lotufo LV, Bezerra DP, Alencar NMN, Marinho-Filho JDB, Figueiredo IST, Moraes MO, Pessoa C, Alves APNN, Ramos MV. In vivo growth inhibition of sarcoma 180 by latex proteins from Calotropis procera. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2010; 382:139-49. [PMID: 20517595 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-010-0525-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2010] [Accepted: 05/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Latex of Calotropis procera has been described as a relevant source of pharmacologically active proteins, including proteins with anticancer activity. A previous in vitro study of laticifer proteins (LP) from C. procera reported that they had selective cytotoxic effects on human cancer cell lines. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of LP in vivo using mice transplanted with sarcoma 180. Biochemical, hematological, histopathological, and morphological analyses were performed in animals given LP by oral or intraperitoneal routes. LP significantly reduced tumor growth (51.83%) and augmented the survival time of animals for up to 4 days. Tumor growth inhibitory activity was lost when LP fraction was submitted to proteolysis, acidic treatment, or pretreated with iodoacetamide. However, LP retained its inhibitory activities on sarcoma 180 growth after heat treatment. Thus, it seems that heat-stable proteins are involved in tumor suppression. Biochemical parameters, such as the enzymatic activity of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase and urea content in serum were not affected in treated mice. It is worth noting that LP completely eliminated the 5-FU-induced depletion of leukocytes in mice even when given orally. The active proteins were recovered in a single fraction by ion exchange chromatography and still exhibited anticancer activity. This study confirms the pharmacological potential of proteins from the latex of C. procera to control sarcoma cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jefferson S Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Caixa Postal 6033, 60.451-970, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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