1
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Wang N, Wang Y, Zhang X, Wu Y, Zhang L, Liu G, Fu J, Li X, Mu D, Li Z. Elevated Ozone Reduces the Quality of Tea Leaves but May Improve the Resistance of Tea Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1108. [PMID: 38674517 PMCID: PMC11054534 DOI: 10.3390/plants13081108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Tropospheric ozone (O3) pollution can affect plant nutritional quality and secondary metabolites by altering plant biochemistry and physiology, which may lead to unpredictable effects on crop quality and resistance to pests and diseases. Here, we investigated the effects of O3 (ambient air, Am; ambient air +80 ppb of O3, EO3) on the quality compounds and chemical defenses of a widely cultivated tea variety in China (Camellia sinensis cv. 'Baiye 1 Hao') using open-top chamber (OTC). We found that elevated O3 increased the ratio of total polyphenols to free amino acids while decreasing the value of the catechin quality index, indicating a reduction in leaf quality for green tea. Specifically, elevated O3 reduced concentrations of amino acids and caffeine but shows no impact on the concentrations of total polyphenols in tea leaves. Within individual catechins, elevated O3 increased the concentrations of ester catechins but not non-ester catechins, resulting in a slight increase in total catechins. Moreover, elevated O3 increased the emission of biogenic volatile organic compounds involved in plant defense against herbivores and parasites, including green leaf volatiles, aromatics, and terpenes. Additionally, concentrations of main chemical defenses, represented as condensed tannins and lignin, in tea leaves also increased in response to elevated O3. In conclusion, our results suggest that elevated ground-level O3 may reduce the quality of tea leaves but could potentially enhance the resistance of tea plants to biotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuo Wang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Biodiversity Study and Ecology Conservation in Southwest Anhui, School of Life Sciences, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246133, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Yuxi Wang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Biodiversity Study and Ecology Conservation in Southwest Anhui, School of Life Sciences, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246133, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Xinyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
- College of Landscape Architecture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yiqi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
- Tea Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Guanhua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Jianyu Fu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Dan Mu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Biodiversity Study and Ecology Conservation in Southwest Anhui, School of Life Sciences, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246133, China
| | - Zhengzhen Li
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
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2
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Pu'er raw tea extract alleviates lipid deposition in both LO2 cells and Caenorhabditis elegans. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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3
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Ahmed S, Warne T, Stewart A, Byker Shanks C, Dupuis V. Role of Wild Food Environments for Cultural Identity, Food Security, and Dietary Quality in a Rural American State. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.774701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild foods are primary components of traditional and Indigenous food systems that are valued for food security while being vulnerable to global change. This case study examines practices, experiences, and perceptions associated with wild food environments through a household survey in the rural American state of Montana. Findings highlight that wild food environments contribute to cultural identity, sense of place, food security, and dietary quality of surveyed households while being vulnerable to loss of traditional ecological knowledge as well as climate and land-use change. Of the 182 informants, 80% hunt, 83% fish, and 68% forage wild botanicals. More than half of the informants agreed that wild food procurement is part of their cultural identity (66%). Collectively, informants procure more than 172 wild food species with the most prevalent being deer, waterfowl, elk, trout, bass, a range of berries, mushrooms, and botanicals used medicinally. Participants have a multidimensional value system where wild food procurement is valued for diets, recreation, family time, spirituality, and connection to the environment. The majority of participants agreed that the consumption of wild foods contributes to the nutritional quality (87%) and diversity (82%) of their diets while lowering food costs (59%). At least half of the informants reported observing changes in climate patterns over the past decade including increased temperature (50%) and more extreme and variable weather patterns (38%) that they perceive are impacting wild food environments including shifts in wild game, fish, and edible plant populations. Based on findings, we support that wild food environments and associated bio-cultural resources are a critical place to understand, conserve, and promote for nutrition. We thus advance the concept of “conservation for nutrition”. Community engagement, education, and policy plans are called for to promote wild food environments toward supporting sustainable diets and planetary health.
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4
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Wong M, Sirisena S, Ng K. Phytochemical profile of differently processed tea: A review. J Food Sci 2022; 87:1925-1942. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melody Wong
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences The University of Melbourne Parkville Australia
| | - Sameera Sirisena
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology The University of Melbourne Parkville Australia
| | - Ken Ng
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences The University of Melbourne Parkville Australia
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5
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Wang S, Qiu Y, Gan RY, Zhu F. Chemical constituents and biological properties of Pu-erh tea. Food Res Int 2022; 154:110899. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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6
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Wang D, Shi L, Fan X, Lou H, Li W, Li Y, Ren D, Yi L. Development and validation of an efficient HILIC-QQQ-MS/MS method for quantitative and comparative profiling of 45 hydrophilic compounds in four types of tea (Camellia sentences). Food Chem 2022; 371:131201. [PMID: 34598116 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hydrophilic constituents are significant for the taste and nutrition of tea, but their simultaneous quantification remains challenging due to the lack of efficient methods. Based on the hydrophilic interaction chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole-tandem mass spectrometry, this work developed and validated an efficient (8.5 min per run), sensitive (LOQ: 0.002-0.493 μg/mL) and accurate method. This method was successfully used to determine the contents of 45 hydrophilic constituents in Yunnan large-leaf tea. Umami amino acids and umami-enhanced nucleotides generally exhibited higher content in green tea and Pu-erh raw tea. By contrast, a few number of amino acids (e.g., proline and γ-aminobutyric acid) and most alkaloids and nucleosides showed significantly higher contents in black tea or Pu-erh ripen tea. By performing the orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis, classification models for distinguishing four types of tea, and green tea from Pu-erh raw tea were established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China.
| | - Lijuan Shi
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China.
| | - Xiaowei Fan
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China.
| | - Huaqiao Lou
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China.
| | - Wenting Li
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China.
| | - Yonglin Li
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China.
| | - Dabing Ren
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China.
| | - Lunzhao Yi
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China.
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7
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Discriminant Analysis of Pu-Erh Tea of Different Raw Materials Based on Phytochemicals Using Chemometrics. Foods 2022; 11:foods11050680. [PMID: 35267314 PMCID: PMC8909724 DOI: 10.3390/foods11050680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pu-erh tea processed from the sun-dried green tea leaves can be divided into ancient tea (AT) and terrace tea (TT) according to the source of raw material. However, their similar appearance makes AT present low market identification, resulting in a disruption in the tea market rules of fair trade. Therefore, this study analyzed the classification by principal component analysis/hierarchical clustering analysis and conducted the discriminant model through stepwise Fisher discriminant analysis and decision tree analysis based on the contents of water extract, phenolic components, alkaloid, and amino acids, aiming to investigate whether phytochemicals coupled with chemometric analyses distinguish AT and TT. Results showed that there were good separations between AT and TT, which was caused by 16 components with significant (p < 0.05) differences. The discriminant model of AT and TT was established based on six discriminant variables including water extract, (+)-catechin, (−)-epicatechin, (−)-epigallocatechin, theacrine, and theanine. Among them, water extract comprised multiple soluble solids, representing the thickness of tea infusion. The model had good generalization capability with 100% of performance indexes according to scores of the training set and model set. In conclusion, phytochemicals coupled with chemometrics analyses are a good approach for the identification of different raw materials.
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8
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Bhargava A, Bansal A, Goyal V, Bansal P. A review on tea quality and safety using emerging parameters. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-021-01232-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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9
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Analytical Assessment of Bioelements in Various Types of Black Teas from Different Geographical Origins in View of Chemometric Approach. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26196017. [PMID: 34641561 PMCID: PMC8512582 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26196017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive approach to the mineral composition of black teas of different origins was studied using the Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS) method, supported by chemometric tools including Principal Component Analysis PCA) and Classification and Regression Trees (CART). Significant differences between the teas from seven countries (Japan, Nepal, Kenya, Iran, Sri Lanka, India, and China) were shown. K was the main element determined in all teas, with an average concentration of 11,649 mg/kg, followed by Ca, Mg and Mn. In general, regarding all investigated black teas, the element content was ranked in the following order: K > Ca > Mg > Mn > Fe > Na > Zn > Cu. The applied chemometric methods allowed us to recognize black tea clusters based on their mineral composition and place of cultivation, and allowed us to find correlations between particular elements in black teas. The performed analyses revealed interesting correlations between the concentration of various elements in black teas: K was negatively correlated with Na, Fe, Mn and Cu; K was positively correlated with the content of Ca and Mg. Significant positive correlations between Mn and Fe and Mn and Zn in the studied black tea samples were also revealed. It was shown that mineral composition may be a significant factor regarding the origin of the black tea, not only considering the country, but also the region or province.
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10
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Xiao S, Huang J, Huang Y, Lai H, Zheng Y, Liang D, Xiao H, Zhang X. Flavor Characteristics of Ganpu Tea Formed During the Sun-Drying Processing and Its Antidepressant-Like Effects. Front Nutr 2021; 8:647537. [PMID: 33869264 PMCID: PMC8044837 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.647537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Ganpu tea is a novel type of tea beverage with unique and pleasant flavor that encases Pu-erh tea leaves within an intact mandarin peel. However, to date, no holistic and detail studies on its chemical composition and biological activities have been reported yet. In the present study, by applying UPLC-Q-TOF and UPLC-MS technology, we systematically identified and analyzed 104 water-soluble compounds of Ganpu tea and their variation trend during the sun-drying processing. The results showed that the generation of pigments and gallic acid coincided with a dramatic decrease in catechin content, and a significant increase in alkaloid and flavonoid contents. The conversion of these compounds can contribute to the improvement of sensory attributes of Ganpu tea and maybe indispensable to its unique flavor. Moreover, the mice given orally with high dose of Ganpu tea (0.4 g/kg) showed a significantly reduced immobility duration as compared to that of the negative control group (p < 0.01) both in the forced swimming test and tail suspension test. Together, these results indicate that the sun-drying processing was indispensable to the formation of the unique flavor for Ganpu tea. Multiple types of compounds of Ganpu tea may collectively provide the synergistic attributes to its antidepressant-like properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sui Xiao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingyuan Huang
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Yahui Huang
- Department of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiqing Lai
- Yunding Ganpu Tea Industry Co., LTD, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Yunding Ganpu Tea Industry Co., LTD, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dahua Liang
- Yunding Ganpu Tea Industry Co., LTD, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Xu Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Effects of bioactive components of Pu-erh tea on gut microbiomes and health: A review. Food Chem 2021; 353:129439. [PMID: 33743430 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pu-erh tea is a post-fermentation tea with unique flavor and multiple health benefits. Due to the various microorganisms involved in the post-fermentation process, Pu-erh tea contains highly complex components, which have rich interactions with the gut microbiomes (GMs). Because the structure and homeostasis of GMs are closely related to human wellness and the various diseases progress, the beneficial effects of Pu-erh tea on GMs have a great potential for application in health care. However, there is no systematic summary of the bioactive components of Pu-erh tea, and their effects on the GMs. Here, we review the current studies on the effects of Pu-erh tea and its bioactive components on the structure of GMs as well as on health improvement, and further discuss the relevant quality indicators. This "components - function - indicators" clue will hopefully stimulate the standardization of Pu-erh tea fermentation process and the development of its functional products.
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12
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Ishida N, Ishida T, Morisawa S, Iizuka M, Yagi Y, Jobu K, Morita Y, Oishi M, Moriyama H, Shimamura T, Ukeda H, Miyamura M. Inhibitory Effects of Goishi Tea on Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E Deficient Mice. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.26.509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nanao Ishida
- Kochi Medical Graduate School
- Department of Pharmacy, Kochi Medical School Hospital
| | - Tomoaki Ishida
- Kochi Medical Graduate School
- Department of Pharmacy, Kochi Medical School Hospital
| | - Shumpei Morisawa
- Kochi Medical Graduate School
- Department of Pharmacy, Kochi Medical School Hospital
| | | | - Yusuke Yagi
- Department of Pharmacy, Kochi Medical School Hospital
| | - Kohei Jobu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kochi Medical School Hospital
| | - Yasuyo Morita
- Department of Pharmacy, Kochi Medical School Hospital
| | | | | | | | | | - Mitsuhiko Miyamura
- Kochi Medical Graduate School
- Department of Pharmacy, Kochi Medical School Hospital
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13
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Li J, Yao Y, Wang J, Hua J, Wang J, Yang Y, Dong C, Zhou Q, Jiang Y, Deng Y, Yuan H. Rutin, γ-Aminobutyric Acid, Gallic Acid, and Caffeine Negatively Affect the Sweet-Mellow Taste of Congou Black Tea Infusions. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24234221. [PMID: 31757064 PMCID: PMC6930661 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The sweet-mellow taste sensation is a unique and typical feature of premium congou black tea infusions. To explore the key taste-active compounds that influence the sweet-mellow taste, a sensory and molecular characterization was performed on thirty-three congou black tea infusions presenting different taste qualities, including the sweet-mellow, mellow-pure, or less-mellow taste. An integrated application of quantitative analysis of 48 taste-active compounds, taste contribution analysis, and further validation by taste supplementation experiments, combined with human sensory evaluation revealed that caffeine, γ-aminobutyric acid, rutin, succinic acid, citric acid, and gallic acid negatively affect the sweet-mellow taste, whereas glucose, sucrose, and ornithine positively contribute to the sweet-mellow taste of congou black tea infusions. Particularly, rutin, γ-aminobutyric acid, gallic acid, and caffeine, which impart the major inhibitory effect to the manifestation of the sweet-mellow taste, were identified as the key influencing components through stepwise screening and validation experiments. A modest level of these compounds was found to be favorable for the development and manifestation of the sweet-mellow taste. These compounds might potentially serve as the regulatory targets for oriented-manufacturing of high-quality sweet-mellow congou black tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China; (J.L.); (Y.Y.); (J.W.); (J.H.); (J.W.); (Y.Y.); (C.D.); (Y.J.)
| | - Yuefeng Yao
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China; (J.L.); (Y.Y.); (J.W.); (J.H.); (J.W.); (Y.Y.); (C.D.); (Y.J.)
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jiaqin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China; (J.L.); (Y.Y.); (J.W.); (J.H.); (J.W.); (Y.Y.); (C.D.); (Y.J.)
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jinjie Hua
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China; (J.L.); (Y.Y.); (J.W.); (J.H.); (J.W.); (Y.Y.); (C.D.); (Y.J.)
| | - Jinjin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China; (J.L.); (Y.Y.); (J.W.); (J.H.); (J.W.); (Y.Y.); (C.D.); (Y.J.)
| | - Yanqin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China; (J.L.); (Y.Y.); (J.W.); (J.H.); (J.W.); (Y.Y.); (C.D.); (Y.J.)
| | - Chunwang Dong
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China; (J.L.); (Y.Y.); (J.W.); (J.H.); (J.W.); (Y.Y.); (C.D.); (Y.J.)
| | - Qinghua Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China;
| | - Yongwen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China; (J.L.); (Y.Y.); (J.W.); (J.H.); (J.W.); (Y.Y.); (C.D.); (Y.J.)
| | - Yuliang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China; (J.L.); (Y.Y.); (J.W.); (J.H.); (J.W.); (Y.Y.); (C.D.); (Y.J.)
- Correspondence: (Y.D.); (H.Y.)
| | - Haibo Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China; (J.L.); (Y.Y.); (J.W.); (J.H.); (J.W.); (Y.Y.); (C.D.); (Y.J.)
- Correspondence: (Y.D.); (H.Y.)
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14
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Ahmed S, Griffin TS, Kraner D, Schaffner MK, Sharma D, Hazel M, Leitch AR, Orians CM, Han W, Stepp JR, Robbat A, Matyas C, Long C, Xue D, Houser RF, Cash SB. Environmental Factors Variably Impact Tea Secondary Metabolites in the Context of Climate Change. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:939. [PMID: 31475018 PMCID: PMC6702324 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is impacting food and beverage crops around the world with implications for environmental and human well-being. While numerous studies have examined climate change effects on crop yields, relatively few studies have examined effects on crop quality (concentrations of nutrients, minerals, and secondary metabolites). This review article employs a culturally relevant beverage crop, tea (Camelia sinensis), as a lens to examine environmental effects linked to climate change on the directionality of crop quality. Our systematic review identified 86 articles as relevant to the review question. Findings provide evidence that shifts in seasonality, water stress, geography, light factors, altitude, herbivory and microbes, temperature, and soil factors that are linked to climate change can result in both increases and decreases up to 50% in secondary metabolites. A gap was found regarding evidence on the direct effects of carbon dioxide on tea quality, highlighting a critical research area for future study. While this systematic review provides evidence that multiple environmental parameters are impacting tea quality, the directionality and magnitude of these impacts is not clear with contradictory evidence between studies likely due to confounding factors including variation in tea variety, cultivar, specific environmental and agricultural management conditions, and differences in research methods. The environmental factors with the most consistent evidence in this systematic review were seasonality and water stress with 14 out of 18 studies (78%) demonstrating a decrease in concentrations of phenolic compounds or their bioactivity with a seasonal shift from the spring and /or first tea harvest to other seasons and seven out of 10 studies (70%) showing an increase in levels of phenolic compounds or their bioactivity with drought stress. Herbivory and soil fertility were two of the variables that showed the greatest contradictory evidence on tea quality. Both herbivory and soil fertility are variables which farmers have the greatest control over, pointing to the importance of agricultural management for climate mitigation and adaptation. The development of evidence-based management strategies and crop breeding programs for resilient cultivars are called for to mitigate climate impacts on crop quality and overall risk in agricultural and food systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selena Ahmed
- Food and Health Lab, Sustainable Food Systems Program, Department of Health and Human Development, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - Timothy S. Griffin
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Debra Kraner
- Food and Health Lab, Sustainable Food Systems Program, Department of Health and Human Development, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - M. Katherine Schaffner
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Deepak Sharma
- Food and Health Lab, Sustainable Food Systems Program, Department of Health and Human Development, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - Matthew Hazel
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Alicia R. Leitch
- Food and Health Lab, Sustainable Food Systems Program, Department of Health and Human Development, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - Colin M. Orians
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
| | - Wenyan Han
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - John Richard Stepp
- Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Albert Robbat
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
| | - Corene Matyas
- Department of Geography, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Chunlin Long
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, and College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Dayuan Xue
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Robert F. Houser
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sean B. Cash
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
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15
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Wang Q, Šarkanj B, Jurasovic J, Chisti Y, Sulyok M, Gong J, Sirisansaneeyakul S, Komes D. Evaluation of microbial toxins, trace elements and sensory properties of a high‐theabrownins instant Pu‐erh tea produced using
Aspergillus tubingensis
via submerged fermentation. Int J Food Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuping Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology Yunnan Agricultural University Heilong Tan Kunming 650201 China
| | - Bojan Šarkanj
- Department of Food Technology University Center Koprivnica University North Trg dr. Žarka Dolinara 1 Koprivnica 48000 Croatia
| | - Jasna Jurasovic
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health Ksaverska Cesta 2 Zagreb 10001 Croatia
| | - Yusuf Chisti
- School of Engineering Massey University Private Bag 11 222 Palmerston North New Zealand
| | - Michael Sulyok
- Center for Analytical Chemistry Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA‐Tulln) University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU) Konrad Lorenzstr. 20 A‐3430 Tulln Austria
| | - Jiashun Gong
- College of Food Science and Technology Yunnan Agricultural University Heilong Tan Kunming 650201 China
| | - Sarote Sirisansaneeyakul
- Faculty of Agro‐Industry Kasetsart University 50 Ngam Wong Wan Road Ladyao Chatuchak Bangkok 10900 Thailand
| | - Draženka Komes
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology University of Zagreb Pierrotijeva 6 Zagreb 10000 Croatia
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16
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Chen Q, Chen M, Liu Y, Wu J, Wang X, Ouyang Q, Chen X. Application of FT-NIR spectroscopy for simultaneous estimation of taste quality and taste-related compounds content of black tea. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2018; 55:4363-4368. [PMID: 30228436 PMCID: PMC6133835 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-018-3353-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Fourier transform near-infrared spectroscopy (FT-NIR) coupled to chemometric algorithms such as back propagation (BP)-AdaBoost and synergy interval partial least square (Si-PLS) were deployed for the rapid prediction taste quality and taste-related components in black tea. Eight main taste-related components were determined via chemical analysis and Pearson correlations. The achieved chemical results of the eight taste-related components in black tea infusion were predicted based on 160 tea samples obtained from different countries. Prediction results revealed BP-AdaBoost models gave superior predictions, with all the correlation coefficients of the prediction set (Rp) > 0.76, and the root mean square error values of the prediction set (RMSEP) < 1.7% compared with Si-PLS models (0.71 ≤ Rp ≤ 0.94, 0.08% ≤ RMSEP ≤ 1.73%). This implies that FT-NIR combined to BP-AdaBoostis capable of being deployed for the rapid evaluation of black tea taste quality and taste-related components content simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quansheng Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013 People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jizhong Wu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qin Ouyang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- Zhenjiang Jinshan Cuiya Tea Industry Co. Ltd, Zhenjiang, 212021 People’s Republic of China
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17
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Comparison of Quality Characteristic and Antioxidant Potential of Cultivated Pu-erh and Gushu Pu-erh Tea Extracts at Two Temperatures. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.12.3.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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18
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Lv HP, Zhang Y, Shi J, Lin Z. Phytochemical profiles and antioxidant activities of Chinese dark teas obtained by different processing technologies. Food Res Int 2017; 100:486-493. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2016.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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19
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Yao Y, Wu M, Huang Y, Li C, Pan X, Zhu W, Huang Y. Appropriately raising fermentation temperature beneficial to the increase of antioxidant activity and gallic acid content in Eurotium cristatum -fermented loose tea. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2017.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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20
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Musci M, Yao S. Optimization and validation of Folin–Ciocalteu method for the determination of total polyphenol content of Pu-erh tea. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2017; 68:913-918. [DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2017.1311844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Musci
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Shicong Yao
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy
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21
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Brzezicha-Cirocka J, Grembecka M, Szefer P. Analytical Assessment of Bio- and Toxic Elements Distribution in Pu-erh and Fruit Teas in View of Chemometric Approach. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 174:240-250. [PMID: 27038620 PMCID: PMC5055561 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0669-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study concerns application of flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) in assessment of macro- and microelement and toxic metal levels (Mg, Ca, K, Na, Mn, Cu, Fe, Zn, Cr, Ni, Co, Cd and Pb) in dark (Pu-erh) and fruit tea leaves and their infusions. Phosphorus was also determined in the form of phosphomolybdate by spectrophotometric method. The reliability of the method was checked using three certified reference materials. The results of analysis were in agreement with the certified values, with analytical recovery ranging from 86 to 113 %. Significant correlations (p < 0.001) were found between concentrations of P, Zn, K, Ni, Fe, Co, Cr, and Pb in Pu-erh tea, whereas in fruit tea, such interdependences were found between Mg, Fe, P, Ni, and Co. Kruskal-Wallis test results have related differences in Pu-erh tea quality as well as technological processing of fruit tea to their mineral composition. In order to characterize tea elemental content, chemometric techniques such as factor analysis (FA) and cluster analysis (CA) were used. Their application allowed on differentiation of samples in view of the fermentation type, technological processing, and overall quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Brzezicha-Cirocka
- Department of Food Sciences, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Grembecka
- Department of Food Sciences, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Piotr Szefer
- Department of Food Sciences, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416, Gdańsk, Poland.
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22
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In vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of isolated fractions from water extract of Qingzhuan dark tea. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 16:378. [PMID: 27681250 PMCID: PMC5041284 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1361-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural products have being used as potential inhibitors against carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes to treat diabetes mellitus. Chinese dark tea has various interesting bioactivities. In this study, the active compounds from Qingzhuan dark tea were separated and their anti-diabetic activity was examined using an in vitro enzymatic model. METHODS The chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, sediment and residual aqua fractions of a Chinese dark tea (Qingzhuan tea) were prepared by successively isolating the water extract with different solvents and their in vitro inhibitory activities against α-glucosidase were assessed. The fraction with the highest inhibitory activity was further characterized to obtain the main active components of Qingzhuan tea. RESULTS The ethyl acetate fraction had the greatest inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase, followed by n-butanol, sediment and residual aqua fractions (with the IC50 values of 0.26 mg/mL, 2.94 mg/mL, 3.02 mg/mL, and 5.24 mg/mL, respectively), mainly due to the high content of polyphenols. Among the eight subfractions (QEF1-8) isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction, QEF8 fraction showed the highest α-glucosidase inhibitory potential in a competitive inhibitory manner (the K i value of 77.10 μg/mL). HPLC-MS analysis revealed that (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and (-)-epicatechin gallate (ECG) were the predominant active components in QEF8. CONCLUSION These results indicated that Qingzhuan tea extracts exerted potent inhibitory effects against α-glucosidase, EGCG and ECG were likely responsible for the inhibitory activity in Qingzhuan tea. Qingzhuan tea may be recommended as an oral antidiabetic diet.
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23
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Gao L, Bian M, Mi R, Hu X, Wu J. Quality identification and evaluation of Pu-erh teas of different grade levels and various ages through sensory evaluation and instrumental analysis. Int J Food Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.13103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Gao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering; China Agricultural University; Beijing 100083 China
- National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables Processing; Ministry of Science and Technology; Beijing 100083 China
- Key laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing; Ministry of Agriculture; Beijing 100083 China
| | - Mengxian Bian
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering; China Agricultural University; Beijing 100083 China
- National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables Processing; Ministry of Science and Technology; Beijing 100083 China
- Key laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing; Ministry of Agriculture; Beijing 100083 China
| | - Ruifang Mi
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering; China Agricultural University; Beijing 100083 China
- National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables Processing; Ministry of Science and Technology; Beijing 100083 China
- Key laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing; Ministry of Agriculture; Beijing 100083 China
| | - Xiaosong Hu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering; China Agricultural University; Beijing 100083 China
- National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables Processing; Ministry of Science and Technology; Beijing 100083 China
- Key laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing; Ministry of Agriculture; Beijing 100083 China
| | - Jihong Wu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering; China Agricultural University; Beijing 100083 China
- National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables Processing; Ministry of Science and Technology; Beijing 100083 China
- Key laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing; Ministry of Agriculture; Beijing 100083 China
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24
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Wu Y, Lv S, Wang C, Gao X, Li J, Meng Q. Comparative analysis of volatiles difference of Yunnan sun-dried Pu-erh green tea from different tea mountains: Jingmai and Wuliang mountain by chemical fingerprint similarity combined with principal component analysis and cluster analysis. Chem Cent J 2016; 10:11. [PMID: 26966460 PMCID: PMC4785618 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-016-0159-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Modern instrumental analysis technology can provide various chemical data and information on tea samples. Unfortunately, it remains difficult to extract the useful information. We describe the use of chemical fingerprint similarities, combined with principal component and cluster analyses, to distinguish and recognize Pu-erh green teas, which from two tea mountains, Wuliang and Jingmai, in the Pu-erh district of Yunnan province. The volatile components of all 20 Pu-erh green teas (10 Wuliang and 10 Jingmai teas) were extracted and identified by headspace solid-phase micro extraction (HS-SPME) combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). RESULTS Sixty-three volatiles (including alcohols, hydrocarbons, ketones, and aldehydes) were identified in the 20 Pu-erh green teas, and differences in compound compositions between them were also observed. Through fingerprint similarity, combined with principal component and cluster analyses, the 20 Pu-erh green teas were differentiated successfully based on their volatile characteristics. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that the GC-MS combined with chemical fingerprint and unsupervised pattern recognition method is suitable for the investigation of the volatile profiling and evaluating the quality and authenticity of teas related to the different origins.Graphical abstractDifferentiate Pu-erh green teas from different tea mountains by using chemical fingerprint similarity and multivariate statistical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanshuang Wu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500 Yunnan People's Republic of China
| | - Shidong Lv
- Kunming Grain and Oil and Feed Product Quality Inspection Center, Kunming, 650118 Yunnan People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Wang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500 Yunnan People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Gao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500 Yunnan People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangbing Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500 Yunnan People's Republic of China
| | - Qingxiong Meng
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500 Yunnan People's Republic of China
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25
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Lv HP, Zhu Y, Tan JF, Guo L, Dai WD, Lin Z. Bioactive compounds from Pu-erh tea with therapy for hyperlipidaemia. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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26
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Zeng L, Yan J, Luo L, Zhang D. Effects of Pu-erh tea aqueous extract (PTAE) on blood lipid metabolism enzymes. Food Funct 2015; 6:2008-16. [DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00362h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Effects of Pu-erh tea aqueous extract (PTAE) on blood lipid metabolism enzymes (e.g.HMGR) are assayedin vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zeng
- College of Food Science
- Southwest University
- Chongqing
- China
- TAETEA Group Postdoctoral Research Station
| | - Jingna Yan
- College of Food Science
- Southwest University
- Chongqing
- China
| | - Liyong Luo
- College of Food Science
- Southwest University
- Chongqing
- China
| | - Dongying Zhang
- College of Longrun Pu-erh Tea
- Yunnan Agricultural University
- Kunming
- China
- TAETEA Group Postdoctoral Research Station
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27
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Lv S, Wu Y, Wei J, Lian M, Wang C, Gao X, Meng Q. Application of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and chemometrics methods for assessing volatile profiles of Pu-erh tea with different processing methods and ageing years. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra15381f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A method was developed based on head-space solid phase microextraction/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS) combined with multivariate statistical methods to assess volatile profiles in different types of Pu-erh teas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shidong Lv
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
- Kunming 650500
- People’s Republic of China
- Kunming Grain & Oil and Feed Product Quality Inspection Center
| | - Yuanshuang Wu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
- Kunming 650500
- People’s Republic of China
| | - Jifu Wei
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital
- Nanjing Medical University
- Nanjing 210029
- People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Lian
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
- Kunming 650500
- People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen Wang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
- Kunming 650500
- People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Gao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
- Kunming 650500
- People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingxiong Meng
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
- Kunming 650500
- People’s Republic of China
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28
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Significant elevation of antiviral activity of strictinin from Pu'er tea after thermal degradation to ellagic acid and gallic acid. J Food Drug Anal 2014; 23:116-123. [PMID: 28911434 PMCID: PMC9351740 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2014.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 07/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared with abundant catechins, strictinin is a minor constituent in teas and has been demonstrated to possess inhibitory potency on influenza virus. In this study, strictinin was found as the major phenolic compound in Pu’er teas produced from leaves and buds of wild trees. Due to its thermal instability, strictinin, in tea infusion or in an isolated form, was completely decomposed to ellagic acid and gallic acid after being autoclaved for 7 minutes. A plaque reduction assay was employed to compare the relative inhibitory potency between strictinin and its thermally degraded products against human influenza virus A/ Puerto Rico/8/34. The results showed that the antiviral activity of ellagic acid regardless of the presence or absence of gallic acid was significantly higher than that of strictinin. Thermal degradation of strictinin to ellagic acid and gallic acid seems to be beneficial for the preparation of Pu’er teas in terms of enhancing antiviral activity.
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29
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Ahmed S, Stepp JR, Orians C, Griffin T, Matyas C, Robbat A, Cash S, Xue D, Long C, Unachukwu U, Buckley S, Small D, Kennelly E. Effects of extreme climate events on tea (Camellia sinensis) functional quality validate indigenous farmer knowledge and sensory preferences in tropical China. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109126. [PMID: 25286362 PMCID: PMC4186830 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change is impacting agro-ecosystems, crops, and farmer livelihoods in communities worldwide. While it is well understood that more frequent and intense climate events in many areas are resulting in a decline in crop yields, the impact on crop quality is less acknowledged, yet it is critical for food systems that benefit both farmers and consumers through high-quality products. This study examines tea (Camellia sinensis; Theaceae), the world's most widely consumed beverage after water, as a study system to measure effects of seasonal precipitation variability on crop functional quality and associated farmer knowledge, preferences, and livelihoods. Sampling was conducted in a major tea producing area of China during an extreme drought through the onset of the East Asian Monsoon in order to capture effects of extreme climate events that are likely to become more frequent with climate change. Compared to the spring drought, tea growth during the monsoon period was up to 50% higher. Concurrently, concentrations of catechin and methylxanthine secondary metabolites, major compounds that determine tea functional quality, were up to 50% lower during the monsoon while total phenolic concentrations and antioxidant activity increased. The inverse relationship between tea growth and concentrations of individual secondary metabolites suggests a dilution effect of precipitation on tea quality. The decrease in concentrations of tea secondary metabolites was accompanied by reduced farmer preference on the basis of sensory characteristics as well as a decline of up to 50% in household income from tea sales. Farmer surveys indicate a high degree of agreement regarding climate patterns and the effects of precipitation on tea yields and quality. Extrapolating findings from this seasonal study to long-term climate scenario projections suggests that farmers and consumers face variable implications with forecasted precipitation scenarios and calls for research on management practices to facilitate climate adaptation for sustainable crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selena Ahmed
- Sustainable Food and Bioenergy Systems Program, Department of Health and Human Development, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, United States of America
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
| | - John Richard Stepp
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
- Department of Anthropology, University of Gainesville, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Colin Orians
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Timothy Griffin
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Corene Matyas
- Department of Geography, University of Gainesville, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Albert Robbat
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sean Cash
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Dayuan Xue
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Chunlin Long
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Uchenna Unachukwu
- Department of Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Sarabeth Buckley
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - David Small
- School of Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Edward Kennelly
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
- Department of Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York, United States of America
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30
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Schulz CM, Fritz H, Ruthenschrör A. Occurrence of 15 + 1 EU priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in various types of tea (Camellia sinensis) and herbal infusions. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2014; 31:1723-35. [PMID: 25186127 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2014.952785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
For the analysis of 15 + 1 EU priority PAH in tea and herbal infusions, an online-SPE-LVI-GC-MS method was developed. This method includes sample extraction of the tea and herbal infusions with saponification followed by an automated SPE clean-up step. For brews a liquid-liquid extraction with cyclohexane was performed before an automated SPE clean-up. Gas chromatographic separation was done using an Agilent J&W Select PAH (15 m × 0.15 mm × 0.10 µm) column, which allows the separation of the three benzofluoranthenes as well as triphenylene from chrysene. Method performance criteria such as method linearity, limit of quantitation (LOQ) and repeatability were determined and demonstrated that the method was fit for purpose. The method was used to analyse 15 + 1 EU priority PAH in 91 tea and herbal infusion samples. The levels of PAHs ranged from below 0.5 (LOQ) to 460 µg kg⁻¹, with a median of 4.7 µg kg⁻¹ and a mean of 39 µg kg⁻¹ for BaP, and from below 1.0 (LOQ) to 2700 µg kg⁻¹, with a median of 39 µg kg⁻¹ and a mean of 250 µg kg⁻¹ for total PAH, which were in good agreement with other studies reported in the literature. For the brews prepared under normal house preparation (20 g material in 2 L boiling tap water for 10 min), no total 15 + 1 PAH could be detected above the LOQ. With an extended brewing time of 30 min, a transfer rate between 0.25% and 0.52% could be determined, which results in no exceeding of the maximum limits given by the European Union directive for drinking water (EU Council Directive 98/83/EC).
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31
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Tao MK, Xu M, Zhu HT, Cheng RR, Wang D, Yang CR, Zhang YJ. New Phenylpropanoid-Substituted Flavan-3-ols from Pu-er Ripe Tea. Nat Prod Commun 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1400900827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pu-er ripe tea is a special microbial post-fermented tea made from Pu-er raw tea, a kind of green tea produced from the leaves of Camellia sinensis var. assamica. It is one of the most consumed teas in the past two decades in China, due to its special flavor, taste, and beneficial effects. This work aimed to obtain diverse catechin structures from Pu-er ripe tea, which led to the isolation of four new phenylpropanoid-substituted flavan-3-ols, puerins C-F (1-4), together with four known flavan-3-ols, (+)-catechin (5), (-)-epicatechin (6), (±)-gallocatechin (7), and (-)-epigallocatechin (8). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analysis, including 1D and 2D NMR, mass and CD spectra. Compounds 1-4, which could be formed in the post-fermentative process of Pu-er tea, were isolated for the first time from tea and Theaceae plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Ke Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources of West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, P. R. China 650201
- Chongqing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Chongqing, P. R. China, 401121
| | - Min Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources of West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, P. R. China 650201
| | - Hong-Tao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources of West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, P. R. China 650201
| | - Rong-Rong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources of West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, P. R. China 650201
| | - Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources of West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, P. R. China 650201
| | - Chong-Ren Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources of West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, P. R. China 650201
| | - Ying-Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources of West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, P. R. China 650201
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A simple method based on image processing to estimate primary pigment levels of Sichuan Dark Tea during post-fermentation. Eur Food Res Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-014-2219-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Advantage of LC-MS metabolomics to identify marker compounds in two types of Chinese dark tea after different post-fermentation processes. Food Sci Biotechnol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-014-0049-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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Ahmed S, Orians CM, Griffin TS, Buckley S, Unachukwu U, Stratton AE, Stepp JR, Robbat A, Cash S, Kennelly EJ. Effects of water availability and pest pressures on tea (Camellia sinensis) growth and functional quality. AOB PLANTS 2014; 6:plt054. [PMID: 24790117 PMCID: PMC3922301 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plt054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Extreme shifts in water availability linked to global climate change are impacting crops worldwide. The present study examines the direct and interactive effects of water availability and pest pressures on tea (Camellia sinensis; Theaceae) growth and functional quality. Manipulative greenhouse experiments were used to measure the effects of variable water availability and pest pressures simulated by jasmonic acid (JA) on tea leaf growth and secondary metabolites that determine tea quality. Water treatments were simulated to replicate ideal tea growing conditions and extreme precipitation events in tropical southwestern China, a major centre of tea production. Results show that higher water availability and JA significantly increased the growth of new leaves while their interactive effect was not significant. The effect of water availability and JA on tea quality varied with individual secondary metabolites. Higher water availability significantly increased total methylxanthine concentrations of tea leaves but there was no significant effect of JA treatments or the interaction of water and JA. Water availability, JA treatments or their interactive effects had no effect on the concentrations of epigallocatechin 3-gallate. In contrast, increased water availability resulted in significantly lower concentrations of epicatechin 3-gallate but the effect of JA and the interactive effects of water and JA were not significant. Lastly, higher water availability resulted in significantly higher total phenolic concentrations but there was no significant impact of JA and their interaction. These findings point to the fascinating dynamics of climate change effects on tea plants with offsetting interactions between precipitation and pest pressures within agro-ecosystems, and the need for future climate studies to examine interactive biotic and abiotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selena Ahmed
- Sustainable Food and Bioenergy Systems Program, Department of Health and Human Development, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59715, USA
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
- Corresponding author's e-mail address:
| | - Colin M. Orians
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Timothy S. Griffin
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Sarabeth Buckley
- Department of Earth Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Uchenna Unachukwu
- Department of Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | | | - John Richard Stepp
- Department of Anthropology, University of Gainesville, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Albert Robbat
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Sean Cash
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Edward J. Kennelly
- Department of Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehman College, Bronx, NY 10468, USA
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Zhang L, Zhang ZZ, Zhou YB, Ling TJ, Wan XC. Chinese dark teas: Postfermentation, chemistry and biological activities. Food Res Int 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2013.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Peng CX, Liu J, Liu HR, Zhou HJ, Gong JS. Influence of different fermentation raw materials on pyrolyzates of Pu-erh tea theabrownin by Curie-point pyrolysis-gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy. Int J Biol Macromol 2013; 54:197-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2012.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Revised: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Ahmed S, Peters CM, Chunlin L, Meyer R, Unachukwu U, Litt A, Kennelly E, Stepp JR. Biodiversity and phytochemical quality in indigenous and state-supported tea management systems of Yunnan, China. Conserv Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-263x.2012.00269.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Alasalvar C, Topal B, Serpen A, Bahar B, Pelvan E, Gökmen V. Flavor characteristics of seven grades of black tea produced in Turkey. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:6323-6332. [PMID: 22642545 DOI: 10.1021/jf301498p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Seven grades of black tea [high-quality black tea (grades 1-3) and low-quality black tea (grades 4-7)], processed by ÇAYKUR Tea Processing Plant (Rize, Turkey), were compared for their differences in descriptive sensory analysis (DSA), aroma-active compounds (volatile compounds), and taste-active compounds (sugar, organic acid, and free amino acid compositions). Ten flavor attributes such as 'after taste', 'astringency', 'bitter', 'caramel-like', 'floral/sweet', 'green/grassy', 'hay-like', 'malty', 'roasty', and 'seaweed' were identified. Intensities for a number of flavor attributes ('after taste', 'caramel-like', 'malty', and 'seaweed') were not significantly different (p > 0.05) among seven grades of black tea. A total of 57 compounds in seven grades of black tea (14 aldehydes, eight alcohols, eight ketones, two esters, four aromatic hydrocarbons, five aliphatic hydrocarbons, nine terpenes, two pyrazines, one furan, two acids, and two miscellaneous compounds) were tentatively identified. Of these, aldeyhdes comprised more than 50% to the total volatile compounds identified. In general, high-grade quality tea had more volatiles than low-grade quality tea. With respect to taste-active compounds, five sugars, six organic acids, and 18 free amino acids were positively identified in seven grades of black tea, of which fructose, tannic acid, and theanine predominated, respectively. Some variations (p < 0.05), albeit to different extents, were observed among volatile compounds, sugars, organic acids, and free amino acids in seven grades of black tea. The present study suggests that a certain flavor attributes correlate well with taste- and aroma-active compounds. High- and low-quality black teas should not be distinguished solely on the basis of their DSA and taste- and aroma-active compounds. The combination of taste-active compounds together with aroma-active compounds renders combination effects that provide the characteristic flavor of each grade of black tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesarettin Alasalvar
- TÜBİTAK Marmara Research Center, Food Institute , P.O. Box 21, 41470 Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey.
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Pu-erh black tea extract supplementation attenuates the oxidative DNA damage and oxidative stress in Sprague–Dawley rats with renal dysfunction induced by subchronic 3-methyl-2-quinoxalin benzenevinylketo-1,4-dioxide exposure. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:147-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.10.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Revised: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Stoeckle MY, Gamble CC, Kirpekar R, Young G, Ahmed S, Little DP. Commercial teas highlight plant DNA barcode identification successes and obstacles. Sci Rep 2011; 1:42. [PMID: 22355561 PMCID: PMC3216529 DOI: 10.1038/srep00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Appearance does not easily identify the dried plant fragments used to prepare teas to species. Here we test recovery of standard DNA barcodes for land plants from a large array of commercial tea products and analyze their performance in identifying tea constituents using existing databases. Most (90%) of 146 tea products yielded rbcL or matK barcodes using a standard protocol. Matching DNA identifications to listed ingredients was limited by incomplete databases for the two markers, shared or nearly identical barcodes among some species, and lack of standard common names for plant species. About 1/3 of herbal teas generated DNA identifications not found on labels. Broad scale adoption of plant DNA barcoding may require algorithms that place search results in context of standard plant names and character-based keys for distinguishing closely-related species. Demonstrating the importance of accessible plant barcoding, our findings indicate unlisted ingredients are common in herbal teas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Y Stoeckle
- Program for the Human Environment, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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