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Trinh PTN, Truc NC, Danh TT, Trang NTT, Le Hang DT, Vi LNT, Hung QT, Dung LT. A study on the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of the Artemisia vulgaris L. extract and its fractions. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 334:118519. [PMID: 38971340 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Vietnamese people use mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris L.) to treat arthritis and gout. Our previous research shows that mugwort contains flavonoids, and its extract possesses antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities. However, no publications have been on the xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of mugwort and acute anti-inflammatory activity in vivo. AIM OF THE STUDY The study aimed to verify the antioxidant, xanthine oxidase inhibitory, and anti-inflammatory capabilities of mugwort extract in vitro and in vivo, isolate phyto-compounds from potential bioactive fractions, and then evaluate their potential in inhibiting xanthine oxidase. METHODS According to established methods, the extract and the active flavonoids were obtained using different chromatographic techniques. DPPH, ABTS, reducing power, and H2O2 elimination were used to evaluate antioxidant activity. The model of LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells was used to measure the inhibition of NO production. The carrageenan-induced paw oedema model was used to assess acute inflammation in mice. In vitro, xanthine oxidase inhibition assay was applied to investigate the effects of extract/compounds on uric acid production. Chemical structures were identified by spectral analysis. RESULTS The assessment of the acute inflammatory model in mice revealed that both the 96% ethanol and the 50% ethanol extracts significantly decreased oedema in the mice's feet following carrageenan-induced inflammation. 96% ethanol extract exhibited a better reduction in oedema at the low dose. The analysis revealed that the ethyl acetate fraction had the highest levels of total polyphenols and flavonoids. Additionally, this fraction demonstrated significant antioxidant activity in various assays, such as DPPH, ABTS, reducing power, and H2O2 removal. Furthermore, it displayed the most potent inhibition of xanthine oxidase, an anti-inflammatory activity. Five phytochemicals were isolated and determined from the active fraction such as luteolin (1), rutin (2), apigenin (3), myricetin (4), and quercetin (5). Except for rutin, the other compounds demonstrated the ability to inhibit effective xanthine oxidase compared to standard (allopurinol). Moreover, quercetin (5) inhibited NO production (IC50 21.87 μM). CONCLUSION The results indicate that extracts from A. vulgaris effectively suppressed the activity of xanthine oxidase and exhibited antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, potentially leading to a reduction in the production of uric acid in the body and eliminating ROS. The study identified mugwort extract and bioactive compounds derived from Artemisia vulgaris, specifically luteolin, apigenin, and quercetin, as promising xanthine oxidase inhibitors. These findings suggest that further development of these compounds is warranted. At the same time, the above results also strengthen the use of mugwort to treat gout disease in Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pham Thi Nhat Trinh
- Department of Natural Science, Tien Giang University, 119 Ap Bac, My Tho, Tien Giang, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Cong Truc
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet, Ho Chi Minh, Viet Nam; Institute of Applied Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 1B TL29, Ho Chi Minh, Viet Nam
| | - Tong Thanh Danh
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet, Ho Chi Minh, Viet Nam
| | | | - Dang Thi Le Hang
- Institute of Applied Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 1B TL29, Ho Chi Minh, Viet Nam; Graduate University of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
| | - Le Nguyen Tuong Vi
- Institute of Applied Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 1B TL29, Ho Chi Minh, Viet Nam
| | - Quach Tong Hung
- Institute of Applied Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 1B TL29, Ho Chi Minh, Viet Nam
| | - Le Tien Dung
- Institute of Applied Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 1B TL29, Ho Chi Minh, Viet Nam; Graduate University of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
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Mahomoodally MF, Coodian K, Hosenally M, Zengin G, Shariati MA, Abdalla AN, Alhazmi HA, Khuwaja G, Mohan S, Khalid A. Herbal remedies in the management of hyperuricemia and gout: A review of in vitro, in vivo and clinical evidences. Phytother Res 2024; 38:3370-3400. [PMID: 38655878 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Gout, or hyperuricemia is a multifactorial and multi-faceted metabolic disease that is quite difficult to manage and/or treat. Conventional therapies such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as allopurinol, corticosteroids and colchicine amongst others, have helped in its management and treatment to some extent. This study aimed to compile and analyze the different herbal remedies used in the management of hyperuricemia and gout. A literature search was conducted from key databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar) using relevant keywords via the PRISMA model. Smilax riparia A.DC. from Traditional Chinese Medicine is used in many countries for its therapeutic effect on lowering serum urate levels. No single study was able to establish the efficacy of a specific traditionally used herb via in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies. Patients were found to use a panoply of natural remedies, mainly plants to treat hyperuricemia and gout, which have been validated to some extent by in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies. Nonetheless, further research is needed to better understand the ethnopharmacological relationship of such herbal remedies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
- School of Engineering & Technology, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Kaisavadee Coodian
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius
| | - Muzzammil Hosenally
- Department of Economics and Statistics, Faculty of Social Sciences & Humanities, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mohammad Ali Shariati
- Semey Branch of the Institute, Kazakh Research Institute of Processing and Food Industry, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Ashraf N Abdalla
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan A Alhazmi
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gulrana Khuwaja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syam Mohan
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- School of Health Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, India
| | - Asaad Khalid
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants and Traditional Medicine Research Institute, National Center for Research, Khartoum, Sudan
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Akman TÇ, Şimşek S, Akşit Z, Akşit H, Aydin A, Tüfekçi AR, Adem S, Yilmaz MA. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry profile and antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiproliferative, and enzyme activities of Thymus pectinatus and Thymus convolutus: in vitro and in silico approach. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:4039-4049. [PMID: 38376445 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study is to investigate the antiproliferative, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and enzyme activity capacities and phytochemical compositions of Thymus pectinatus (TP), Thymus convolutus (TC), which are endemic to Türkiye. Quantitative analysis of phenolic compounds in the extracts was conducted using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, targeting 53 phenolic compounds. RESULTS Rosmarinic acid, quinic acid, and cynaroside were identified as the major compounds, exhibiting quantitative variation in both extracts. The extracts had a high total phenolic content, with 113.57 ± 0.58 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g extract for TP and 130.52 ± 1.05 mg GAE/g extract for TC. Furthermore, although both extracts exhibited high total flavonoid content; the TP extract (75.12 ± 1.65 mg quercitin equivalents (QE)/g extract) displayed a higher flavonoid content than the TC extract (30.24 ± 0.74 mg QE/g extract) did. The extracts had a promising antiproliferative effect on C6, HeLa, and HT29 cancer cell lines with a less cytotoxic effect (10.5-14.2%) against normal cells. Both extracts exhibited very potent inhibitory activity against the xanthine oxidase enzyme, with half-maximal inhibitory concentration values of respectively 2.07 ± 0.03 μg mL-1 and 2.76 ± 0.06 μg mL-1 and moderate activity against tyrosinase and α-glucosidase. Docking simulations proved that rosmarinic acid and cynaroside, the major components of the extracts, were the most potent inhibitors of xanthine oxidase. According to antimicrobial activity results, the TC extract exhibited moderate activity against Staphylococcus aureus, and the TP extract had strong activity against both Enterococcus faecium and S. aureus. CONCLUSION These findings emphasize the beneficial effects of the two endemic Thymus species on human health and suggest their potential use as plant-derived bioactive agents. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuğrul Çağrı Akman
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Samed Şimşek
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Çayırlı Vocational School, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Akşit
- Department of Hotel, Restaurant and Service, Tourism and Hospitality Vocational School, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Akşit
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Ali Aydin
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Ali Riza Tüfekçi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Çankırı Karatekin University, Çankırı, Turkey
| | - Sevki Adem
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Çankırı Karatekin University, Çankırı, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Abdullah Yilmaz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
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Mutinda ES, Zhang DJ, Muema FW, Mkala EM, Waswa EN, Odago WO, Onyango Ochieng C, Gichua MK, Muchuku JK, Kamande E, Hu GW. The genus Balanophora J. R. Forst. & G. Forst. - Its use in traditional medicine, phytochemistry, and pharmacology: A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117276. [PMID: 37866464 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Natural products, particularly medicinal plants, have been utilized in traditional medicine for millennia to treat various diseases. The genus Balanophora (Balanophoraceae) consists of 23 accepted species. These species are the most controversial flowering plants, with highly reduced morphologies and are found parasitizing on the roots of their host. They have been used in traditional medicine as a remedy for stomach pain, detumescence, uterine prolapse, wounds, syphilis, gonorrhea, treating injuries from falls, and other conditions. However, there is no review of this genus on its traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology. AIM The present narrative review discusses the scientific data supporting the traditional uses of Balanophora species. The available information on its botanical properties, traditional uses, chemical contents, pharmacological activities, and toxicity was summarized to help comprehend current research and offer a foundation for future research. MATERIALS AND METHODS The materials used in combining data on the genus Balanophora comprises online sources such as Web of Science, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) for Chinese-related materials. World Flora online was used in validating the scientific names of this genus while ChemBio Draw Ultra Version 22.2 software was employed in drawing the phytochemical compounds. RESULTS Nine Balanophora species including B. harlandii, B. japonica, B. polyandra, B. fungosa, B. fungosa subsp. indica, B. laxiflora, B. abbreviata, B. tobiracola, and B. involucrata have been documented as vital sources of traditional medicines in different parts of Asia. A total of 159 secondary metabolites have been isolated and identified from the ten species of this genus comprising tannins, flavonoids, sterols, lignans, chalcones, terpenes, and phenylpropanoids. Among these compounds, tannins, lignans, terpenoids, chalcones and phenolic acids contribute to the pharmacological activities of the species in this genus with several biological activities both in vitro and in vivo such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, hypoglycemic activity, cytotoxicity, anti-microbial, melanin synthesis etc. CONCLUSION: This review summarizes the available literature on the traditional uses, pharmacological properties, and phytoconstituents of Balanophora species indicating that they contain fascinating chemical compounds with diverse biological activities. The traditional uses of the species in this genus have been confirmed by scientific data such as antimicrobial, hemostatic effect, gastroprotective activity and others. However, many species in this genus are yet unknown in terms of their botanical uses, chemical composition and biological activities. Thus, more research into the scientific connections between traditional medicinal uses and pharmacological activities, mode of action of the isolated bioactive constituents, and toxicity of other Balanophora species is needed to determine their efficacy and therapeutic potential for safe clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Syowai Mutinda
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Dong-Juan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Felix Wambua Muema
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Elijah Mbandi Mkala
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Emmanuel Nyongesa Waswa
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Wyclif Ochieng Odago
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Clintone Onyango Ochieng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Moses Kirega Gichua
- Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, 62000-00200, Kenya
| | - John Kamau Muchuku
- Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, 62000-00200, Kenya
| | - Elizabeth Kamande
- Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, 62000-00200, Kenya
| | - Guang-Wan Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan, 430200, China.
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Ortiz S, Šavikin K, Massicot F, Olivier E, Dutot M, Rat P, Deguin B, Gođevac D, Menković N, Živković J, Zdunić G, Boutefnouchet S. P2X7-Receptor Pathway Involvement in the Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Medicinal Plants. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202300427. [PMID: 37439445 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants used in European folk medicine attached to Lamiales, Gentianales or Asterales orders are used to treat inflammatory disorders. Many targets have been identified but to date, implication of purinergic receptor P2X7 activation has not yet been investigated. We managed to evaluate the protective effect on P2X7 activation by plant extracts used as anti-inflammatory in European folk medicine by the YO-PRO-1 uptake dye in vitro bioassay. Results revealed that among our selected plants, species from Scrophularia and Plantago genus were able to decrease significantly P2X7 activation (>50 % at 0.1 and 1 μg/mL). UPLC/MS, dereplication and metabolomic analysis of Scrophularia extracts, allowed us to identify the cinnamoyl-iridoid harpagoside as putative inhibitor of P2X7 activation. These results open a new research field regarding the anti-inflammatory mechanism of cinnamoyl-iridoids bearing plants, which may involve the P2X7 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Ortiz
- Team Natural Products, Analyzes and Syntheses, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie de, 4 Avenue de l'Observatoire F, 75006, Paris, France
- UMR 7200 Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg Drug Discovery and Development Institute (IMS), Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Katarina Šavikin
- Institute for Medicinal Plants Research "Dr. Josif Pančić", Department of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Tadeuša Košćuška 1, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - France Massicot
- Team Analytical Chemistry and Experimental Toxicology, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie de, 4 Avenue de l'Observatoire F, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Elodie Olivier
- Team Analytical Chemistry and Experimental Toxicology, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie de, 4 Avenue de l'Observatoire F, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Melody Dutot
- Team Analytical Chemistry and Experimental Toxicology, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie de, 4 Avenue de l'Observatoire F, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Patrice Rat
- Team Analytical Chemistry and Experimental Toxicology, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie de, 4 Avenue de l'Observatoire F, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Brigitte Deguin
- Team Natural Products, Analyzes and Syntheses, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie de, 4 Avenue de l'Observatoire F, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Dejan Gođevac
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, National Institute, Univeristy of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nebojša Menković
- Institute for Medicinal Plants Research "Dr. Josif Pančić", Department of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Tadeuša Košćuška 1, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Živković
- Institute for Medicinal Plants Research "Dr. Josif Pančić", Department of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Tadeuša Košćuška 1, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gordana Zdunić
- Institute for Medicinal Plants Research "Dr. Josif Pančić", Department of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Tadeuša Košćuška 1, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sabrina Boutefnouchet
- Team Natural Products, Analyzes and Syntheses, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie de, 4 Avenue de l'Observatoire F, 75006, Paris, France
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Microwave-Assisted Water Extraction of Aspen (Populus tremula) and Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) Barks as a Tool for Their Valorization. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11121544. [PMID: 35736694 PMCID: PMC9228133 DOI: 10.3390/plants11121544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The barks of aspen (Populus tremula) and pine (Pinus sylvestris) are byproducts of wood processing, characterized by their low economic value. In the present study, microwave-assisted one-cycle water extraction was explored as a tool for the valorization of this biomass as a source of biologically active compounds. The microwave extractor of the original construction equipped with a pressurized extraction chamber and a condenser section was used. The microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), specially including dynamic dielectric heating up to 70 °C followed by 30 min of isothermal heating, promoted the isolation of salicin from aspen bark, allowing for the obtention of a two-times-higher free salicin concentration in water extracts (−14% vs. 7%) reached by multi-cycle accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), which is an advanced technique used as a reference. The MAE of pine bark with dynamic heating up to 90–130 °C, avoiding the isothermal heating step, allowed for the obtention of a 1.7-times-higher concentration of proantocyanidin dimers-tetramers, a 1.3-times-higher concentration of catechin and a 1.2-times-higher concentration of quinic acid in water extracts in comparison to a more time- and solvent-consuming ASE performed at the same temperature. The biological activity of the obtained extracts was characterized in terms of their ability to inhibit xahntine oxidase enzyme, which is a validated target for the therapeutic treatment of hyperuricemia.
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Sui Y, Shi J, Cai S, Xiong T, Xie B, Sun Z, Mei X. Metabolites of Procyanidins From Litchi Chinensis Pericarp With Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Effect and Antioxidant Activity. Front Nutr 2021; 8:676346. [PMID: 34621770 PMCID: PMC8490629 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.676346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Procyanidins from litchi pericarp (LPPC) has been evidenced to possess strong antioxidant activities in vivo that is possibly correlated with their intestinal metabolites. However, the xanthine oxidase inhibitory effect of LPPC and its metabolites was less concerned. In this study, three oligomeric procyanidins and eight metabolic phenolic acids were identified in the urine of rats administrated with LPPC by high performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. Data indicated that all the metabolites excreted were significantly increased by the treatment of 300 mg/kg body weight of LPPC (P < 0.05), revealing considerable 1, 1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radicals activities of scavenging. Moreover, phenolic metabolites involving epicatechin, A-type dimer, A-type trimer, caffeic acid, and shikimic acid exhibited greater xanthine oxidase inhibition effects compared with other metabolites, with an inhibitory rate higher than 50% at the concentration 200 μg/ml. The IC50 value of these five phenols were 58.43 ± 1.86, 68.37 ± 3.50, 74.87 ± 1.30, 95.67 ± 3.82, and 96.17 ± 1.64 μg/ml, respectively. As a whole, this work suggests that the xanthine oxidase inhibition and antioxidant activity of LPPC-derived metabolites as one of the mechanisms involved in the beneficial effects of LPPC against hyperuricemia or gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Sui
- Institute for Farm Products Processing and Nuclear-Agricultural Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianbin Shi
- Institute for Farm Products Processing and Nuclear-Agricultural Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, China
| | - Sha Cai
- Institute for Farm Products Processing and Nuclear-Agricultural Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, China
| | - Tian Xiong
- Institute for Farm Products Processing and Nuclear-Agricultural Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, China
| | - Bijun Xie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhida Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Mei
- Institute for Farm Products Processing and Nuclear-Agricultural Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, China
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Yılmaz Ü, Noma SAA, Taşkın Tok T, Şen B, Gök Y, Aktaş A, Ateş B, Aygün M. A study about excellent xanthine oxidase inhibitory effects of new pyridine salts. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-021-02831-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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9
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Antihyperuricemic, Anti-Inflammatory and Antihypertensive Effect of a Dry Extract from Solidago virgaurea L. (Asteraceae). Sci Pharm 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/scipharm89020027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Solidago virgaurea L. is a perennial plant used in European traditional medicine as a diuretic or a remedy for inflammatory conditions of the urinary tract but also for gout, especially in the Balkans. The present study was focused on a preclinical, in vivo evaluation of antihyperuricemic, anti-inflammatory, and antihypertensive effects of a dry extract from S. virgaurea L. (ESV). Colorimetric and HPLC–MS techniques were used to identify the main chemical constituents of ESV. Antihyperuricemic effect of ESV was assessed in a rat model of hyperuricemia induced by the administration of potassium oxonate. Antihypertensive effect of ESV was evaluated in hyperuricemic rats by monitoring systolic blood pressure with a non-invasive blood-pressure recording system. The anti-inflammatory effect of ESV was tested using a rat model of paw edema. The main chemical constituents of ESV were rutin and phenolic acids represented by chlorogenic and caffeic acid. ESV demonstrated significant antihyperuricemic effects in rats due to an uricosuric mechanism. Additionally, ESV reduced the progression of arterial hypertension in hyperuricemic rats and also showed anti-inflammatory properties slightly inferior to diclofenac. The results suggest that ESV could be a natural remedy for the treatment of gout and protection against endothelial dysfunction caused by hyperuricemia.
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Orhan IE, Deniz FSS. Natural Products and Extracts as Xantine Oxidase Inhibitors - A Hope for Gout Disease? Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:143-158. [PMID: 32723252 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200728144605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Xanthine oxidase (EC 1.17.3.2) (XO) is one of the main enzymatic sources that create reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the living system. It is a dehydrogenase enzyme that performs electron transfer to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), while oxidizing hypoxanthin, which is an intermediate compound in purine catabolism, first to xanthine and then to uric acid. XO turns into an oxidant enzyme that oxidizes thiol groups under certain stress conditions in the tissue. The last metabolic step, in which hypoxanthin turns into uric acid, is catalyzed by XO. Uric acid, considered a waste product, can cause kidney stones and gouty-type arthritis as it is crystallized, when present in high concentrations. Thus, XO inhibitors are one of the drug classes used against gout, a purine metabolism disease that causes urate crystal storage in the joint and its surroundings caused by hyperuricemia. Urate-lowering therapy includes XO inhibitors that reduce uric acid production as well as uricosuric drugs that increase urea excretion. Current drugs that obstruct uric acid synthesis through XO inhibition are allopurinol, febuxostat, and uricase. However, since the side effects, safety and tolerability problems of some current gout medications still exist, intensive research is ongoing to look for new, effective, and safer XO inhibitors of natural or synthetic origins for the treatment of the disease. In the present review, we aimed to assess in detail XO inhibitory capacities of pure natural compounds along with the extracts from plants and other natural sources via screening Pubmed, Web of Science (WoS), Scopus, and Google Academic. The data pointed out to the fact that natural products, particularly phenolics such as flavonoids (quercetin, apigenin, and scutellarein), tannins (agrimoniin and ellagitannin), chalcones (melanoxethin), triterpenes (ginsenoside Rd and ursolic acid), stilbenes (resveratrol and piceatannol), alkaloids (berberin and palmatin) have a great potential for new XO inhibitors capable of use against gout disease. In addition, not only plants but other biological sources such as microfungi, macrofungi, lichens, insects (silk worms, ants, etc) seem to be the promising sources of novel XO inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilkay E Orhan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatma S S Deniz
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Ankara, Turkey
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Kis B, Avram S, Pavel IZ, Lombrea A, Buda V, Dehelean CA, Soica C, Yerer MB, Bojin F, Folescu R, Danciu C. Recent Advances Regarding the Phytochemical and Therapeutic Uses of Populus nigra L. Buds. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9111464. [PMID: 33138272 PMCID: PMC7693997 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Populus nigra L. (Salicaceae family) is one of the most popular trees that can be found in deciduous forests. Some particularities that characterize the Populus genus refer to the fact that it includes more than 40 species, being widespread especially in Europe and Asia. Many residues, parts of this tree can be used as a bioresource for different extracts as active ingredients in pharmaceuticals next to multiple benefits in many areas of medicine. The present review discusses the latest findings regarding the phytochemical composition and the therapeutic properties of Populus nigra L. buds. The vegetal product has been described mainly to contain phenolic compounds (phenols, phenolic acids and phenylpropanoids), terpenoids (mono and sesquiterpenoids), flavones (e.g., apigenol and crysin), flavanones (e.g., pinocembrin and pinostrombin), caffeic/ferulic acids and their derivates, and more than 48 phytocompounds in the essential oils. The resinous exudates present on the buds have been the major plant source used by bees to form propolis. Several studies depicted its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, antidiabetic, antitumor, hepatoprotective, hypouricemic properties and its effects on melanin production. All these lead to the conclusion that black poplar buds are a valuable and important source of bioactive compounds responsible for a wide range of therapeutic uses, being a promising candidate as a complementary and/or alternative source for a large number of health problems. The aim of the review is to gather the existing information and to bring an up to date regarding the phytochemical and therapeutic uses of Populus nigra L. buds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitta Kis
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No.2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (B.K.); (S.A.); (I.Z.P.); (A.L.); (C.D.)
| | - Stefana Avram
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No.2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (B.K.); (S.A.); (I.Z.P.); (A.L.); (C.D.)
| | - Ioana Zinuca Pavel
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No.2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (B.K.); (S.A.); (I.Z.P.); (A.L.); (C.D.)
| | - Adelina Lombrea
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No.2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (B.K.); (S.A.); (I.Z.P.); (A.L.); (C.D.)
| | - Valentina Buda
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No.2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-755-100-408
| | - Cristina Adriana Dehelean
- Department of Toxicology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No.2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Codruta Soica
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No.2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Mukerrem Betul Yerer
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Melikgazi, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey;
| | - Florina Bojin
- Department of Functional Sciences, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2, Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timişoara, Romania;
| | - Roxana Folescu
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Victor Babeş, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Corina Danciu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No.2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (B.K.); (S.A.); (I.Z.P.); (A.L.); (C.D.)
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Morais Fernandes J, Ortiz S, Padilha M Tavares R, Mandova T, Rodrigues D Araújo E, L Andrade AW, Michel S, Grougnet R, Zucolotto SM. Bryophyllum pinnatum markers: CPC isolation, simultaneous quantification by a validated UPLC-DAD method and biological evaluations. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 193:113682. [PMID: 33166841 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) Oken (Crassulaceae) is widely used as leaf juice or extracts in traditional medicine all over tropical areas, especially in Brazil, to relieve inflammation-associated symptoms. Flavonol glycosides with unusual sugar moiety are among the major metabolites. Nevertheless, there are not enough quality control studies that can contribute to authentication of B. pinnatum and determination of their markers. As it is also used as medicinal plant in several countries, it is necessary to provide data related to safety, efficacy and quality. In this context, this work aims to isolate the major flavonoids from B. pinnatum hydroethanolic extract, to validate a method to quantify the content of chemical markers and to evaluate their xanthine oxidase inhibition and antioxidant activity. The extract was submitted to centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC). The solvents system CyHex-EtOAc-EtOH-H2O, 0.5:9:3:5.5, v/v/v/v was selected by shake-flask method. Four flavonoids (quercetin 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (1), kaempferol 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (2), quercetin 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (3) and kaempferol 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (4)) were isolated in a single and fast CPC run and their structures were confirmed by NMR analysis. An UPLC-DAD quantification method was established for the first time with validation of required parameters, according to RDC 166/2017. The calibration curves were linear with correlation coefficient ranging from 0.9996 to 0.9997 while the values of LOD (0.0077-1.984 ng.mL-1), LOQ (0.0263-6.012 ng.mL-1), recovery (≥ 80.7 %) and inter-day (%RSD ≤ 3.581) and intra-day precision (%RSD ≤ 2.628) were satisfactory. Quantitative analysis of these compounds showed that the proportion of 1, 2 and 3 were 2.43, 0.25 and 0.33 % (24.3 mg.g-1, 0.25 mg.g-1 and 0.33 mg.g-1 of extract), respectively. Moreover, in vitro xanthine oxidase (XO), DPPH and ABTS inhibition were evaluated for the extract and the major flavonoids. Compounds 2 (168 μM) and 3 (124 μM) moderately inhibited XO, while compounds 1 and 3 displayed average radical scavenging activity. In conclusion, our results suggest the flavonoid 1 as a specific marker which may be used for quality control of B. pinnatum hydroethanolic leaves extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Morais Fernandes
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais Bioativos, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 59.012-570 Natal, Brazil
| | - Sergio Ortiz
- Equipe Produits Naturels, Analyse, Synthèse, UMR CNRS 8038, Faculté de Pharmacie, Equipe Produits Naturels, Analyse, Synthèse, UMR CNRS 8038, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Paris, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Raquel Padilha M Tavares
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais Bioativos, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 59.012-570 Natal, Brazil
| | - Tsvetelina Mandova
- Equipe Produits Naturels, Analyse, Synthèse, UMR CNRS 8038, Faculté de Pharmacie, Equipe Produits Naturels, Analyse, Synthèse, UMR CNRS 8038, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Paris, 75006, Paris, France; Gilson Purification SAS, Saint-Avé, France
| | - Edilane Rodrigues D Araújo
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais Bioativos, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 59.012-570 Natal, Brazil
| | - Anderson Wilbur L Andrade
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais Bioativos, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 59.012-570 Natal, Brazil
| | - Sylvie Michel
- Equipe Produits Naturels, Analyse, Synthèse, UMR CNRS 8038, Faculté de Pharmacie, Equipe Produits Naturels, Analyse, Synthèse, UMR CNRS 8038, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Paris, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Raphaël Grougnet
- Equipe Produits Naturels, Analyse, Synthèse, UMR CNRS 8038, Faculté de Pharmacie, Equipe Produits Naturels, Analyse, Synthèse, UMR CNRS 8038, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Paris, 75006, Paris, France.
| | - Silvana Maria Zucolotto
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais Bioativos, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 59.012-570 Natal, Brazil.
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Antioxidant Activity, Enzyme Inhibition Potentials, and Phytochemical Profiling of Premna serratifolia L. Leaf Extracts. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE 2020; 2020:3436940. [PMID: 33029485 PMCID: PMC7532407 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3436940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Premna serratifolia, commonly known as Arogo in Tentena-Sulawesi, is a popular vegetable. As a promising herbal tea and food ingredient, further investigation is required to find the best knowledge for medicinal use of P. serratifolia leaves. This research investigated the antioxidant activity of the ethanol (EEPS) and water (WEPS) extracts of P. serratifolia leaves, based on their scavenging activities on DPPH radicals and their reducing capacities (CuPRAC, total antioxidant/phosphomolybdenum, and ferric thiocyanate reducing power assays). The DNA-protecting effect by EEPS was tested using pBR322 plasmid DNA against •OH radical-induced damage. The inhibition potentials of both extracts against several enzymes related to metabolic diseases (α-glucosidase, α-amylase, xanthine oxidase, and protease) were evaluated. The phytochemical analysis was conducted by an LC-QTOF-MS/MS technique. EEPS proved to be a better antioxidant and had higher phenolic content compared to WEPS. EEPS demonstrated a protective effect on DNA with recovery percentage linearly correlated with EEPS concentrations. Strong inhibition on α-glucosidase and α-amylase was observed for EEPS; however, EEPS and WEPS showed weak inhibitions on xanthine oxidase and protease. LC-QTOF-MS/MS analysis identified seven main components in EEPS, namely scroside E, forsythoside A and forsythoside B, lavandulifolioside, diosmin, nobilin D, campneoside I, and isoacteoside. These components may be responsible for the observed enzymes inhibitions and antioxidant properties. Premna serratifolia leaves can be an appropriate choice for the development of nutraceutical and drug preparations.
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Misra A, Srivastava S, Kumar S, Shukla PK, Kumar M, Agrawal PK, Barik SK. Chemotaxonomic studies on natural population of Gloriosa superba (L.) collected from Gangetic plain (India) and their invitro antigout activity for the identification of elite germplasm(s). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 249:112387. [PMID: 31756449 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Gloriosa superba L. (Colchicaceae) is used in the treatment of gout and rheumatism as a traditional medicine dates back to 1810. It has also been used as ethnobotanical and folklore medicine to induce abortion/vaginal poison. AIM OF STUDY The present study was carried out to identify the chemical variation existing in the major alkaloid metabolite (colchicine) in a threatened species, Gloriosa superba L. and is correlated with invitro antigout activity. MATERIAL AND METHOD The samples (tuber) were collected from their natural locations in Gangetic plain of India. HPLC-PDA quantification of colchicine was done on C18 column at 245 nm and invitro antigout activity was analyzed by inhibition of protein denaturation, DPPH and Hydroxyl radical scavenging assay. RESULTS The colchicine content within the 29 samples ranges from 0.021 to 0.665% and the maximum contents was in NBG-10 from Kanth (U.P). Such high colchicine (0.665%) containing natural population of G. superba is reported for the first time in Indian population. Four chemotypes viz. NBG-10, NBG-120, NBG-126 and NBG-88 were selected on the basis of colchicine content for invitro antigout activity. NBG-10 was separated from rest of the population exhibiting the most promising activity with high colchicine content. CONCLUSION The outcomes will be helpful in the identification of elite chemotype for herbal product development and quality check of metabolites in raw material. The study will also support the site-specific commercial cultivation to meet out the industrial demand as well as income generation to farmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Misra
- Pharmacognosy Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, U.P, 226001, India
| | - Sharad Srivastava
- Pharmacognosy Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, U.P, 226001, India.
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Regional Chief Conservator of Forest, Hazaribagh, Jharkhand, India
| | - Pushpendra Kumar Shukla
- Pharmacognosy Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, U.P, 226001, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Pharmacognosy Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, U.P, 226001, India
| | | | - Saroj Kanta Barik
- Pharmacognosy Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, U.P, 226001, India
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Pobłocka-Olech L, Inkielewicz-Stepniak I, Krauze-Baranowska M. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects of the buds from different species of Populus in human gingival fibroblast cells: Role of bioflavanones. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 56:1-9. [PMID: 30668329 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poplar leaf-buds (Populi gemmae) are used traditionally as anti-inflammatory agents to the treatment of skin injuries or cough. They differ in their diverse chemical composition and different types of activities, whose mechanisms are not fully recognized. PURPOSE Evaluation and comparison of anti-inflammatory activity of leaf-buds extracts from Populus nigra, P. × berolinensis and P. lasiocarpa and flavanones - pinocembrin and pinostrobin towards human gingival fibroblasts (HGF-1) pro-inflammatory stimulated by silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Determination of antioxidant activity associated with anti-inflammatory properties by means of bioautographic TLC tests. METHODS Phytochemical analysis was performed by TLC and videodensitometry analysis. The extracts were standardized on the pinocembrin and pinostrobin content. Bioautography was performed using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and riboflavin-light blue tetrazolium chloride (riboflavin-light-NBT) radicals to assess the extracts and both flavanones radical scavenging properties as well as potential inhibition of xanthine oxidase (XO) activity. The protective effects of poplar buds extract and flavanones - pinocembrin and pinostrobin on HGF-1 line exposured to AgNPs were investigated by analysis of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interleukin IL-1β (IL-1β) level measured by ELISA kit. The messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) of both cytokines was determined by real-time quantitative PCR. The involvement of cyclooxygenase 2 protein (COX-2) was studied using Western blot analysis. RESULTS The presence of several flavanones and phenolic acids, which have radical scavenging properties, was revealed in all of the bud poplar extracts analyzed. Treatment with particular flavanones or extracts from buds of P. × berolinensis and P. nigra decreased the IL-6 and IL-1β release in HGF-1 cells and down-regulation of mRNA for both cytokines was observed. The COX-2 protein expression was demonstrated for pinocembrin and P. × berolinensis buds. These effects were not observed for buds from P. lasiocarpa not containing of flavonoids. CONCLUSION The potential protective role of pinocembrin and pinostrobin and extracts from buds P. nigra and P. × berolinensis against AgNPs induced inflammation and cytotoxicity in HGF-1 cells is disclosed. In addition, the antioxidant properties of poplar bud extracts have been demonstrated. P. × berolinensis buds showed the highest activity in both the in vitro model and in the bioautographic tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loretta Pobłocka-Olech
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plants Garden, Faculty of Pharmacy with Subfaculty of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gen. J. Hallera 107, Gdańsk 80-416, Poland
| | - Iwona Inkielewicz-Stepniak
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1, Gdańsk 80-211, Poland
| | - Mirosława Krauze-Baranowska
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plants Garden, Faculty of Pharmacy with Subfaculty of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gen. J. Hallera 107, Gdańsk 80-416, Poland.
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Ortiz S, Lecsö-Bornet M, Michel S, Grougnet R, Boutefnouchet S. Chemical composition and biological activity of essential oils from Artemisia copa Phil. var. copa (Asteraceae) and Aloysia deserticola (Phil.) Lu-Irving & O’Leary (Verbenaceae), used in the Chilean Atacama’s Taira Community (Antofagasta, Chile). JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2019.1572549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Ortiz
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, France
| | - Marylin Lecsö-Bornet
- Laboratoire Ecosystème Intestinal, Probiotiques, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbone Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Michel
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, France
| | - Raphaël Grougnet
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, France
| | - Sabrina Boutefnouchet
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, France
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Almada-Taylor G, Díaz-Rubio L, Salazar-Aranda R, Waksman de Torres N, Uranga-Solis C, Delgadillo-Rodríguez J, Ramos MA, Padrón JM, Hernández-Martínez R, Córdova-Guerrero I. Biological Activities of Extracts from Aerial Parts of Salvia pachyphylla Epling Ex Munz. PLANTS 2018; 7:plants7040105. [PMID: 30477162 PMCID: PMC6314080 DOI: 10.3390/plants7040105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiproliferative, and enzyme inhibitory properties of five extracts from aerial parts of Salvia pachyphylla Epling ex Munz were examined to assess the prospective of this plant as a source of natural products with therapeutic potential. These properties were analyzed by performing a set of standard assays. The extract obtained with dichloromethane showed the most variety of components, as they yielded promising results in all completed assays. Furthermore, the extract obtained with ethyl acetate exhibited the greatest antioxidant activity, as well as the best xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity. Remarkably, both extracts obtained with n-hexane or dichloromethane revealed significant antimicrobial activity against the Gram-positive bacteria; additionally, they showed greater antiproliferative activity against three representative cell lines of the most common types of cancers in women worldwide, and against a cell line that exemplifies cancers that typically develop drug resistance. Despite that, other extracts were less active, such as the methanolic or aqueous; their results are promising for the isolation and identification of novel bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Almada-Taylor
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Calzada Universidad 14418, 22390 Tijuana, Mexico.
| | - Laura Díaz-Rubio
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Calzada Universidad 14418, 22390 Tijuana, Mexico.
| | - Ricardo Salazar-Aranda
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Madero y Dr. Aguirre Pequeño, 64460 Monterrey, Mexico.
| | - Noemí Waksman de Torres
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Madero y Dr. Aguirre Pequeño, 64460 Monterrey, Mexico.
| | - Carla Uranga-Solis
- Centro de Investigación Científica y Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada 3918, 22860 Ensenada, Mexico.
| | - José Delgadillo-Rodríguez
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada km. 103, 22860 Ensenada, Mexico.
| | - Marco A Ramos
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Calzada Universidad 14418, 22390 Tijuana, Mexico.
| | - José M Padrón
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica "Antonio González", Universidad de La Laguna, Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Spain.
| | - Rufina Hernández-Martínez
- Centro de Investigación Científica y Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada 3918, 22860 Ensenada, Mexico.
| | - Iván Córdova-Guerrero
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Calzada Universidad 14418, 22390 Tijuana, Mexico.
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El Harrad L, Bourais I, Mohammadi H, Amine A. Recent Advances in Electrochemical Biosensors Based on Enzyme Inhibition for Clinical and Pharmaceutical Applications. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 18:E164. [PMID: 29315246 PMCID: PMC5795370 DOI: 10.3390/s18010164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A large number of enzyme inhibitors are used as drugs to treat several diseases such as gout, diabetes, AIDS, depression, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. Electrochemical biosensors based on enzyme inhibition are useful devices for an easy, fast and environment friendly monitoring of inhibitors like drugs. In the last decades, electrochemical biosensors have shown great potentials in the detection of different drugs like neostigmine, ketoconazole, donepezil, allopurinol and many others. They attracted increasing attention due to the advantage of being high sensitive and accurate analytical tools, able to reach low detection limits and the possibility to be performed on real samples. This review will spotlight the research conducted in the past 10 years (2007-2017) on inhibition based enzymatic electrochemical biosensors for the analysis of different drugs. New assays based on novel bio-devices will be debated. Moreover, the exploration of the recent graphical approach in diagnosis of reversible and irreversible inhibition mechanism will be discussed. The accurate and the fast diagnosis of inhibition type will help researchers in further drug design improvements and the identification of new molecules that will serve as new enzyme targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loubna El Harrad
- Laboratory of Process Engineering & Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Mohammadia B.P.146, Morocco.
| | - Ilhame Bourais
- Laboratory of Process Engineering & Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Mohammadia B.P.146, Morocco.
| | - Hasna Mohammadi
- Laboratory of Process Engineering & Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Mohammadia B.P.146, Morocco.
| | - Aziz Amine
- Laboratory of Process Engineering & Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Mohammadia B.P.146, Morocco.
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Gout. Integr Med (Encinitas) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-35868-2.00069-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Šmelcerović A, Šmelcerović Ž, Tomović K, Kocić G, Đorđević A. Secondary Metabolites of Hypericum L. Species as Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors. ACTA FACULTATIS MEDICAE NAISSENSIS 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/afmnai-2017-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Summary
Nine Hypericum species (H. barbatum, H. hirsutum, H. linarioides, H. olympicum, H. perforatum, H. rochelii, H. rumeliacum, H. tetrapterum and H. umbellatum) collected in Serbia were assayed for inhibitory potential against xanthine oxidase in vitro, on the commercial enzyme, and compared with allopurinol. Seven studied Hypericum species (H. barbatum, H. rochelii, H. rumeliacum, H. umbellatum, H. perforatum, H. tetrapterum and H. olympicum) inhibit commercial xanthine oxidase with an IC50 below 100 μg/mL. H. barbatum exerted the most potent inhibitory effect (IC50 = 31.84 ± 6.64 μg/mL), followed closely by H. perforatum (IC50 = 37.12 ± 4.06 μg/mL).
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Valorization of the whole grains of Triticum aestivum L. and Triticum vulgare L. through the investigation of their biochemical composition and in vitro antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and anticalpain activities. J Cereal Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2017.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Effect of Betula pendula Leaf Extract on α-Glucosidase and Glutathione Level in Glucose-Induced Oxidative Stress. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:8429398. [PMID: 27668005 PMCID: PMC5030411 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8429398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
B. pendula leaf is a common ingredient in traditional herbal combinations for treatment of diabetes in southeastern Europe. Present study investigated B. pendula ethanolic and aqueous extract as inhibitors of carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes, as well as their ability to restore glutathione concentration in Hep G2 cells subjected to glucose-induced oxidative stress. Phytochemical analysis revealed presence of rutin and other quercetin derivatives, as well as chlorogenic acid. In general, ethanolic extract was richer in phenolic substances than the aqueous extract. Furthermore, a comprehensive analysis of antioxidant activity of two extracts (determined by DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity, total antioxidant activity, and chelating activity as well as ferric-reducing antioxidant power) has shown that ethanolic extract was better radical scavenger and metal ion reductant. In addition, ethanolic extract effectively increased cellular glutathione levels caused by hyperglycemia and inhibited α-glucosidase with the activity comparable to that of acarbose. Therefore, in vitro research using B. pendula plant extracts has confirmed their antidiabetic properties.
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Kaufmann CM, Grassmann J, Letzel T. HPLC method development for the online-coupling of chromatographic Perilla frutescens extract separation with xanthine oxidase enzymatic assay. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 124:347-357. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Amperometric biosensor based on prussian blue and nafion modified screen-printed electrode for screening of potential xanthine oxidase inhibitors from medicinal plants. Enzyme Microb Technol 2016; 85:57-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Erdogan Orhan I, Senol FS, Aslan Erdem S, Tatli II, Kartal M, Alp S. Tyrosinase and Cholinesterase Inhibitory Potential and Flavonoid Characterization of Viola odorata
L. (Sweet Violet). Phytother Res 2015; 29:1304-1310. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilkay Erdogan Orhan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy; Gazi University; 06330 Ankara Turkey
| | - Fatma Sezer Senol
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy; Gazi University; 06330 Ankara Turkey
| | - Sinem Aslan Erdem
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy; Ankara University; 06100 Ankara Turkey
| | - I. Irem Tatli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy; Hacettepe University; 06100 Ankara Turkey
| | - Murat Kartal
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy; Ankara University; 06100 Ankara Turkey
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Center of Phytotherapy Education, Research and Practice; Bezmialem Vakif University; 34093 Istanbul Turkey
| | - Sevket Alp
- Department of Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Agriculture; Yuzuncu Yıl University; 65080 Van Turkey
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Kendir G, Dinç E, Güvenç AK. Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography for the Simultaneous Quantification of Rutin and Chlorogenic Acid in Leaves ofRibesL. Species by Conventional and Chemometric Calibration Approaches. J Chromatogr Sci 2015; 53:1577-87. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmv060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Zhou CH, Li DQ, Xiao YY, Yang XL, Zhang ZQ. Practical method for the rapid screening of xanthine oxidase inhibitors in herbal extracts by high-performance liquid chromatography based on on-line precolumn enzymatic reaction. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:2267-71. [PMID: 25914271 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A high-performance liquid chromatography method with on-line precolumn enzymatic reaction for the screening of xanthine oxidase inhibitors in natural extracts was developed. In this method, the enzymatic reaction occurred at the capillary inlet during a predetermined waiting period, after which the reaction product, uric acid, was separated and detected by liquid chromatography using ultraviolet absorption at 295 nm. Enzyme inhibition can be read out directly from the reduced peak area of uric acid in comparison to a reference chromatogram obtained in the absence of any inhibitor. In the present study, the availability of on-line precolumn enzymatic reaction with ultraviolet detection was firstly evaluated by determining the inhibitory mechanism and IC50 values of allopurinol, a commercially available positive drug. Then, the newly developed method was applied to screening of ten natural extracts from traditional Chinese medicine and as a result, the extract of Epimedium sagittatum (Sieb. et Zucc.) Maxim was found to be most positive for xanthine oxidase inhibition. The results obtained were compared with those obtained by offline enzyme assay and the effectiveness of the present method was confirmed. A rapid, low-cost, and fully automated method for xanthine oxidase inhibitor screening was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hua Zhou
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei province, China
| | - De-Qiang Li
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei province, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Xiao
- The Dacheng Country Hospital, Langfang city, Hebei province, China
| | - Xiu-Ling Yang
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei province, China
| | - Zhi-Qing Zhang
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei province, China
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Rastogi S, Pandey MM, Kumar Singh Rawat A. Medicinal plants of the genus Betula--traditional uses and a phytochemical-pharmacological review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 159:62-83. [PMID: 25449458 PMCID: PMC7126499 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Trees and shrubs of the genus Betula (Betulaceae) inhabit various ecosystems in temperate and boreal climate zones of the northern hemisphere. The healing properties of Betula bark and bark extracts have been known for a long time in traditional medicine in different parts of the world. Several species of Betula have traditionally been used for the treatment of various inflammatory diseases including arthritis. The purpose of this review is to provide updated, comprehensive and categorized information on the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological and toxicological research of Betula species in order to explore their therapeutic potential and evaluate future research opportunities. MATERIALS AND METHODS All the available information on various species belonging to the genus Betula was collected via electronic search (using Pubmed, SciFinder, Scirus, Google Scholar, JCCC@INSTIRC and Web of Science) and a library search for articles published in peer-reviewed journals. RESULTS Although over a hundred Betula species are found distributed globally, about 7 different species of Betula have been documented for their traditional uses. Phytochemical research on Betula species has led to the isolation of triterpenoids, diarylheptanoids, phenylbutanoids, lignans, phenolics and flavonoids. Crude extracts, fractions and phytochemical constituents isolated from Betula showed a wide spectrum of in vitro and in vivo pharmacological activities like immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, antioxidant, antidiabetic, dermatological, gastroprotective and hepatoprotective. Antiarthritic and anticancer are the two major areas of research conducted on these species. The anti-carcinogenic effects of Betula bark, betulin as well as betulinic acid have been extensively studied. CONCLUSIONS Several species belonging to the genus Betula are widely used in traditional medicine. Betula platyphylla and Betula pendula have specifically been found to be potentially useful in the treatment of degenerative joint disease. There is convincing evidence in experimental animal models in support of their anti-carcinogenic effects. However, it would be worthwhile to investigate the biochemical and physiological mechanisms as well as detailed preclinical toxicity, bioavailability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the different biologically active extracts as well as molecules in sufficient detail. An integrated and holistic approach is required for tapping the full potentials of this important genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subha Rastogi
- Pharmacognosy & Ethnopharmacology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226 001, India.
| | - Madan Mohan Pandey
- Pharmacognosy & Ethnopharmacology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226 001, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Singh Rawat
- Pharmacognosy & Ethnopharmacology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226 001, India
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Abstract
Xanthine oxidase (XO) is an important enzyme catalyzing the hydroxylation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and xanthine to uric acid which is excreted by kidneys. Excessive production and/or inadequate excretion of uric acid results in hyperuricemia. This paper presents a detailed review of methods of isolation, determination of xanthine oxidase activity, and the effect of plant extracts and their constituents on it. Determining the content and activities of XO can be used for diagnostic purposes. Testing inhibition of XO is important for detection of potentially effective compounds or extracts that can be used to treat diseases that are caused by increased activity of XO.In vitrobioassays are used to examine test material for XO inhibition, as inhibitors of XO may be potentially useful for the treatment of gout or other XO induced diseases. Several authors reported on the XO inhibitory potential of traditionally used medicinal plants.
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Argulla LE, Chichioco-Hernandez CL. Xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of some Leguminosae plants. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(14)60602-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Apaya MKL, Chichioco-Hernandez CL. New steroidal saponin from Antigonon leptopus Hook. and Arn. Pharmacogn Mag 2014; 10:S501-5. [PMID: 25298666 PMCID: PMC4189264 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.139781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Antigonon leptopus Hook. and Arn., Polygonaceae (cadena de amor), is a herbal remedy for pain and gout-like symptoms in the Philippines. The methanol extract of A. leptopus have shown strong inhibitory action against xanthine oxidase. Objective: To isolate and identify the compound responsible for the xanthine oxidase inhibitory action. Materials and Methods: A bioassay-guided isolation scheme using an in vitro assay for the inhibition of xanthine oxidase was employed. The structure was established using spectroscopic analysis and chemical methods. Results: The isolated compound was determined to be a noncompetitive inhibitor of xanthine with an IC50 of 1.79 μg/mL. Conclusion: The isolated compound may represent a new class of xanthine oxidase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Karmella L Apaya
- Institute of Chemistry, College of Science, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines
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Chen Z, Tao H, Liao L, Zhang Z, Wang Z. Quick identification of xanthine oxidase inhibitor and antioxidant from Erycibe obtusifolia by a drug discovery platform composed of multiple mass spectrometric platforms and thin-layer chromatography bioautography. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:2253-9. [PMID: 24895238 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2014] [Revised: 05/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
As a final step of the purine metabolism process, xanthine oxidase catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine and xanthine into uric acid. Our research has demonstrated that Erycibe obtusifolia has xanthine oxidase inhibitory properties. The purpose of this paper is to describe a new strategy based on a combination of multiple mass spectrometric platforms and thin-layer chromatography bioautography for effectively screening the xanthine oxidase inhibitory and antioxidant properties of E. obtusifolia. This strategy was accomplished through the following steps. (i) Separate the extract of E. obtusifolia into fractions by an autopurification system controlled by liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. (ii) Determine the active fractions of E. obtusifolia by thin-layer chromatography bioautography. (iii) Identify the structure of the main active compounds with the information provided by direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry. (iv) Calculate the IC50 value of each compound against xanthine oxidase using high-performance liquid chromatography. Using the caulis of E. obtusifolia as the experimental material, seven target peaks were screened out as xanthine oxidase inhibitors or antioxidants. Our screening strategy allows for rapid analysis of small molecules with almost no sample preparation and can be completed within a week, making it a useful assay to identify unstable compounds and provide the empirical foundation for E. obtusifolia as a natural remedy for gout and oxidative-stress-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Chen
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The Shanghai Key Laboratory for Compound Chinese medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China; Department of Pharmacognosy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
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Li D, Zhao J, Li S. High-performance liquid chromatography coupled with post-column dual-bioactivity assay for simultaneous screening of xanthine oxidase inhibitors and free radical scavengers from complex mixture. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1345:50-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.03.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Neergheen-Bhujun VS, Munogee N, Coolen V. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory efficacies of polyherbal formulations and elixirs traditionally used in Mauritius for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. J Herb Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Screening of xanthine oxidase inhibitors in complex mixtures using online HPLC coupled with postcolumn fluorescence-based biochemical detection. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:338-44. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201301207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Bioactivity of Nonedible Parts of Punica granatum L.: A Potential Source of Functional Ingredients. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE 2013; 2013:602312. [PMID: 26904607 PMCID: PMC4745514 DOI: 10.1155/2013/602312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Punica granatum L. has a long standing culinary and medicinal traditional use in Mauritius.
This prompted a comparative study to determine the bioefficacy of the flower, peel, leaf, stem, and seed extracts of the Mauritian P. granatum.
The flower and peel extracts resulting from organic solvent extraction exhibited strong antioxidant activities which correlated with the high levels of total phenolics, flavonoids, and proanthocyanidins. The peel extract had the most potent scavenging capacity reflected by high Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity value (5206.01 ± 578.48 μmol/g air dry weight), very low IC50 values for hypochlorous acid (0.004 ± 0.001 mg air dry weight/mL), and hydroxyl radicals scavenging (0.111 ± 0.001 mg air dry weight/mL). Peel extracts also significantly inhibited S. mutans (P < 0.001), S. mitis (P < 0.001), and L. acidophilus (P < 0.05) growth compared to ciprofloxacin. The flower extract exhibited high ferric reducing, nitric oxide scavenging, and iron (II) ions chelation and significantly inhibited microsomal lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, it showed a dose-dependent inhibition of xanthine oxidase with an IC50 value of 0.058 ± 0.011 mg air dry weight/mL. This study showed that nonedible parts of cultivated pomegranates, that are generally discarded, are bioactive in multiassay systems thereby suggesting their potential use as natural prophylactics and in food applications.
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The Hypouricemic Effect of Balanophora laxiflora Extracts and Derived Phytochemicals in Hyperuricemic Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:910152. [PMID: 22778779 PMCID: PMC3388452 DOI: 10.1155/2012/910152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to evaluate the lowering of uric acid using Balanophora laxiflora extracts and derived phytochemicals on potassium-oxonate-(PO-) induced hyperuricemia in mice. The results revealed that ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction of B. laxiflora extracts exhibited strong xanthine-oxidase-(XOD-) inhibitory activity. In addition, among the 10 subfractions (EA1–10) derived from EtOAc fraction, subfraction 8 (EA8) exhibited the best XOD-inhibitory activity. Four specific phytochemicals, 1-O-(E)-caffeoyl-β-D-glucopyranose (1), 1-O-(E)-p-coumaroyl-β-D-glucopyranose (2), 1,3-di-O-galloyl-4,6-(S)-hexahydroxydiphenoyl-β-D-glucopyranose (3), and 1-O-(E)-caffeoyl-4,6-(S)-hexahydroxydiphenoyl-β-D-glucopyranose (4), were further isolated and identified from this subfraction. Compounds 3 and 4 exhibited the strongest XOD-inhibitory activity compared with other compounds, and both hydrolyzable tannins were determined to be noncompetitive inhibitors according to the Lineweaver-Burk plot. On the other hand, the in vivo hypouricemic effect in hyperuricemic mice was consistent with XOD-inhibitory activity, indicating that B. laxiflora extracts and derived phytochemicals could be potential candidates as new hypouricemic agents.
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Current World Literature. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2012; 24:237-44. [DOI: 10.1097/bor.0b013e3283513e33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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In vitro xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of methanol extracts of Erythrina indica Lam. leaves and stem bark. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(12)60428-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Hameed FA. Gout. Integr Med (Encinitas) 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4377-1793-8.00049-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Gründemann C, Gruber CW, Hertrampf A, Zehl M, Kopp B, Huber R. An aqueous birch leaf extract of Betula pendula inhibits the growth and cell division of inflammatory lymphocytes. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 136:444-451. [PMID: 21619918 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Revised: 04/18/2011] [Accepted: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Leaf extracts of Betula pendula have been traditionally used for the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or osteoarthritis. AIM OF THE STUDY We investigated the anti-proliferative capacity of an aqueous leaf extract of Betula pendula (BPE) on human primary lymphocytes in vitro, because activated lymphocytes play a major role in the initiation and maintenance of RA. MATERIALS AND METHODS Lymphocyte proliferation and cell division was measured by the activity of mitochondrial dehydrogenases and by using the membrane-permeable dye carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE), respectively. Apoptosis was analyzed by surface staining of phosphatidylserine and intracellular activation of effector caspases 3 and 7 in comparison to the drug methotrexate using flow cytometric and photometrical analysis. In addition, the impact of the extract on cell cycle distribution was investigated by propidium iodide staining of DNA. For the bioassays BPE concentrations of 10-160 μg/mL were investigated. A phytochemical analysis, using LC-MS and HPLC, was conducted to identify the polyphenolic constituents of the birch leaf extract. RESULTS Leaf extracts of Betula pendula inhibited the growth and cell division (CD8(+): 40 μg/mL: 45%; 80 μg/mL: 60%; 160 μg/mL: 87%) (CD4(+): 40 μg/mL: 33%; 80 μg/mL: 54%; 160 μg/mL: 79%) of activated, but not of resting T lymphocytes in a significant dose-dependent manner. The inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation due to apoptosis induction (compared to untreated control: 40 μg/mL: 163%; 80 μg/mL: 240%; 160 μg/mL: 348%) and cell cycle arrest was comparable to that of methotrexate. LC-MS analyses showed that the extract contains different quercetin-glycosides. CONCLUSION Our results give a rational basis for the use of Betula pendula leaf extract for the treatment of immune disorders, like rheumatoid arthritis, by diminishing proliferating inflammatory lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Gründemann
- Center for Complementary Medicine, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University Medical Centre Freiburg, Breisacher Strasse 115B, Freiburg, Germany.
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Dudonné S, Poupard P, Coutière P, Woillez M, Richard T, Mérillon JM, Vitrac X. Phenolic composition and antioxidant properties of poplar bud (Populus nigra) extract: individual antioxidant contribution of phenolics and transcriptional effect on skin aging. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:4527-36. [PMID: 21425781 DOI: 10.1021/jf104791t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The Populus species possess great potential for therapeutical applications, especially for their known anti-inflammatory properties. The antioxidant properties of propolis, a hive product collected by honey bees mainly from poplar bud exudates, suggest that poplar buds also possess antioxidant properties. Here is reported the characterization of the antioxidant properties of an aqueous poplar bud (Populus nigra) extract. It presented a high total phenolic content, and moderate antioxidant properties as determined by ORAC assay. The main phenolic compounds identified were phenolic acids and flavonoid aglycons. These phenolic compounds were analyzed by ORAC assay for their individual antioxidant activity, in order to determine the major contributors to the total antioxidant activity of the extract. Thanks to their high antioxidant activity, caffeic and p-coumaric acids were identified as the major antioxidant components. Representing only 3.5% of its dry weight, these compounds represented together about 50% of the total antioxidant activity of the extract. The antioxidant properties of poplar bud extract and the phenolic compounds identified were also analyzed by cellular antioxidant activity assay (CAA), which was weakly correlated with ORAC assay. The transcriptional effect of poplar bud extract on skin aging was evaluated in vitro on a replicative senescence model of normal human dermal fibroblasts, using a customized DNA macroarray specifically designed to investigate skin aging markers. Among the detected genes, poplar bud extract significantly regulated genes involved in antioxidant defenses, inflammatory response and cell renewal. The collective antioxidant properties and transcriptional effect of this extract suggest potential antiaging properties which could be utilized in cosmetic and nutraceutical formulations.
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Leigh M, Raines DJ, Castillo CE, Duhme-Klair AK. Inhibition of Xanthine Oxidase by Thiosemicarbazones, Hydrazones and Dithiocarbazates Derived from Hydroxy-Substituted Benzaldehydes. ChemMedChem 2011; 6:1107-18. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201100054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Bangou MJ, Kiendrebeogo M, Meda NTR, Coulibaly AY, Compaoré M, Zeba B, Millogo-Rasolodimby J, Nacoulma OG. Evaluation of enzymes inhibition activities of medicinal plant from Burkina Faso. Pak J Biol Sci 2011; 14:99-105. [PMID: 21916259 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2011.99.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate some enzymes inhibitory effects of 11 plant species belonging to 9 families from Burkina Faso. Methanolic extracts were used for their Glutathione-s-transferase (GST), Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), Carboxylesterase (CES) and Xanthine Oxidase (XO) inhibitory activities at final concentration of 100 microg mL(-1). The total phenolics, flavonoids and tannins were also determined spectrophotometrically using Folin-Ciocalteu, AlCl3 and ammonium citrate iron reagents, respectively. Among the 11 species tested, the best inhibitory percentages were found with Euphorbia hirta, Sclerocarya birrea and Scoparia dulcis (inhibition > 40%) followed by Annona senegalensis, Annona squamosa, Polygala arenaria and Ceratotheca sesamoides (inhibition > 25%). The best total phenolic and tannin contents were found with S. birrea with 56.10 mg GAE/100 mg extract and 47.75 mg TAE/100 mg extract, respectively. E hirta presented the higher total flavonoids (9.96 mg QE/100 mg extract). It's was found that Sclerocarya birrea has inhibited all enzymes at more than 30% and this activity is correlated to total tannins contents. Contrary to S. birrea, the enzymatic activities of E. hirta and S. dulcis are correlated to total flavonoids contents. Present findings suggest that the methanolic extracts of those plant species are potential inhibitors of GST, AChE, CES and XO and confirm their traditional uses in the treatment of mental disorders, gout, painful inflammations and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mindiédiba Jean Bangou
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Chimie Appliquées, Université de Ouagadougou, 09 BP 848 Ouagadougou 09, Burkina Faso
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Jean Bango M, Kiendrebeo M, Compaore M, Yacouba Co A, Roland Med NT, Almaraz Ab N, Zeba B, Millogo-Ra J, Germaine N O. Enzyme Inhibition Effect and Polyphenolic Content of Medicinal Plant Extracts from Burkina Faso. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.3923/jbs.2011.31.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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