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Yin X, Meng Y, Sun C, Zhao Y, Wang W, Zhao P, Wang M, Ren J, Yao J, Zhang L, Xia X. Investigation of anti-aging and anti-infection properties of Jingfang Granules using the Caenorhabditis elegans model. Biogerontology 2024; 25:433-445. [PMID: 37572203 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-023-10058-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Jingfang Granule (JFG), a traditional Chinese medicine, is frequently employed in clinical settings for the treatment of infectious diseases. Nevertheless, the anti-aging and anti-infection effects of JFG remain uncertain. In the present study, these effects were evaluated using the Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) N2 as a model organism. The results demonstrated that JFG significantly increased the median lifespan of C. elegans by 31.2% at a dosage of 10 mg/mL, without any discernible adverse effects, such as alterations in the pharyngeal pumping rate or nematode motility. Moreover, JFG notably increased oviposition by 11.3%. Subsequent investigations revealed that JFG enhanced oxidative stress resistance in C. elegans by reducing reactive oxygen species levels and significantly improved survival rates in nematodes infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027. These findings suggest that JFG delays reproductive senescence in C. elegans and protects them from oxidative stress, thereby extending their lifespan. Additionally, JFG improves the survival of P. aeruginosa-infected nematodes. Consequently, JFG has potential as a candidate for the development of anti-aging and anti-infection functional medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yin
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250013, China
| | - Yiwei Meng
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250013, China
| | - Chenghong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. LTD, Linyi, 276005, China
| | - Yanqiu Zhao
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250013, China
| | - Weitao Wang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250013, China
| | - Peipei Zhao
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250013, China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250013, China
| | - Jingli Ren
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250013, China
| | - Jingchun Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. LTD, Linyi, 276005, China.
| | - Lixin Zhang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250013, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xuekui Xia
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250013, China.
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Zarroug SHO, Bajaman JS, Hamza FN, Saleem RA, Abdalla HK. Caenorhabditis elegans as an In Vivo Model for the Discovery and Development of Natural Plant-Based Antimicrobial Compounds. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1070. [PMID: 37630985 PMCID: PMC10458014 DOI: 10.3390/ph16081070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) due to the prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens is rapidly increasing worldwide, and the identification of new antimicrobial agents with innovative mechanisms of action is urgently required. Medicinal plants that have been utilised for centuries with minor side effects may hold great promise as sources of effective antimicrobial products. The free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) is an excellent live infection model for the discovery and development of new antimicrobial compounds. However, while C. elegans has widely been utilised to explore the effectiveness and toxicity of synthetic antibiotics, it has not been used to a comparable extent for the analysis of natural products. By screening the PubMed database, we identified articles reporting the use of the C. elegans model for the identification of natural products endowed with antibacterial and antifungal potential, and we critically analysed their results. The studies discussed here provide important information regarding "in vivo" antimicrobial effectiveness and toxicity of natural products, as evaluated prior to testing in conventional vertebrate models, thereby supporting the relevance of C. elegans as a highly proficient model for their identification and functional assessment. However, their critical evaluation also underlines that the characterisation of active phytochemicals and of their chemical structure, and the unravelling of their mechanisms of action represent decisive challenges for future research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samah H. O. Zarroug
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Takassusy Road, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Juhaina S. Bajaman
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Takassusy Road, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatheia N. Hamza
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Takassusy Road, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (F.N.H.); (R.A.S.)
| | - Rimah A. Saleem
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Takassusy Road, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (F.N.H.); (R.A.S.)
| | - Hana K. Abdalla
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Takassusy Road, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia;
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Li Y, Li P, Zhang W, Zheng X, Gu Q. New Wine in Old Bottle: Caenorhabditis Elegans in Food Science. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2023.2172429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yonglu Li
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Li
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weixi Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-food Processing; Fuli Institute of Food Science; National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-food Processing; Fuli Institute of Food Science; National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Gu
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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The Role of Anthocyanin in Modulating Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease and Its Potential to Be Developed as a Nutraceutical. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15111344. [PMID: 36355516 PMCID: PMC9692260 DOI: 10.3390/ph15111344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is directly linked to diabetes mellitus (DM), and its morbidity and mortality are rising at an alarming rate. Individuals with DM experience significantly worse clinical outcomes due to heart failure as a CVD consequence than non-diabetic patients. Hyperglycemia is the main culprit that triggers the activation of oxidative damage, inflammation, fibrosis, and apoptosis pathways that aggravate diabetic CVD progression. In recent years, the development of phytochemical-based nutraceutical products for diabetic treatment has risen due to their therapeutic properties. Anthocyanin, which can be found in various types of plants, has been proposed for preventing and treating various diseases, and has elicited excellent antioxidative, anti-inflammation, anti-fibrosis, and anti-apoptosis effects. In preclinical and clinical studies, plants rich in anthocyanin have been reported to attenuate diabetic CVD. Therefore, the development of anthocyanin as a nutraceutical in managing diabetic CVD is in demand. In this review, we unveil the role of anthocyanin in modulating diabetic CVD, and its potential to be developed as a nutraceutical for a therapeutic strategy in managing CVD associated with DM.
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Mahendra CK, Goh KW, Ming LC, Zengin G, Low LE, Ser HL, Goh BH. The Prospects of Swietenia macrophylla King in Skin Care. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050913. [PMID: 35624777 PMCID: PMC9137607 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of cosmetics in our lives is immeasurable. Covering items from daily personal hygienic products to skincare, it has become essential to consumers that the items that they use are safe and effective. Since natural products are from natural sources, and therefore considered “natural” and “green” in the public’s eyes, the rise in demand for such products is not surprising. Even so, factoring in the need to remain on trend and innovative, cosmetic companies are on a constant search for new ingredients and inventive new formulations. Based on numerous literature, the seed of Swietenia macrophylla has been shown to possess several potential “cosmetic-worthy” bioproperties, such as skin whitening, photoprotective, antioxidant, antimicrobial, etc. These properties are vital in the cosmetic business, as they ultimately contribute to the “ageless” beauty that many consumers yearn for. Therefore, with further refinement and research, these active phytocompounds may be a great contribution to the cosmetic field in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Keisha Mahendra
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia;
| | - Khang Wen Goh
- Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai 71800, Malaysia;
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- PAP Rashidah Sa’adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong BE1410, Brunei
- Correspondence: (L.C.M.); (B.H.G.)
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Biochemistry and Physiology Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya 42130, Turkey;
| | - Liang Ee Low
- Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia;
- Advanced Engineering Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia
| | - Hooi-Leng Ser
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia;
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia
| | - Bey Hing Goh
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia;
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Health and Well-Being Cluster, Global Asia in the 21st Century (GA21) Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (L.C.M.); (B.H.G.)
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Ajebli M, Eddouks M. Phytotherapy of Hypertension: An Updated Overview. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2021; 20:812-839. [PMID: 31880255 DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666191227104648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disorders are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the globe. Hypertension is the main risk factor that contributes to the development of many diseases. The use of herbal therapies, medicinal plants and their derivatives for the remedy and management of hypertension is well-recognized and popular among a wide part of the world population. METHODS The aim of the current review was to collect, treat, and critically analyze the published research studies relative to experimental and clinical investigations which have studied the blood pressure lowering abilities of medicinal plant derivatives in the last decade. This review was organized into three principal axes; the first axis was attributed to the in vivo and in vitro experimental studies; the second treated the clinical trials; while, the last one is devoted to analyze the mechanisms of action underlying the therapeutic antihypertensive effectiveness of phytochemicals. RESULTS Different types of extracts and isolated molecules obtained from a large variety of species demonstrated their efficiency in improving the increase of blood pressure either experimentally or clinically. Medicinal species such as garlic (Allium sativum), celery (Apium graveolens), Black Cumin (Nigella sativa) and Ginseng (Panax) are among the most common and therapeutically used plant derivatives for controlling hypertension while Asteraceae, Apiaceae and Rosaceae are among the botanical families which were frequently studied in the last decade. Isolated compounds such as allicin and apigenin have received more interest in this field. Recent evidence from clinical trials suggests that a wide variety of herbal preparations and plant extracts or natural isolated compounds have a favorable therapeutic impact on blood flow. Interestingly, phytochemicals can either act directly on blood vessels via a vasorelaxant effect involving a variety of signaling cascades or indirectly through inhibiting or stimulating diversity of systems such as angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), renin-angiotensin system (RAS) or the diuretic activity. Hence, based on the findings of the present review medicinal plant derivatives could be used as preventive and curative agents in the case of cardiovascular disorders, particularly hypertension and could play a promoting function for the discovery of new antihypertensive agents. CONCLUSION The analysis of the published data shows that a great effort remains to be done to investigate the medicinal plants cited as antihypertensive through published ethnopharmacological surveys. The analysis of the literature in this field shows the lack of standardization at the level of experimental study methods as well as the need to study purified molecules. Moreover, the mechanistic studies when they exist remain in the whole partial. On the other hand, few advanced clinical studies have been conducted. Finally, the determination of the efficacy/safety ratio remains absent in almost all studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ajebli
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Errachidia, Team of Endocrine Physiology and Pharmacology, Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, BP 509, Boutalamine 52000, Errachidia, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Eddouks
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Errachidia, Team of Endocrine Physiology and Pharmacology, Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, BP 509, Boutalamine 52000, Errachidia, Morocco
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Laborda P, Alcalde-Rico M, Chini A, Martínez JL, Hernando-Amado S. Discovery of inhibitors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence through the search for natural-like compounds with a dual role as inducers and substrates of efflux pumps. Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:7396-7411. [PMID: 33818002 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug efflux pumps are ancient elements encoded in every genome, from bacteria to humans. In bacteria, in addition to antibiotics, efflux pumps extrude a wide range of substrates, including quorum sensing signals, bacterial metabolites, or plant-produced compounds. This indicates that their original functions may differ from their recently acquired role in the extrusion of antibiotics during human infection. Concerning plant-produced compounds, some of them are substrates and inducers of the same efflux pump, suggesting a coordinated plant/bacteria coevolution. Herein we analyse the ability of 1243 compounds from a Natural Product-Like library to induce the expression of P. aeruginosa mexCD-oprJ or mexAB-oprM efflux pumps' encoding genes. We further characterized natural-like compounds that do not trigger antibiotic resistance in P. aeruginosa and that act as virulence inhibitors, choosing those that were not only inducers but substrates of the same efflux pump. Four compounds impair swarming motility, exotoxin secretion through the Type 3 Secretion System (T3SS) and the ability to kill Caenorhabditis elegans, which might be explained by the downregulation of genes encoding flagellum and T3SS. Our results emphasize the possibility of discovering new anti-virulence drugs by screening natural or natural-like libraries for compounds that behave as both, inducers and substrates of efflux pumps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Laborda
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Darwin 3, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Manuel Alcalde-Rico
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Darwin 3, Madrid, 28049, Spain.,Grupo de Resistencia Antimicrobiana en Bacterias Patógenas y Ambientales (GRABPA), Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus for Collaborative Research on Bacterial Resistance (MICROB-R), Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Andrea Chini
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Darwin 3, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - José L Martínez
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Darwin 3, Madrid, 28049, Spain
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Sayed SMA, Siems K, Schmitz-Linneweber C, Luyten W, Saul N. Enhanced Healthspan in Caenorhabditis elegans Treated With Extracts From the Traditional Chinese Medicine Plants Cuscuta chinensis Lam. and Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:604435. [PMID: 33633573 PMCID: PMC7901915 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.604435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To uncover potential anti-aging capacities of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans was used to investigate the effects of Eucommia ulmoides and Cuscuta chinensis extracts, selected by screening seven TCM extracts, on different healthspan parameters. Nematodes exposed to E. ulmoides and C. chinensis extracts, starting at the young adult stage, exhibited prolonged lifespan and increased survival after heat stress as well as upon exposure to the pathogenic bacterium Photorhabdus luminescens, whereby the survival benefits were monitored after stress initiation at different adult stages. However, only C. chinensis had the ability to enhance physical fitness: the swimming behavior and the pharyngeal pumping rate of C. elegans were improved at day 7 and especially at day 12 of adulthood. Finally, monitoring the red fluorescence of aged worms revealed that only C. chinensis extracts caused suppression of intestinal autofluorescence, a known marker of aging. The results underline the different modes of action of the tested plants extracts. E. ulmoides improved specifically the physiological fitness by increasing the survival probability of C. elegans after stress, while C. chinensis seems to be an overall healthspan enhancer, reflected in the suppressed autofluorescence, with beneficial effects on physical as well as physiological fitness. The C. chinensis effects may be hormetic: this is supported by increased gene expression of hsp-16.1 and by trend, also of hsp-12.6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa M. A. Sayed
- Molecular Genetics Group, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, New Valley University, El-Kharga, Egypt
| | | | - Christian Schmitz-Linneweber
- Molecular Genetics Group, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Nadine Saul
- Molecular Genetics Group, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Pandey S, Phulara SC, Mishra SK, Bajpai R, Kumar A, Niranjan A, Lehri A, Upreti DK, Chauhan PS. Betula utilis extract prolongs life expectancy, protects against amyloid-β toxicity and reduces Alpha Synuclien in Caenorhabditis elegans via DAF-16 and SKN-1. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 228:108647. [PMID: 31669661 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.108647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Betula utilis (BU), an important medicinal plant that grows in high altitudes of the Himalayan region, has been utilized traditionally due to it's antibacterial, hepatoprotective, and anti-tumor properties. Here, we demonstrated the longevity and amyloid-β toxicity attenuating activity of B. utilis ethanolic extract (BUE) in Caenorhabditis elegans. Lifespan of the worms was observed under both the standard laboratory and stress (oxidative and thermal) conditions. Effect of BUE was also observed on the attenuation of age-dependent physiological parameters. Further, gene-specific mutants and green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged strains were used to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the beneficial effects mediated by BUE supplementation. Our results showed that BUE (50 μg/ml) extended the mean lifespan of C. elegans by 35.99% and increased its survival under stress conditions. The BUE also reduced the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) by 22.47%. A delayed amyloid-β induced paralyses was observed in CL4176 transgenic worms. Interestingly, the BUE supplementation was also able to reduce the α-synuclein aggregation in NL5901 transgenic strain. Gene-specific mutant studies suggested that the BUE-mediated lifespan extension was dependent on daf-16, hsf-1, and skn-1 but not on sir-2.1 gene. Furthermore, transgenic reporter gene expression assay showed that BUE treatment enhanced the expression of stress-protective genes such as sod-3 and gst-4. Present findings suggested that ROS scavenging activity, together with multiple longevity mechanisms, were involved in BUE-mediated lifespan extension. Thus, BUE might have potential to increase the lifespan and to attenuate neuro-related disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapnil Pandey
- Microbial Technology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Suresh Chandra Phulara
- Department of Biotechnology, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Guntur 522502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Shashank Kumar Mishra
- Microbial Technology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Rajesh Bajpai
- Plant Diversity, Systematics and Herbarium, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Central Instrumentation Facility, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Abhishek Niranjan
- Central Instrumentation Facility, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Alok Lehri
- Central Instrumentation Facility, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Dalip Kumar Upreti
- Plant Diversity, Systematics and Herbarium, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Puneet Singh Chauhan
- Microbial Technology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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Screening and identification of a Penicillium brevicompactum strain isolated from the fruiting body of Inonotus obliquus and the fermentation production of mycophenolic acid. ANN MICROBIOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-019-01517-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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11
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Lee WT, Tan BK, Eng SA, Yuen GC, Chan KL, Sim YK, Sulaiman SF, Shu-Chien AC. Black sea cucumber (Holothuria atra Jaeger, 1833) rescues Pseudomonas aeruginosa-infected Caenorhabditis elegans via reduction of pathogen virulence factors and enhancement of host immunity. Food Funct 2019; 10:5759-5767. [PMID: 31453615 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01357a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A strategy to circumvent the problem of multidrug resistant pathogens is the discovery of anti-infectives targeting bacterial virulence or host immunity. Black sea cucumber (Holothuria atra) is a tropical sea cucumber species traditionally consumed as a remedy for many ailments. There is a paucity of knowledge on the anti-infective capacity of H. atra and the underlying mechanisms involved. The objective of this study is to utilize the Caenorhabditis elegans-P. aeruginosa infection model to elucidate the anti-infective properties of H. atra. A bioactive H. atra extract and subsequently its fraction were shown to have the capability of promoting the survival of C. elegans during a customarily lethal P. aeruginosa infection. The same entities also attenuate the production of elastase, protease, pyocyanin and biofilm in P. aeruginosa. The treatment of infected transgenic lys-7::GFP worms with this H. atra fraction restores the repressed expression of the defense enzyme lys-7, indicating an improved host immunity. QTOF-LCMS analysis revealed the presence of aspidospermatidine, an indole alkaloid, and inosine in this fraction. Collectively, our findings show that H. atra possesses anti-infective properties against P. aeruginosa infection, by inhibiting pathogen virulence and, eventually, reinstating host lys-7 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Ting Lee
- Malaysian Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals (IPHARM), National Institute of Biotechnology Malaysia, Ministry of Energy, Science, Technology, Environment and Climate Change, Bukit Gambir, Malaysia
| | - Boon-Khai Tan
- Malaysian Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals (IPHARM), National Institute of Biotechnology Malaysia, Ministry of Energy, Science, Technology, Environment and Climate Change, Bukit Gambir, Malaysia
| | - Su-Anne Eng
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Gan Chee Yuen
- Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Kit Lam Chan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Yee Kwang Sim
- Center for Marine and Coastal Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Shaida Fariza Sulaiman
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia. and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Alexander Chong Shu-Chien
- Malaysian Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals (IPHARM), National Institute of Biotechnology Malaysia, Ministry of Energy, Science, Technology, Environment and Climate Change, Bukit Gambir, Malaysia and School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia. and Centre for Chemical Biology, Sains@USM, Blok B No. 10, Persiaran Bukit Jambul, 11900 Bayan Lepas, Penang, Malaysia
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Zhang Y, Mi DY, Wang J, Luo YP, Yang X, Dong S, Ma XM, Dong KZ. Constituent and effects of polysaccharides isolated from Sophora moorcroftiana seeds on lifespan, reproduction, stress resistance, and antimicrobial capacity in Caenorhabditis elegans. Chin J Nat Med 2018; 16:252-260. [PMID: 29703325 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(18)30055-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Sophora moorcroftiana (S. moorcroftiana) is an endemic leguminous dwarf shrub in Tibet, China. Decoctions of the seeds have been used in Chinese folk medicine for dephlogistication, detoxication, and infectious diseases. The present study aimed to investigate the constituent and biological effects of polysaccharides from S. moorcroftiana seeds in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). Polysaccharides from S. moorcroftiana seeds (SMpol) were extracted with 60% ethanol and constituent was analyzed by GC-MS. SMpol was composed of glucose, galactose and inositol in the molar ratio of 35.7 : 1.3 : 17.0. Synchronized worms were treated with SMpol and then lifespan, motility, reproduction, stress resistance and antimicrobial activity were examined. Compared with the control group, the lifespan was increased to the average of 27.3 days and the number of laying eggs showed a 1.3-fold increase in nematodes treated with SMpol (4 mg·mL-1). In SMpol (4 mg·mL-1) treated worms, there was a 1.1-fold increase in 24-h survival of acute heat stress and a 1.6-fold increase in 2-h survival of oxidative stress The colonization of the bacteria in the SMpol treated nematode was significantly lower than that of the untreated group by 68.3%. In vivo studies showed SMpol significantly extended the life span, improved reproduction, increased stress resistance and antimicrobial capacity of C. elegans. In conclusion, those results indicated that the polysaccharides from S. moorcroftiana seeds were involved in a variety of biological activities leading to its modulatory effects on C. elegans which may be developed as a natural supplement agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Dan-Yang Mi
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yan-Ping Luo
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Shi Dong
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xing-Ming Ma
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Lab of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Kai-Zhong Dong
- Department of Microbiology, Medical College, Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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Fatin SN, Boon-Khai T, Shu-Chien AC, Khairuddean M, Al-Ashraf Abdullah A. A Marine Actinomycete Rescues Caenorhabditis elegans from Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection through Restitution of Lysozyme 7. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2267. [PMID: 29201023 PMCID: PMC5696594 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to conventional antimicrobial treatment is a major scourge in healthcare. Therefore, it is crucial that novel potent anti-infectives are discovered. The aim of the present study is to screen marine actinomycetes for chemical entities capable of overcoming P. aeruginosa infection through mechanisms involving anti-virulence or host immunity activities. A total of 18 actinomycetes isolates were sampled from marine sediment of Songsong Island, Kedah, Malaysia. Upon confirming that the methanolic crude extract of these isolates do not display direct bactericidal activities, they were tested for capacity to rescue Caenorhabditis elegans infected with P. aeruginosa strain PA14. A hexane partition of the extract from one isolate, designated as Streptomyces sp. CCB-PSK207, could promote the survival of PA14 infected worms by more than 60%. Partial 16S sequence analysis on this isolate showed identity of 99.79% with Streptomyces sundarbansensis. This partition did not impair feeding behavior of C. elegans worms. Tested on PA14, the partition also did not affect bacterial growth or its ability to colonize host gut. The production of biofilm, protease, and pyocyanin in PA14 were uninterrupted, although there was an increase in elastase production. In lys-7::GFP worms, this partition was shown to induce the expression of lysozyme 7, an important innate immunity defense molecule that was repressed during PA14 infection. GC-MS analysis of the bioactive fraction of Streptomyces sp. CCB-PSK207 revealed the presence of methyl esters of branched saturated fatty acids. In conclusion, this is the first report of a marine actinomycete producing metabolites capable of rescuing C. elegans from PA14 through a lys-7 mediated activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti N. Fatin
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bayan Lepas, Malaysia
| | - Tan Boon-Khai
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bayan Lepas, Malaysia
| | - Alexander Chong Shu-Chien
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bayan Lepas, Malaysia
- Malaysian Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals (IPHARM), National Institute of Biotechnology Malaysia, Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Bukit Gambir, Malaysia
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Malaysia
| | - Melati Khairuddean
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Malaysia
| | - Amirul Al-Ashraf Abdullah
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bayan Lepas, Malaysia
- Malaysian Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals (IPHARM), National Institute of Biotechnology Malaysia, Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Bukit Gambir, Malaysia
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Malaysia
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Kong C, Eng SA, Lim MP, Nathan S. Beyond Traditional Antimicrobials: A Caenorhabditis elegans Model for Discovery of Novel Anti-infectives. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1956. [PMID: 27994583 PMCID: PMC5133244 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The spread of antibiotic resistance amongst bacterial pathogens has led to an urgent need for new antimicrobial compounds with novel modes of action that minimize the potential for drug resistance. To date, the development of new antimicrobial drugs is still lagging far behind the rising demand, partly owing to the absence of an effective screening platform. Over the last decade, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has been incorporated as a whole animal screening platform for antimicrobials. This development is taking advantage of the vast knowledge on worm physiology and how it interacts with bacterial and fungal pathogens. In addition to allowing for in vivo selection of compounds with promising anti-microbial properties, the whole animal C. elegans screening system has also permitted the discovery of novel compounds targeting infection processes that only manifest during the course of pathogen infection of the host. Another advantage of using C. elegans in the search for new antimicrobials is that the worm itself is a source of potential antimicrobial effectors which constitute part of its immune defense response to thwart infections. This has led to the evaluation of effector molecules, particularly antimicrobial proteins and peptides (APPs), as candidates for further development as therapeutic agents. In this review, we provide an overview on use of the C. elegans model for identification of novel anti-infectives. We highlight some highly potential lead compounds obtained from C. elegans-based screens, particularly those that target bacterial virulence or host defense to eradicate infections, a mechanism distinct from the action of conventional antibiotics. We also review the prospect of using C. elegans APPs as an antimicrobial strategy to treat infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cin Kong
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Su-Anne Eng
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Mei-Perng Lim
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Sheila Nathan
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Bangi, Malaysia
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Potent PPARγ Ligands from Swietenia macrophylla Are Capable of Stimulating Glucose Uptake in Muscle Cells. Molecules 2015; 20:22301-14. [PMID: 26703529 PMCID: PMC6332226 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201219847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous documented ethnopharmacological properties have been associated with Swietenia macrophylla (Meliaceae), with its seed extract reported to display anti-hypoglycemic activities in diabetic rats. In the present study, three compounds isolated from the seeds of S. macrophylla were tested on a modified ELISA binding assay and showed to possess PPARγ ligand activity. They were corresponded to PPARγ-mediated cellular response, stimulated adipocyte differentiation but produced lower amount of fat droplets compared to a conventional anti-diabetic agent, rosiglitazone. The up-regulation of adipocytes was followed by increased adipocyte-related gene expressions such as adiponectin, adipsin, and PPARγ. The S. macrophylla compounds also promoted cellular glucose uptake via the translocation of GLUT4 glucose transporter.
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Balijepalli MK, Suppaiah V, Chin AM, Buru AS, Sagineedu SR, Pichika MR. Acute oral toxicity studies of Swietenia macrophylla seeds in Sprague Dawley rats. Pharmacognosy Res 2015; 7:38-44. [PMID: 25598633 PMCID: PMC4285647 DOI: 10.4103/0974-8490.147197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Swietenia macrophylla King. (Meliaceae) seeds (SMS); commonly known as sky fruit and locally known in Malaysia as Tunjuk Langit; have been used in traditional Malay medicine for the treatment of diabetes and hypertension. The people eat only a tiny amount of raw seed, weighing not more than 5 mg. AIM To evaluate the safety of Swietenia macrophylla seeds (SMS) at a single-dose oral administration of 2 g/kg body weight (bw) in sprague dawley (SD) rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eight-week old male and female SD rats were administered a single-oral dose of 2g/kg bw. The rats' general behavior, and toxic signs were observed throughout the 14-day study period. The food and water intake by rats and their body weight were monitored during the study period. At the end of the study period, the relative weights of the organs (lung, liver, spleen, heart, kidney, testis, stomach); the hematological and biochemical parameters were measured; the architecture and histology of the organs (liver, kidney and lungs) were observed. RESULTS Oral administration of SMS to rats did not affect, either food or water intake; relative organ weight of vital organs; the hematological and biochemical parameters; did not show significant changes in the architecture and histology of vital organs. Overall, there were neither signs of toxicity nor deaths recorded during the study period. CONCLUSION The rat dose of 2 g/kg bw is equivalent to the human dose of 325 mg/kg bw, which is well below the usual amount consumed by people, did not show any signs of toxicity in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Katyayani Balijepalli
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, MAHSA University, Jalan University Campus, JalanElmu, Off Jalan University, 59100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Velan Suppaiah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, 126, JalanJalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - An-Me Chin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, 126, JalanJalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ayuba Sunday Buru
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, 126, JalanJalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sreenivasa Rao Sagineedu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, 126, JalanJalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mallikarjuna Rao Pichika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, 126, JalanJalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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17
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Selenite enhances immune response against Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14 via SKN-1 in Caenorhabditis elegans. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105810. [PMID: 25147937 PMCID: PMC4141825 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Selenium (Se) is an important nutrient that carries out many biological processes including maintaining optimal immune function. Here, inorganic selenite (Se(IV)) was evaluated for its pathogen resistance and potential-associated factors in Caenorhabditis elegans. The immune effects of Se(IV) were investigated by examining the responses of C. elegans to Pseudomonas aerugonisa PA14 strain. Principal Findings Se(IV)-treated C. elegans showed increased survival under PA14 infection compared with untreated controls. The significant pathogen resistance of Se(IV) on C. elegans might not be attributed to the effects of Se(IV) on PA14 as Se(IV) showed no effect on bacterial quorum-sensing and virulence factors of PA14. This study showed that Se(IV) enhanced the expression of a gene pivotal for the innate immunity in C. elegans. The study found that the pathogen-resistant phenotypes contributed by Se(IV) was absent from the skn-1 mutant worms. Moreover, Se(IV) influenced the subcellular distribution of SKN-1/Nrf in C. elegans upon PA14 infection. Furthermore, Se(IV) increased mRNA levels of SKN-1 target genes (gst-4 and gcs-1). Conclusions This study found evidence of Se(IV) protecting C. elegans against P. aeruginosa PA14 infection by exerting effects on the innate immunity of C. elegans that is likely mediated via regulation of a SKN-1-dependent signaling pathway.
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Kong C, Tan MW, Nathan S. Orthosiphon stamineus protects Caenorhabditis elegans against Staphylococcus aureus infection through immunomodulation. Biol Open 2014; 3:644-55. [PMID: 24972867 PMCID: PMC4154301 DOI: 10.1242/bio.20148334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Amidst growing concerns over the spread of antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains, the identification of alternative therapeutic molecules has become paramount. Previously, we utilized a Caenorhabditis elegans–S. aureus screening platform to identify potential anti-infective agents from a collection of natural extracts and synthetic compounds. One of the hits obtained from the screen was the aqueous extract of Orthosiphon stamineus leaves (UE-12) that enhanced the survival of infected nematodes without interfering with bacterial growth. In this study, we used a fluorescent transgenic reporter strain and observed that the repressed expression of the lys-7 defense gene in infected nematodes was restored in the presence of UE-12. Analysis of a selected panel of PMK-1 and DAF-16-regulated transcripts and loss-of-function mutants in these pathways indicates that the protective role of UE-12 is mediated via the p38 MAP kinase and insulin-like signaling pathways. Further analysis of a panel of known bioactive compounds of UE-12 proposed eupatorin (C18H16O7) as the possible candidate active molecule contributing to the anti-infective property of UE-12. Taken together, these findings strongly suggest that the O. stamineus leaf extract is a promising anti-infective agent that confers an advantage in survival against S. aureus infection by modulating the immune response of the infected host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cin Kong
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Man-Wah Tan
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5120, USA Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5124, USA Present address: Department of Infectious Disease, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Sheila Nathan
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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Qiao Y, Zhao Y, Wu Q, Sun L, Ruan Q, Chen Y, Wang M, Duan J, Wang D. Full toxicity assessment of Genkwa Flos and the underlying mechanism in nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91825. [PMID: 24626436 PMCID: PMC3953530 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Genkwa Flos (GF), the dried flower bud from Daphne genkwa Sieb. et Zucc. (Thymelaeaceae), is a well-known and widely used traditional Chinese medicine. However, we know little about the in vivo mechanism of GF toxicity. Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has been considered as a useful toxicity assay system by offering a system best suited for asking the in vivo questions. In the present study, we employed the prolonged exposure assay system of C. elegans to perform the full in vivo toxicity assessment of raw-processed GF. Our data show that GF exposure could induce the toxicity on lifespan, development, reproduction, and locomotion behavior. GF exposure not only decreased body length but also induced the formation of abnormal vulva. The decrease in brood size in GF exposed nematodes appeared mainly at day-1 during the development of adult nematodes. The decrease of locomotion behavior in GF exposed nematodes might be due to the damage on development of D-type GABAergic motor neurons. Moreover, we observed the induction of intestinal reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and alteration of expression patterns of genes required for development of apical domain, microvilli, and apical junction of intestine in GF exposed nematodes, implying the possible dysfunction of the primary targeted organ. In addition, GF exposure induced increase in defecation cycle length and deficits in development of AVL and DVB neurons controlling the defecation behavior. Therefore, our study implies the usefulness of C. elegans assay system for toxicity assessment from a certain Chinese medicine or plant extract. The observed toxicity of GF might be the combinational effects of oxidative stress, dysfunction of intestine, and altered defecation behavior in nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease in Ministry of Education, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunli Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease in Ministry of Education, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiuli Wu
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease in Ministry of Education, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingmei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease in Ministry of Education, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qinli Ruan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanyan Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinao Duan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Dayong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease in Ministry of Education, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Discovery of potential anti-infectives against Staphylococcus aureus using a Caenorhabditis elegans infection model. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 14:4. [PMID: 24393217 PMCID: PMC3893568 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background The limited antibiotic options for effective control of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections has led to calls for new therapeutic approaches to combat this human pathogen. An alternative approach to control MRSA is through the use of anti-infective agents that selectively disrupt virulence-mediated pathways without affecting microbial cell viability or by modulating the host natural immune defenses to combat the pathogen. Methods We established a C. elegans – S. aureus liquid-based assay to screen for potential anti-infectives against S. aureus. The assay was utilized to screen 37 natural extracts and 29 synthetic compounds for the ability to extend the lifespan of infected nematodes. Disc diffusion and MIC microdilution tests were used to evaluate the anti-microbial properties of these natural extracts and synthetic compounds whilst in vivo bacterial CFU within the C. elegans gut were also enumerated. Results We screened a total of 37 natural extracts and 29 synthetic compounds for anti-infective properties. The screen successfully revealed 14 natural extracts from six plants (Nypa fruticans, Swietenia macrophylla, Curcuma longa, Eurycoma longifolia, Orthosiphon stamineus and Silybum eburneum) and one marine sample (Faunus ater) that improved the survival of S. aureus-infected worms by at least 2.8-fold as well as 14 synthetic compounds that prolonged the survival of S. aureus-infected nematodes by 4-fold or greater. An anti-microbial screen of all positive hits demonstrated that 8/28 hits had no effect on S. aureus growth. Of these 8 candidates, 5 of them also protected the worms from MRSA infection. We also noted that worms exposed to N. fruticans root and O. stamineus leaf extracts showed reduced intestinal colonization by live S. aureus. This suggests that these extracts could possibly activate host immunity to eliminate the bacteria or interfere with factor/s that prevents pathogen accumulation. Conclusion We have successfully demonstrated the utility of this liquid-based screen to identify anti-infective substances that prolong S. aureus-infected host survival without affecting bacterial cell viability.
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Chusri S, Jittanon W, Maneenoon K, Voravuthikunchai SP. An Effective Antibiofilm Agent Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm from Traditional Thai Herbal Recipes Used for Wound Treatments. Microb Drug Resist 2013; 19:337-43. [DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2012.0252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sasitorn Chusri
- Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
- Natural Products Research Centre of Excellence, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Wittaya Jittanon
- Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Katesarin Maneenoon
- Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Supayang Piyawan Voravuthikunchai
- Natural Products Research Centre of Excellence, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
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Arvanitis M, Glavis-Bloom J, Mylonakis E. C. elegans for anti-infective discovery. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2013; 13:769-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2013.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Moghadamtousi SZ, Goh BH, Chan CK, Shabab T, Kadir HA. Biological activities and phytochemicals of Swietenia macrophylla King. Molecules 2013; 18:10465-83. [PMID: 23999722 PMCID: PMC6270564 DOI: 10.3390/molecules180910465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Swietenia macrophylla King (Meliaceae) is an endangered and medicinally important plant indigenous to tropical and subtropical regions of the World. S. macrophylla has been widely used in folk medicine to treat various diseases. The review reveals that limonoids and its derivatives are the major constituents of S. macrophylla. There are several data in the literature indicating a great variety of pharmacological activities of S. macrophylla, which exhibits antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant effects, antimutagenic, anticancer, antitumor and antidiabetic activities. Various other activities like anti-nociceptive, hypolipidemic, antidiarrhoeal, anti-infective, antiviral, antimalarial, acaricidal, antifeedant and heavy metal phytoremediation activity have also been reported. In view of the immense medicinal importance of S. macrophylla, this review aimed at compiling all currently available information on its ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry and biological activities of S. macrophylla, showing its importance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Habsah Abdul Kadir
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +603-796-743-63; Fax: +603-796-741-78
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