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Mahboubifar M, Zidorn C, Farag MA, Zayed A, Jassbi AR. Chemometric-based drug discovery approaches from natural origins using hyphenated chromatographic techniques. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2024; 35:990-1016. [PMID: 38806406 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Isolation and characterization of bioactive components from complex matrices of marine or terrestrial biological origins are the most challenging issues for natural product chemists. Biochemometric is a new potential scope in natural product analytical science, and it is a methodology to find the compound's correlation to their bioactivity with the help of hyphenated chromatographic techniques and chemometric tools. OBJECTIVES The present review aims to evaluate the application of chemometric tools coupled to chromatographic techniques for drug discovery from natural resources. METHODS The searching keywords "biochemometric," "chemometric," "chromatography," "natural products bioassay," and "bioassay" were selected to search the published articles between 2010-2023 using different search engines including "Pubmed", "Web of Science," "ScienceDirect," and "Google scholar." RESULTS An initial stage in natural product analysis is applying the chromatographic hyphenated techniques in conjunction with biochemometric approaches. Among the applied chromatographic techniques, liquid chromatography (LC) techniques, have taken up more than half (53%) and also, mass spectroscopy (MS)-based chromatographic techniques such as LC-MS are the most widely used techniques applied in combination with chemometric methods for natural products bioassay. Considering the complexity of dataset achieved from chromatographic hyphenated techniques, chemometric tools have been increasingly employed for phytochemical studies in the context of determining botanicals geographical origin, quality control, and detection of bioactive compounds. CONCLUSION Biochemometric application is expected to be further improved with advancing in data acquisition methods, new efficient preprocessing, model validation and variable selection methods which would guarantee that the applied model to have good prediction ability in compound relation to its bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Mahboubifar
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Christian Zidorn
- Pharmazeutisches Institut, Abteilung Pharmazeutische Biologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Zayed
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Amir Reza Jassbi
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Pharmazeutisches Institut, Abteilung Pharmazeutische Biologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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Wang K, Wu K, Li N. Insect tea originated from ethnic minority regions in Southwest China: A review on the types, traditional uses, nutrients, chemistry and pharmacological activities. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 309:116340. [PMID: 36871677 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Insect tea is a special non-Camellia tea produced from the feces of insects in ethnic minority regions in Southwest China. Insect tea was recorded to have the traditional functions to treat summer heat, dampness, digestive disturbance, excessive phlegm, shortness of breath and otitis, etc. AIM OF THIS STUDY: This review provides an updated and comprehensive review of insect tea on the tea types, host plants, tea-producing insects, producing process, traditional uses, nutritional values, chemistry, pharmacological activities, biological safety and toxicity. Moreover, the general challenges and the possible suggestions on insect tea in future were also discussed. MATERIALS AND METHODS The relevant literature on insect tea was obtained from scientific database, including Elsevier, PubMed, Springer, Wiley, Web of Science, Google Scholar, SciFinder, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Baidu Scholar, Wanfang Database, etc. In addition, pertinent information available in Ph.D theses, MSc. dissertations, books, records, and some classical Chinese herbal literature were also included. The references cited in this review were up to September 2022. RESULTS Insect tea has been traditionally used as popular beverage with various medicinal functions in the ethnic minority regions in Southwest China for centuries. At present, ten types of insect teas are recorded in different regions. Ten species tea-producing insect and fifteen species host plants are used to in the production of the tea. Insect teas were rich in various nutrients including proteins, carbohydrates, fat, minerals, dietary fiber and Vitamins. A total of 71 compounds have been isolated from insect teas, mainly including flavonoids, ellagitannins, chlorogenic acids and other phenolic compounds as well as the alkaloids. Modern studies demonstrated that insect tea had a variety of pharmacological activities in vitro and in vivo, such as anti-diabetic, lipid-lowing and anti-hypertensive, hepato-protective, gastro-intestinal promoting, anti-cancer, anti-mutagenic, antioxidant, and anti-aging activity, etc. Moreover, existing experimental results showed that insect teas are non-toxicity and biological safety. CONCLUSION Insect tea is a unique and niche product originated in the ethnic minority regions of Southwest China with various health-promoting benefits. Phenolics including flavonoids, ellagitannins, chlorogenic acids were reported as the main chemical constituents identified from insect tea. Multiple pharmacological activities of insect tea have been reported, which indicated that it had great potential for further development and application as drugs and health-promoting products. However, more studies on the tea-producing insects, host plants, chemistry and pharmacological activity of insect tea, as well as the toxicology should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaijin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, PR China.
| | - Kefan Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, PR China
| | - Ning Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, PR China.
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Oral Wound Healing Potential of Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizoma et Radix Decoction—In Vitro Study. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/ph16020267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizoma et Radix (syn. rhizomes of Reynoutria japonica Houtt.) is a pharmacopoeial raw material in Europe and China. In traditional medicine, one of the applications for Reynoutria japonica rhizomes is wound healing. In a recent in vitro study, we demonstrated that ethanol and acetone extracts from this herbal drug have the potential to heal oral gum wounds. However, considering that a majority of herbal medicines have been traditionally administered as water decoctions, in the present study, a decoction of Reynoutria japonica rhizomes was prepared and detailed tests to determine its in vitro gingival wound healing activity were conducted. We used the primary human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) incubated with a decoction to determine cell viability (MTT assay), cell proliferation (the confocal laser scanning microscope—CLSM), and cell migration (wound healing assay). Moreover, the collagen type III expression was examined using immunocytochemical staining. The studied decoction was qualitatively and quantitatively characterized using the validated HPLC/DAD/ESI-HR-QTOF-MS method. The Folin–Ciocalteu assay was used to determine the total phenols and tannins content. Additionally, HPLC-RI analysis of decoction and the previously obtained ethanol and acetone extracts was used to determine the composition of saccharides. Low concentration (from 50 to 1000 µg/mL) of decoction after 24 h incubation caused a significant increase in HGF cell viability. No cytotoxic effect was observed at any tested concentration (up to 2000 µg/mL). The lowest active concentration of decoction (50 µg/mL) was selected for further experiments. It significantly stimulated human gingival fibroblasts to proliferate, migrate, and increase the synthesis of collagen III. Phytochemical analysis showed significantly fewer polyphenols in the decoction than in the ethanol and acetone extracts tested earlier. In contrast, high levels of polysaccharides were observed. In our opinion, they may have a significant effect on the oral wound healing parameters analyzed in vitro. The results obtained encourage the use of this raw material in its traditional, safe form—decoction.
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Kamaraj C, Karthi S, Reegan AD, Balasubramani G, Ramkumar G, Kalaivani K, Zahir AA, Deepak P, Senthil-Nathan S, Rahman MM, Md Towfiqul Islam AR, Malafaia G. Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles using Gracilaria crassa leaf extract and their ecotoxicological potential: Issues to be considered. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 213:113711. [PMID: 35728640 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The use of vegetal species for gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) biosynthesis can constitute an alternative to replacing the extensive use of several hazardous chemicals commonly used during NPs synthesis and, therefore, can reduce biological impacts induced by the release of these products into the natural environment. However, the "green nanoparticles" and/or "eco-friendly nanoparticles" label does not ensure that biosynthesized NPs are harmless to non-target organisms. Thus, we aimed to synthesize AuNPs from seaweed Gracilaria crassa aqueous extract through an eco-friendly, fast, one-pot synthetic route. The formation of spherical, stable, polycrystalline NPs with a diameter of 32.0 nm ± 4.0 nm (mean ±SEM) was demonstrated by UV-vis spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray and X-ray diffraction measurement, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. In addition, different phytocomponents were identified in the biosynthesized AuNPs, using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). However, both G. crassa aqueous extract and the biosynthesized AuNPs showed high ecotoxicity in Anopheles stephensi larvae exposed to different concentrations. Therefore, our study supports the potential of seaweed G. crassa as a raw material source for AuNPs biosynthesis while also shedding light on its ecotoxicological potential, which necessitates consideration of its risk to aquatic biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinnaperumal Kamaraj
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine (IIISM), Directorate of Research and Virtual Education, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRMIST), Kattankulathur, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Sengodan Karthi
- Division of Biopesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi, 627 412, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Appadurai Daniel Reegan
- National Center for Disease Control, Bengaluru Branch, No:08, NTI Campus, Bellary Road, Bengaluru, 560 003, Karnataka, India.
| | - Govindasamy Balasubramani
- Division of Research & Innovation, Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai, 602105, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Govindaraju Ramkumar
- Division of Biopesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi, 627 412, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Kandaswamy Kalaivani
- Post Graduate and Research Centre, Department of Zoology, Sri Parasakthi College for Women, Courtrallam, 627 802, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - A Abduz Zahir
- Unit of Nanotechnology and Bioactive Natural Products, Post Graduate and Research Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College (Autonomous), Melvisharam, 632 509, Vellore District, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Paramasivam Deepak
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. N.G.P. Arts and Science College, Dr.N.G.P. - Kalapatti Road, Coimbatore, 641048, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Sengottayan Senthil-Nathan
- Division of Biopesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi, 627 412, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Md Mostafizur Rahman
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh; Laboratory of Environmental Health and Ecotoxicology, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
| | | | - Guilherme Malafaia
- Post-Graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí, GO, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Ecology, Conservation, and Biodiversity, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil; Post-Graduation Programa in Biotechnology and Biodiversity, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
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Tian W, Yang J, Dou J, Li X, Dai X, Wang X, Sun Y, Li Z. Interbatch quality control of the extract from Artemisia frigida Willd. by spectrum-effect relationship between HPLC fingerprints and the total antioxidant capacity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2022.2052086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, HB, China
| | - Juan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research of CAAS, Beijing, HB, China
| | - Jiahong Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, HB, China
| | - Xiumei Li
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research of CAAS, Beijing, HB, China
| | - Xiaofeng Dai
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research of CAAS, Beijing, HB, China
| | - Xiumin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research of CAAS, Beijing, HB, China
| | - Yahong Sun
- Hulunbuir Science and Technology Bureau, Hulunbeier, MH, China
| | - Zhongyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, HB, China
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Shi HJ, Chen XY, Chen XR, Wu ZB, Li JY, Sun YQ, Shi DX, Li J. Chinese Medicine Formula Siwu-Yin Inhibits Esophageal Precancerous Lesions by Improving Intestinal Flora and Macrophage Polarization. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:812386. [PMID: 35308250 PMCID: PMC8927885 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.812386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Siwu-Yin (SWY), a traditional Chinese medicinal formula, can replenish blood and nourish Yin. It was recorded in ancient Chinese medicine books in treating esophageal dysphagia, which has similar symptoms and prognosis with esophageal precancerous lesions and esophageal cancer. However, its effect has not been established in vivo. This study explores the antiesophageal cancer effect of SWY on rats with esophageal precancerous lesions. By performing 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolomics, it was suggested that SWY may improve the composition of intestinal flora of rats by regulating the synthesis and secretion of bile acids. In addition, flow cytometry results showed that SWY treatment modified tumor microenvironment by improving macrophage polarization and therefore inhibiting the occurrence of esophageal precancerous lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Juan Shi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Cancer Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xuan-Yu Chen
- Institute for Biotechnology, St. John’s University, Queens, NY, United States
| | - Xin-Ran Chen
- Pharmacy Department, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Cancer Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhong-Bing Wu
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jian-Yong Li
- Hebei Ping An Health Group Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ya-Qin Sun
- Health Food Research Office, Shijiazhuang Yiling Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Dong-Xuan Shi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Cancer Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Cancer Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Li,
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Preparation and evaluation of magnetic graphene oxide molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs-GO-Fe3O4@SiO2) for the analysis and separation of tripterine. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2021.105055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Sun P, Liu X, Pan Q, Zhang X, He S. Comparison of Chinese licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis) granules and water extracts and investigation of their antibacterial activities for veterinary application. Eur J Integr Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2020.101115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Wang J, Sun Y, Li Z, Li W, Pang Y, Li J, Wu Q. Discrimination of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge from Different Geographical Locations Employing High-Performance Liquid Chromatography, Near-Infrared Fingerprinting Combined with Chemometrics. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2020; 2020:8367619. [PMID: 32104609 PMCID: PMC7035550 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8367619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the quality of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC/UV-PAD), near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, and chemometrics were used to discriminate nine components of samples from four different geographical locations. HPLC was performed with a C18 (5 μm, 4.6 mm × 250 mm) column and 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution-acetonitrile with a gradient elution system. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis was used to identify the amounts of salvianolic acid B. NIR was used to distinguish rapidly S. miltiorrhiza Bunge samples from different geographical locations. In this assay, discriminant analysis was performed, and the accuracy was found to be 100%. The combination of these two methods can be used to quickly and accurately identify S. miltiorrhiza Bunge from different geographical locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Wang
- Guizhou Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, 116 Baoshan North Rd, Guiyang 550001, Guizhou, China
| | - Yichun Sun
- Tong Ji Tang (Guizhou) Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Guiyang, Guizhou 550018, China
| | - Zhan Li
- Tong Ji Tang (Guizhou) Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Guiyang, Guizhou 550018, China
| | - Wei Li
- Guiyang University of Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550018, China
| | - Yuanyuan Pang
- Tong Ji Tang (Guizhou) Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Guiyang, Guizhou 550018, China
| | - Jiayu Li
- Guizhou Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, 116 Baoshan North Rd, Guiyang 550001, Guizhou, China
| | - Qing Wu
- Guizhou Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, 116 Baoshan North Rd, Guiyang 550001, Guizhou, China
- Guiyang No. 3 Experimental High School, Guiyang, Guizhou 550018, China
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The Chinese Herbal Formula PAPZ Ameliorates Behavioral Abnormalities in Depressive Mice. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11040859. [PMID: 30995790 PMCID: PMC6521158 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a chronic mental disorder characterized by mixed symptoms and complex pathogenesis. With long history of practical application, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) offers many herbs for the treatment and rehabilitation of chronic disease. In this study, we developed a modified Chinese herbal formula using Panax ginseng, Angelica Sinensis, Polygala tenuifolia Willd, and Ziziphi spinosae Semen (PAPZ), based on an ancient TCM prescription. The antidepressant effects of PAPZ were investigated with a corticosterone (CORT) model of depression in mice. Our results showed that administration of PAPZ ameliorated depression-like phenotypes in the CORT model. An anatomic study showed that chronic PAPZ administration upregulated the protein expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in hippocampal tissue. The enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase was enhanced in hippocampal tissue, in line with a decreased malondialdehyde level. Taken together, these findings suggested that PAPZ has therapeutic effects in a mice depression model through increasing protein expression of BDNF and improving the anti-oxidation ability of the brain.
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Bapela MJ, Heyman H, Senejoux F, Meyer JJM. 1H NMR-based metabolomics of antimalarial plant species traditionally used by Vha-Venda people in Limpopo Province, South Africa and isolation of antiplasmodial compounds. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 228:148-155. [PMID: 30048730 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The Vha-Venda people living in rural areas of Limpopo Province of South Africa regularly use traditional plant-based medicines to treat malaria. In our earlier publication, twenty indigenous plant species used to treat malaria or its symptoms by Vha-Venda people were evaluated for antiplasmodial activity. The main objective of the current study was to assess the robustness of NMR-based metabolomics in discriminating classes of secondary compounds that are responsible for the observed antimalarial activity and the isolation of antiplasmodial compounds. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty dichloromethane extracts were reconstituted in CDCl3, subjected to 1H NMR-based metabolomic analysis on a Varian 600 MHz spectrometer and the acquired 1H NMR spectra were then evaluated collectively using multivariate data analysis (MDA). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Orthogonal Projections to Latent Structures-Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA) were used to 'globally' discern antiplasmodial profiles. A contribution plot was then generated from the OPLS-DA scoring plot in an attempt to determine the classes of compounds that are responsible for the observed grouping. Further phytochemical analyses were conducted on the lipophilic extracts of Tabernaemontana elegans and Vangueria infausta subsp. infausta. These best candidates were fractionated, purified and their isolated compounds identified based on conventional chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques. RESULTS The PCA did not separate the acquired profiles according to the detected antiplasmodial bioactivity. Application of a supervised OPLS-DA on the 1H NMR profiles resulted in a discrimination pattern that could be correlated to the observed antimalarial bioactivity. A contribution plot generated from the OPLS-DA scoring plot illustrated the classes of compounds responsible for the observed grouping. Prominent peaks were observed in the aromatic, sugar-based/N-containing and aliphatic spectral regions of the contribution plot. Two known indole alkaloids were isolated from T. elegans, and identified as tabernaemontanine (IC50 = 12.0 ± 0.8 µM) and dregamine (IC50 = 62.0 ± 2.4 µM). Friedelin (IC50 = 7.20 ± 0.5 µM) and morindolide (IC50 = 107.1 ± 0.6 µM) were isolated from V. infausta subsp. infausta. This is the first report of the rare iridoid lactone, morindolide's antimalarial activity. While these two compounds have been previously identified, this is the first account of their occurrence in the genus Vangueria. CONCLUSION The study illustrated the potential of NMR-based metabolomics in discriminating classes of compounds that may be attributed to antiplasmodial activity. Additionally, the study demonstrated the potential of discovering novel antiplasmodial scaffolds from medicinal plants and the rationale for the bioprospecting antimalarial plant species used by Vha-Venda people.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Johanna Bapela
- University of Pretoria, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa; University of Pretoria Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control and MRC Collaborating Centre for Malaria Research, South Africa.
| | - Heino Heyman
- University of Pretoria, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa; Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, 99352, USA
| | - Francois Senejoux
- University of Pretoria, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa; Clermont-Ferrand, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Auvergne, France
| | - J J Marion Meyer
- University of Pretoria, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
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Mo ZZ, Lin ZX, Su ZR, Zheng L, Li HL, Xie JH, Xian YF, Yi TG, Huang SQ, Chen JP. Angelica sinensis Supercritical Fluid CO 2 Extract Attenuates D-Galactose-Induced Liver and Kidney Impairment in Mice by Suppressing Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. J Med Food 2018; 21:887-898. [PMID: 30109956 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2017.4061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Angelica sinensis (AS, Danggui in Chinese) is an important herbal component of various traditional formulae for the management of asthenia and its tonic effects. Although AS has been shown to ameliorate cognitive damage and nerve toxicity in D-galactose (D-gal)-elicited senescent mice brain, its effects on liver and kidney injury have not yet been explored. In this work, mice were subjected to hypodermic injection with D-gal (200 mg/kg) and orally gavaged with AS (20, 40, or 80 mg/kg) once a day for 8 successive weeks. Results revealed that AS significantly improved liver and kidney function as assessed by organ index and functional parameters. In addition, AS pretreatment effectively ameliorated the histological deterioration. AS attenuated the MDA level and markedly enhanced the activities and gene expressions of antioxidative enzymes, namely Cu, Zn-SOD, CAT, and GPx. Furthermore, AS markedly inhibited the D-gal-mediated increment of expressions of inflammatory cytokines iNOS, COX-2, IκBα, p-IκBα, and p65 and promoted the IκBα expression level in both hepatic and renal tissues. In sum, AS pretreatment could effectively guard the liver and kidney of mice from D-gal-induced injury, and the underlying mechanism was deemed to be intimately related to attenuating oxidative response and inflammatory stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Zhun Mo
- 1 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Chinese Medicinals Development and Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou, China .,2 School of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhi-Xiu Lin
- 2 School of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zi-Ren Su
- 1 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Chinese Medicinals Development and Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou, China .,3 Dongguan Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Dongguan, China
| | - Lin Zheng
- 4 Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Hospital Chinese Medicine Preparation, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Shenzhen, China
| | - Hui-Lin Li
- 4 Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Hospital Chinese Medicine Preparation, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian-Hui Xie
- 5 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Fang Xian
- 2 School of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tie-Gang Yi
- 4 Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Hospital Chinese Medicine Preparation, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Shenzhen, China
| | - Shui-Qing Huang
- 6 School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Ping Chen
- 4 Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Hospital Chinese Medicine Preparation, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Shenzhen, China
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Evidence-Based Study to Compare Daodi Traditional Chinese Medicinal Material and Non- Daodi Traditional Chinese Medicinal Material. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:6763130. [PMID: 29599808 PMCID: PMC5828320 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6763130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Daodi medicinal material is widely used in Chinese herb medication. However, there is a lack of systematic methodology for identifying characteristics associated with good quality and reliable efficacy of Daodi med-material. Purpose The purpose of this study is to provide some evidence to further substantiate the use of Daodi medicinal materials. Methods Seven relevant databases were searched before July 2014. Two evaluators were responsible for screening and categorizing the results. The data was analyzed with Microsoft Excel 2007 and SPSS 21.0 statistical software. Results Overall, 107 articles were systematically analyzed. Of these studies, 55.1% (59/107) focused on the methodology to assess Daodi med-material, and 38.3% (41/107) were interested in med-material ingredients, soil physical and chemical properties, and the geological background system (GBS). Only 6.5% (7/107) of studies were mainly conducted as clinical trials and animal experiments. Conclusion Comparisons between Daodi and non-Daodi materials have been studied mainly in terms of the ingredients or composition of medical materials, soil physics and chemistry, and the GBS, and some identifying methodologies have been created to identify Daodi attributes. Until now, there is still no consensus of comparison criteria between Daodi and non-Daodi medicinal material. Only a few studies were conducted through animal experiments and clinical trials to determine Daodi superiority.
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Hua Y, Yao W, Ji P, Wei Y. Integrated metabonomic-proteomic studies on blood enrichment effects of Angelica sinensis on a blood deficiency mice model. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:853-863. [PMID: 28140733 PMCID: PMC6130503 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2017.1281969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels (Umbelliferae) (AS) is a well-known Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) that enriches and regulates the blood. OBJECTIVE An integrated metabonomic and proteomic method was developed and applied to study the blood enrichment effects and mechanisms of AS on blood deficiency (BD) mouse model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty mice were randomly divided into the control, BD, High-dose of AS (ASH), Middle-dose of AS (ASM), and Low-dose of AS (ASL) groups. BD model mice were established by injecting N-acetylphenylhydrazine (APH) and cyclophosphamide (CTX) (ip). The aqueous extract of AS was administered at three dose of 20, 10, or 5 g/kg b. wt. orally for 7 consecutive days before/after APH and CTX administration. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combined with pattern recognition method and 2D gel electrophoresis (2-DE) proteomics were performed in this study to discover the underlying hematopoietic regulation mechanisms of AS on BD mouse model. RESULTS Unlike in the control group, the HSP90 and arginase levels increased significantly (p < 0.05) in the BD group, but the levels of carbonic anhydrase, GAPDH, catalase, fibrinogen, GSTP, carboxylesterase and hem binding protein in the BD group decreased significantly (p < 0.05). Unlike the levels in the BD group, the levels of these biomarkers were regulated to a normal state near the control group in the ASM group. Unlike in the control group, l-alanine, arachidonic acid, l-valine, octadecanoic acid, glycine, hexadecanoic acid, l-threonine, butanoic acid, malic acid, l-proline and propanoic acid levels increased significantly (p < 0.05) in the BD group, the levels of d-fructose in the BD group decreased significantly (p < 0.05). The relative concentrations of 12 endogenous metabolites were also significantly affected by the ASL, ASM, and ASH treatments. Notably, most of the altered BD-related metabolites were restored to normal state after ASM administration. CONCLUSION AS can promote hematopoietic activities, inhibit production of reactive oxygen species, regulate energy metabolism, increase antiapoptosis, and potentially contribute to the blood enrichment effects of AS against APH- and CTX-induced BD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongli Hua
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wangling Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Ji
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanming Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, People’s Republic of China
- CONTACT Yanming WeiCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province730070, People’s Republic of China
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Shawky E, Selim DA. Evaluation of the effect of extraction solvent and organ selection on the chemical profile of Astragalus spinosus using HPTLC- multivariate image analysis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1061-1062:134-138. [PMID: 28734161 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eman Shawky
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Egypt.
| | - Dina A Selim
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Egypt
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17
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Liu S, Sun Y, Li J, Dong J, Bian Q. Preparation of Herbal Medicine: Er-Xian Decoction and Er-Xian-containing Serum for In Vivo and In Vitro Experiments. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28605360 DOI: 10.3791/55654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional herbal medicine, an alternative medicine in the clinical setting, has received increased attention in recent years. Before delivery to the body, an additional extraction procedure is commonly required to release the active constituents from raw herbs. Water decoction is a classical extraction procedure that is still broadly used in the clinical settings. Here, we propose a detailed protocol for er-xian decoction (EXD) in order to apply herbal decoctions to experimental studies. The calculation of an animal-appropriate dose is described, as well as the four main steps of EXD: soaking, water decoction, filtration, and concentration. In addition, serum-containing EXD is introduced to rats as a means of in vitro validation. Here, rats were orally administered EXD for three days. Blood samples were then collected, inactivated, centrifuged, and filtered. The serum, diluted with the culture medium, can be utilized to treat cells or tissues in vitro. For example, EXD was applied to both in vivo and in vitro studies and demonstrated that EXD enhances osteogenesis. This protocol can be used as a reference for the preparation and application of herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufen Liu
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Yueli Sun
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Ji Li
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | | | - Qin Bian
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University;
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Shen CY, Jiang JG, Yang L, Wang DW, Zhu W. Anti-ageing active ingredients from herbs and nutraceuticals used in traditional Chinese medicine: pharmacological mechanisms and implications for drug discovery. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 174:1395-1425. [PMID: 27659301 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing, an unanswered question in the medical field, is a multifactorial process that results in a progressive functional decline in cells, tissues and organisms. Although it is impossible to prevent ageing, slowing down the rate of ageing is entirely possible to achieve. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is characterized by the nourishing of life and its role in anti-ageing is getting more and more attention. This article summarizes the work done on the natural products from TCM that are reported to have anti-ageing effects, in the past two decades. The effective anti-ageing ingredients identified can be generally divided into flavonoids, saponins, polysaccharides, alkaloids and others. Astragaloside, Cistanche tubulosa acteoside, icariin, tetrahydrocurcumin, quercetin, butein, berberine, catechin, curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, gastrodin, 6-Gingerol, glaucarubinone, ginsenoside Rg1, luteolin, icarisid II, naringenin, resveratrol, theaflavin, carnosic acid, catalpol, chrysophanol, cycloastragenol, emodin, galangin, echinacoside, ferulic acid, huperzine, honokiol, isoliensinine, phycocyanin, proanthocyanidins, rosmarinic acid, oxymatrine, piceid, puerarin and salvianolic acid B are specified in this review. Simultaneously, chemical structures of the monomers with anti-ageing activities are listed, and their source, model, efficacy and mechanism are also described. The TCMs with anti-ageing function are classified according to their action pathways, including the telomere and telomerase, the sirtuins, the mammalian target of rapamycin, AMP-activated kinase and insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 signalling pathway, free radicals scavenging and the resistance to DNA damage. Finally, Chinese compound prescription and extracts related to anti-ageing are introduced, which provides the basis and the direction for the further development of novel and potential drugs. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Principles of Pharmacological Research of Nutraceuticals. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.11/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yan Shen
- College of Food and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Guo Jiang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Yang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Da-Wei Wang
- The second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- The second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Wu TY, Chang FR, Liou JR, Lo IW, Chung TC, Lee LY, Chi CC, Du YC, Wong MH, Juo SHH, Lee CC, Wu YC. Rapid HPLC Quantification Approach for Detection of Active Constituents in Modern Combinatorial Formula, San-Huang-Xie-Xin-Tang (SHXXT). Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:374. [PMID: 27812335 PMCID: PMC5071620 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
San-Huang-Xie-Xin-Tang (SHXXT), one of the most important traditional Chinese medicinal formulas, is comprised by three herbal medicines, the rhizome of Rheum officinale [or Rheum tanguticum (Polygonaceae) (Dahuang in Chinese)], the root of Scutellaria baicalensis (Labiatae) (Huangqin in Chinese), and the rhizome of Coptis chinensis (Ranunculaceae) (Huanglian in Chinese) in the ratios of 2:1:1 or 1:1:1. This study is aimed to quantitate and qualify of SHXXT, by a rapid, convenient, and effective HPLC-PDA approach associated with LC-MS technique. Of which method, nine chosen major bioactive components in SHXXT, including aloe-emodin (Ale), baicalin (Ba), berberine (Be), coptisine (Co), palmatine (Pa), resveratroloside (Res), rhein (Rh), sennoside A (Se-A), and wogonin (Wo), were evaluated within 30 min. The nine chemical markers were monitored in a high sensitivity with a low detection limit of 0.01−0.55 μg/mL and the correlation coefficient of the regression curve revealed a good linearity with R2 > 0.99. Moreover, the extraction solution system and the HPLC elution conditions were also optimized in the present study. This present developed protocol was then successfully applied to quantify nine chemical markers of 10 SHXXT products from eight Taiwanese TCM pharmaceutical companies. In quantitative results, Res was found as the major compound in SHXXT-1~5 and 8 with significantly higher amounts than those in other products, indicating the products SHXXT-1~5 and 8 may use R. tanguticum as the raw material, which possessed a higher concentration of the bioactive composition Res, instead of R. officinale. Simultaneously, Ale, Rh, and Wo were < 2% in these 10 products. Different chemical profiles of commercial products indicated that, probably, each product with the same named formula might be regarded as a sole medicine and need to be investigated individually. Importantly, it is never too much to emphasize the importance of quality control in TCM development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung-Ying Wu
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Rong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung, Taiwan; Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung, Taiwan; Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University HospitalKaohsiung, Taiwan; Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Ru Liou
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - I-Wen Lo
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tang-Chia Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yao Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chen Chi
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chi Du
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Man-Hon Wong
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Suh-Hang Hank Juo
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genetics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chen Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Chang Wu
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University HospitalTaichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung, Taiwan; School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical UniversityTaichung, Taiwan; Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, China Medicinal UniversityTaichung, Taiwan; Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University HospitalTaichung, Taiwan
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20
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Pan Y, Zhang J, Li H, Wang YZ, Li WY. Characteristic fingerprinting based on macamides for discrimination of maca (Lepidium meyenii) by LC/MS/MS and multivariate statistical analysis. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2016; 96:4475-4483. [PMID: 26857797 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macamides with a benzylalkylamide nucleus are characteristic and major bioactive compounds in the functional food maca (Lepidium meyenii Walp). The aim of this study was to explore variations in macamide content among maca from China and Peru. Twenty-seven batches of maca hypocotyls with different phenotypes, sampled from different geographical origins, were extracted and profiled by liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-UV/MS/MS). RESULTS Twelve macamides were identified by MS operated in multiple scanning modes. Similarity analysis showed that maca samples differed significantly in their macamide fingerprinting. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was used to differentiate samples according to their geographical origin and to identify the most relevant variables in the classification model. The prediction accuracy for raw maca was 91% and five macamides were selected and considered as chemical markers for sample classification. CONCLUSION When combined with a PLS-DA model, characteristic fingerprinting based on macamides could be recommended for labelling for the authentication of maca from different geographical origins. The results provided potential evidence for the relationships between environmental or other factors and distribution of macamides. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Pan
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650200, China
- Yunnan Technical Center for Quality of Chinese Materia Medica, Kunming, 650200, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650200, China
- Yunnan Technical Center for Quality of Chinese Materia Medica, Kunming, 650200, China
| | - Hong Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650200, China
- Yunnan Technical Center for Quality of Chinese Materia Medica, Kunming, 650200, China
| | - Yuan-Zhong Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650200, China
- Yunnan Technical Center for Quality of Chinese Materia Medica, Kunming, 650200, China
| | - Wan-Yi Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650200, China
- Yunnan Technical Center for Quality of Chinese Materia Medica, Kunming, 650200, China
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21
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Li G, Zhang Z, Quan Q, Jiang R, Szeto SS, Yuan S, Wong WT, Lam HHC, Lee SMY, Chu IK. Discovery, Synthesis, and Functional Characterization of a Novel Neuroprotective Natural Product from the Fruit of Alpinia oxyphylla for use in Parkinson’s Disease Through LC/MS-Based Multivariate Data Analysis-Guided Fractionation. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:2595-606. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guohui Li
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute
of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenue Padre
Tomás Pereira S.J., Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Zaijun Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute
of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenue Padre
Tomás Pereira S.J., Taipa, Macao, China
- Institute of New Drug Research, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic, Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine & New Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangdong, China
| | - Quan Quan
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Renwang Jiang
- Institute
of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Samuel S.W. Szeto
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shuai Yuan
- State
Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute
of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenue Padre
Tomás Pereira S.J., Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Wing-tak Wong
- Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Herman H. C. Lam
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Simon Ming-Yuen Lee
- State
Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute
of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenue Padre
Tomás Pereira S.J., Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Ivan K. Chu
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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22
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Jiang M, Zhao X, Wang L, Xu L, Zhang Y, Li Z. Integrating candidate metabolites and biochemical factors to elucidate the action mechanism of Xue-sai-tong injection based on 1 H NMR metabolomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1026:87-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Revised: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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23
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Alvarez-Zapata R, Sánchez-Medina A, Chan-Bacab M, García-Sosa K, Escalante-Erosa F, García-Rodríguez RV, Peña-Rodríguez LM. Chemometrics-enhanced high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection of bioactive metabolites from phytochemically unknown plants. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1422:213-221. [PMID: 26515384 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This work describes the use of Colubrina greggii as a model to investigate the use of chemometric analysis combined with data from a leishmanicidal bioassay, using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Orthogonal Projections to Latent Structures (O-PLS), to detect biologically active natural products in crude extracts from plants having little or no phytochemical information. A first analysis of the HPLC-UV profiles of the extract and its semi-purified fractions using both Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Orthogonal Partial Least Squares (O-PLS) indicated that the components at tR 48.2, 48.7, 51.8min correlated with the variation in bioactivity. However, a further O-PLS analysis of the HPLC-UV profiles of fractions obtained through a final semi-preparative HPLC purification showed two components at tR 48.7 and 49.5min which correlated with the variation of the bioactivity in a high performance predictive model, with high determination coefficient, high correlation coefficient values (R(2) and Q(2)=0.99) and a low root mean square error (RMSE=0.018). This study demonstrates that the association of chemometric analysis with bioassay results can be an excellent strategy for the detection and isolation of bioactive metabolites from phytochemically unknown plant crude extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radamés Alvarez-Zapata
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 N. 130, Col. Chuburná, CP 97200 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Alberto Sánchez-Medina
- Unidad de Servicios de Apoyo en Resolución Analítica, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Dr. Luis Castelazo Ayala S/N, Col. Industrial Ánimas, CP 91190 Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Manuel Chan-Bacab
- Departamento de Microbiología Ambiental y Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma de Campeche, Av. Agustín Melgar S/N, Col. Buenavista, CP 24039 Campeche, Campeche, México
| | - Karlina García-Sosa
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 N. 130, Col. Chuburná, CP 97200 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Fabiola Escalante-Erosa
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 N. 130, Col. Chuburná, CP 97200 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Rosa Virginia García-Rodríguez
- Unidad de Servicios de Apoyo en Resolución Analítica, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Dr. Luis Castelazo Ayala S/N, Col. Industrial Ánimas, CP 91190 Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Luis Manuel Peña-Rodríguez
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 N. 130, Col. Chuburná, CP 97200 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
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Chan K, Zhang H, Lin ZX. An overview on adverse drug reactions to traditional Chinese medicines. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2015; 80:834-43. [PMID: 25619530 PMCID: PMC4594726 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.12598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The safe use of Chinese materia medica (CMM) and products in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) practice conventionally relies on correct pharmacognostic identification, good agricultural and manufacturing practices based on pharmacopoeia standards and rational/correct CMM combinations with TCM-guided clinical prescribing. These experience-based principles may not absolutely ensure safety without careful toxicological investigations when compared with development of new pharmaceutical drugs. Clinically observed toxicity reports remain as guidance for gathering toxicological evidence, though essential as pharmacovigilance, but are considered as late events for ensuring safety. The overview focuses on the following factors: global development of TCM that has affected conventional healthcare; examples of key toxic substances in CMM; reported adverse drug reactions (ADRs) consequential to taking CMM and TCM products; and proposals on rational approaches to integrate the knowledge of biomedical science and the principles of TCM practice for detecting early ADRs if both TCM products and orthodox drugs are involved. It is envisaged that good control of the quality and standards of CMM and proprietary Chinese medicines can certainly reduce the incidence of ADRs in TCM practice when these medications are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin Chan
- The National Institute for Complementary Medicine, University of Western SydneyNSW, 2560, Australia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of SydneyNSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong KongShatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhi-Xiu Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong KongShatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
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Pan Y, Zhang J, Shen T, Zhao YL, Zuo ZT, Wang YZ, Li WY. Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry Combined with Fourier Transform Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy and Chemometrics for Comparative Analysis of Raw and Processed Gentiana rigescens. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2015.1053912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Pan
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Tao Shen
- College of Resources and Environment, Yuxi Normal University, Yuxi, China
| | - Yan-Li Zhao
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Zhi-Tian Zuo
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Yuan-Zhong Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Wan-Yi Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
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Pan Y, Zhang J, Shen T, Zhao YL, Zuo ZT, Wang YZ, Li WY. Investigation of chemical diversity in different parts and origins of ethnomedicineGentiana rigescensFranch using targeted metabolite profiling and multivariate statistical analysis. Biomed Chromatogr 2015; 30:232-40. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Pan
- Institute of Medicinal Plants; Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Kunming 650200 China
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Kunming 650500 China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plants; Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Kunming 650200 China
| | - Tao Shen
- College of Resources and Environment; Yuxi Normal University; Yuxi 653100 China
| | - Yan-Li Zhao
- Institute of Medicinal Plants; Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Kunming 650200 China
| | - Zhi-Tian Zuo
- Institute of Medicinal Plants; Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Kunming 650200 China
| | - Yuan-Zhong Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plants; Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Kunming 650200 China
| | - Wan-Yi Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plants; Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Kunming 650200 China
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Oh IH, Cho IH, Kim SH, Oh TJ, Lee HJ, Kim YS, Choi HK. DifferentiatingChamaecyparis obtusaandChamaecyparis pisiferaLeaves Using1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.10239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Il-Hwan Oh
- College of Pharmacy; Chung-Ang University; Seoul 156-756 South Korea
| | - In Hee Cho
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology; Wonkwang University; Iksan 570-749 South Korea
| | - So-Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy; Chung-Ang University; Seoul 156-756 South Korea
| | - Taek-Joo Oh
- College of Pharmacy; Chung-Ang University; Seoul 156-756 South Korea
| | - Hong Jin Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Chung-Ang University; Anseong 456-756 South Korea
| | - Young-Suk Kim
- Department of Food Science and Engineering; Ewha Womans University; Seoul 120-750 South Korea
| | - Hyung-Kyoon Choi
- College of Pharmacy; Chung-Ang University; Seoul 156-756 South Korea
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Yao S, Zhang J, Wang D, Hou J, Yang W, Da J, Cai L, Yang M, Jiang B, Liu X, Guo DA, Wu W. Discriminatory components retracing strategy for monitoring the preparation procedure of Chinese patent medicines by fingerprint and chemometric analysis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121366. [PMID: 25768096 PMCID: PMC4359105 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chinese patent medicines (CPM), generally prepared from several traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) in accordance with specific process, are the typical delivery form of TCMs in Asia. To date, quality control of CPMs has typically focused on the evaluation of the final products using fingerprint technique and multi-components quantification, but rarely on monitoring the whole preparation process, which was considered to be more important to ensure the quality of CPMs. In this study, a novel and effective strategy labeling "retracing" way based on HPLC fingerprint and chemometric analysis was proposed with Shenkang injection (SKI) serving as an example to achieve the quality control of the whole preparation process. The chemical fingerprints were established initially and then analyzed by similarity, principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) to evaluate the quality and to explore discriminatory components. As a result, the holistic inconsistencies of ninety-three batches of SKIs were identified and five discriminatory components including emodic acid, gallic acid, caffeic acid, chrysophanol-O-glucoside, and p-coumaroyl-O-galloyl-glucose were labeled as the representative targets to explain the retracing strategy. Through analysis of the targets variation in the corresponding semi-products (ninety-three batches), intermediates (thirty-three batches), and the raw materials, successively, the origins of the discriminatory components were determined and some crucial influencing factors were proposed including the raw materials, the coextraction temperature, the sterilizing conditions, and so on. Meanwhile, a reference fingerprint was established and subsequently applied to the guidance of manufacturing. It was suggested that the production process should be standardized by taking the concentration of the discriminatory components as the diagnostic marker to ensure the stable and consistent quality for multi-batches of products. It is believed that the effective and practical strategy would play a critical role in the guidance of manufacturing and help improve the safety of the final products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yao
- National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jingxian Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jinjun Hou
- National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wenzhi Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Juan Da
- National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Luying Cai
- National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Min Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Baohong Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - De-an Guo
- National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wanying Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- * E-mail:
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Chan K, Hu XY, Razmovski-Naumovski V, Robinson N. Challenges and opportunities of integrating traditional Chinese medicine into mainstream medicine: A review of the current situation. Eur J Integr Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Li Y, Zhang J, Zhao Y, Li Z, Li T, Wang Y. Characteristic Fingerprint Based on Low Polar Constituents for Discrimination of Wolfiporia extensa according to Geographical Origin Using UV Spectroscopy and Chemometrics Methods. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2014; 2014:519424. [PMID: 25544933 PMCID: PMC4269309 DOI: 10.1155/2014/519424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The fungus species Wolfiporia extensa has a long history of medicinal usage and has also been commercially used to formulate nutraceuticals and functional foods in certain Asian countries. In the present study, a practical and promising method has been developed to discriminate the dried sclerotium of W. extensa collected from different geographical sites based on UV spectroscopy together with chemometrics methods. Characteristic fingerprint of low polar constituents of sample extracts that originated from chloroform has been obtained in the interval 250-400 nm. Chemometric pattern recognition methods such as partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were applied to enhance the authenticity of discrimination of the specimens. The results showed that W. extensa samples were well classified according to their geographical origins. The proposed method can fully utilize diversified fingerprint characteristics of sclerotium of W. extensa and requires low-cost equipment and short-time analysis in comparison with other techniques. Meanwhile, this simple and efficient method may serve as a basis for the authentication of other medicinal fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, China
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, China
| | - Yanli Zhao
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, China
| | - Zhimin Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, China
| | - Tao Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Yuxi Normal University, Yuxi 653100, China
| | - Yuanzhong Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, China
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Donno D, Beccaro GL, Mellano MG, Bonvegna L, Bounous G. Castanea spp. buds as a phytochemical source for herbal preparations: botanical fingerprint for nutraceutical identification and functional food standardisation. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2014; 94:2863-2873. [PMID: 24676761 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many plant species may be used for the production of herbal preparations containing phytochemicals with significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities and health benefits: Castanea spp. is among the most commonly used herbal medicines. The aim of this research was to perform an analytical study of chestnut bud preparations, in order to identify and quantify the main bioactive compounds, and to obtain a specific chemical fingerprint to evaluate the single class contribution to the herbal preparation phytocomplex. The analyses were performed using a high-performance liquid chromatograph coupled to a diode array detector. RESULTS Castanea spp. was identified as a rich source of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant compounds: the observed analytical fingerprint demonstrated that these bud preparations represent a rich source of bioactive compounds (104.77 ± 1.14 g kg(-1) FW) in relation to different genotypes, specific sampling sites and several phenological stages. CONCLUSION This study showed that the observed analytical fingerprint can be considered an important tool for assessing the chemical composition and bioactivities of the chestnut-derived products, considering the Castanea genus as a new source of natural health-promoting compounds. This study allowed the development of an effective tool for quality control by fingerprinting the bud preparation in order to develop a new generation of standardised preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Donno
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Leonardo da Vinci 44, 10095 -, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
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Chideh S, Pilard S, Attoumbré J, Saguez R, Hassan-Abdallah A, Cailleu D, Wadouachi A, Baltora-Rosset S. 5-O-caffeoylshikimic acid from Solanum somalense leaves: advantage of centrifugal partition chromatography over conventional column chromatography. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:2331-9. [PMID: 24962011 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Solanum somalense leaves, used in Djibouti for their medicinal properties, were extracted by MeOH. Because of the high polyphenol and flavonoid contents of the extract, respectively, determined at 80.80 ± 2.13 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry weight and 24.4 ± 1.01 mg quercetin equivalent/g dry weight, the isolation and purification of the main polyphenols were carried out by silica gel column chromatography and centrifugal partition chromatography. Column chromatography led to 11 enriched fractions requiring further purification, while centrifugal partition chromatography allowed the easy recovery of the main compound of the extract. In a solvent system composed of CHCl3/MeOH/H2O (9.5:10:5), 21.8 mg of this compound at 97% purity was obtained leading to a yield of 2.63%. Its structure was established as 5-O-caffeoylshikimic acid by mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. This work shows that S. somalense leaves contain very high level of 5-O-caffeoylshikimic acid (0.74% dry weight), making it a potential source of production of this secondary metabolite that is not commonly found in nature but could be partly responsible of the medicinal properties of S. somalense leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saïda Chideh
- EDYSAN FRE 3498 CNRS-Université de Picardie Jules Verne, UFR de Pharmacie, Amiens Cedex, France; Centre de Recherche, Université de Djibouti, Avenue Georges Clémenceau, Djibouti
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Tan Y, Liu X, Lu C, He X, Li J, Xiao C, Jiang M, Yang J, Zhou K, Zhang Z, Zhang W, Lu A. Metabolic profiling reveals therapeutic biomarkers of processed Aconitum carmichaeli Debx in treating hydrocortisone induced kidney-yang deficiency syndrome rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 152:585-93. [PMID: 24556226 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 01/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Kidney-yang deficiency syndrome (KYDS) is a diagnostic pattern in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and clinical data showed that the unbalance in adrenal cortical hormone is the key issue in KYDS patients. The processed Ranunculaceae aconitum carmichaeli debx (bai-fu-pian in Chinese, BFP) is one of the most commonly used Chinese herbs for treating KYDS. The present study was conducted to explore the therapeutic biomarkers of the BFP in treating hydrocortisone administration induced KYDS rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups with six in each group. KYDS in rats was induced by i.p. injection of hydrocortisone at the dose of 10mg/kg per day for 15 days as described previously. The rats with KYDS were administered orally, starting from the day of hydrocortisone administration stopped, with BFP extract at the dose of 0.32g/kg, 0.64g/kg and 1.28g/kg per day respectively for 15 days. The blood samples were collected for the liquid chromatography quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-Q-TOF-MS) test, as well as radioimmunoassay to determine the concentrations of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH). The metabolic responses to BFP administration were investigated by using the principal components analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares analysis (OPLS). Bioinformatics analyses were performed by using the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). Variance analysis and linear regression analysis were used in this study. RESULTS The signs and concentrations of cAMP, cGMP and ACTH in the model rats were similar to those previously described about KYDS rats and BFP treatment can reverse the changes. Seventeen significantly changed metabolites among different groups were identified. Thirteen metabolites were identified in the KYDS rats comparing to healthy rats with nine up-regulated and four down-regulated. After BFP treatment at three dosages, five up-regulated metabolites including phosphate, betaine, (4-hydroxyphenyl) acetaldehyde, 5-hydroxyindol-3-acetic acid and 5'-phosphoribosyl-N-formylglycinamide were dose-dependently reversed. The network analysis with IPA showed that four canonical pathways including superpathway of methionine degradation, purine nucleotides de novo biosynthesis II, tyrosine synthesis and serotonin receptor signaling involved the therapeutic mechanism of BFP in treating the KYDS rats. CONCLUSIONS Five therapeutic biomarkers (phosphate, betaine, (4-hydroxyphenyl) acetaldehyde, 5-hydroxyindol-3-acetic acid and 5'-phosphoribosyl-N-formylglycinamide) and two corresponding canonical pathways (amino acid metabolism and purine nucleotide metabolism) were identified to be involved in the therapeutic mechanism of BFP treating the KYDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Tan
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xinru Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Xiaojuan He
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Jian Li
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Cheng Xiao
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100030, China
| | - Miao Jiang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Ke Zhou
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Zhongxiao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Aiping Lu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.
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Hubert J, Nuzillard JM, Purson S, Hamzaoui M, Borie N, Reynaud R, Renault JH. Identification of natural metabolites in mixture: a pattern recognition strategy based on (13)C NMR. Anal Chem 2014; 86:2955-62. [PMID: 24555703 DOI: 10.1021/ac403223f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Because of their highly complex metabolite profile, the chemical characterization of bioactive natural extracts usually requires time-consuming multistep purification procedures to achieve the structural elucidation of pure individual metabolites. The aim of the present work was to develop a dereplication strategy for the identification of natural metabolites directly within mixtures. Exploiting the polarity range of metabolites, the principle was to rapidly fractionate a multigram quantity of a crude extract by centrifugal partition extraction (CPE). The obtained fractions of simplified chemical composition were subsequently analyzed by (13)C NMR. After automatic collection and alignment of (13)C signals across spectra, hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) was performed for pattern recognition. As a result, strong correlations between (13)C signals of a single structure within the mixtures of the fraction series were visualized as chemical shift clusters. Each cluster was finally assigned to a molecular structure with the help of a locally built (13)C NMR chemical shift database. The proof of principle of this strategy was achieved on a simple model mixture of commercially available plant secondary metabolites and then applied to a bark extract of the African tree Anogeissus leiocarpus Guill. & Perr. (Combretaceae). Starting from 5 g of this genuine extract, the fraction series was generated by CPE in only 95 min. (13)C NMR analyses of all fractions followed by pattern recognition of (13)C chemical shifts resulted in the unambiguous identification of seven major compounds, namely, sericoside, trachelosperogenin E, ellagic acid, an epimer mixture of (+)-gallocatechin and (-)-epigallocatechin, 3,3'-di-O-methylellagic acid 4'-O-xylopyranoside, and 3,4,3'-tri-O-methylflavellagic acid 4'-O-glucopyranoside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Hubert
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims (UMR CNRS 7312), SFR CAP'SANTE, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne , Reims, France
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Heinrich M. Ethnopharmacology: quo vadis? Challenges for the future. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2013.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Toniolo C, Nicoletti M, Maggi F, Venditti A. HPTLC determination of chemical composition variability in raw materials used in botanicals. Nat Prod Res 2013; 28:119-26. [PMID: 24219430 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2013.852546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Besides the chemotaxonomic value, nowadays determination of biodiversity and chemical variability has a commercial impact. The exact identity of raw material and constituents of botanical products, such as food supplements or herbal remedies, is a very important argument, being the real prerequisite for quality control and traceability, followed by the determination of active components. However, the analytical approach must consider the natural great variability in secondary metabolites and product form, such as in extracts. Against the reductive approach, on the basis of single chemical standards, so far dominant in Pharmacopoeias monographs, we report applications and utility of the high-performance thin-layer chromatography fingerprint in determination of species of the same genus, of populations of the same species and of different drugs of the same plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Toniolo
- a Department of Environmental Biology , University Sapienza of Rome , Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185 , Italy
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Metabolomic analysis of anti-hypoxia and anti-anxiety effects of Fu Fang Jin Jing Oral Liquid. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78281. [PMID: 24205180 PMCID: PMC3799728 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Herba Rhodiolae is a traditional Chinese medicine used by the Tibetan people for treating hypoxia related diseases such as anxiety. Based on the previous work, we developed and patented an anti-anxiety herbal formula Fu Fang Jin Jing Oral Liquid (FJJOL) with Herba Rhodiolae as a chief ingredient. In this study, the anti-hypoxia and anti-anxiety effects of FJJOL in a high altitude forced-swimming mouse model with anxiety symptoms will be elucidated by NMR-based metabolomics. Methods In our experiments, the mice were divided randomly into four groups as flatland group, high altitude saline-treated group, high altitude FJJOL-treated group, and high altitude diazepam-treated group. To cause anxiety effects and hypoxic defects, a combination use of oxygen level decreasing (hypobaric cabin) and oxygen consumption increasing (exhaustive swimming) were applied to mice. After a three-day experimental handling, aqueous metabolites of mouse brain tissues were extracted and then subjected to NMR analysis. The therapeutic effects of FJJOL on the hypobaric hypoxia mice with anxiety symptoms were verified. Results Upon hypoxic exposure, both energy metabolism defects and disorders of functional metabolites in brain tissues of mice were observed. PCA, PLS-DA and OPLS-DA scatter plots revealed a clear group clustering for metabolic profiles in the hypoxia versus normoxia samples. After a three-day treatment with FJJOL, significant rescue effects on energy metabolism were detected, and levels of ATP, fumarate, malate and lactate in brain tissues of hypoxic mice recovered. Meanwhile, FJJOL also up-regulated the neurotransmitter GABA, and the improvement of anxiety symptoms was highly related to this effect. Conclusions FJJOL ameliorated hypobaric hypoxia effects by regulating energy metabolism, choline metabolism, and improving the symptoms of anxiety. The anti-anxiety therapeutic effects of FJJOL were comparable to the conventional anti-anxiety drug diazepam on the hypobaric hypoxia mice. FJJOL might serve as an alternative therapy for the hypoxia and anxiety disorders.
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Guo JM, Lin P, Lu YW, Duan JA, Shang EX, Qian DW, Tang YP. Investigation of in vivo metabolic profile of Abelmoschus Manihot based on pattern recognition analysis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 148:297-304. [PMID: 23632309 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medik. var. manihot is one of the most commonly used Chinese medicines and has played an important role in treating chronic glomerulonephritis and diabetic nephropathy. AIM OF THE STUDY Metabolites identification of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a complex and time-consuming process due to the complicity of TCM and subsequent large number of detected ions. In this paper, UPLC-MS combined with pattern recognition analysis approach were used to simplify and quicken the identification of the metabolites of Abelmoschus Manihot. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rat urine samples were collected before (as control sample) and after Abelmoschus Manihot administration. Pattern recognition analysis method was used to differentiate components between Abelmoschus Manihot-treated group and its controlled comparison. These components could be considered as Abelmoschus Manihot-related metabolites in vivo. RESULTS LC-MS based metabolomics could be an advanced tool to help us find metabolites with regards to its capacity of processing large datasets, differentiating and classifying of sample groups, as well as its indiscriminative nature of biomarker and metabolite identification. Using this method, seven metabolites were identified, which are flavonoid aglycone glucuronidation, sulfatation, and methylation metabolites. CONCLUSION Our results showed that UPLC-MS based- pattern recognition analysis approach can be used to quickly identify Abelmoschus Manihot related metabolites in biological fluids. Furthermore, this work demonstrates the potential application of combining the UPLC-MS approach with the metabolomics approach in identifying the metabolites of TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ming Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, PR China.
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Xu Q, Bauer R, Hendry BM, Fan TP, Zhao Z, Duez P, Simmonds MSJ, Witt CM, Lu A, Robinson N, Guo DA, Hylands PJ. The quest for modernisation of traditional Chinese medicine. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 13:132. [PMID: 23763836 PMCID: PMC3689083 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is an integral part of mainstream medicine in China. Due to its worldwide use, potential impact on healthcare and opportunities for new drug development, TCM is also of great international interest. Recently, a new era for modernisation of TCM was launched with the successful completion of the Good Practice in Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in the Post-genomic Era (GP-TCM) project, the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7) coordination action on TCM research. This 3.5-year project that involved inputs from over 200 scientists resulted in the production of 20 editorials and in-depth reviews on different aspects of TCM that were published in a special issue of Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2012; volume 140, issue 3). In this narrative review, we aim to summarise the findings of the FP7 GP-TCM project and highlight the relevance of TCM to modern medicine within a historical and international context. Advances in TCM research since the 1950s can be characterised into three phases: Phase I (1950s-1970s) was fundamental for developing TCM higher education, research and hospital networks in China; Phase II (1980s-2000s) was critical for developing legal, economic and scientific foundations and international networks for TCM; and Phase III (2011 onwards) is concentrating on consolidating the scientific basis and clinical practice of TCM through interdisciplinary, interregional and intersectoral collaborations. Taking into account the quality and safety requirements newly imposed by a globalised market, we especially highlight the scientific evidence behind TCM, update the most important milestones and pitfalls, and propose integrity, integration and innovation as key principles for further modernisation of TCM. These principles will serve as foundations for further research and development of TCM, and for its future integration into tomorrow's medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihe Xu
- King's College London, Department of Renal Medicine, London, UK
| | - Rudolf Bauer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Bruce M Hendry
- King's College London, Department of Renal Medicine, London, UK
| | - Tai-Ping Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Zhongzhen Zhao
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pierre Duez
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Bromatology and Human Nutrition, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Claudia M Witt
- Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Aiping Lu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nicola Robinson
- Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University, London, UK
| | - De-an Guo
- Shanghai Research Centre for TCM Modernisation, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Peter J Hylands
- King's College London, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, London, UK
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Wang J, Kong H, Yuan Z, Gao P, Dai W, Hu C, Lu X, Xu G. A novel strategy to evaluate the quality of traditional Chinese medicine based on the correlation analysis of chemical fingerprint and biological effect. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2013; 83:57-64. [PMID: 23708431 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2013] [Revised: 04/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A novel strategy was developed to assess the quality of TCM (traditional Chinese medicine) based on the correlation analysis of the chemical fingerprint and biological effect. Using Rehmanniae glutinosa (RG) to treat the kidney yin deficiency as an example, chemical fingerprints of 27 RG samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and urinary metabolic profiling of RG treatment of kidney yin deficiency in rats was explored by using LC-MS. A correlation analysis between the chemical fingerprints and efficacy evaluation was developed to identify quality marker components to assess TCM quality. Thirty-four variables in chemical fingerprints were successfully defined to have a close relationship with the efficacy of RG. The validation test with a new RG sample indicated that these efficacy-related components could be used to evaluate the integral quality of RG accurately. Compared with conventional chemical fingerprint methodology, not only is the proposed approach a powerful tool to identify efficacy-related components for the quality evaluation of TCM, but the approach can also be used to predict the therapeutic efficacy of TCMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
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Predicting in silico which mixtures of the natural products of plants might most effectively kill human leukemia cells? EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:801501. [PMID: 23431350 PMCID: PMC3569894 DOI: 10.1155/2013/801501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Revised: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the analysis of just 13 natural products of plants was to predict the most likely effective artificial mixtures of 2-3 most effective natural products on leukemia cells from over 364 possible mixtures. The natural product selected included resveratrol, honokiol, chrysin, limonene, cholecalciferol, cerulenin, aloe emodin, and salicin and had over 600 potential protein targets. Target profiling used the Ontomine set of tools for literature searches of potential binding proteins, binding constant predictions, binding site predictions, and pathway network pattern analysis. The analyses indicated that 6 of the 13 natural products predicted binding proteins which were important targets for established cancer treatments. Improvements in effectiveness were predicted for artificial combinations of 2 or 3 natural products. That effect might be attributed to drug synergism rather than increased numbers of binding proteins bound (dose effects). Among natural products, the combinations of aloe emodin with mevinolin and honokiol were predicted to be the most effective combination for AML-related predicted binding proteins. Therefore, plant extracts may in future provide more effective medicines than the single purified natural products of modern medicine, in some cases.
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A new avenue for classification and prediction of olive cultivars using supervised and unsupervised algorithms. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44164. [PMID: 22957050 PMCID: PMC3434224 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Various methods have been used to identify cultivares of olive trees; herein we used different bioinformatics algorithms to propose new tools to classify 10 cultivares of olive based on RAPD and ISSR genetic markers datasets generated from PCR reactions. Five RAPD markers (OPA0a21, OPD16a, OP01a1, OPD16a1 and OPA0a8) and five ISSR markers (UBC841a4, UBC868a7, UBC841a14, U12BC807a and UBC810a13) selected as the most important markers by all attribute weighting models. K-Medoids unsupervised clustering run on SVM dataset was fully able to cluster each olive cultivar to the right classes. All trees (176) induced by decision tree models generated meaningful trees and UBC841a4 attribute clearly distinguished between foreign and domestic olive cultivars with 100% accuracy. Predictive machine learning algorithms (SVM and Naïve Bayes) were also able to predict the right class of olive cultivares with 100% accuracy. For the first time, our results showed data mining techniques can be effectively used to distinguish between plant cultivares and proposed machine learning based systems in this study can predict new olive cultivars with the best possible accuracy.
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Uzuner H, Bauer R, Fan TP, Guo DA, Dias A, El-Nezami H, Efferth T, Williamson EM, Heinrich M, Robinson N, Hylands PJ, Hendry BM, Cheng YC, Xu Q. Traditional Chinese medicine research in the post-genomic era: good practice, priorities, challenges and opportunities. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 140:458-468. [PMID: 22387462 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Revised: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/09/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS GP-TCM is the 1st EU-funded Coordination Action consortium dedicated to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) research. This paper aims to summarise the objectives, structure and activities of the consortium and introduces the position of the consortium regarding good practice, priorities, challenges and opportunities in TCM research. Serving as the introductory paper for the GP-TCM Journal of Ethnopharmacology special issue, this paper describes the roadmap of this special issue and reports how the main outputs of the ten GP-TCM work packages are integrated, and have led to consortium-wide conclusions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Literature studies, opinion polls and discussions among consortium members and stakeholders. RESULTS By January 2012, through 3 years of team building, the GP-TCM consortium had grown into a large collaborative network involving ∼200 scientists from 24 countries and 107 institutions. Consortium members had worked closely to address good practice issues related to various aspects of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) and acupuncture research, the focus of this Journal of Ethnopharmacology special issue, leading to state-of-the-art reports, guidelines and consensus on the application of omics technologies in TCM research. In addition, through an online survey open to GP-TCM members and non-members, we polled opinions on grand priorities, challenges and opportunities in TCM research. Based on the poll, although consortium members and non-members had diverse opinions on the major challenges in the field, both groups agreed that high-quality efficacy/effectiveness and mechanistic studies are grand priorities and that the TCM legacy in general and its management of chronic diseases in particular represent grand opportunities. Consortium members cast their votes of confidence in omics and systems biology approaches to TCM research and believed that quality and pharmacovigilance of TCM products are not only grand priorities, but also grand challenges. Non-members, however, gave priority to integrative medicine, concerned on the impact of regulation of TCM practitioners and emphasised intersectoral collaborations in funding TCM research, especially clinical trials. CONCLUSIONS The GP-TCM consortium made great efforts to address some fundamental issues in TCM research, including developing guidelines, as well as identifying priorities, challenges and opportunities. These consortium guidelines and consensus will need dissemination, validation and further development through continued interregional, interdisciplinary and intersectoral collaborations. To promote this, a new consortium, known as the GP-TCM Research Association, is being established to succeed the 3-year fixed term FP7 GP-TCM consortium and will be officially launched at the Final GP-TCM Congress in Leiden, the Netherlands, in April 2012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halil Uzuner
- King's College London, Department of Renal Medicine, London, UK.
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Verpoorte R. Good practices: the basis for evidence-based medicines. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 140:455-457. [PMID: 22386523 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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