1
|
Dai L, Miao X, Ma Y, Yang X, Li B, He J, Wang Y, Dong P, Zhang J, Shang X. Changes in the nutrients, phytochemical profile and antioxidant activity of Rheum officinale Baill. leaf blades during different growth periods. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1387947. [PMID: 38694224 PMCID: PMC11061479 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1387947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Rhubarb contains an abundance of compounds and nutrients that promote health through various activities; however, these activities are affected by the harvest season. In this paper, the changes in nutrients, phytochemical profiles and antioxidant activity of Rheum officinale leaf blades (LRO) during different growth periods were investigated. The results showed that LRO is a good source of protein, fiber, and minerals and contains abundant fatty acids; however, as the harvest time increased from March to July, the levels of protein and amino acid decreased, and the levels of other nutrients reached a maximum in May or June. LRO also contains flavonoids, terpenoids, and quinones. As the harvest time increased, the quinone content decreased, possibly due to the unstable chemical properties of quinones at high temperatures. The flavonoid contents reached a maximum in May or June. This study indicated that LRO is a source of nutrients and chemical components and can be used for functional food production. In addition, the nutrients and chemical components related to the antioxidant activity of LRO changed according to the harvest season.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Dai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaolou Miao
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yudong Ma
- Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaorong Yang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bing Li
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jian He
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Gansu Herbage and Livestock Environment Observation and Research Station, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Pengcheng Dong
- Gansu Herbage and Livestock Environment Observation and Research Station, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiyu Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Herbage and Livestock Environment Observation and Research Station, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaofei Shang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Herbage and Livestock Environment Observation and Research Station, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang H, He Q, Xing L, Wang R, Wang Y, Liu Y, Zhou Q, Li X, Jia Z, Liu Z, Miao Y, Lin T, Li W, Du H. The haplotype-resolved genome assembly of autotetraploid rhubarb Rheum officinale provides insights into its genome evolution and massive accumulation of anthraquinones. Plant Commun 2024; 5:100677. [PMID: 37634079 PMCID: PMC10811376 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Rheum officinale, a member of the Polygonaceae family, is an important medicinal plant that is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. Here, we report a 7.68-Gb chromosome-scale assembly of R. officinale with a contig N50 of 3.47 Mb, which was clustered into 44 chromosomes across four homologous groups. Comparative genomics analysis revealed that transposable elements have made a significant contribution to its genome evolution, gene copy number variation, and gene regulation and expression, particularly of genes involved in metabolite biosynthesis, stress resistance, and root development. We placed the recent autotetraploidization of R. officinale at ∼0.58 mya and analyzed the genomic features of its homologous chromosomes. Although no dominant monoploid genomes were observed at the overall expression level, numerous allele-differentially-expressed genes were identified, mainly with different transposable element insertions in their regulatory regions, suggesting that they functionally diverged after polyploidization. Combining genomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics, we explored the contributions of gene family amplification and tetraploidization to the abundant anthraquinone production of R. officinale, as well as gene expression patterns and differences in anthraquinone content among tissues. Our report offers unprecedented genomic resources for fundamental research on the autopolyploid herb R. officinale and guidance for polyploid breeding of herbs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Basic Science Center for Biotic Interaction in Hebei, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Qiang He
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Basic Science Center for Biotic Interaction in Hebei, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Longsheng Xing
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Basic Science Center for Biotic Interaction in Hebei, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Ruyu Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Basic Science Center for Biotic Interaction in Hebei, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Basic Science Center for Biotic Interaction in Hebei, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Basic Science Center for Biotic Interaction in Hebei, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Qinghong Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Basic Science Center for Biotic Interaction in Hebei, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Xuanzhao Li
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Basic Science Center for Biotic Interaction in Hebei, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Zheng Jia
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Basic Science Center for Biotic Interaction in Hebei, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Ze Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Basic Science Center for Biotic Interaction in Hebei, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Yuqing Miao
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Basic Science Center for Biotic Interaction in Hebei, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Tao Lin
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Basic Science Center for Biotic Interaction in Hebei, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Huilong Du
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Basic Science Center for Biotic Interaction in Hebei, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang YN, Zhang ZH, Liu HJ, Guo ZY, Zou L, Zhang YM, Zhao YY. Integrative phosphatidylcholine metabolism through phospholipase A 2 in rats with chronic kidney disease. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:393-405. [PMID: 35922553 PMCID: PMC9889763 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-00947-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation in lipid metabolism is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and also the important risk factors for high morbidity and mortality. Although lipid abnormalities were identified in CKD, integral metabolic pathways for specific individual lipid species remain to be clarified. We conducted ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-high-definition mass spectrometry-based lipidomics and identified plasma lipid species and therapeutic effects of Rheum officinale in CKD rats. Adenine-induced CKD rats were administered Rheum officinale. Urine, blood and kidney tissues were collected for analyses. We showed that exogenous adenine consumption led to declining kidney function in rats. Compared with control rats, a panel of differential plasma lipid species in CKD rats was identified in both positive and negative ion modes. Among the 50 lipid species, phosphatidylcholine (PC), lysophosphatidylcholine (LysoPC) and lysophosphatidic acid (LysoPA) accounted for the largest number of identified metabolites. We revealed that six PCs had integral metabolic pathways, in which PC was hydrolysed into LysoPC, and then converted to LysoPA, which was associated with increased cytosolic phospholipase A2 protein expression in CKD rats. The lower levels of six PCs and their corresponding metabolites could discriminate CKD rats from control rats. Receiver operating characteristic curves showed that each individual lipid species had high values of area under curve, sensitivity and specificity. Administration of Rheum officinale significantly improved impaired kidney function and aberrant PC metabolism in CKD rats. Taken together, this study demonstrates that CKD leads to PC metabolism disorders and that the dysregulation of PC metabolism is involved in CKD pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ni Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310053, China
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Zhi-Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Hong-Jiao Liu
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Guo
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Liang Zou
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Ya-Mei Zhang
- Clinical Genetics Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital & Clinical Medical College of Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610081, China
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China.
- Clinical Genetics Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital & Clinical Medical College of Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chao YH, Yang WT, Li MC, Yang FL, Lee RP. Angelica dahurica and Rheum officinale Facilitated Diabetic Wound Healing by Elevating Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor. Am J Chin Med 2021; 49:1515-1533. [PMID: 34224339 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x21500713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) provides alternative treatment choices for diabetic wounds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Angelica dahurica and Rheum officinale (ARE) on diabetic wounds and its underlying action mechanism. A total of 36 healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: diabetes mellitus (DM) rats treated with ARE (DM-ARE), DM rats treated with 0.9% saline (DM-NS), and non-DM rats treated with 0.9% saline (NDM-NS). DM was induced by intraperitoneal administration of 40 mg/kg of streptozotocin after a 2-week high-fat diet feeding. After excisional skin wounds and treatments, the remaining wound area (RWA) in each group was measured. The RWA in the DM-NS group (69.60% ± 2.35%) was greater than that in the DM-ARE (55.70% ± 1.85%) and NDM-NS groups (52.50% ± 2.77%) on day 6. Besides, the DM-ARE group showed higher vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), higher inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOs), higher [Formula: see text]-smooth muscle actin ([Formula: see text]-SMA), and lower nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cell (NF-[Formula: see text]B) expression in the wound skin tissue. These results showed that treatment with ARE shifted the recovery pattern of diabetic rats to the pattern of nondiabetic rats, indicating that ARE may improve wound healing in diabetic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuh-Huey Chao
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970374, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Anesthesiology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 220216, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wan-Ting Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970473, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ming-Chang Li
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Lo-Hsu Foundation, Inc., Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, Yi-Lan 265501, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Fwu-Lin Yang
- Intensive Care Unit, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231405, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ru-Ping Lee
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970374, Taiwan, ROC
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bahtiar A, Setyowati HT, Mahanani RR, Wati A, Arsianti A, Fadilah F. Rhaponticin contained Rheum officinale root extract improved Postmenopause symptom of Ovariectomized Rat. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2021; 12:175-179. [PMID: 34159150 PMCID: PMC8177149 DOI: 10.4103/japtr.japtr_324_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Postmenopausal women have decreased levels of the hormone estrogen. Reduced estrogen levels will often involve many symptoms that reduced quality of life. This research aims to analyze the effects of Rheum officinale root extract on postmenopausal model rats. To this end, thirty rats underwent ovariectomy (OVX) surgery and six rats were operated without having their ovaries removed. The OVX was confirmed by body weight–uterus weight ratio and a vaginal swab. Six groups of the rats were performed: SHAM group and negative control groups are given vehicle; the positive control was assigned tamoxifen; and the extract has been given three doses 7, 35, and 175 mg/200 g BW, respectively, for 30 days. The calcium content of bone ash was measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Blood pressure was evaluated using CODA®, and the metabolites in the blood were assessed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography. As a result, using ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)-MS, we found that the extract's major component was rhaponticin and its metabolites. The bone calcium levels increased with increasing doses of the extract. In the OVX group, the bone calcium content was decreased significantly 51.56% ± 8.9% g compared with the SHAM group 62.97% ±5.6% g, and the administration of Rheum extract could restore the calcium content of the bone to become 69.27% ± 3.8% g. From the above data, we concluded that Rheum root extracts contain astrigin, rhaponticin, rhapontigenin, and desoxyrhaponticin. Rheum root extract could improve calcium content and lipid profiles of OVX rats by stimulation osteoblastogenesis. Rheum root extracts could control the blood pressure of OVX rats by reducing lipid profiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anton Bahtiar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia Kampus UI Depok 16424, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Herlina Tri Setyowati
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia Kampus UI Depok 16424, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Retno Rela Mahanani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia Kampus UI Depok 16424, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Azizah Wati
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia Kampus UI Depok 16424, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ade Arsianti
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia Kampus UI Jl Salemba Raya, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Fadilah Fadilah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia Kampus UI Jl Salemba Raya, Jakarta, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wei L, Luo Y, Zhang X, Liu Y, Gasser M, Tang F, Ouyang WW, Wei H, Lu S, Yang Z, Waaga-Gasser AM, Deng C, Lin M. Topical therapy with rhubarb navel plasters in patients with chronic constipation: Results from a prospective randomized multicenter study. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 264:113096. [PMID: 32693116 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Constipation is a functional gastrointestinal disorder and one of the most prevalent conditions encountered in primary care settings. Rhubarb navel dressings have been used for more than 2,000 years in Chinese medicine to treat constipation. However, the effect of topical rhubarb administration has still not been well recognized and this strategy is not yet established as an evidence-based approach. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, we performed a prospective multicentric randomized controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of rhubarb navel plasters for patients with chronic constipation. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 374 patients from six teaching hospitals were prospectively included between 09/2016 and 10/2017 in the study based on Rome III criteria. All participants were randomly assigned (1:1) into verum/placebo group and given either Rheum officinale rhubarb powder or a placebo flour stick on the navel for 6 h/day/8 days. Primary outcome measures were the Cleveland Constipation Score (CCS) for the feces condition and Bristol Stool Scale (BSS) for stool consistency and 24 h defecation frequency. RESULTS The groups demonstrated no statistical differences in demographic data, clinical diagnoses and concomitant medication at baseline. In patients treated with the verum CCS was 5.61 (day 8, 95% CI 5.15-6.07) compared to 8.62 (95% CI 8.07-9.18) in placebo-treated controls (P < 0.001). The mean change of CCS at the end of treatment (day 8 versus [vs] day 0) was 6.04 in verum-treated vs 2.73 in placebo-treated controls (P < 0.001). Also 24 h defecation frequency (BSS) showed superior results (day 5: 0.84 vs 0.62, 95% CI 0.67-0.80, P < 0.001; day 6: 0.82 vs 0.60, 95% CI 0.64-0.78, P < 0.01 and day 8: 0.82 vs 0.60, 95% CI 0.64-0.78, P < 0.01) and better BSS type classification during treatment than controls (P < 0.05). No significant differences in adverse events between both groups became obvious. CONCLUSION Rhubarb navel plaster administration over an 8-day-treatment period resulted in significantly improved bowel function as demonstrated by the CCS, 24 h defecating frequency and BSS. Our results suggest that rhubarb navel plasters represent a feasible, safe and efficient application route for the treatment of patients suffering from chronic constipation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wei
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China..
| | - Yueming Luo
- The fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Xiaopei Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China..
| | - Yangchen Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China..
| | | | - Fang Tang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China..
| | - Wen-Wei Ouyang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China..
| | - Hengqiu Wei
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Shengzhen Lu
- Jiangxi Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Nanchang, China.
| | - Zhen Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
| | | | - Chong Deng
- Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Meizhen Lin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China..
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kuo IP, Lee PT, Nan FH. Rheum officinale extract promotes the innate immunity of orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) and exerts strong bactericidal activity against six aquatic pathogens. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020; 102:117-124. [PMID: 32305503 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the antimicrobial properties and the effects of Rheum officinale extract (ROE) on nonspecific immune parameters of orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) in vitro and in vivo. The in vitro analysis was conducted by treating grouper primary head kidney leukocytes with various concentrations of ROE. The phagocytic rate of the leukocytes was elevated in a dose-dependent manner from 0.01 to 0.1 mg/ml, but decreased with higher concentrations of ROE (0.5 and 1.0 mg/ml). The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was strongly enhanced in a dose-dependent manner by treatment with ROE doses of 0.1-10.0 mg/ml. However, morphological changes (e.g., rounding and shrinkage of cells, chromatin condensation, fragmentation, and appearance of apoptotic bodies) were observed in the leukocytes after incubation with higher concentrations of ROE (1.0 and 10.0 mg/ml). A 28-day feeding trial was performed to assess the impact of dietary administration of ROE on grouper innate immunity parameters. Fish were fed with feed supplemented with 0, 0.1, 1.0, or 5.0 g ROE per kg of feed. The phagocytic activity of the animals' leukocytes was significantly elevated in all ROE-fed groups on day 1 and in groups fed with ROE at 0.1 or 1.0 g/kg on day 14. Production of ROS was substantially increased on day 1 in fish fed with ROE at 1.0 and 5.0 g/kg, but decreased steadily later on. The ability to generate ROS increased steadily until day 7 in fish fed the lowest concentration of ROE (0.1 mg/ml), but decreased thereafter. ROE showed excellent antibacterial activity against six pathogens of aquatic animals: Vibrio parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus, V. alginolyticus, V. carchariae, Aeromonas hydrophila, and Edwardsiella tarda. The minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations of measured ROE-derived anthraquinones were 10.57-84.53 μg/ml and 10.57-169.05 μg/ml, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I-Pei Kuo
- Freshwater Aquaculture Research Center Chupei Station, Fisheries Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Po-Tsang Lee
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Fan-Hua Nan
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, Taiwan, ROC.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li Y, Li H, Hei X, Li Y, Li H, Gao J, Yan Y, Liu M, Zhang G. Characterization of the complete chloroplast genome of medicinal plant Rheum officinale (Polygonaceae). Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2019; 4:2144-2145. [PMID: 33365446 PMCID: PMC7687616 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2019.1623102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The complete chloroplast (cp) genome of Rheum officinale Baill. was determined based on the Illumina Sequencing data. The cp genome is 161,563 bp in length. The overall G + C content of the cp genome was 37.31%. The R. officinale cp genome contains 129 genes, including 84 protein-coding genes, eight rRNA genes (four rRNA species), and 37 tRNA genes (20 tRNA species). A neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree clarified that the cp genome of R. officinale was closely related to that of R. palmatum in Polygonaceae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Li
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi Qinling Application Development and Engineering Center of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, China
| | - Huan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi Qinling Application Development and Engineering Center of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaobin Hei
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi Qinling Application Development and Engineering Center of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, China
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, China
| | - Yuanmin Li
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi Qinling Application Development and Engineering Center of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, China
| | - Hui Li
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi Qinling Application Development and Engineering Center of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, China
| | - Jing Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi Qinling Application Development and Engineering Center of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, China
| | - Yonggang Yan
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi Qinling Application Development and Engineering Center of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, China
| | - Mengmeng Liu
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, China
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Gang Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi Qinling Application Development and Engineering Center of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wu TY, Chang FR, Liou JR, Lo IW, Chung TC, Lee LY, Chi CC, Du YC, Wong MH, Juo SHH, Lee CC, Wu YC. Rapid HPLC Quantification Approach for Detection of Active Constituents in Modern Combinatorial Formula, San-Huang-Xie-Xin-Tang (SHXXT). Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:374. [PMID: 27812335 PMCID: PMC5071620 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
San-Huang-Xie-Xin-Tang (SHXXT), one of the most important traditional Chinese medicinal formulas, is comprised by three herbal medicines, the rhizome of Rheum officinale [or Rheum tanguticum (Polygonaceae) (Dahuang in Chinese)], the root of Scutellaria baicalensis (Labiatae) (Huangqin in Chinese), and the rhizome of Coptis chinensis (Ranunculaceae) (Huanglian in Chinese) in the ratios of 2:1:1 or 1:1:1. This study is aimed to quantitate and qualify of SHXXT, by a rapid, convenient, and effective HPLC-PDA approach associated with LC-MS technique. Of which method, nine chosen major bioactive components in SHXXT, including aloe-emodin (Ale), baicalin (Ba), berberine (Be), coptisine (Co), palmatine (Pa), resveratroloside (Res), rhein (Rh), sennoside A (Se-A), and wogonin (Wo), were evaluated within 30 min. The nine chemical markers were monitored in a high sensitivity with a low detection limit of 0.01−0.55 μg/mL and the correlation coefficient of the regression curve revealed a good linearity with R2 > 0.99. Moreover, the extraction solution system and the HPLC elution conditions were also optimized in the present study. This present developed protocol was then successfully applied to quantify nine chemical markers of 10 SHXXT products from eight Taiwanese TCM pharmaceutical companies. In quantitative results, Res was found as the major compound in SHXXT-1~5 and 8 with significantly higher amounts than those in other products, indicating the products SHXXT-1~5 and 8 may use R. tanguticum as the raw material, which possessed a higher concentration of the bioactive composition Res, instead of R. officinale. Simultaneously, Ale, Rh, and Wo were < 2% in these 10 products. Different chemical profiles of commercial products indicated that, probably, each product with the same named formula might be regarded as a sole medicine and need to be investigated individually. Importantly, it is never too much to emphasize the importance of quality control in TCM development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tung-Ying Wu
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Rong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung, Taiwan; Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung, Taiwan; Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University HospitalKaohsiung, Taiwan; Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Ru Liou
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - I-Wen Lo
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tang-Chia Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yao Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chen Chi
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chi Du
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Man-Hon Wong
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Suh-Hang Hank Juo
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genetics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chen Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Chang Wu
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University HospitalTaichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung, Taiwan; School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical UniversityTaichung, Taiwan; Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, China Medicinal UniversityTaichung, Taiwan; Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University HospitalTaichung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang XM, Hou XQ, Zhang YQ, Yang R, Feng SF, Li Y, Ren Y. Genetic diversity of the endemic and medicinally important plant Rheum officinale as revealed by Inter-Simpe Sequence Repeat (ISSR) Markers. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:3900-15. [PMID: 22489188 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13033900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Revised: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheum officinale Baill., an important but endangered medicinal herb, is endemic to China. Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers were employed to investigate the genetic diversity and differentiation of 12 populations of R. officinale. Thirteen selected primers yielded 189 bright and discernible bands, with an average of 14.54 per primer. The genetic diversity was low at the population level, but pretty high at the species level (H = 0.1008, I = 0.1505, PPB = 28.95% vs. H = 0.3341, I = 0.5000, PPB = 95.24%, respectively) by POPGENE analysis. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that the genetic variation was found mainly among populations (74.38%), in line with the limited gene flow (Nm = 0.2766) among populations. Mantel test revealed a significant correlation between genetic and geographic distances (r = 0.5381, P = 0.002), indicating the role of geographic isolation in shaping the present population genetic structure. Both Bayesian analysis and UPGMA cluster analysis demonstrated the similar results. Our results imply that the conservation efforts should aim to preserve all the extant populations of this endangered species, and cultivation is proposed in this study.
Collapse
|
11
|
Lin CH, Ding HY, Kuo SY, Chin LW, Wu JY, Chang TS. Evaluation of in vitro and in vivo depigmenting activity of raspberry ketone from Rheum officinale. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:4819-35. [PMID: 21954327 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12084819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanogenesis inhibition by raspberry ketone (RK) from Rheum officinale was investigated both in vitro in cultivated murine B16 melanoma cells and in vivo in zebrafish and mice. In B16 cells, RK inhibited melanogenesis through a post-transcriptional regulation of tyrosinase gene expression, which resulted in down regulation of both cellular tyrosinase activity and the amount of tyrosinase protein, while the level of tyrosinase mRNA transcription was not affected. In zebrafish, RK also inhibited melanogenesis by reduction of tyrosinase activity. In mice, application of a 0.2% or 2% gel preparation of RK applied to mouse skin significantly increased the degree of skin whitening within one week of treatment. In contrast to the widely used flavoring properties of RK in perfumery and cosmetics, the skin-whitening potency of RK has been demonstrated in the present study. Based on our findings reported here, RK would appear to have high potential for use in the cosmetics industry.
Collapse
|