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Passoni MT, Palu G, Grechi N, da Silva Amaral BA, Gomes C, Rülker C, van Ravenzwaay B, Martino-Andrade AJ. Uterotrophic and in vitro screening for (anti)estrogenic activity of dipyrone. Toxicol Lett 2021; 352:1-8. [PMID: 34536523 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dipyrone is a commonly used analgesic in many countries and there is limited data on its possible endocrine disrupting effects. We performed a screening for in vivo and in vitro anti(estrogenic) activity of dipyrone. For the in vivo uterotrophic assay, immature female rats (22-days-old) were treated daily by oral gavage for three days with different doses of dipyrone alone (50, 100, 200 mg/kg/day) and associated with three ethynylestradiol (EE) doses (1, 3 and 10 μg/kg/day), which were based on a dose-response curve experiment. The uterine weight was used as a biomarker for estrogenicity. In a parallel in vitro approach, we used a yeast-based transcriptional activation reporter gene assay (Yeast Estrogen Screening - YES) for assessment of estrogenic agonistic and antagonistic effects of dipyrone and its main metabolites 4-methylaminoantipyrine (MAA) and 4-aminoantipyrine (AA). In the uterotrophic assay, animals that received EE at 1, 3 and 10 μg/kg/day showed an increase in relative uterine weight compared with vehicle-only rats (canola oil). Dipyrone did not increase uterine weight at any dose tested (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg/day) in relation to vehicle control, indicating absence of estrogenic activity. Furthermore, co-administration of dipyrone (50 and 200 mg/kg/day) and EE (1, 3 or 10 μg/kg/day) was unable to block EE estrogenic action in comparison to the groups treated with EE alone, indicating absence of antiestrogenic activity. In the YES assay dipyrone and its metabolites did not demonstrate estrogen agonistic or antagonistic properties in the yeast cells. These results suggest that dipyrone and its metabolites do not produce (anti)estrogenic effects in vivo or in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Tapias Passoni
- Reproductive Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Gabriele Palu
- Animal Endocrine and Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Nicole Grechi
- Reproductive Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Bruna Andreotti da Silva Amaral
- Animal Endocrine and Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Caroline Gomes
- BASF SE Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Claudia Rülker
- BASF SE Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | | | - Anderson Joel Martino-Andrade
- Reproductive Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Animal Endocrine and Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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Valsalam S, Agastian P, Arasu MV, Al-Dhabi NA, Ghilan AKM, Kaviyarasu K, Ravindran B, Chang SW, Arokiyaraj S. Rapid biosynthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles from the leaf extract of Tropaeolum majus L. and its enhanced in-vitro antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant and anticancer properties. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2019; 191:65-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Are wild and cultivated flowers served in restaurants or sold by local producers in Denmark safe for the consumer? Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 120:129-142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Moon B, Kim W, Park CH, Oh SM. Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb761) did not express estrogenic activity in an immature rat uterotrophic assay. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND TOXICOLOGY 2018; 33:e2018016-0. [PMID: 30286592 PMCID: PMC6182247 DOI: 10.5620/eht.e2018016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ginkgo biloba is a dioecious tree that has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for about 5,000 years. In previous studies on ginkgo biloba extract (EGb761) using in vitro systems, we confirmed that EGb761 has biphasic effects on estrogenicity. In this study, we evaluated the agonistic and antagonistic activities of EGb761 using a uterotrophic assay in immature female rats. To evaluate agonistic and antagonistic effects of EGb761 on uterus, 21-day-old immature Sprague-Dawley (SD) female rats were treated with EGb761 (100, 200, or 400 mg/kg) by oral gavage, 10 μg/kg of estradiol (E2) or 1 mg/kg tamoxifen (TM) by subcutaneous injection, or with EGb761 plus E2 or TM for 3 consecutive days. At the end of the treatment period, animals were sacrificed and their body weights and organ weights (liver, lung, spleen and kidney) were measured. In addition, estrogen-related gene expressions (IGFBP-1 in liver and CaBP-9 in uterus) were determined. During the experiment, no animal showed clinical signs, a change in body weight or died. EGb761 treatment alone had no effect on absolute/relative uterine weight, luminal epithelial cell height (LECH, μm), or luminal circumference (LC, μm). In addition, uterine weights, LECHs, and LC induced by E2 or TM were not significantly changed by EGb761 at any dose. These results collectively suggested EGb761 has no agonistic/antagonistic effects in utero.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeonghak Moon
- Department of Nanofusion Technology, Hoseo University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonchan Kim
- Department of Nanofusion Technology, Hoseo University, Asan, Republic of Korea
- AB solution, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Cho Hee Park
- Department of Nanofusion Technology, Hoseo University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Min Oh
- Department of Nanofusion Technology, Hoseo University, Asan, Republic of Korea
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Khorsandi L, Oroojan AA. Toxic effect of Tropaeolum majus L. leaves on spermatogenesis in mice. JBRA Assist Reprod 2018; 22:174-179. [PMID: 29949321 PMCID: PMC6106639 DOI: 10.5935/1518-0557.20180035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the hydroethanolic extract toxicity, obtained from Tropaeolum majus L. (TM) on mouse testicular tissue. METHOD In this experimental study, we used 32 male NMRI mice. The experimental groups received 75, 375 and 750 mg/kg of TM extract, respectively. Twenty-four hours after the last experimental day, serum samples were collected for hormonal measurement. Then, the cauda of epididymis and testis were removed for sperm count and histopathological assessments. RESULTS Testosterone serum and testicular levels decreased in 750 mg/kg in the treated group when compared to the control animals (1.65±0.25; p=0.041 and 98.83±8.67; p=0.034 respectively). Histopathological criteria such as epithelial vacuolization (9.3±1.1; p=0.034), sloughing (4.3±0.4; p=0.027) and detachment (12.2±0.9; p=0.031) of germ cells were significantly increased in 750 mg/kg in the treated mice. In addition, there were no significant changes in histopathological criteria; sperm head numbers, Johnsen's scoring, and morphometry assessments were carried out in the 75 and 375 mg/kg treated mice. At the dose of 750 mg/kg, the seminiferous tubule diameter (193.2±4.6; p=0.019), seminiferous epithelium height (139.2±5.1; p=0.023), and maturation arrest were significantly decreased in this group. CONCLUSION In conclusion, TM extract has toxic effects on the mouse testicular tissue in high doses. Hence, we recommend caution concerning its consumption by patients with reproductive problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layasadat Khorsandi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Cellular and
Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz,
Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Oroojan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Student Research
Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Araújo VDO, Andreotti CEL, Reis MDP, de Lima DA, Pauli KB, Nunes BC, Gomes C, Germano RDM, Cardozo Junior EL, Gasparotto Junior A, Lourenço ELB. 90-Day Oral Toxicity Assessment of Tropaeolum majus L. in Rodents and Lagomorphs. J Med Food 2018; 21:823-831. [PMID: 29565700 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2017.0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropaeolum majus L., popularly known as nasturtium, is a species widely used in the form of infusions and salads. In the last years, the antihypertensive, diuretic, and calcium and potassium sparing activities of T. majus preparations were shown. Moreover, no preclinical 90-day oral toxicity studies were conducted. Thus, this study evaluated the toxicity of the hydroethanolic extract obtained from T. majus (HETM) leaves in female and male mice, rats, and rabbits. Swiss mice and Wistar rats were treated with HETM (75, 375, and 750 mg/kg). The doses of rabbits (30, 150, and 300 mg/kg) were calculated by allometric extrapolation. The control groups received vehicle. The animals were orally treated, daily, for 90 days. At the end, the animals were anesthetized, and body weight gain, relative weight of liver, kidney, and spleen, and histopathological changes were evaluated. Serum hematological and biochemical parameters were also analyzed. No alterations were found in body and organ weights or in histopathological and biochemical evaluation. Hematological analyses revealed small changes in lymphocytes and neutrophil counts in rats after administration of 750 mg/kg of HETM. These results showed that 90-day use of T. majus is safe in rodents and lagomorphs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michelle de Paula Reis
- 1 Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Paranaense University , Umuarama, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Daniely Alves de Lima
- 1 Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Paranaense University , Umuarama, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Karoline Bach Pauli
- 1 Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Paranaense University , Umuarama, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Bruna Caroline Nunes
- 1 Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Paranaense University , Umuarama, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Caroline Gomes
- 2 Laboratory of Reproductive Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná , Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | - Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- 4 Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados , Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
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Botelho Lourenço EL, Lima Ribeiro RDC, Araújo VDO, Martino-Andrade AJ, Dalsenter PR, Gasparotto A. Fetopathies associated with exposure to angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor from Tropaeolum majus L. Drug Chem Toxicol 2016; 40:281-285. [PMID: 27482986 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2016.1212366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of the use of herbal medicines is on the rise across the world, especially amongst pregnant women. A fact that draws attention is that many species commonly used by pregnant women, including the Tropaeolum majus L. (Tropaeolaceae), also present inhibitory activity on the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). Herein, we have investigated the effects of T. majus extract (HETM) on fetal development, evaluating its relationship with possible ACE inhibitory activity. Pregnant Wistar rats were treated with different HETM doses (3, 30 and 300 mg/kg/day) from gestational days 8-20. Rats were sacrificed on the day 20 of pregnancy and the following parameters were evaluated: clinical symptoms of maternal toxicity; maternal body weight; feed and water intake; maternal liver, kidney, and ovary weights, maternal ACE activity and aldosterone levels, live fetuses mean; dead fetuses percentage, fetus weight, and fetal malformation. All pregnant rats treated with high HETM doses showed significant reduction in plasma ACE activity accompanied by a decrease in serum aldosterone levels. Moreover, significant changes in fetal development were observed, including growth retardation and renal damage after 20 days of gestation. Thus, data presented demonstrate the significant effects of the use of HETM on fetal development during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rita de Cassia Lima Ribeiro
- a Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Natural Products , Universidade Paranaense , Umuarama , PR , Brazil
| | - Valdinei de Oliveira Araújo
- a Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Natural Products , Universidade Paranaense , Umuarama , PR , Brazil
| | | | | | - Arquimedes Gasparotto
- c Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology , Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados , Dourados , MS , Brasil
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Prolonged Diuretic Activity and Calcium-Sparing Effect of Tropaeolum majus: Evidence in the Prevention of Osteoporosis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:958291. [PMID: 25028592 PMCID: PMC4083603 DOI: 10.1155/2014/958291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Although several studies indicate high effectiveness in the use of the hydroethanolic extract from Tropaeolum majus (HETM) as a diuretic, the impact of its prolonged use in the presence of low estrogen levels remains unclear. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the diuretic effects of prolonged administration of HETM in ovariectomized rats and their interrelationship between calcium excretion and bone turnover. Forty-two female Wistar rats were ovariectomized (OVX) and treated orally with different doses of HETM (3, 30, and 300 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. On the first day of treatment and at weekly intervals for four weeks the diuretic activity was evaluated. Electrolyte concentrations and creatinine levels were estimated from urine sample of each rat. The serum lipids, urea, creatinine, and osteocalcin were also measured at the end of the experiment. The data revealed that the HETM was able to sustain its diuretic effect after prolonged treatment. Moreover, its use has not affected the urinary calcium or potassium excretion, reduces lipid levels, and maintains osteocalcin levels similarly to untreated rats. These findings support the potential of HETM as a candidate to be used in clinical conditions in which the renal loss of calcium is not desired.
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Effects of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Derived from Tropaeolum majus L. in Rat Preimplantation Embryos: Evidence for the Dehydroepiandrosterone and Estradiol Role. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:209207. [PMID: 24778700 PMCID: PMC3979065 DOI: 10.1155/2014/209207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Although several studies have shown the inhibitory effects of Tropaeolum majus extracts (HETM) on angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity, no studies have been carried out during the beginning of pregnancy, when humoral and hormonal imbalance may affect zygote and early embryo transport. This study investigates whether HETM can affect embryonic development when administered during the one-cell-blastocyst period. Pregnant Wistar rats received orally the HETM (3, 30, and 300 mg/kg/day) from the 1st to the 7th gestational day. Rats were killed on the 8th day of pregnancy and the following parameters were evaluated: clinical symptoms of toxicity (including organ weights), number of corpora lutea, implants per group, preimplantation losses ratio, and the serum levels of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), estradiol, and progesterone. No clinical symptoms of maternal toxicity were evidenced. On the 8th day of pregnancy, the levels of DHEA and estradiol were increased and significant preimplantation losses were observed at all doses used. The present study reveals that the HETM can raise levels of DHEA and estradiol and induce difficulty in the embryo implantation in the early stages of pregnancy. The data contributes significantly to the safety aspects of using this natural product when trying to get pregnant or during pregnancy.
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Pitzschke A. Tropaeolum tops tobacco - simple and efficient transgene expression in the order Brassicales. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73355. [PMID: 24039923 PMCID: PMC3769268 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient expression systems are valuable tools in molecular biology. Agrobacterial infiltration of leaves is well-established in tobacco, but has led to limited success in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. An efficient expression system combining the advantages of Arabidopsis (well-characterised) and the simplicity of leaf infiltration is desirable. Here, I describe Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of Tropaeolummajus (nasturtium, order Brassicales) as a remarkably simple, cheap and highly efficient transient expression system. It provides the Arabidopsis community with a tool to study subcellular localisation, protein-protein interactions and reporter gene activities (e.g. luciferase, β-glucuronidase) in a genetic background that is closely related to their primary model organism. Unlike Arabidopsis, Tropaeolum is capable of engaging in endomycorrhizal associations and is therefore relevant also to symbiosis research. RNAi-based approaches are more likely to succeed than in the distantly-related Nicotiana transformation system. Tropaeolummajus was voted the "medicinal plant of the year 2013". Conquering this plant for genetic manipulations harbours potential for biotechnological and pharmacological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pitzschke
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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