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Cheng XL, Ruan YL, Dai JY, Fan HZ, Ling JY, Chen J, Lu WG, Gao XJ, Cao P. 8-shogaol derived from dietary ginger alleviated acute and inflammatory pain by targeting TRPV1. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 128:155500. [PMID: 38484627 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Ginger, a well-known spice plant, has been used widely in medicinal preparations for pain relief. However, little is known about its analgesic components and the underlying mechanism. Here, we ascertained, the efficacy of ginger ingredient 8-Shogaol (8S), on inflammatory pain and tolerance induced by morphine, and probed the role of TRPV1 in its analgesic action using genetic and electrophysiology approaches. Results showed that 8S effectively reduced nociceptive behaviors of mice elicited by chemical stimuli, noxious heat as well as inflammation, and antagonized morphine analgesic tolerance independent on opioid receptor function. Genetic deletion of TRPV1 significantly abolished 8S' analgesia action. Further calcium imaging and patch-clamp recording showed that 8S could specifically activate TRPV1 in TRPV1-expressing HEK293T cells and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. The increase of [Ca2+]i in DRG was primarily mediated through TRPV1. Mutational and computation studies revealed the key binding sites for the interactions between 8S and TRPV1 included Leu515, Leu670, Ile573, Phe587, Tyr511, and Phe591. Further studies showed that TRPV1 activation evoked by 8S resulted in channel desensitization both in vitro and in vivo, as may be attributed to TRPV1 degradation or TRPV1 withdrawal from the cell surface. Collectively, this work provides the first evidence for the attractive analgesia of 8S in inflammatory pain and morphine analgesic tolerance mediated by targeting pain-sensing TRPV1 channel. 8S from dietary ginger has potential as a candidate drug for the treatment of inflammatory pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lan Cheng
- Jiangsu Provincial Medical Innovation Center, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 100 Hongshan Road, Nanjing 210028, China; School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yong-Lan Ruan
- Department of Neurology, Changzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Jing-Ya Dai
- Jiangsu Provincial Medical Innovation Center, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 100 Hongshan Road, Nanjing 210028, China; Wanbei Health Vocational College, Suzhou, Anhui, 234000, China
| | - Hai-Zhen Fan
- Jiangsu Provincial Medical Innovation Center, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 100 Hongshan Road, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Jin-Ying Ling
- Jiangsu Provincial Medical Innovation Center, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 100 Hongshan Road, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Jiao Chen
- Jiangsu Provincial Medical Innovation Center, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 100 Hongshan Road, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Wu-Guang Lu
- Jiangsu Provincial Medical Innovation Center, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 100 Hongshan Road, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Xue-Jiao Gao
- Jiangsu Provincial Medical Innovation Center, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 100 Hongshan Road, Nanjing 210028, China.
| | - Peng Cao
- Jiangsu Provincial Medical Innovation Center, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 100 Hongshan Road, Nanjing 210028, China; The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, 100 Minjiang Road, Quzhou, Zhejiang 324000, China.
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Molavinia S, Nikravesh M, Pashmforoosh M, Vardanjani HR, Khodayar MJ. Zingerone Alleviates Morphine Tolerance and Dependence in Mice by Reducing Oxidative Stress-Mediated NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:415-426. [PMID: 37864024 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-04043-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Morphine (MPH) is widely used for pain management; however, long-term MPH therapy results in antinociceptive tolerance and physical dependence, limiting its clinical use. Zingerone (ZIN) is a natural phenolic compound with neuroprotective effects. We investigated the effects of single and repeated doses of ZIN on MPH-induced tolerance, dependence, and underlying biochemical mechanisms. After a dose-response experiment, tolerance was developed to MPH (10 mg/kg, i.p.) for seven days. In the single-dose study, ZIN was administered on day seven. In the repeated-dose study, ZIN was administered for seven days. Naloxone (5 mg/kg, i.p., 120 min after MPH) was injected to assess withdrawal signs on day seven. The levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), nitric oxide (NO), total thiol (TT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were measured in the prefrontal cortex. The protein levels of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and NLRP3-ASC-Caspase-1 axis were assessed by ELISA and Western blotting, respectively. Results showed that ZIN (100 mg/kg) had no antinociceptive activity, and subsequent experiments were performed at this dose. Repeated ZIN reversed MPH antinociceptive tolerance, whereas single ZIN did not. Single and repeated ZIN attenuated naloxone-induced jumping. In addition, repeated ZIN significantly inhibited weight loss. Repeated ZIN suppressed the MPH-induced increase in TBARS, NO, IL-1β, NLRP3, ASC, and Caspase-1. It also inhibited MPH-induced TT and GPx reduction. In contrast, single ZIN had no effect. Findings suggest that ZIN reduces MPH-induced tolerance and dependence by suppressing oxidative stress and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. This study provides a novel therapeutic approach to reduce the side effects of MPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrzad Molavinia
- Medicinal Plant Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mehrad Nikravesh
- Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Rajabi Vardanjani
- Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Khodayar
- Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Sharma R, Sharma R, Banerjee S, Prajapati PK. Kamini Vidrawan Ras inducing opioid dependence? - understanding the facts. Drug Metab Pers Ther 2023; 38:367-368. [PMID: 37533190 DOI: 10.1515/dmpt-2023-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, BHU, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ruchi Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, BHU, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Subhadip Banerjee
- Medicinal Plant Innovation Centre, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
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Fu X, Zhang Y. Research progress of p38 as a new therapeutic target against morphine tolerance and the current status of therapy of morphine tolerance. J Drug Target 2023; 31:152-165. [PMID: 36264036 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2022.2138895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
With the development of the medical industry, new painkillers continue to appear in people's field of vision, but so far no painkiller can replace morphine. While morphine has a strong analgesic effect, it is also easy to produce pain sensitivity and tolerance. Due to the great inter-individual differences in patient responses, there are few clear instructions on how to optimise morphine administration regimens, which complicates clinicians' treatment strategies and limits the effectiveness of morphine in long-term pain therapy. P38MAPK is a key member of the MAPK family. Across recent years, it has been discovered that p38MAPK rises dramatically in a wide range of morphine tolerance animal models. Morphine tolerance can be reduced or reversed by inhibiting p38MAPK. However, the role and specific mechanism of p38MAPK are not clear. In this review, we synthesise the relevant findings, highlight the function and potential mechanism of p38MAPK in morphine tolerance, as well as the present status and efficacy of morphine tolerance therapy, and underline the future promise of p38MAPK targeted morphine tolerance treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Fu
- Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yanhong Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, People's Hospital Affiliated to Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
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The Effect of Ginger and Its Sub-Components on Pain. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11172296. [PMID: 36079679 PMCID: PMC9460519 DOI: 10.3390/plants11172296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Zingiber officinale Roscoe (ginger) has long been used as an herbal medicine to treat various diseases, and its main sub-components, [6]-gingerol and [6]-shogaol, were also reported to have anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-tumor effects. However, their effects on various types of pain and their underlying mechanisms of action have not been clearly analyzed and understood yet. Thus, in this review, by analyzing 16 studies that used Z. officinale, [6]-gingerol, and [6]-shogaol on mechanical, spontaneous and thermal pain, their effects and mechanisms of action have been analyzed. Pain was induced by either nerve injury or chemical injections in rodents. Nine studies analyzed the analgesic effect of Z. officinale, and four and three studies focused on [6]-gingerol and [6]-shogaol, respectively. Seven papers have demonstrated the underlying mechanism of action of their analgesic effects. Studies have focused on the spinal cord and one on the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Involvement and change in the function of serotonergic receptors (5-HT1A, B, D, and 5A), transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (pERK1/2), histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1), voltage-gated sodium channel 1.8 (Nav1.8), substance P (SP), and sciatic nerve’s morphology have been observed.
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Nazeri-Rezaabad M, Jamalpoor Z, Alemrajabi MS, Nozari M, Razavinasab M, Nezhadi A. Chronic Exposure to Morphine Leads to a Reduced Affective Pain Response in the Presence of Hyperalgesia in an Animal Model of Empathy. ADDICTION & HEALTH 2021; 12:251-258. [PMID: 33623644 PMCID: PMC7878003 DOI: 10.22122/ahj.v12i4.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Background Empathy is the capability to represent the mental and emotional states of other subjects. Previous studies have demonstrated a possible correlation between morphine addiction and altered empathy response in morphine-addicted subjects. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of chronic morphine exposure as an animal model of morphine addiction on empathic changes in affective and sensory pain. Methods Adult male Wistar rats (3 months old) were used for the current study. Animals were grouped in cages of two (n = 8 for each group) and one animal was selected as the pain observer group. Pain observer animals received either saline or morphine (10 mg/kg, twice daily for 8 days). At ninth day, formalin [50 µg, 5%, subcutaneous (SC)] was injected into the hindpaw of the cagemate and placed inside the cage. Elevated plus maze (EPM) and open field test (OFT) were recruited to evaluate anxiety; hot plate and tail flick tests were used to assay sensory pain. Conditioned place aversion (CPA) was also measured as indicator of affective pain component. Findings Chronic morphine exposure led to a reduced level of anxiety in EPM and OFT assays. An opioid-induced hyperalgesia was observed in the sensory pain assays, while there was a reduced affective pain in the CPA paradigm in morphine-treated animals. Conclusion It might be plausible that chronic morphine exposure might alter empathy for pain through affective and not sensory pain pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zahra Jamalpoor
- Trauma Research Center, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Masoomeh Nozari
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine AND Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Moazamehosadat Razavinasab
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine AND Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Akram Nezhadi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Alifarsangi A, Esmaeili-Mahani S, Sheibani V, Abbasnejad M. The citrus flavanone naringenin prevents the development of morphine analgesic tolerance and conditioned place preference in male rats. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2021; 47:43-51. [PMID: 33006902 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2020.1813296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Opioids are effective analgesics in the management of chronic pain. However, their clinical use is hindered by adverse side effects such as addiction and analgesic tolerance. Naringenin is a common polyphenolic constituent of the citrus fruits and is one of the most commonly consumed flavonoids within our regular diet. However, its influences on opioid tolerance and addiction have not yet been clarified. OBJECTIVES To examine the effect of different doses of naringenin on analgesic tolerance, conditioned place preference and neuroinflammation in morphine-exposed rats. METHODS Analgesic tolerance was induced by the injection of 10 mg/kg morphine twice daily for 8 days in 70 male Wistar rats. To evaluate the effect of naringenin on the development of morphine tolerance, different doses (10, 25 and 50 mg/kg i.p.) were injected 15 min before morphine. The tail-flick test was used to assess nociceptive threshold. Conditioned place preference test was used to evaluate morphine-seeking behaviors. The lumbar spinal cord was assayed to determine glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) levels by Western blotting. RESULTS The data showed that naringenin could significantly prevent morphine tolerance (p < .001) and conditioned place preference. In addition, chronic morphine-induced GFAP and COX-2 overexpression was significantly reversed by 50 mg/kg naringenin (p < .05 and p < .01, respectively). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that naringenin may have a potential anti-tolerant/anti-addiction property against chronic morphine misuse and that this preventive effect is associated with its anti-neuroinflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atena Alifarsangi
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Kerman Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Saeed Esmaeili-Mahani
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Kerman Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Vahid Sheibani
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Kerman Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mehdi Abbasnejad
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Kerman Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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8
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Konrath EL, Arbo MD, Arbo BD, Hort MA, Elisabetsky E, Leal MB. Plants with Anti-Addictive Potential. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1308:185-215. [PMID: 33861445 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-64872-5_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Drug addiction is prevalent among individuals of modern society, being a major cause of disability and premature loss of life. Although the drug addiction have profound social, economical and health impact in the world population, its management remains a challenge as available pharmacological treatments remains ineffective for most people. The limited efficacy and adverse effects have led to a search for alternative therapies to treat drug addiction. In this context, natural products are an important source for new chemical substances with a potential therapeutic applicability. Therefore, this chapter will present data obtained after an extensive literature search regarding the use of medicinal plants as a pharmacological alternative for drug addiction treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Luis Konrath
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Dutra Arbo
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Bruno Dutra Arbo
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mariana Appel Hort
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Elaine Elisabetsky
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mirna Bainy Leal
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Silveira D, Prieto-Garcia JM, Boylan F, Estrada O, Fonseca-Bazzo YM, Jamal CM, Magalhães PO, Pereira EO, Tomczyk M, Heinrich M. COVID-19: Is There Evidence for the Use of Herbal Medicines as Adjuvant Symptomatic Therapy? Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:581840. [PMID: 33071794 PMCID: PMC7542597 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.581840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current recommendations for the self-management of SARS-Cov-2 disease (COVID-19) include self-isolation, rest, hydration, and the use of NSAID in case of high fever only. It is expected that many patients will add other symptomatic/adjuvant treatments, such as herbal medicines. AIMS To provide a benefits/risks assessment of selected herbal medicines traditionally indicated for "respiratory diseases" within the current frame of the COVID-19 pandemic as an adjuvant treatment. METHOD The plant selection was primarily based on species listed by the WHO and EMA, but some other herbal remedies were considered due to their widespread use in respiratory conditions. Preclinical and clinical data on their efficacy and safety were collected from authoritative sources. The target population were adults with early and mild flu symptoms without underlying conditions. These were evaluated according to a modified PrOACT-URL method with paracetamol, ibuprofen, and codeine as reference drugs. The benefits/risks balance of the treatments was classified as positive, promising, negative, and unknown. RESULTS A total of 39 herbal medicines were identified as very likely to appeal to the COVID-19 patient. According to our method, the benefits/risks assessment of the herbal medicines was found to be positive in 5 cases (Althaea officinalis, Commiphora molmol, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Hedera helix, and Sambucus nigra), promising in 12 cases (Allium sativum, Andrographis paniculata, Echinacea angustifolia, Echinacea purpurea, Eucalyptus globulus essential oil, Justicia pectoralis, Magnolia officinalis, Mikania glomerata, Pelargonium sidoides, Pimpinella anisum, Salix sp, Zingiber officinale), and unknown for the rest. On the same grounds, only ibuprofen resulted promising, but we could not find compelling evidence to endorse the use of paracetamol and/or codeine. CONCLUSIONS Our work suggests that several herbal medicines have safety margins superior to those of reference drugs and enough levels of evidence to start a clinical discussion about their potential use as adjuvants in the treatment of early/mild common flu in otherwise healthy adults within the context of COVID-19. While these herbal medicines will not cure or prevent the flu, they may both improve general patient well-being and offer them an opportunity to personalize the therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dâmaris Silveira
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Jose Maria Prieto-Garcia
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Fabio Boylan
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Omar Estrada
- Biophysics and Biochemistry Center, Venezuelan Institute of Scientific Research, Caracas, Venezuela
| | | | | | | | - Edson Oliveira Pereira
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Michal Tomczyk
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Michael Heinrich
- Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, School of Pharmacy, University College of London, London, United Kingdom
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Ebrahimi B, Esmaeili-Mahani S. The Effects of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Satureja khuzestanica on Naloxone-Induced Morphine Withdrawal Symptoms in Wistar Rats. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BASIC SCIENCE IN MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.34172/ijbsm.2020.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The inflammatory system, oxidative stress, and cholinergic pathways are some important factors in long-term opioid dependence withdrawal. The adverse effects of some adjunctive medications on withdrawal symptoms treatment limit their clinical efficiency and finding compounds with inhibitory effects on opioid dependence can be helpful. The antioxidant, antinociceptive, and anti-inflammatory properties of Satureja khuzestanica extract (SKE) have been noted. Additionally, it could reduce morphine analgesic tolerance. Given that no study has assessed the effect of SKE on morphine-induced withdrawal symptoms, we have tried to investigate it in this study. Methods: Male Wistar rats were used in this study. The rats were treated with morphine for 7 days. The control group received saline, and intervention groups received SKE intragastrically by gavage (100 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, and 25 mg/kg) 15 minutes before morphine injections. Five hours after the last injection, naloxone was used and withdrawal symptoms were assessed for one hour. SPSS software version 16.0 was used for statistical analysis, and P≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: SKE diminished weight loss and jumping (P≤0.001). It decreased grooming behaviors and cramps (P≤0.01). SKE was found to decrease morphine withdrawal symptoms and 100 mg/kg was the most effective dose. Additionally, different doses of SKE were able to eliminate ptosis, diarrhea, and teeth chattering in animals; however, different doses had different effects on withdrawal symptoms. Conclusion: Naloxone significantly increased the frequency of jumping, cramps, weight loss, grooming, and induced ptosis, diarrhea, and teeth chattering. Treatment with SKE can significantly reduce morphine withdrawal symptoms. This can be done through its ability to decrease inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Ebrahimi
- Shiraz Geriatric Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Saeed Esmaeili-Mahani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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11
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Montserrat-de la Paz S, Garcia-Gimenez MD, Quilez AM, De la Puerta R, Fernandez-Arche A. Ginger rhizome enhances the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects of paracetamol in an experimental mouse model of fibromyalgia. Inflammopharmacology 2018; 26:1093-1101. [PMID: 29423878 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-018-0450-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dried rhizome of ginger has been widely used for more than 2500 years in folk medicine for the treatment of various diseases that involve inflammation or are caused by oxidative stress. AIMS This study was designed to compare the anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effect of dried powdered ginger rhizome (GR) and paracetamol (APAP) on an experimental mouse model of fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) induced by intermittent cold stress (ICS). METHODS Forty-eight female C57BL/6 J mice were used for the experiments. The animals were allocated in six groups (n = 8). Each group received one of the following treatments for 8 weeks: healthy control, ICS group, ICS + APAP (40 mg/Kg/day), ICS + GR (0.5%); ICS + GR (1%), and ICS + GR (0.5%) + APAP (40 mg/Kg/day). After treatment, symptoms of FMS were induced by intermittent cold stress (ICS). RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS GR consumption improved mechanical and thermal allodynia and mechanical hyperalgesia and improved behavioural changes related to cognitive disturbances, anxiety, and depression. In addition, GR also significantly decreased the inflammatory response of proinflammatory mediators such as NO, PGE2, TXB2, and IL-1β in LPS-stimulated macrophages. The effects of APAP were significantly enhanced by co-administration with GR. These findings provide evidence that the daily consumption of GR enhances the anti-nociceptive effect of APAP in mice, improves other cognitive disturbances associated with chronic pain, and reduces the inflammatory state generated in an experimental FMS model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Montserrat-de la Paz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Dr. Fedriani 3, 41071, Seville, Spain.
| | - Maria Dolores Garcia-Gimenez
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Profesor Garcia Gonzalez 2, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Ana Maria Quilez
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Profesor Garcia Gonzalez 2, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Rocio De la Puerta
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Profesor Garcia Gonzalez 2, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Angeles Fernandez-Arche
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Profesor Garcia Gonzalez 2, 41012, Seville, Spain
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12
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Abolhasanzadeh Z, Ashrafi H, Badr P, Azadi A. Traditional neurotherapeutics approach intended for direct nose to brain delivery. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 209:116-123. [PMID: 28733193 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Nasal delivery systems have a significant role in Persian traditional medicine. Most of them were utilized for central nervous system (CNS)-related disorders. In modern medicine, nasal drug delivery systems for brain delivery are highly regarded. AIM OF THE STUDY Despite recent advances in drug delivery to the (CNS), delivery of therapeutics to the brain remains a major challenge because of the blood brain barrier (BBB). There are several mechanisms which regulate the drug transfer across the BBB. Local administration methods of therapeutic agents are often associated with adverse events, while the intranasal pathway has been suggested as a non-invasive alternative route to deliver drugs to the brain. This route can bypass the BBB and deliver drug molecules directly to the CNS. There are different nasal formulations have been addressed in Persian traditional pharmacopeias. The present review attempt to explore the famous and practical Qarabadin to find ancient nasal dosage forms. MATERIALS AND METHODS With an explore on traditional herbs in google scholar, scopus and science direct, we have found some original and review articles which have demonstrated our findings on the use of traditional herbs for CNS disorders. Four encyclopedia of multi-component formulations, including Qarabadin Salehi (1766), Qarabadin kabir (1781),Qarabadin Ghaderi (18th century), and Qarabadin Azam (1853), were searched for nasal formulations having CNS-related indications. Formulations were categorized based on dosage forms, and also, diseases which they were suggested for. While the names of illnesses were in ancient terminology of Traditional Medicine, they were translated to modern medical terminology by comparing their definitions, signs, and symptoms from two medical systems. Typical samples of each dosage form have been mentioned with details like amount of ingredients, scientific names of plants, and considerations pertaining to preparation or usage. RESULTS Among all traditional nasal formulations, seven types were found that is used for sicknesses relating to CNS including Saoot, Nafookh, Atoos, Nashoogh, Shamoom, Lakhlakheh, and Bakhoor. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study reveal the physicochemical characteristics of each formulation, route of administration, and type of disease which they are suitable and also present some famous formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Abolhasanzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hajar Ashrafi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Parmis Badr
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Phytopharmaceutical Technology and Traditional Medicine Incubator, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Azadi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Yayeh T, Yun K, Jang S, Oh S. Morphine dependence is attenuated by red ginseng extract and ginsenosides Rh2, Rg3, and compound K. J Ginseng Res 2016; 40:445-452. [PMID: 27746699 PMCID: PMC5052441 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Red ginseng and ginsenosides have shown plethoric effects against various ailments. However, little is known regarding the effect of red ginseng on morphine-induced dependence and tolerance. We therefore investigated the effect of red ginseng extract (RGE) and biotransformed ginsenosides Rh2, Rg3, and compound K on morphine-induced dependence in mice and rats. METHODS While mice were pretreated with RGE and then morphine was injected intraperitoneally, rats were infused with ginsenosides and morphine intracranially for 7 days. Naloxone-induced morphine withdrawal syndrome was estimated and conditioned place preference test was performed for physical and psychological dependence, respectively. Western blotting was used to measure protein expressions. RESULTS Whereas RGE inhibited the number of naloxone-precipitated jumps and reduced conditioned place preference score, it restored the level of glutathione in mice. Likewise, ginsenosides Rh2, Rg3, and compound K attenuated morphine-dependent behavioral patterns such as teeth chattering, grooming, wet-dog shake, and escape behavior in rats. Moreover, activated N-methyl-D-aspartate acid receptor subunit 1 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase in the frontal cortex of rats, and cultured cortical neurons from mice were downregulated by ginsenosides Rh2, Rg3, and compound K despite their differential effects. CONCLUSION RGE and biotransformed ginsenosides could be considered as potential therapeutic agents against morphine-induced dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Seikwan Oh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
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Fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitor URB597 prevented tolerance and cognitive deficits induced by chronic morphine administration in rats. Behav Pharmacol 2016; 27:37-43. [PMID: 26274041 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitors of the endocannabinoid metabolic enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase exert therapeutic effects, but might also be associated with some of the adverse effects of cannabis. However, at least one fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitor, URB597, has beneficial effects without signs of abuse or dependence. Although previous investigations have evaluated URB597-morphine interactions, the effects of URB597 on morphine tolerance and cognition deficits have not been studied previously. Rats were rendered tolerant to or dependent on morphine by an injection of morphine (10 mg/kg, subcutaneous) twice daily, respectively, for 7 or 10 days. URB597 (1 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) was administered before morphine. The tail-flick and passive avoidance learning tests were used to evaluate tolerance and cognition. Chronic morphine injection led to significant tolerance to the antinociceptive effect on days 5 and 7. URB597 completely prevented the development of morphine tolerance. URB597 also enhanced memory acquisition in the passive avoidance learning test, and although morphine impaired memory, URB597 alleviated this effect. These data show that URB597 protects against tolerance and memory deficits in chronic usage of morphine and suggests URB597 as a promising candidate for the treatment of adverse effects of opioids.
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Wilson PB. Ginger (Zingiber officinale) as an Analgesic and Ergogenic Aid in Sport: A Systemic Review. J Strength Cond Res 2015; 29:2980-95. [PMID: 26200194 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ginger is a popular spice used to treat a variety of maladies, including pain. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are frequently used by athletes to manage and prevent pain; unfortunately, NSAIDs contribute to substantial adverse effects, including gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction, exercise-induced bronchoconstriction, hyponatremia, impairment of connective tissue remodeling, endurance competition withdrawal, and cardiovascular disease. Ginger, however, may act as a promoter of GI integrity and as a bronchodilator. Given these potentially positive effects of ginger, a systematic review of randomized trials was performed to assess the evidence for ginger as an analgesic and ergogenic aid for exercise training and sport. Among 7 studies examining ginger as an analgesic, the evidence indicates that roughly 2 g·d(-1) of ginger may modestly reduce muscle pain stemming from eccentric resistance exercise and prolonged running, particularly if taken for a minimum of 5 days. Among 9 studies examining ginger as an ergogenic aid, no discernable effects on body composition, metabolic rate, oxygen consumption, isometric force generation, or perceived exertion were observed. Limited data suggest that ginger may accelerate recovery of maximal strength after eccentric resistance exercise and reduce the inflammatory response to cardiorespiratory exercise. Major limitations to the research include the use of untrained individuals, insufficient reporting on adverse events, and no direct comparisons with NSAID ingestion. While ginger taken over 1-2 weeks may reduce pain from eccentric resistance exercise and prolonged running, more research is needed to evaluate its safety and efficacy as an analgesic for a wide range of athletic endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick B Wilson
- Nebraska Athletic Performance Laboratory, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
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Reversible Inactivation of the Dorsal Raphe Nucleus Increases Morphine-Induced Antinociception in Tolerated but Not in Nontolerated Rats. NEUROPHYSIOLOGY+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11062-015-9522-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Hasanein P, Teimuri Far M, Emamjomeh A. Salvia officinalis L. attenuates morphine analgesic tolerance and dependence in rats: possible analgesic and sedative mechanisms. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2015; 41:405-13. [DOI: 10.3109/00952990.2015.1062893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Abbasali Emamjomeh
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
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Gómez-Betancur I, Benjumea D. Traditional use of the genus Renealmia and Renealmia alpinia (Rottb.) Maas (Zingiberaceae)-a review in the treatment of snakebites. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2014; 7S1:S574-82. [DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(14)60292-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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An-jun-ning, a traditional herbal formula, attenuates spontaneous withdrawal symptoms via modulation of the dopamine system in morphine-dependent rats. Altern Ther Health Med 2014; 14:308. [PMID: 25134609 PMCID: PMC4147170 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background The dopamine system, which is involved in drug dependence, can be damaged by opioid abuse. However, current clinical medicines cannot reverse these damages in the brain, which are believed to be a key reason for the high relapse rate after abstinence treatment. This study aimed to investigate the effects of An-jun-ning (AJN), a commercial traditional Chinese medicine formula used for the treatment of opioid addiction, on the dopamine system in morphine-dependent rats and to explore the possible mechanism underlying its therapeutic effects. Methods The morphine dependence model was obtained through injections of morphine at increasing doses for 8 days. The AJN pre-treatment group was administered AJN 30 min before each morphine administration, and the AJN post-treatment groups were treated with AJN for 10 days after withdrawal. Spontaneous withdrawal symptoms (wet dog shakes, and episodes of writhing) were observed after withdrawal. Autoradiography study and/or immunohistochemical staining were used to examine the levels of dopamine transporter (DAT), dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). Results (1) Pre-treatment with AJN attenuates wet dog shakes and episodes of writhing to approximately 50% or less of those observed in the morphine group (p < 0.01). (2) AJN post-treatment dose-dependently reduced the number of wet dog shakes (p < 0.01), and the episodes of writhing (p < 0.01). (3) Pre-treatment with AJN effectively interdicted the morphine-induced decreases in the levels of DAT, D2R, and TH in the striatum (p < 0.01) such that they remained at nearly normal levels. (4) Post-treatment with AJN restored DAT and D2R to the normal levels (p < 0.01) and the level of TH to 87% of normal in the striatum. Conclusions AJN can effectively alleviate opioid withdrawal symptoms and preserve or restore the DAT, D2R, and TH levels in the striatum. The mechanism underlying the effect of AJN on withdrawal symptoms may be related to the modulation of the dopamine system by AJN. These results suggest that AJN may help to prevent relapse in opioid dependence treatment.
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Abdulaziz Bardi D, Halabi MF, Abdullah NA, Rouhollahi E, Hajrezaie M, Abdulla MA. In vivo evaluation of ethanolic extract of Zingiber officinale rhizomes for its protective effect against liver cirrhosis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:918460. [PMID: 24396831 PMCID: PMC3874366 DOI: 10.1155/2013/918460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Zingiber officinale is a traditional medicine against various disorders including liver diseases.The aim of this study was to assess the hepatoprotective activity of the ethanolic extract of rhizomes of Z. officinale (ERZO) against thioacetamide-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Five groups of male Sprague Dawley have been used. In group 1 rats received intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of normal saline while groups 2-5 received thioacetamide (TAA, 200 mg/kg; i.p.) for induction of liver cirrhosis, thrice weekly for eight weeks. Group 3 received 50 mg/kg of silymarin. The rats in groups 4 and 5 received 250 and 500 mg/kg of ERZO (dissolved in 10% Tween), respectively. Hepatic damage was assessed grossly and microscopically for all of the groups. Results confirmed the induction of liver cirrhosis in group 2 whilst administration of silymarin or ERZO significantly reduced the impact of thioacetamide toxicity. These groups decreased fibrosis of the liver tissues. Immunohistochemistry assessment against proliferating cell nuclear antigen did not show remarkable proliferation in the ERZO-treated rats when compared with group 2. Moreover, factions of the ERZO extract were tested on Hep-G2 cells and showed antiproliferative activity (IC50 38-60 μ g/mL). This study showed hepatoprotective effect of ERZO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daleya Abdulaziz Bardi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohammed Farouq Halabi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nor Azizan Abdullah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Elham Rouhollahi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Maryam Hajrezaie
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mahmood Ameen Abdulla
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Abstract
This paper is the thirty-fifth consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2012 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior (Section 2), and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia (Section 3); stress and social status (Section 4); tolerance and dependence (Section 5); learning and memory (Section 6); eating and drinking (Section 7); alcohol and drugs of abuse (Section 8); sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (Section 9); mental illness and mood (Section 10); seizures and neurologic disorders (Section 11); electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (Section 12); general activity and locomotion (Section 13); gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (Section 14); cardiovascular responses (Section 15); respiration and thermoregulation (Section 16); and immunological responses (Section 17).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, United States.
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Tabatabai SM, Dashti S, Doosti F, Hosseinzadeh H. Phytotherapy of Opioid Dependence and Withdrawal Syndrome: A Review. Phytother Res 2013; 28:811-30. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Meghdad Tabatabai
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Saeedeh Dashti
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Fatemeh Doosti
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
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Esmaeili-Mahani S, Ebrahimi B, Abbasnejad M, Rasoulian B, Sheibani V. Satureja khuzestanica prevents the development of morphine analgesic tolerance through suppression of spinal glial cell activation in rats. J Nat Med 2013; 69:165-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-013-0796-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Leonti M, Casu L. Traditional medicines and globalization: current and future perspectives in ethnopharmacology. Front Pharmacol 2013; 4:92. [PMID: 23898296 PMCID: PMC3722488 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2013.00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The ethnopharmacological approach toward the understanding and appraisal of traditional and herbal medicines is characterized by the inclusions of the social as well as the natural sciences. Anthropological field-observations describing the local use of nature-derived medicines are the basis for ethnopharmacological enquiries. The multidisciplinary scientific validation of indigenous drugs is of relevance to modern societies at large and helps to sustain local health care practices. Especially with respect to therapies related to aging related, chronic and infectious diseases traditional medicines offer promising alternatives to biomedicine. Bioassays applied in ethnopharmacology represent the molecular characteristics and complexities of the disease or symptoms for which an indigenous drug is used in “traditional” medicine to variable depth and extent. One-dimensional in vitro approaches rarely cope with the complexity of human diseases and ignore the concept of polypharmacological synergies. The recent focus on holistic approaches and systems biology in medicinal plant research represents the trend toward the description and the understanding of complex multi-parameter systems. Ethnopharmacopoeias are non-static cultural constructs shaped by belief and knowledge systems. Intensified globalization and economic liberalism currently accelerates the interchange between local and global pharmacopoeias via international trade, television, the World Wide Web and print media. The increased infiltration of newly generated biomedical knowledge and introduction of “foreign” medicines into local pharmacopoeias leads to syncretic developments and generates a feedback loop. While modern and post-modern cultures and knowledge systems adapt and transform the global impact, they become more relevant for ethnopharmacology. Moreover, what is traditional, alternative or complementary medicine depends on the adopted historic-cultural perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Leonti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari Cagliari, Italy
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