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Exploring the Action Mechanism of the Active Ingredient of Quercetin in Ligustrum lucidum on the Mouse Mastitis Model Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Biology Validation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:4236222. [PMID: 35722145 PMCID: PMC9205729 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4236222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aim The aim of this study is to explore the mechanism of action of quercetin, the main active anti-inflammatory component of Ligustrum lucidum, in the prevention and treatment of mastitis. Methods Prediction of the main active ingredients and key anti-inflammatory targets of Ligustrum lucidum using a network pharmacology platform and molecular biology validation of the results. Observation of histopathological changes in the mouse mammary gland by hematoxylin-eosin staining(H&E) method, quantitative real-time PCR(qPCR), and Western blot (WB) to detect the expression levels of relevant inflammatory factors mRNA and protein. Results A total of 7 active ingredients and 42 key targets were obtained from the network pharmacological analysis of Ligustrum lucidum, with quercetin as the main core ingredient and tumor necrosis factor(TNF), serine threonine protein kinase1(AKT1), and interleukin6(IL6) as the core targets; H&E results showed that pathological changes were reduced to different degrees in the dose group compared to the model group. The qPCR results showed that the relative expression of TNF and IL6 mRNA in the high dose group on day 3 and the high and medium dose groups on day 7 were not significantly different compared with the blank group (P > 0.05), and the difference between the dose groups on day 5 was significant (P < 0.05). WB results showed that the difference in nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB) protein expression in the medium and low dose groups on day 7 was significant compared with the blank group (P < 0.05), the difference in 5 and 7 days, significant differences in AKT1 protein expression between the middle and low dose groups (P < 0.05), nonsignificant differences in the TNF protein expression between the high dose groups on day 7 (P > 0.05), and significant differences in the IL6 protein expression between the middle and low dose groups on days 3 and 7 (P < 0.05). Conclusion Quercetin, the main active ingredient of Ligustrum lucidum, may act in the prevention and treatment of mastitis by inhibiting the expression of inflammatory factors in phosphoinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)-AKT and NF-κB signaling pathways and showa a significant dose-dependent effect. This study provides theoretical basis and clues for the control of mastitis in dairy cows.
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Huang J, Zhao D, Cui C, Hao J, Zhang Z, Guo L. Research Progress and Trends of Phenylethanoid Glycoside Delivery Systems. Foods 2022; 11:foods11050769. [PMID: 35267401 PMCID: PMC8909102 DOI: 10.3390/foods11050769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Phenylethanoid glycosides (PhGs) are obtained from a wide range of sources and show strong biological and pharmacological activities, such as antioxidant, antibacterial and neuroprotective effects. However, intestinal malabsorption and the low bioavailability of PhGs seriously affect their application. Delivery systems are an effective method to improve the bioavailability of active substances. Scope and approach: In this article, the biological activities of and delivery systems for PhGs are introduced. The application statuses of delivery systems for echinacoside, acteoside and salidroside are reviewed. Finally, the problems of the lack of uniform standards for delivery systems and the poor targeted delivery accuracy of PhGs in the current research are proposed and suggestions for future research are put forward based on those problems. Key findings and conclusions: Although there are still some problems in the delivery system of phenylethanoside, such as inconsistent standards and inaccurate delivery, phenylethanoside itself has been proven to have a variety of physiological activities. Therefore, the action mechanism and application of phenylethanoside and its delivery system should be studied further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Huang
- College of Food Science & Biology, Hebei University of Science & Technology, Shijiazhuang 051432, China; (J.H.); (C.C.); (J.H.)
| | - Dandan Zhao
- College of Food Science & Biology, Hebei University of Science & Technology, Shijiazhuang 051432, China; (J.H.); (C.C.); (J.H.)
- Correspondence: (D.Z.); (L.G.)
| | - Chaojing Cui
- College of Food Science & Biology, Hebei University of Science & Technology, Shijiazhuang 051432, China; (J.H.); (C.C.); (J.H.)
| | - Jianxiong Hao
- College of Food Science & Biology, Hebei University of Science & Technology, Shijiazhuang 051432, China; (J.H.); (C.C.); (J.H.)
| | - Zhentao Zhang
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry CAS, Beijing 100190, China;
| | - Limin Guo
- Institute of Agro-Production Storage and Processing, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ürümqi 830091, China
- Correspondence: (D.Z.); (L.G.)
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3
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Tian XY, Li MX, Lin T, Qiu Y, Zhu YT, Li XL, Tao WD, Wang P, Ren XX, Chen LP. A review on the structure and pharmacological activity of phenylethanoid glycosides. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 209:112563. [PMID: 33038797 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Phenylethanoid glycosides (PhGs) are compounds made of phenylethyl alcohol, caffeic acid and glycosyl moieties. The first published references about phenylethanoid glycosides concerned the isolation of echinacoside from Echinaceu ungustifolia (Asteraceae) in 1950 and verbascoside from Verbascum sinuatum (Scrophulariaceae) in 1963. Over the past 60 years, many compounds with these structural characteristics have been isolated from natural sources, and most of these compounds possess significant bioactivities, including antibacterial, antitumor, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, neuro-protective, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, and immunomodulatory activities, among others. In this review, we will summarize the phenylethanoid glycosides described in recent papers and list all the compounds that have been isolated over the past few decades. We will also attempt to present and assess recent studies about the separation, extraction, determination, and pharmacological activity of the excellent natural components, phenylethanoid glycosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Yu Tian
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA, Lanzhou, 730050, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, PR China
| | - Mao-Xing Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA, Lanzhou, 730050, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730030, PR China.
| | - Tong Lin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA, Lanzhou, 730050, PR China
| | - Yan Qiu
- Department of Pharmacy, Pudong New Area People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Health University, Shanghai, 201299, PR China
| | - Yu-Ting Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, 3201 Hospital, Hanzhong, 723000, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Xiao-Lin Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA, Lanzhou, 730050, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730030, PR China
| | - Wen-Di Tao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA, Lanzhou, 730050, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, PR China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA, Lanzhou, 730050, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730030, PR China
| | - Xiao-Xia Ren
- Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Li-Ping Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA, Lanzhou, 730050, PR China
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4
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In vitro and in vivo immunomodulatory effects of fucoidan compound agents. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 127:48-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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5
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Extract from Moringa oleifera seeds suppresses the epithelial-mesenchymal transition-mediated metastasis of gastric cancer by targeting the metastatic suppressor NDRG1. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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6
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Sunil MA, Sunitha VS, Ashitha A, Neethu S, Midhun SJ, Radhakrishnan EK, Jyothis M. Catechin rich butanol fraction extracted from Acacia catechu L. (a thirst quencher) exhibits immunostimulatory potential. J Food Drug Anal 2018; 27:195-207. [PMID: 30648572 PMCID: PMC9298633 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Acacia catechu L., (Fabaceae) named as “catechu” is a plant, the decoction of heartwood of which is daily consumed as thirst quencher by a good percentage of the population in South India. The plant is mainly distributed in India and other Asian countries. It has been used in Indian traditional medicine for the treatment of asthma, bronchitis, colic, diarrhea, boils, skin afflictions, sores and stomatitis. The present investigation was aimed to study the immunomodulatory effects of different fractions of ethanol extract of A. catechu heartwood and HPLC analysis of the active fraction. Three fractions namely, butanol, chloroform and ethyl acetate were prepared from ethanol extract of A. catechu heartwood. Each of these fractions was assessed for its immunomodulatory activity. In vivo immunomodulatory activity was analyzed by sheep red blood cells (SRBC) specific hemagglutinating antibody titer, plaque-forming cell assay and delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction in Swiss albino mice. In vitro immunomodulating potential of the fractions was studied using murine peritoneal macrophages and splenocytes. Non-specific immune functions such as phagocytosis (nitroblue tetrazolium reduction assay and cellular lysosomal enzyme assay), nitric oxide (NO) production and cytokine release (TNF-α and IL-10) were studied in macrophages. In addition, splenocyte proliferation was also studied. In the in vivo experiments, butanol and chloroform fractions showed an increase in antibody titer dose-dependently. At higher dose (400 mg/kg b. w.) treatment the butanol fraction produced an enhancement in the number of plaque-forming cells (antibody producing cells) in the spleen. SRBC induced DTH reaction was significantly increased with butanol fraction in a dose-dependent manner. Peritoneal macrophages showed an increased phagocytic response on treatment with butanol fraction (100 μg/mL) as evidenced by its effect on nitroblue tetrazolium reduction and cellular lysosomal enzyme activity. All three fractions inhibited the production of NO and the release of TNF-α. Interleukin-10 production was significantly increased after treatment with butanol fraction. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis of the butanol fraction showed the presence of high concentration of catechin. The results suggested that butanol fraction of ethanol extract of A. catechu heartwood had immunomodulatory effects on non-specific, humoral, and cell-mediated immune functions. This study may be useful in validating the rationality of daily consumption of decoction of A. catechu and also its use in traditional medicine system. The study also suggests the possible use of A. catechu in the immunostimulatory herbal preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Sunil
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarshini Hills, Kottayam, 686560, Kerala, India
| | - V S Sunitha
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarshini Hills, Kottayam, 686560, Kerala, India
| | - A Ashitha
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarshini Hills, Kottayam, 686560, Kerala, India
| | - Sahadevan Neethu
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarshini Hills, Kottayam, 686560, Kerala, India
| | - Sebastian J Midhun
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarshini Hills, Kottayam, 686560, Kerala, India
| | - E K Radhakrishnan
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarshini Hills, Kottayam, 686560, Kerala, India
| | - Mathew Jyothis
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarshini Hills, Kottayam, 686560, Kerala, India.
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7
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Fan Y, Xu Y, Han QG, Shen LL, Xu H, Wu ZB, Xu X, Ying M, He ZD, Hu ZL. Exploring inhibition mechanism and nature of lipase by Ligupurpuroside A extracted from Ku-Ding tea. Med Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-018-2194-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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8
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Song X, He J, Xu H, Hu XP, Wu XL, Wu HQ, Liu LZ, Liao CH, Zeng Y, Li Y, Hao Y, Xu CS, Fan L, Zhang J, Zhang HJ, He ZD. The antiviral effects of acteoside and the underlying IFN-γ-inducing action. Food Funct 2018; 7:3017-30. [PMID: 27326537 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo00335d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
There are many herbal teas that are found in nature that may be effective at treating the symptoms and also shortening the duration of viral infections. When combating viral infections, T lymphocytes are an indispensable part of human acquired immunity. However, studies on the use of natural products in stimulating lymphocyte-mediated interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) production are very limited. In this study, we found that acteoside, a natural phenylpropanoid glycoside from Kuding Tea, enhanced IFN-γ production in mouse lymphocytes in a dose-dependent manner, particularly in the CD4+ and CD8+ subsets of T lymphocytes. To this end, we suggest that the antiviral activity of acteoside was highly correlated to its inducing ability of IFN-γ production. Mechanistically, the activation of T-bet enhanced the promoter of IFN-γ and subsequently resulted in an increased IFN-γ production in T cells. Collectively, we have found a natural product with the capacity to selectively enhance mouse T cell IFN-γ production. Given the role of IFN-γ in the immune system, further studies to clarify the role of acteoside in inducing IFN-γ and prevention of viral infection are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Novel Natural Health Care Products, Innovation Platform for Natural Small Molecule Drugs, Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Small Molecule Innovative Drugs, School of Medicine, College of Life Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China. and School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China.
| | - Jiang He
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Novel Natural Health Care Products, Innovation Platform for Natural Small Molecule Drugs, Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Small Molecule Innovative Drugs, School of Medicine, College of Life Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China.
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Novel Natural Health Care Products, Innovation Platform for Natural Small Molecule Drugs, Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Small Molecule Innovative Drugs, School of Medicine, College of Life Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China.
| | - Xiao-Peng Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Novel Natural Health Care Products, Innovation Platform for Natural Small Molecule Drugs, Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Small Molecule Innovative Drugs, School of Medicine, College of Life Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China.
| | - Xu-Li Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Novel Natural Health Care Products, Innovation Platform for Natural Small Molecule Drugs, Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Small Molecule Innovative Drugs, School of Medicine, College of Life Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China.
| | - Hai-Qiang Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Novel Natural Health Care Products, Innovation Platform for Natural Small Molecule Drugs, Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Small Molecule Innovative Drugs, School of Medicine, College of Life Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China.
| | - Li-Zhong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Novel Natural Health Care Products, Innovation Platform for Natural Small Molecule Drugs, Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Small Molecule Innovative Drugs, School of Medicine, College of Life Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China.
| | - Cheng-Hui Liao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Novel Natural Health Care Products, Innovation Platform for Natural Small Molecule Drugs, Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Small Molecule Innovative Drugs, School of Medicine, College of Life Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China.
| | - Yong Zeng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, P. R. China
| | - Yan Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, P. R. China
| | - Yue Hao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Novel Natural Health Care Products, Innovation Platform for Natural Small Molecule Drugs, Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Small Molecule Innovative Drugs, School of Medicine, College of Life Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China.
| | - Chen-Shu Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Novel Natural Health Care Products, Innovation Platform for Natural Small Molecule Drugs, Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Small Molecule Innovative Drugs, School of Medicine, College of Life Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China.
| | - Long Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Novel Natural Health Care Products, Innovation Platform for Natural Small Molecule Drugs, Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Small Molecule Innovative Drugs, School of Medicine, College of Life Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Novel Natural Health Care Products, Innovation Platform for Natural Small Molecule Drugs, Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Small Molecule Innovative Drugs, School of Medicine, College of Life Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China.
| | - Hong-Jie Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China.
| | - Zhen-Dan He
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Novel Natural Health Care Products, Innovation Platform for Natural Small Molecule Drugs, Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Small Molecule Innovative Drugs, School of Medicine, College of Life Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China.
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Ge L, Chen L, Mo Q, Zhou G, Meng X, Wang Y. Total phenylethanoid glycosides and magnoloside IafromMagnolia officinalisvar.bilobafruits inhibit ultraviolet B-induced phototoxicity and inflammation through MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathways. RSC Adv 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra13033c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnolia officinalisvar.bilobais used as a traditional medicine in China and as a food additive in the United Kingdom and the European Union.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Ge
- Institute of TCM and Natural Products
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430071
- P. R. China
| | - Ling Chen
- Institute of TCM and Natural Products
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430071
- P. R. China
| | - Qigui Mo
- Institute of TCM and Natural Products
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430071
- P. R. China
| | - Gao Zhou
- Institute of TCM and Natural Products
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430071
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaoshan Meng
- Institute of TCM and Natural Products
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430071
- P. R. China
| | - Youwei Wang
- Institute of TCM and Natural Products
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430071
- P. R. China
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10
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Lu Y, Zhou W, Feng Y, Li Y, Liu K, Liu L, Lin D, He Z, Wu X. Acteoside and Acyl-Migrated Acteoside, Compounds in Chinese Kudingcha Tea, Inhibit α-Amylase In Vitro. J Med Food 2017; 20:577-585. [PMID: 28486011 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2016.3910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Lu
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Wenyu Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University (The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen), Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Yue Feng
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Yao Li
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Ke Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, P.R. China
| | - Lizhong Liu
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Dongxu Lin
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Zhendan He
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Xuli Wu
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
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Nine phenylethanoid glycosides from Magnolia officinalis var. biloba fruits and their protective effects against free radical-induced oxidative damage. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45342. [PMID: 28349971 PMCID: PMC5368604 DOI: 10.1038/srep45342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To systematically study the chemical constituents in Magnolia officinalis var. biloba fruits, nine phenylethanoid glycosides were isolated by solvent extraction, silica gel, and preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Their structures were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR analyses, including COSY, HMQC and HMBC correlations, and HPLC analysis of sugar residue. Nine phenylethanoid glycosides, namely, magnoloside Ia (1), magnoloside Ic (2), crassifolioside (3), magnoloside Ib (4), magnoloside IIIa (5), magnoloside IVa (6), magnoloside IIa (7), magnoloside IIb (8) and magnoloside Va (9), were first isolated from the n-butanol fraction of Magnolia officinalis var. biloba fruits alcohol extract. Free radical scavenging activities of the nine phenylethanoid glycosides were assessed using the DPPH, ABTS, and superoxide anion radical scavenging assays. Simultaneously, protective effects of all compounds against free radical-induced oxidative damage were evaluated by two different kinds of mitochondrial damage model. The protective effects were assessed by mitochondrial swelling, the formations of malondialdehyde (MDA) and lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH), the activities of catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). All phenylethanoid glycosides showed significant protective effects.
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Quantitation of ligupurpurosides B and C in rat plasma using HPLC-MS/MS. Chin J Nat Med 2016; 14:473-80. [PMID: 27473966 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(16)30045-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to develop a sensitive and selective specific high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-tandem mass spectrometric method (MS/MS) for the determination of ligupurpurosides B and C in rat plasma. The samples were prepared after protein precipitation and analyzed by liquid chromatography equipped with a C18 column interfaced with a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer using ESI as the ionization source in the negative ion mode. The mobile phase consisted of water (0.01 % formic acid)-methanol (57 : 43, V/V) at the flow rate of 0.3 mL·min(-1). The analytes and internal standard acteoside were both detected by use of multiple reaction monitoring mode. The total run time was 6.0 min. The method was linear in the concentration range of 2.5-500.0 ng·mL(-1) and the lower limit of quantifiation (LLOQ) was 2.5 ng·mL(-1). The intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations across three validation runs over the entire concentration range were less than 9.8 %. The accuracy determined at three concentrations was within ± 6.1% in terms of relative error. In conclusion, this assay offers advantages in terms of expediency and suitability for the analysis of ligupurpuroside B and ligupurpuroside C in various biological fluids.
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13
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Xue Z, Yang B. Phenylethanoid Glycosides: Research Advances in Their Phytochemistry, Pharmacological Activity and Pharmacokinetics. Molecules 2016; 21:E991. [PMID: 27483229 PMCID: PMC6273160 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21080991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenylethanoid glycosides (PhGs) are widely distributed in traditional Chinese medicines as well as in other medicinal plants, and they were characterized by a phenethyl alcohol (C₆-C₂) moiety attached to a β-glucopyranose/β-allopyranose via a glycosidic bond. The outstanding activity of PhGs in diverse diseases proves their importance in medicinal chemistry research. This review summarizes new findings on PhGs over the past 10 years, concerning the new structures, their bioactivities, including neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial and antivirus, cytotoxic, immunomodulatory, and enzyme inhibitory effects, and pharmacokinetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Xue
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Bin Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
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14
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Hu XP, Shao MM, Song X, Wu XL, Qi L, Zheng K, Fan L, Liao CH, Li CY, He J, Hu YJ, Wu HQ, Li SH, Zhang J, Zhang FX, He ZD. Anti-influenza virus effects of crude phenylethanoid glycosides isolated from ligustrum purpurascens via inducing endogenous interferon-γ. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 179:128-136. [PMID: 26190352 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ligustrum purpurascens Y.C. Yang (Oleaceae) is traditionally recorded as "Ku Ding Cha", a kind of functional tea in southern China for about two thousand years, which has been reported with sore throat alleviating and pathogenic heat expelling effects. However, there are no scientific studies demonstrating its antiviral activity. THE AIM OF THE STUDY This study is aimed at investigating the anti-influenza virus effects of phenylethanoid glycosides isolated from L. purpurascens (LPG) as well as its corresponding mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vitro, hemagglutination assay was employed to detect the influenza virus titer; In vivo, C57BL/6J mice were given oral administration of LPG (100mg/kg, 300mg/kg, 900mg/kg) or ribavirin (100mg/kg) once daily for 5 successive days. Meanwhile, on the second day, mice were infected intranasally (i.n.) with A/FM/1/47 H1N1 virus. Mice survival rate and other clinical index were monitored for 15 days. Infected mice were sacrificed to measure the lung lesion and stained with hematoxylin-eosin. Flow cytometry analyses spleen lymphocytes and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) level. The IFN-γ knockout mice (IFN-γ(-/-) mice, C57BL/6J) which had been verified lacking IFN-γ through Western Blot, were applied in the death-protection test to identify the role of IFN-γ played in LPG antiviral effect. RESULTS In vitro, LPG at 0.5mg/ml inhibited Influenza A Virus H1N1 type (H1N1) infection of MDCK cells. In vivo, LPG at 300 and 900mg/kg significantly decreased the mouse lung index (p<0.05), alleviated influenza-induced lethality and clinical symptoms, and therefore enhanced mouse survival (p<0.05). More detailed experiments demonstrated that antiviral cytokine IFN-γ was involved in the antiviral effect of LPG. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that LPG (900mg/kg) significantly induced secretion of IFN-γ by splenic CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells (p<0.05). Moreover, LPG (900mg/kg) protected wild-type C57BL/6J mice from H1N1 injury, whereas LPG-mediated survival protection disappeared in IFN-γ(-/-) mice. CONCLUSION These results suggest that up-regulating endogenous IFN-γ by LPG may represent a novel therapeutic approach for H1N1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-peng Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Institute of Biotherapy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Min-ming Shao
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Xun Song
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Institute of Biotherapy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Xu-li Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Institute of Biotherapy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Ling Qi
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Kai Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Institute of Biotherapy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Long Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Institute of Biotherapy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Cheng-hui Liao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Institute of Biotherapy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Chen-yang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Institute of Biotherapy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jiang He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Institute of Biotherapy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Ying-jie Hu
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Hai-qiang Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Institute of Biotherapy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Shi-he Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Institute of Biotherapy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Institute of Biotherapy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Feng-xue Zhang
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China.
| | - Zhen-dan He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Institute of Biotherapy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
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Liu Y, Wang C, Dong X, Cheng D, Zhou T. Immunomodulatory effects of epicatechin-(2β→O→7, 4β→8)-ent-epicatechin isolated fromRhododendron spiciferum in vitro. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2015; 37:527-34. [DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2015.1107574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Feng Y, Lu F, Wu X, Li Y, Shen Y, Fan L, He Z, Gao K. Inhibitory potential of phenylpropanoid glycosides fromLigustrum purpurascensKudingcha against α-glucosidase and α-amylasein vitro. Int J Food Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.12887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Feng
- School of Medicine; Shenzhen University; Nanhai Ave 3688 Shenzhen 518060 China
| | - Fangqi Lu
- School of Medicine; Shenzhen University; Nanhai Ave 3688 Shenzhen 518060 China
| | - Xuli Wu
- School of Medicine; Shenzhen University; Nanhai Ave 3688 Shenzhen 518060 China
| | - Yao Li
- School of Medicine; Shenzhen University; Nanhai Ave 3688 Shenzhen 518060 China
| | - Yanxia Shen
- School of Medicine; Shenzhen University; Nanhai Ave 3688 Shenzhen 518060 China
| | - Long Fan
- School of Medicine; Shenzhen University; Nanhai Ave 3688 Shenzhen 518060 China
| | - Zhenda He
- School of Medicine; Shenzhen University; Nanhai Ave 3688 Shenzhen 518060 China
| | - Kaiping Gao
- School of Medicine; Shenzhen University; Nanhai Ave 3688 Shenzhen 518060 China
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In vivo immunological activity of carboxymethylated-sulfated (1→3)-β-D-glucan from sclerotium of Poria cocos. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 79:511-7. [PMID: 26014139 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
β-Glucans are one of the polysaccharides known as biological response modifiers extracted from the sclerotium of Poria cocos which has been used for several decades as Traditional Chinese Medicine. Due to its ability to activate immune system, it can be applied in chemotherapy after being chemically modified. In this study, sulfated (1→3)-β-D-glucan (S-P), carboxymethyl (1→3)-β-D-glucan (CMP), and carboxymethylated-sulfated (1→3)-β-D-glucan (S-CMP), which are (1→3)-β-D-glucan derivatives were synthesized. The current study was aimed to investigate in vivo potential immunological activity of S-CMP in mice. In addition, mice were separately treated with S-P, CMP and S-CMP to evaluate the relationship between single and multiple functional groups. Interestingly, S-CMP exhibited the best in vivo immunological activities and the highest inhibition rate against the implanted HepG2 tumor in BALB/c mice, with significant increase in serum hemolysin antibody titer, spleen antibody production as well as delayed type hypersensitivity compared with S-P and CMP. Furthermore, it was assumed that simultaneous introduction of carboxymethyl and sulfate groups also had great potential effect on antioxidant activity, as substantial decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) content was remarked. Therefore, it may suggest that S-CMP has better immunological and anti-tumor effects on mice in vivo.
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Shen L, Xu H, Huang F, Li Y, Xiao H, Yang Z, Hu Z, He Z, Zeng Z, Li Y. Investigation on interaction between Ligupurpuroside A and pepsin by spectroscopic and docking methods. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 135:256-263. [PMID: 25078459 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.06.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Ligupurpuroside A is one of the major glycoside in Ku-Din-Cha, a type of Chinese functional tea. In order to better understand its digestion and metabolism in humans, the interaction between Ligupurpuroside A and pepsin has been investigated by fluorescence spectra, UV-vis absorption spectra and synchronous fluorescence spectra along with molecular docking method. The fluorescence experiments indicate that Ligupurpuroside A can effectively quench the intrinsic fluorescence of pepsin through a combined quenching way at the low concentration of Ligupurpuroside A, and a static quenching procedure at the high concentration. The binding constant, binding sites of Ligupurpuroside A with pepsin have been calculated. The thermodynamic analysis suggests that non-covalent reactions, including electrostatic force, hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bond are the main forces stabilizing the complex. According to the Förster's non-radiation energy transfer theory, the binding distance between pepsin and Ligupurpuroside A was calculated to be 3.15 nm, which implies that energy transfer occurs between pepsin and Ligupurpuroside A. Conformation change of pepsin was observed from UV-vis absorption spectra and synchronous fluorescence spectra under experimental conditions. In addition, all these experimental results have been validated by the protein-ligand docking studies which show that Ligupurpuroside A is located in the cleft between the domains of pepsin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology/Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Hong Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology/Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Fengwen Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology/Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yi Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology/Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Huafeng Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology/Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology/Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Zhangli Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology/Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Zhendan He
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Zheling Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Yinong Li
- Center of Inspection and Quarantine of Shenzhen Entry & Exit Animal, Plant & Food, Shenzhen 518000, China
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Wu X, Wang W, Zhu T, Liang T, Lu F, He W, Zhang H, Liu Z, He S, Gao K, He Z. Phenylpropanoid glycoside inhibition of pepsin, trypsin and α-chymotrypsin enzyme activity in Kudingcha leaves from Ligustrum purpurascens. Food Res Int 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2013.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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