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Li Z, Zhu JF, Ouyang H. Progress on traditional Chinese medicine in improving hepatic fibrosis through inhibiting oxidative stress. World J Hepatol 2023; 15:1091-1108. [PMID: 37970620 PMCID: PMC10642434 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v15.i10.1091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis is a common pathological process that occurs in the development of various chronic liver diseases into cirrhosis and liver cancer, characterized by excessive deposition of the extracellular matrix. In the past, hepatic fibrosis was thought to be a static and irreversible pathological process. In recent years, with the rapid development of molecular biology and the continuous in-depth study of the liver at the microscopic level, more and more evidence has shown that hepatic fibrosis is a dynamic and reversible process. Therefore, it is particularly important to find an effective, simple, and inexpensive method for its prevention and treatment. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) occupies an important position in the treatment of hepatic fibrosis due to its advantages of low adverse reactions, low cost, and multi-target effectiveness. A large number of research results have shown that TCM monomers, single herbal extracts, and TCM formulas play important roles in the prevention and treatment of hepatic fibrosis. Oxidative stress (OS) is one of the key factors in the occurrence and development of hepatic fibrosis. Therefore, this article reviews the progress in the understanding of the mechanisms of TCM monomers, single herbal extracts, and TCM formulas in preventing and treating hepatic fibrosis by inhibiting OS in recent years, in order to provide a reference and basis for drug therapy of hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- Department of Liver, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jun-Feng Zhu
- Department of Liver, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Department of Liver, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Hao Ouyang
- Department of Liver, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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Study on the mechanism of anti-hepatic fibrosis of Glycyrrhiza Uralensis-Salvia miltiorrhiza prescription based on serum and urine metabolomics and network pharmacology. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1209:123416. [PMID: 36027704 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis (HF) is a kind of chronic epidemic liver disease. Glycyrrhiza Uralensis and Salvia Miltiorrhiza (GUSM), traditional Chinese medicine, has the obvious clinical treatment of liver fibrosis. This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms of GUSM against HF by an integrated strategy combining untargeted metabolomics with network pharmacology. The results showed that GUSM prescription can improve the morphology and structure of liver tissue, inhibit the proliferation of collagen fibers and reducing the inflammatory response of the liver and so on. Endogenous metabolites and HF-related potential biomarkers in serum and urine were detected by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS). The metabolic pathways were enriched by MetaboAnalyst. GUSM prescription showed an antifibrotic effect on rats by regulating metabolic pathways, mainly pentose and glucuronate interconversions and arachidonic acid metabolism. Network pharmacology was then applied to find 42 overlapping targets of GUSM-HF. Quercetin was found to be the main active component and STAT3 was the main active target in GUSM prescription. Molecular docking showed high affinities between quercetin and STAT3. Therefore, GUSM has protective effects on HF by regulating the metabolism and different signaling pathways. The work also shows that the metabolomic and network pharmacology methods are promising tools to gain insight into the efficacy and mechanism research of traditional Chinese medicines.
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El-Gendy ZA, Ramadan A, El-Batran SA, Ahmed RF, El-Marasy SA, Abd El-Rahman SS, Youssef S. Carvacrol hinders the progression of hepatic fibrosis via targeting autotaxin and thioredoxin in thioacetamide-induced liver fibrosis in rat. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:2188-2201. [PMID: 34155936 DOI: 10.1177/09603271211026729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis is a common outcome of nearly all chronic diseases of liver that results in changes of its functions which requires medical attention. The current research aims to investigate the potential anti-fibrotic efficacy of Carvacrol against thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver fibrosis in male rats using Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) as a reference anti-fibrotic product. Carvacrol (25 and 50 mg/kg) markedly declined TAA-increased serum liver enzymes; alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) as well as total bilirubin (TB) and direct bilirubin (DB) levels as well as increased levels of total protein (TP) and albumin. Carvacrol significantly reduced glutathione depletion (GSH), Nitric oxide (NOX) and malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation in liver tissue. Additionally, its anti-oxidant effect brightened up via affecting markers of stress found in the cell as nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) where it still had high content and decreased Thioredoxin (Trx) level. The anti-inflammatory effect of Carvacrol was confirmed by decreasing nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) contents. Carvacrol showed anti-fibrotic effect clarified by turning down fibrosis-related markers; TGF-β1, matrix metalloproteinase-3 and 9 (MMP-3 and 9) and Autotaxin (ATX) contents. Furthermore, it decreased alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and caspase-3 immune-expression. The overall outcome of aforementioned markers results showed that Carvacrol suppresses the progression of liver fibrosis via its anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic effect and its ability in lowering Thioredoxin and Autotaxin; hence it can be categorized as a hepatoprotective natural substance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z A El-Gendy
- Department of Pharmacology, 68787National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - A Ramadan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 63526Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - S A El-Batran
- Department of Pharmacology, 68787National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - R F Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology, 68787National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - S A El-Marasy
- Department of Pharmacology, 68787National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - S S Abd El-Rahman
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 63526Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sah Youssef
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 63526Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Yang L, Yu H, Hou A, Man W, Wang S, Zhang J, Wang X, Zheng S, Jiang H, Kuang H. A Review of the Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Application, Quality Control, Processing, Toxicology, and Pharmacokinetics of the Dried Rhizome of Atractylodes macrocephala. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:727154. [PMID: 34803677 PMCID: PMC8595830 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.727154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The product investigated herein is the dried rhizome of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. [Asteraceae] (Baizhu), which is also known as Dongbaizhu, Wuzhu, Yuzhu, Zhezhu, and Zhongzhu, among others. It invigorates the spleen, replenishes qi, and removes dampness, diuresis, and hidroschesis, and impacts fetal safety. It is often used for the treatment of diseases such as spleen function deficiency, abdominal distension, diarrhea, sputum, vertigo, edema, fever, and sweating and also aids cessation of minimal vaginal bleeding during pregnancy. In this study, research pertaining to the ethnopharmacology, application, phytochemistry, analytical methods, quality control, processing, pharmacology, toxicology, and pharmacokinetics of Baizhu has been reviewed. Relevant information and data reported for Baizhu were collected from CNKI, VIP, PubMed, Web of Science, scientific databases, Chinese Medicinal Material Encyclopedia, Chinese herbal medicine classics, Chinese medicine dictionary, doctoral and master's theses, and so on. Baizhu demonstrates diuretic, antidiuretic, anti-inflammatory effects and antitumor function and aids regulation of gastrointestinal function, hypoglycemic effect, analgesic action, protection on the liver ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in rats, inhibition of aromatase, treatment of bone disease, strengthening myocardial contraction ability, detoxification and cholagogic effect, fall hematic fat action, such as the treatment of acute renal injury, and so on. It also can be an anticoagulant, improve the nervous system disease, affect the immune system, and regulate uterine smooth muscle, antioxidation, antiaging, and antibacterial effect. Sesquiterpenoids, triterpenoids, polyacetylenes, phenylpropanoids, coumarins, flavonoids, flavonoid glycosides, steroids, benzoquinones, polysaccharides, and other compounds were isolated from Baizhu. Among them, sesquiterpenoids, polysaccharides, and polyacetylenes are the main components of Baizhu. Baizhu exhibits a wide range of pharmacological effects and constitutes a considerable proportion of the composition of many proprietary crude drugs. It mainly affects the endocrine, nervous, and urinary systems. The presented information suggests that we should focus on the development of new drugs related to Baizhu, including specific components, to achieve a greater therapeutic potential that can be considered to further explore the information related to Baizhu.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hai Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Haixue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
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Esmail MM, Saeed NM, Michel HE, El-Naga RN. The ameliorative effect of niclosamide on bile duct ligation induced liver fibrosis via suppression of NOTCH and Wnt pathways. Toxicol Lett 2021; 347:23-35. [PMID: 33961984 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is the conjoint consequence of almost all chronic liver diseases. Cholestatic liver injury is a significant stimulus for fibrotic liver. This study was conducted to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of niclosamide as a NOTCH inhibitor and on the Wnt pathway against cholestatic liver fibrosis (CLF) which was experimentally induced by bile duct ligation (BDL). Rats were randomly divided into five main groups (6 per group): sham, BDL, BDL/niclosamide 5, BDL/niclosamide 10 and niclosamide 10 only group. Niclosamide was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) for 4 weeks starting at the same day of surgery at doses 5 and 10 mg/kg. Liver function, cholestasis, oxidative stress, inflammation, liver fibrosis, NOTCH signaling pathway and Wnt pathway markers were assessed. Niclosamide (5 and 10 mg/kg) significantly reduced liver enzymes levels, oxidative stress, inflammation and phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription3 (p-STAT3). Niclosamide (5 and 10 mg/kg) also significantly reduced NOTCH pathway (Jagged1, NOTCH2, NOTCH3, HES1, SOX9), Wnt pathway (Wnt5B, and Wnt10A), and fibrosis (transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1), alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and collagen deposition with more prominent effect of the higher dose 10 mg/kg. So, this study presents nicloamide as a promising antifibrotic agent in CLF through inhibition of NOTCH and Wnt pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manar M Esmail
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Noha M Saeed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Haidy E Michel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Reem N El-Naga
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Doustimotlagh AH, Taheri S, Mansourian M, Eftekhari M. Extraction and Identification of Two Flavonoids in Phlomoides hyoscyamoides as an Endemic Plant of Iran: The Role of Quercetin in the Activation of the Glutathione Peroxidase, the Improvement of the Hydroxyproline and Protein Oxidation in Bile Duct-Ligated Rats. Curr Comput Aided Drug Des 2021; 16:629-640. [PMID: 31481005 DOI: 10.2174/1573409915666190903163335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholestatic liver disease, a serious chronic condition that develops progressive hepatic degeneration through free radicals. OBJECTIVE The present study was designed to extract and identify two flavonoids in Phlomoides hyoscyamoides plant, native to Iran and evaluate the role of quercetin identified on the liver injury among bile ductligated rats. METHODS This study was conducted on 25 male Wistar rats within three groups of sham control, mere bile duct-ligated, and bile duct-ligated with quercetin. The bile duct-ligated animals received quercetin at a dose of 50 mg/kg/day for 10 days, followed by biochemical tests, oxidative stress markers, activity of antioxidant enzymes and hematoxylin and eosin staining. Molecular docking was used to explore the interactive behavior of quercetin with glutathione peroxidase. RESULTS According to analyses of the obtained extract, two main active ingredients of P. hyoscyamoides were rutin and quercetin. Bile duct-ligated group showed a significant liver necrosis, a clear increase in plasma and tissue oxidative stress parameters, and a decrease in glutathione peroxidase activity as compared to sham control group. Quercetin injection in bile duct-ligated rats resulted in significant decrease in hydroxyproline, protein carbonyl and histopathologic indexes and significant increase in glutathione peroxidase activity (P-value≤0.05). Based on the molecular docking, the quercetin was able to regulate the glutathione peroxidase activity. CONCLUSION The quercetin acts as an enzyme inducer by renewing the glutathione peroxidase activity and inhibiting the oxidation of proteins and hence decreases the oxidative stress. These results could be a sign of confirming the positive role of quercetin in attenuating the liver damage and degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir H Doustimotlagh
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Salman Taheri
- Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, P.O. Box 14335-186, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahboubeh Mansourian
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Eftekhari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Joung JY, Kim HG, Lee JS, Cho JH, Ahn YC, Lee DS, Son CG. Anti-hepatofibrotic effects of CGX, a standardized herbal formula: A multicenter randomized clinical trial. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 126:110105. [PMID: 32203892 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chunggan extract (CGX) is an herbal formula used for the treatment of chronic liver disease in traditional Korean medicine. Many preclinical studies have suggested its therapeutic or preventive effects on liver fibrosis. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of CGX, we conducted a randomized controlled clinical trial of CGX in patients with liver fibrosis diagnosed by Fibroscan. METHODS We enrolled 67 subjects at two hospitals with chronic liver disorders with a 5.5 ≤ liver stiffness measurement (LSM) score ≤ 16 kPa. Subjects were randomly assigned at a 1:1:1 ratio with stratification (with/without concomitant use of antivirals) and orally administered CGX (1 g or 2 g) or placebo twice daily for 24 weeks. The end point was the change in instantaneous elasticity of the liver assessed by Fibroscan before and after treatment. RESULTS LSM scores were significantly decreased in both the CGX1 g (2.5 ± 1.7 kPa, p < 0.01) and CGX2 g (1.9 ± 2.0 kPa, p < 0.05) groups compared to the placebo (0.6 ± 1.6 kPa) group. The change was also significant in 35 subjects without concomitant use of antiviral agents in the CGX1 g group (placebo 0.1 ± 1.4 kPa vs. 2.7 ± 1.6 kPa, p < 0.01) but not in those with concomitant antiviral use (p > 0.05). No notable adverse events were present. CONCLUSION CGX appeared to have a pharmacological effect against liver fibrosis. Further studies to confirm the results are needed in the future using a larger sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yong Joung
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Dunsan Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University, 35353, Daedukdae-ro 176 bun-gil 75, Seo-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong-Geug Kim
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Dunsan Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University, 35353, Daedukdae-ro 176 bun-gil 75, Seo-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Seok Lee
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Dunsan Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University, 35353, Daedukdae-ro 176 bun-gil 75, Seo-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hyo Cho
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Dunsan Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University, 35353, Daedukdae-ro 176 bun-gil 75, Seo-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yo-Chan Ahn
- Department of Health Service Management, Daejeon University, 96-3 Yongun-dong, Dong-gu, Daejeon, 34520, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Soo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 64, Daeheung-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 34943, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chang-Gue Son
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Dunsan Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University, 35353, Daedukdae-ro 176 bun-gil 75, Seo-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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Park CR, Lee G, Son CG, Cho JH, Lee NH. Recovery from hepatitis A after Korean medicine-based treatment : a case report. Integr Med Res 2019; 8:257-260. [PMID: 31768311 PMCID: PMC6872770 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies reported that Korean medicine (KM) is effective for treating liver disease, including hepatitis A. However, KM, specifically with herbal medicine (Chungganplus, CGP) has not been reported yet. We aimed to report a patient with hepatitis A who was treated with KM including CGP, acupuncture, and moxibustion for 12 days. METHODS A 39-year-old man with hepatitis A who was hospitalized for 12 days after being admitted to our hospital with abdominal pain, diarrhea and vomiting. We prescribed CGP three times a day, with acupuncture performed twice daily and moxibustion at conception vessel (CV)-12 once a day. Follow-up blood tests have been done 4 times during the admission in order to access the effect of the treatment. RESULTS In 12 days the symptoms had disappeared and the blood test results improved steadily. His AST level have declined from 1,189 IU/L to 44 IU/L, ALT from 2,423 IU/L to 127 IU/L, r-GTP from 1,347 IU/L to 339 IU/L, ALP from 384 IU/L to 205 IU/L, and total bilirubin from 3.6 mg/dL to 0.89 mg/dL. CONLCUSIONS This case suggests that KM-based treatment using CGP may be effective for hepatitis A with no adverse effect. Further research and clinical trial on CGP would be needed to make the basis more valid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Ran Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Korean Medicine, University of Daejeon, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cheonan Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Dunsan Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Gayoung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Korean Medicine, University of Daejeon, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cheonan Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Dunsan Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Gue Son
- Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Korean Medicine, University of Daejeon, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Dunsan Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hyo Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Korean Medicine, University of Daejeon, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Dunsan Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Hun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Korean Medicine, University of Daejeon, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cheonan Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Dunsan Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Shafie F, Nabavizadeh F, Shafie Ardestani M, Panahi M, Adeli S, Samandari H, Ashabi G. Sorafenib-loaded PAMAM dendrimer attenuates liver fibrosis and its complications in bile-duct-ligated rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 97:691-698. [PMID: 31071278 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2019-0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We assessed the effect of sorafenib-loaded polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer on liver fibrosis induced by bile duct ligation (BDL). Male Wistar rats were divided into 9 groups: intact, sham, DMSO + BDL, BDL, sorafenib (30 mg/kg), sorafenib (60 mg/kg), PAMAM + BDL, sorafenib (30 mg/kg) + PAMAM + BDL, sorafenib (60 mg/kg) + PAMAM + BDL. BDL was induced and then rats were treated daily with sorafenib and (or) PAMAM for 4 weeks. Improvement of liver was detected via assessment of ascites formation, collagen deposition, liver blood flow, vascular endothelial growth factor level, and blood cells count. Sorafenib-loaded PAMAM dendrimer in both 30 and 60 mg/kg doses reduced ascites formation, reduced collagen deposition, and improved drug-induced hematological side effects of sorafenib alone in comparison with sorafenib-alone treatment. Sorafenib-loaded PAMAM dendrimer increased liver blood flow compared with sorafenib-received groups. Sorafenib-loaded PAMAM dendrimer reduced BDL-induced liver injury compared with sorafenib-received groups. Moreover, sorafenib-loaded PAMAM dendrimer decreased vascular endothelial growth factor level in serum and liver tissue in comparison with sorafenib-received groups. Sorafenib-loaded PAMAM dendrimer profoundly improved the therapeutic effects of sorafenib in BDL rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Shafie
- a Department of Physiology, Medical School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Nabavizadeh
- a Department of Physiology, Medical School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Shafie Ardestani
- b Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Panahi
- c Department of Pathology, Firoozgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheila Adeli
- d Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hedayat Samandari
- a Department of Physiology, Medical School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghorbangol Ashabi
- a Department of Physiology, Medical School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Sadeghi H, Azarmehr N, Razmkhah F, Sadeghi H, Danaei N, Omidifar N, Vakilpour H, Pourghadamyari H, Doustimotlagh AH. The hydroalcoholic extract of watercress attenuates protein oxidation, oxidative stress, and liver damage after bile duct ligation in rats. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:14875-14884. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Sadeghi
- Medicinal Plants Research Center Yasuj University of Medical Sciences Yasuj Iran
| | - Nahid Azarmehr
- Student Research Committee Yasuj University of Medical Sciences Yasuj Iran
| | - Fatemeh Razmkhah
- Student Research Committee Yasuj University of Medical Sciences Yasuj Iran
| | - Heibatollah Sadeghi
- Medicinal Plants Research Center Yasuj University of Medical Sciences Yasuj Iran
| | - Nazanin Danaei
- Medicinal Plants Research Center Yasuj University of Medical Sciences Yasuj Iran
| | - Navid Omidifar
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Education Research Center, Zeinabieh Hospital, School of Medicine Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
| | - Hossein Vakilpour
- Student Research Committee Yasuj University of Medical Sciences Yasuj Iran
| | - Hossein Pourghadamyari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Doustimotlagh
- Medicinal Plants Research Center Yasuj University of Medical Sciences Yasuj Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Yasuj University of Medical Sciences Yasuj Iran
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Hepatotoxicity effect of short-term Bradykinin potentiating factor in cholestatic rats. Toxicol Lett 2019; 301:73-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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12
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Zhu L, Wang L, Cao F, Liu P, Bao H, Yan Y, Dong X, Wang D, Wang Z, Gong P. Modulation of transport and metabolism of bile acids and bilirubin by chlorogenic acid against hepatotoxicity and cholestasis in bile duct ligation rats: involvement of SIRT1-mediated deacetylation of FXR and PGC-1α. JOURNAL OF HEPATO-BILIARY-PANCREATIC SCIENCES 2018; 25:195-205. [PMID: 29360226 DOI: 10.1002/jhbp.537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics; The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; Dalian China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology; The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; Dalian China
| | - Fei Cao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery; The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; 222 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116011 China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery; The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; 222 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116011 China
| | - Haidong Bao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy; The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; Dalian China
| | - Yumei Yan
- Department of Ultrasound; The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; Dalian China
| | - Xin Dong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery; The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; 222 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116011 China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery; Dalian Municipal Central Hospital Affiliated of Dalian Medical University; Dalian China
| | - Zhongyu Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery; The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; 222 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116011 China
| | - Peng Gong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery; The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; 222 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116011 China
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A Herbal Formula, CGXII, Exerts Antihepatofibrotic Effect in Dimethylnitrosamine-Induced SD Rat Model. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:5093718. [PMID: 27340416 PMCID: PMC4907344 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5093718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the antihepatofibrotic effects of CGXII, an aqueous extract which is composed of A. iwayomogi, A. xanthioides, and S. miltiorrhiza, against dimethylnitrosamine- (DMN-) induced hepatofibrosis. Male Sprague Dawley rats were intraperitoneally injected with 10 mg/kg of DMN for 4 weeks (three consecutive days weekly). Rats were orally given distilled water, CGXII (50 or 100 mg/kg), or dimethyl dimethoxy biphenyl dicarboxylate (50 mg/kg) daily. DMN injection caused substantial alteration of total body weight and liver and spleen mass, whereas they were notably normalized by CGXII. CGXII treatment also markedly attenuated the elevation of serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels, hepatic lipid peroxidation, and protein carbonyl contents. Collagen accumulation in hepatic tissue evidenced by histopathological analysis and quantitative assessment of hepatic hydroxyproline was ameliorated by CGXII. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed decreased α-smooth muscle actin supporting the antihepatofibrotic effect of CGXII. The profibrogenic cytokines transforming growth factor-β, platelet-derived growth factor-β, and connective tissue growth factor were increased by DMN injection. Administration of CGXII normalized the protein and gene expression levels of these cytokines. Our findings suggest that CGXII lowers the levels of profibrogenic cytokines and thereby exerts antifibrotic effects.
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Zhang GB, Song YN, Chen QL, Dong S, Lu YY, Su MY, Liu P, Su SB. Actions of Huangqi decoction against rat liver fibrosis: a gene expression profiling analysis. Chin Med 2015; 10:39. [PMID: 26691002 PMCID: PMC4683959 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-015-0066-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Huangqi decoction (HQD) is used for liver fibrosis and cirrhosis treatment in Chinese medicine. This study aims to investigate the pharmacological actions of HQD against liver fibrosis in rats by high-throughput gene expression profiling, network analysis and real-time qRT-PCR. Methods We analyzed the profiles of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced liver fibrosis in rat. The liver tissue samples of control group (n = 3), model group (n = 3) and HQD group (n = 3) were examined by microarrays. Pathways were analyzed by KEGG. Pathway-gene and protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed with Cytoscape software. The expression of candidate genes was verified by qRT-PCR. P values less than 0.05 indicated statistical significance. Results Collagen deposition and hydroxyproline (Hyp) content were decreased in the HQD group compared with the model group (P < 0.001), while that of Hyp in the model group were increased compared with the control group (P < 0.001). In comparison with the model group, 1085 DEGs (all P < 0.05, |fold change| >1.5) and 52 pathways in the HQD group were identified. TGF-beta, ECM-receptor interaction, and the cell adhesion molecules pathways were significantly recovered by HQD (P < 0.001). A pathway-gene network was constructed, including 303 DEGs and 52 pathways, and 514 nodes and 2602 edges, among 142 genes with node degrees greater than 10. The expressions of PDGFra, PDGFrb, PDGFb, PDGFd, COL1A1, COL1A2, COL5A2, and THBS1 were significantly down-regulated by HQD (P < 0.001). Conclusion HQD down-regulated the expressions of PDGFra, PDGFrb, PDGFb, PDGFd, COL1A1, COL1A2, COL5A2 and THBS1, and TGF-β and PDGF signaling pathways in the DMN-induced liver fibrosis in rats. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13020-015-0066-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Biao Zhang
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Complexity System, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Ya-Nan Song
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Complexity System, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Qi-Long Chen
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Complexity System, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Shu Dong
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Complexity System, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Yi-Yu Lu
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Complexity System, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Ming-Yu Su
- Liver Disease Institute, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Ping Liu
- Liver Disease Institute, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Shi-Bing Su
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Complexity System, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
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Fahmy SR. Anti-fibrotic effect of Holothuria arenicola extract against bile duct ligation in rats. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 15:14. [PMID: 25652675 PMCID: PMC4328034 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0533-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Holothuria arenicola is the most important and abundant sea cucumber species in the Mediterranean Sea on the Egyptian coast. The present study aims to assess the anti-oxidative and anticholestatic effects of the sea cucumber Holothuria arenicola extract (HaE) in a model of bile duct ligation in male albino rats. METHODS Fifty four male Wistar albino rats were assigned into two main groups, the Sham-operated control and bile duct ligated (BDL) group. After 14 days of surgery, the animals of the group I (Sham control) received distilled water only for 7, 14 and 28 days. Second group (BDL group) was divided into 2 subgroups, animals of these subgroups treated for 7, 14 and 28 consecutive days as follow: subgroup I (BDL), rats of this subgroup administered distilled water orally. Subgroup II (HaE), animals of this subgroup treated orally with HaE (200 mg/kg body weight). RESULTS The HaE revealed significant antifibrotic effect as evident by decreasing the levels of total conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin and the activities of serum aminotransferases (ASAT and ALAT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) level, and increasing the serum albumin, glutathione reduced (GSH) levels. Treatment with HaE normalized the antioxidant enzyme, glutathione-S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities activities. CONCLUSION The present prospective study correlated the antifibrotic effect of HaE to its direct antioxidant effect that can be related to its contents of phenolic compounds specially chlorogenic acid, pyrogallol, rutin and coumaric acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohair R Fahmy
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, 12613, Giza, Egypt.
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Hepatoprotective effects of loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) lyophilized powder on dimethylnitrosamine-induced liver fibrosis in rats. Arch Pharm Res 2014; 44:1-12. [PMID: 25074038 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-014-0445-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the hepatoprotective effects and the potential therapeutic mechanisms of loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) lyophilized powder (MLP) on dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) induced liver fibrosis in rats. After treatment with MLP (50, 100, 200 mg/kg), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), albumin (Alb), total protein (TP) and hydroxyproline (Hyp) levels were detected, to assess the destruction of hepatocytes and the extent of liver fibrosis. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), hyaluronic acid (HA), Laminin (LN), procollagen type-III (PC-III), collagen type-IV (C-IV), and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) contents in serum were all tested using ELISA kits. Alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) protein contents and distribution were evaluated using western blot and immunohistochemical analysis. MLP significantly decreased the serum concentrations of ALT, AST, Hyp, HA, LN, PC-III, C-IV, MMP-2, TIMP-1, α-SMA and TGF-β1, while increasing the contents of Alb and MMP-9. No significant changes on TP serum concentrations were observed. These results suggest that MLP has anti-hepatic fibrosis effects and its mechanism may be associated with the attenuation of extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis, the acceleration of ECM degradation, inhibition of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activation and TGF-β1 expression.
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Sheen JM, Chen YC, Tain YL, Huang LT. Increased circulatory asymmetric dimethylarginine and multiple organ failure: bile duct ligation in rat as a model. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:3989-4006. [PMID: 24603538 PMCID: PMC3975379 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15033989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bile duct ligation (BDL)-treated rats exhibit cholestasis, increased systemic oxidative stress, and liver fibrosis, which ultimately lead to liver cirrhosis. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is a competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase that can decrease the synthesis of nitric oxide. BDL rats have higher plasma and hepatic ADMA levels, which may be due to increased hepatic protein arginine methyltransferase-1 and decreased dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase expression. BDL rats also exhibit renal and brain damage characterized by increased tissue ADMA concentrations. The increased plasma ADMA levels and multiple organ damages seen here are also observed following multiple organ failures associated with critical illness. This review discusses the dysregulation of ADMA in major organs in BDL rats and the role of increased ADMA in multiple organ damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiunn-Ming Sheen
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Chieh Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
| | - You-Lin Tain
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
| | - Li-Tung Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
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Kim JM, Kim HG, Han JM, Lee JS, Lee HW, Choi MK, Son CG. The herbal formula CGX ameliorates the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in alcoholic liver fibrosis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 150:892-900. [PMID: 24095833 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Revised: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGIC RELEVANCE The Chunggan extract (CGX) is a traditional herbal formula prescribed for patients suffering from various liver diseases, including alcoholic liver disease, in which the mechanism of CGX action remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the anti-hepatic fibrosis effects of CGX and its underlying mechanisms in alcohol-induced rat livers. MATERIALS AND METHODS To elucidate the mechanism of action of CGX, we evaluated gene expression profiles in the livers of rats treated with 30% alcohol and anti-fibrotic doses of CGX of 100 and 200 mg/kg/day at 1 day, and 2 and 4 weeks using microarrays. The mRNA and protein expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), one of the candidate genes selected in this study, in alcohol-induced rat livers were measured by real-time PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, respectively. RESULTS We identified 4128 genes as differentially expressed by at least twofold between alcohol-only- and alcohol-CGX-fed rats at various doses and time points, compared to naïve control animals. Twenty-three of these genes were associated with liver fibrosis and oxidative stress based on the GeneCards database, resulting in p<0.05 by ANOVA between the alcohol-only and alcohol-CGX groups. Especially, Vegf was decreased in CGX 200 mg/kg/day-fed rat livers at all time points evaluated, and mRNA and protein levels at the 4-week time point were validated. CONCLUSION These gene expression profiles provide a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the anti-fibrotic effects of CGX. Suppression of VEGF may play a critical role in anti-fibrotic action of CGX in alcoholic liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Min Kim
- (a)Liver and Immunology Research Center, Daejeon Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University, 22-5 Daeheung-dong, Jung-gu, Daejeon 301-724, Republic of Korea; (b)NAR Center, Inc., Daejeon Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon 301-724, Republic of Korea
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