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He L, Chen K, Chen Z, Chen C, Zhou J, Shao Y, Ma J, Qiu Z, Chen Y, Zhang W. Abelmoschi Corolla polysaccharides and related metabolite ameliorates colitis via modulating gut microbiota and regulating the FXR/STAT3 signaling pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:134370. [PMID: 39094864 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Ulcerative Colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the intestinal tract with unknown definitive etiology. Polysaccharides are among the most important active components of Abelmoschi Corolla, exhibitings various pharmacological activities such as antioxidation and immunomodulation. However, no studies have yet reported the application of Abelmoschi Corolla Polysaccharides (ACP) in treating UC. This study aims to highlight the therapeutic efficacy of ACP in UC and reveal the underlying mechanism. The potential therapeutic effect is initially verified using a dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis model. 16S rRNA sequencing is performed using feces samples and untargeted metabolomics using serum samples to further reveal that ACP reprograms the dysbiosis triggered by UC progression, increases the abundance of Bacteroides spp., Blautia spp., and Parabacteroides spp. at the genus level and enriches the serum concentration of 7-ketodeoxycholic acid (7-KDA). Furthermore, using the FXR-/- mouse model, it is revealed that Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) is a key target for ACP and the metabolite 7-KDA to block STAT3 phosphorylation by repairing the intestinal barrier to attenuate UC. Taken together, this work highlights the therapeutic potential of ACP against UC, mainly exerting its effects via modulating gut microbiota and regulating the FXR/STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhai He
- The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, PR China; No. 1 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Kaidi Chen
- The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, PR China; No. 1 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Zepeng Chen
- The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, PR China; No. 1 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Chen Chen
- The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, PR China; No. 1 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Jing Zhou
- The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, PR China; No. 1 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Yifan Shao
- The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, PR China; No. 1 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Jiaze Ma
- The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, PR China; No. 1 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Zhengxi Qiu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, PR China; No. 1 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Yugen Chen
- The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, PR China; Department of Colorectal Surgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, PR China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology and Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, PR China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, PR China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology and Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, PR China.
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Wang J, Liao E, Ren Z, Wang Q, Xu Z, Wu S, Yu C, Yin Y. Extraction and In Vitro Skincare Effect Assessment of Polysaccharides Extract from the Roots of Abelmoschus manihot (L.). Molecules 2024; 29:2109. [PMID: 38731598 PMCID: PMC11085328 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29092109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Obtaining high-added value compounds from agricultural waste receives increasing attention, as it can both improve resource utilization efficiency and reduce waste generation. In this study, polysaccharides are extracted from the discarded roots of Abelmoschus manihot (L.) by the high-efficiency ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). The optimized condition was determined as solid-liquid ratio SL ratio = 1:20, temperature T = 30 °C and time T = 40 min, achieving an extraction yield of 13.41%. Composition analysis revealed that glucose (Glc, 44.65%), rhamnose (Rha, 26.30%), galacturonic acid (GalA, 12.50%) and galactose (Gal, 9.86%) are the major monosaccharides of the extract. The extract showed a low degree of esterification (DE) value of 40.95%, and its Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrum exhibited several characteristic peaks of polysaccharides. Inspired by the wide cosmetic applications of polysaccharides, the skincare effect of the extract was evaluated via the moisture retention, total phenolic content (TPC) quantification, 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)-free radical scavenging activity, anti-hyaluronidase and anti-elastase activity experiments. The extract solutions demonstrated a 48 h moisture retention rate of 10.75%, which is superior to that of commercially available moisturizer hyaluronic acid (HA). Moreover, both the TPC value of 16.16 mg GAE/g (dw) and DPPH-free radical scavenging activity of 89.20% at the concentration of 2 mg/mL indicated the strong anti-oxidant properties of the extract. Furthermore, the anti-hyaluronidase activity and moderate anti-elastase activity were determined as 72.16% and 42.02%, respectively. In general, in vitro skincare effect experiments suggest moisturizing, anti-oxidant, anti-radical and anti-aging activities of the A. manihot root extract, indicating its potential applications in the cosmetic industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (J.W.); (E.L.); (Z.R.); (Z.X.); (C.Y.)
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;
| | - Enhui Liao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (J.W.); (E.L.); (Z.R.); (Z.X.); (C.Y.)
| | - Zixuan Ren
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (J.W.); (E.L.); (Z.R.); (Z.X.); (C.Y.)
| | - Qiong Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (J.W.); (E.L.); (Z.R.); (Z.X.); (C.Y.)
| | - Zenglai Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (J.W.); (E.L.); (Z.R.); (Z.X.); (C.Y.)
| | - Shufang Wu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;
| | - Chaoguang Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (J.W.); (E.L.); (Z.R.); (Z.X.); (C.Y.)
| | - Yunlong Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (J.W.); (E.L.); (Z.R.); (Z.X.); (C.Y.)
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Song Y, Fu Z, Zhu X, Zhang J, Bai W, Song B. The flower of Abelmoschus manihot (L.) medik exerts antioxidant effects by regulating the Nrf2 signalling pathway in scald injury. Wound Repair Regen 2024; 32:123-134. [PMID: 38151814 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.13146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Scald is a common skin injury in daily life. It is well known that skin burns are associated with inflammation and oxidative stress. In our previous study, we found that Abelmoschus manihot (L.) medik had excellent therapeutic effects on scald-induced inflammation, but its effect on scald-induced oxidative stress was not reported. In this study, a deep second-degree scald model in mice was established, and the wound healing rate, healing time, malondialdehyde (MDA) and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) levels, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related Factor 2 (Nrf2) expression in wound tissue were measured to evaluate the scald wound healing performance of extraction from A. manihot (L.) medik (EAM). Scalding activity in mice was examined in vivo by hot water-induced finger swelling. The treatment scald activities were also examined in vivo by subjecting mice to thermal water-induced digit swelling. Additionally, the antioxidant effect of EAM on fibroblasts was also used to determine the mechanism in vitro. The results showed that EAM not only decreased the wound healing time but also effectively regulated the levels of oxidising, MDA and T-SOD in wound tissue. Concurrently, EAM suppressed digit swelling and hyperalgesia. Furthermore, EAM had a significant protective effect on NIH-3T3 cells after H2 O2 injury by regulating the Nrf2 signalling pathway against oxidative injury. Therefore, EAM is a promising drug for the treatment of scald-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Song
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Hangzhou King's Healthcare Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zailin Fu
- Linping Campus, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinyi Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenwen Bai
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Biwei Song
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Wei C, Wang C, Li R, Bai Y, Wang X, Fang Q, Chen X, Li P. The pharmacological mechanism of Abelmoschus manihot in the treatment of chronic kidney disease. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22017. [PMID: 38058638 PMCID: PMC10695975 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Abelmoschus manihot (A.manihot) is a herbaceous flowering medicinal plant and flavonoids are its main pharmacological active ingredients. A.manihot is listed in the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia for the treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD). A.manihot significantly reduces proteinuria in CKD, and the effectiveness and safety of A.manihot in the treatment including primary glomerulonephropathy and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) have been proved by several randomized controlled trials (RCT). Emerging pharmacological studies have explored the potential active small molecules and the underlying mechanisms in A.manihot. The active constituents of A.manihot are mainly seven flavonoids, including hibifolin, hyperoside, isoquercetin, rutin, quercetin, myricetin, and quercetin-3-O-robinobioside. The mechanisms of action mainly include alleviating renal fibrosis, reducing the inflammatory response and decreasing the apoptosis of podocytes. In this review, we summarize the updated information of active components and molecular mechanisms of A.manihot on chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiting Wei
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's, Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese, People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's, Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese, People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China
| | - Run Li
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's, Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese, People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yunfeng Bai
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's, Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese, People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's, Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese, People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China
| | - Qingyun Fang
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's, Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese, People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangmei Chen
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's, Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese, People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's, Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese, People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China
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Wang R, Zeng M, Zhang B, Zhang Q, Xie S, Hu Y, Fan R, Wang M, Yu X, Zhang Y, Zheng X, Feng W. Epimedium sagittatum Maxim ameliorates adriamycin-induced nephropathy by restraining inflammation and apoptosis via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e904. [PMID: 37382268 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Modern pharmacological studies show that Epimedium sagittatum Maxim (EPI) has antioxidant, antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory effects. However, the effects of EPI on adriamycin-induced nephropathy are unclear. AIM The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of EPI on adriamycin-induced nephropathy in rats. METHODS The chemical composition of EPI was detected by high performance liquid chromatography. Network pharmacology was used to collect the effects of EPI on adriamycin nephropathy; renal histological changes, podocyte injury, inflammatory factors, oxidative stress levels, apoptosis levels, and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway were examined. Moreover, analyze the effects of icariin (the representative component of EPI) on adriamycin-induced apoptosis and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway of NRK-52e cells. RESULTS Network pharmacological results suggested that EPI may ameliorate adriamycin-induced nephropathy by inhibiting inflammatory response and regulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. The experimental results showed that EPI could improve pathological injury, renal function, podocyte injury, and inhibit inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis in adriamycin-induced nephropathy rats through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Furthermore, icariin inhibited adriamycin-induced mitochondrial apoptosis in NRK-52e cells. CONCLUSION This study suggested that EPI ameliorates adriamycin-induced nephropathy by reducing inflammation and apoptosis through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, icariin may be the pharmacodynamic substance basis for this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengnan Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Beibei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qinqin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuangshuang Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yingbo Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruyi Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengya Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuhan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoke Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weisheng Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
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Zhao L, Han S, Chai C. Huangkui capsule alleviates doxorubicin-induced proteinuria via protecting against podocyte damage and inhibiting JAK/STAT signaling. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 306:116150. [PMID: 36608778 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Huangkui capsule (HKC), a Chinese patent medicine, has been widely used in China as adjuvant therapy for chronic kidney disease (CKD). It displays superior anti-proteinuria efficacy than losartan in patients with CKD at stages 1-2, however, the mechanism of HKC alleviating proteinuria has not been well elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to confirm the therapeutic effect and investigate associated underlying mechanism of HKC against proteinuria by in vivo and in vitro experiments. MATERIALS AND METHODS We established a doxorubicin (DOX) induced proteinuria mouse model to evaluate kidney function by biochemical markers measurement and to observe histopathological alterations by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Masson's trichrome and Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS)-stained sections of renal, respectively. Moreover, the expressions of Nephrin and Podocin were measured by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western blotting analysis to investigate podocyte damage. Furthermore, we established Mouse Podocyte Clone-5 (MPC-5) injury model to identify the active components of HKC against podocyte damage by detecting the expressions of Nephrin, Podocin, and ZO-1 proteins. At last, the key protein levels of Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway were assessed by western blotting analysis to explore the underlying mechanism of HKC against proteinuria. RESULTS Our results showed that HKC administration for three consecutive weeks dose-dependently ameliorated both renal function and histopathological damages, elevated the expressions of Nephrin and Podocin, the pivotal molecules maintaining filtration function of the podocyte, indicating the promising protective effect against podocyte injury under DOX exposure. Consistently, in vitro experiments showed HKC administration effectively reversed the abnormal expressions of Nephrin and Podocin in MPC-5 cells treated with DOX, suggesting its protective effect against podocyte injury to maintain filtration barrier integrity. In addition, Hibifolin was identified as the most active ingredients in HKC, which suppressed upstream JAK2/STAT3 and PI3K/Akt pathway phosphorylation to maintain the structural and functional integrity of podocyte filtration barrier. Of note, AG490, a selective JAK2 inhibitor, was used to further affirm the role of Hibifolin involving in regulation JAK2/STAT3. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggested that HKC may protect podocytes via JAK2/STAT3 and PI3K/Akt pathway to display its effects of ameliorating proteinuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Siyuan Han
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Chengzhi Chai
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China.
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Effects of Abelmoschus manihot gum content, heating temperature and salt ions on the texture and rheology properties of konjac gum/Abelmoschus manihot gum composite gel. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 236:123970. [PMID: 36906206 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
To improve the gelling property of konjac gum (KGM) and enhance the application value of Abelmoschus manihot (L.) medic gum (AMG), a novel type of gel was prepared using KGM and AMG in this study. The effects of AMG content, heating temperature and salt ions on the characteristics of KGM/AMG composite gels were studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), zeta potential, texture analysis and dynamic rheological behavior analysis. The results indicated that the AMG content, heating temperature and salt ions could affect the gel strength of KGM/AMG composite gels. Hardness, springiness, resilience, G', G* and η* of KGM/AMG composite gels increased when AMG content increased from 0 to 2.0 %, but they decreased when AMG increased from 2.0 % to 3.5 %. High-temperature treatment significantly enhanced the texture and rheological properties of KGM/AMG composite gels. The addition of salt ions reduced the zeta potential absolute value and weakened the texture and rheological properties of KGM/AMG composite gels. Furthermore, the KGM/AMG composite gels could be classified as non-covalent gels. The non-covalent linkages included hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions. These findings would help understand the properties and formation mechanism of KGM/AMG composite gels and help improve the application value of KGM and AMG.
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Metabolomic Analysis of Stephania tetrandra- Astragalus membranaceus Herbal Pair-Improving Nephrotic Syndrome Identifies Activation of IL-13/STAT6 Signaling Pathway. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16010088. [PMID: 36678585 PMCID: PMC9863900 DOI: 10.3390/ph16010088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The Stephania tetrandra−Astragalus membranaceus herbal pair (FH) is a classic herbal pair widely used in the treatment of nephrotic syndrome (NS). The effects of Stephania tetrandra (FJ) and Astragalus membranaceus (HQ) on NS have been reported, but the mechanism of their combination on the improvement of NS are still unclear. The NS model was established by injecting adriamycin into the tail vein. FH intervention reduced the levels of serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, interleukin-6 (IL-6), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), urinary protein, and the gene expression levels of aquaporin 2 (AQP2) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) in NS rats. In addition, FH improved kidney injury in NS rats by inhibiting the expression of interleukin 13 (IL-13), phospho-signal transducers, and activators of transcription 6 (p-STAT6), Bax, cleaved-caspase3, while promoting the expression of Bcl-2. By comprehensive comparison of multiple indexes, the effects of FH on lipid metabolism, glomerular filtration rate, and inflammation were superior to that of FJ and HQ. Metabonomic studies showed that, compared with FJ and HQ, FH intervention significantly regulated tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, cysteine and methionine metabolism, and alanine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid metabolism. Pearson correlation analysis showed that succinic acid and L-aspartic acid were negatively correlated with urinary protein, cystatin C (Cys C) and BUN (p < 0.05). In summary, FH could reduce renal injury and improve NS through inhibiting the IL-13/STAT6 signal pathway, regulating endogenous metabolic pathways, such as TCA cycle, and inhibiting the expression of AQP2 and AVP genes. This study provides a comprehensive strategy to reveal the mechanism of FH on the treatment of NS, and also provides a reasonable way to clarify the compatibility of traditional Chinese medicine.
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Wang SW, Chang CC, Hsuan CF, Chang TH, Chen YL, Wang YY, Yu TH, Wu CC, Houng JY. Neuroprotective Effect of Abelmoschus manihot Flower Extracts against the H 2O 2-Induced Cytotoxicity, Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in PC12 Cells. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9100596. [PMID: 36290563 PMCID: PMC9598102 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9100596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The progression of neurodegenerative diseases is associated with oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Abelmoschus manihot L. flower (AMf) has been shown to possess excellent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. This study investigated the protective effect of ethanolic extract (AME), water extract (AMW) and supercritical extract (AMS) of AMf on PC12 neuronal cells under hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) stimulation. This study also explored the molecular mechanism underlying the protective effect of AME, which was the best among the three extracts. The experimental results showed that even at a concentration of 500 μg/mL, neither AME nor AMW showed toxic effects on PC12 cells, while AMS caused about 10% cell death. AME has the most protective effect on apoptosis of PC12 cells stimulated with 0.5 mM H2O2. This is evident by the finding when PC12 cells were treated with 500 μg/mL AME; the viability was restored from 58.7% to 80.6% in the Treatment mode (p < 0.001) and from 59.1% to 98.1% in the Prevention mode (p < 0.001). Under the stimulation of H2O2, AME significantly up-regulated the expression of antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase; promoted the production of the intracellular antioxidant; reduced glutathione; and reduced ROS generation in PC12 cells. When the acute inflammation was induced under the H2O2 stimulation, AME significantly down-regulated the pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators (e.g., TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, COX-2 and iNOS). AME pretreatment could also greatly promote the production of nucleotide excision repair (NER)-related proteins, which were down-regulated by H2O2. This finding indicates that AME could repair DNA damage caused by oxidative stress. Results from this study demonstrate that AME has the potential to delay the onset and progression of oxidative stress-induced neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Wei Wang
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chang Chang
- School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, E-Da Hospital/E-Da Dachang Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Feng Hsuan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital/E-Da Dachang Hospital/E-Da Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hsien Chang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, E-Da Hospital/E-Da Dachang Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ling Chen
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, E-Da Hospital/E-Da Dachang Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ya Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Teng-Hung Yu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital/E-Da Dachang Hospital/E-Da Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ching Wu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital/E-Da Dachang Hospital/E-Da Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Jer-Yiing Houng
- Department of Nutrition, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7-6151100 (ext. 7915)
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The Effectiveness and Safety of Abelmoschus manihot in Treating IgA Nephropathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:9730753. [PMID: 36248420 PMCID: PMC9556210 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9730753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is a common issue. In China, Abelmoschus manihot (AM) is widely used in the treatment of IgAN. However, their combined effectiveness and safety for this purpose have not yet been explored. AM is an effective medicine for treating IgAN. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of AM for IgAN. Materials and Methods The Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database (AMED), Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure Database (CNKI), Chinese Science and Technique Journals Database (VIP), and the Wanfang Database were searched from their inceptions to June 2021. Random clinical trials (RCTs) comparing the effects of AM treatment in patients with IgAN were included. The study evaluated the efficacy or effectiveness of AM for IgAN and had clear outcome data, such as total effectiveness rate or proteinuria. Results A total of 11 RCTs with 850 participants were included in this meta-analysis. The results of the meta-analysis showed that, compared with that of the conventional therapy alone, being combined with conventional treatment was significantly more effective for the total efficacy rate (OR = 4.33; 95% CI = 2.66, 7.04; P < 0.00001) and proteinuria (MD = -0.41 g/24 h; 95% CI = -0.44, -0.38; P < 0.00001) but had no effect on serum creatinine (Scr) (MD = -2.23 μmol/L; 95% CI = -5.90, 1.45; P=0.24), eGFR (MD = -0.45 mL/min·1.73 m2; 95% CI = -1.24, 2.13; P=0.60), Bun (MD = -0.22 mmol/L; 95% CI = -0.59, 0.14; P=0.23), systolic blood pressure (MD = -0.04 mmHg; 95% CI = -2.59, 2.51; P=0.98), diastolic blood pressure (MD = -0.34 mmHg, 95% CI = -1.65, 2.33; P=0.74), systolic blood pressure (MD = -0.04 mmHg, 95% CI = -2.59, 2.51; P=0.98), or serum albumin (MD = 1.70 g/L, 95% CI = -1.06, 4.45; P=0.23). Conclusions AM provided additional benefits to proteinuria individuals with IgAN. However, due to the high clinical heterogeneity and small sample size of the included trials, future studies should conduct more rigorous RCTs on the clinical efficacy and safety of AM and RCTs with a larger sample size involving multicenters.
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Ding Z, Zhao J, Wang X, Li W, Chen C, Yong C, Zhu Y, Tian F, Liu L, Yu M, Zhou E, Gu L, Yao C, Gao K. Total extract of Abelmoschus manihot L. alleviates uric acid-induced renal tubular epithelial injury via inhibition of caspase-8/caspase-3/NLRP3/GSDME signaling. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:907980. [PMID: 36052125 PMCID: PMC9424722 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.907980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The incidence of uric acid (UA)-induced kidney injury is increasing owing to the high incidence of hyperuricemia in recent years. The flower of Abelmoschus manihot (Linneus) Medik is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb widely used in the treatment of some kidney diseases. In our previous study, we reported that the total extract of A. manihot L. flower (TEA) attenuated adriamycin-induced renal tubular cell injury. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the role of TEA in UA-induced tubular cell injury. Methods: Normal rat proximal epithelial NRK-52E cells were incubated with UA to mimic hyperuricemia conditions. The role of TEA in the renal tubular cells was also assessed. The cellular morphology was observed using phase-contrast microscopy, and cell viability was analyzed using the Cell Counting kit-8. Living and dead cells were stained using a Calcein-AM/PI double stain kit. The release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was analyzed by LDH cytotoxicity Assay Kit. The expression of target proteins was analyzed using western blot analysis. Results: UA triggered NRK-52E cell injury, as evidenced by morphological changes, detachment of cells from the bottom, cell swelling, large bubbles blowing from cell membrane and loss of cell viability. UA increased release of LDH. UA induced the expression of p-ERK1/2 and the subsequent activation of caspase-8, caspase-3, and NLRP3 inflammasomes. Pyroptosis was elicited by UA after gasdermin E N-terminal (GSDME-NT) was cleaved from gasdermin E (GSDME). Z-DEVD-FMK, a caspase-3 inhibitor, suppressed the expression of both NLRP3 and GSDME-NT, but not that of caspase-8. INF39, an NLRP3 inhibitor, altered the expression of GSDME-NT expression, but not that caspase-3 and caspase-8. TEA alleviated UA-induced cell injury by suppressing ERK1/2/caspase-8/caspase-3/NLRP3/GSDME signaling. Conclusion: GSDME-mediated pyroptosis was involved in UA-induced renal tubular cell injury. This is the first study to report that TEA protects renal tubular epithelial cells against UA by inhibiting the ERK/1/2/caspase-8/caspase-3/NLRP3/GSDME pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Ding
- Division of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Division of Nephrology, Taizhou Second People’s Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Division of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xufang Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Division of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chong Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Yong
- Division of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiye Zhu
- Division of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Tian
- Division of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Liu
- Division of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Manshu Yu
- Division of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Enchao Zhou
- Division of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Liubao Gu
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunlei Yao
- Division of Nephrology, Taizhou Second People’s Hospital, Taizhou, China
- *Correspondence: Kun Gao, ; Chunlei Yao,
| | - Kun Gao
- Division of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Kun Gao, ; Chunlei Yao,
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Dai Y, Chen X, Yang H, Yang J, Hu Q, Xiao X, Guo X, Zeng J, Ma X. Evidence construction of Huangkui capsule against chronic glomerulonephritis: A systematic review and network pharmacology. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 102:154189. [PMID: 35617887 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) is a relatively common primary glomerular disease. Huangkui capsule (HKC) combined with angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) for CGN is frequently used in clinical practice, however, there is still lack of high-quality evidence-based evidence and network pharmacology to clarify the therapeutic efficacy and pharmacological mechanisms. PURPOSE Integrating evidence-based medicine and network pharmacology to explain the therapeutic efficacy and pharmacological mechanisms of ARB combined with HKC for CGN. METHODS Studies matching the topic were searched from PubMed, Web of Science, Embase database, the Cochrane Library, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, CBM databases, the VIP medicine information system and the Wanfang database and screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data of the included studies were meta-analyzed by blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (SCR), 24-h urine protein (24hUP) and effective rate (ER). A meta-analysis of the data from the included studies was performed. Then, based on the network pharmacology, the chemical ingredients in HKC and their targets of action, disease targets, common targets and other relevant information were screened, and the key pathways were relevantly annotated based on bioinformatics technology to explore the potential mechanisms of HKC and ARB for CGN. RESULTS The results showed that SCR index (p < 0.05), 24hUP index (p < 0.001) in the group treated with HKC and ARB were significantly lower than those in the control group. BUN index in the group treated with HKC and VAL were significantly lower than those in the control group (p < 0.001). Effective rate index in the group treated with HKC and ARB was significantly higher than those in the control group (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in BUN treated with IRB, LOS, and TEL (p = 0.181; p = 0.811; p = 0.067). Based on network pharmacology, the results were as follows: The PPI network indicated that STAT3, AKT1, MAPK1, TP53 and JUN were key target proteins. The results of KEGG analysis suggested that the pharmacological mechanisms were mainly associated with AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications. CONCLUSION The combination of ARB and HKC can achieve better therapeutic effects in the treatment of CGN, meanwhile, ARB and HKC have a significant improved effectiveness in the treatment of CGN compared with ARB or HKC alone. In addition, HKC and ARB synergistically treated CGN through a multi-pathway network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Dai
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China; School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Xixi Chen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Heng Yang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China; School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Jiayue Yang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China; School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Qichao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xiaolin Xiao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China; School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Xiaochuan Guo
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China; School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Jinhao Zeng
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China.
| | - Xiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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Wang Y, Feng Y, Li M, Yang M, Shi G, Xuan Z, Yin D, Xu F. Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Treatment of Chronic Kidney Diseases: Theories, Applications, and Mechanisms. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:917975. [PMID: 35924053 PMCID: PMC9340222 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.917975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common and progressive disease that has become a major public health problem on a global scale. Renal fibrosis is a common feature in the pathogenesis of CKD, which is mainly related to the excessive accumulation and deposition of extracellular matrix caused by various inflammatory factors. No ideal treatment has yet been established. In recent years, based on the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory of CKD and its molecular mechanism, clinical evidence or experimental studies have confirmed that a variety of Chinese materia medica (CMM) and their effective components can delay the progress of CKD. TCM believes that the pathogenesis of CKD is the deficiency in the root and excess in the branch, and the deficiency and excess are always accompanied by the disease. The strategies of TCM in treating CKD are mainly based on invigorating Qi, tonifying the kidneys, promoting blood circulation, removing stasis, eliminating heat and dampness, removing turbidity, and eliminating edema, and these effects are multitargeted and multifunctional. This review attempts to summarize the theories and treatment strategies of TCM in the treatment of CKD and presents the efficacy and mechanisms of several CMMs supported by clinical evidence or experimental studies. In addition, the relationship between the macroscopic of TCM and the microscopic of modern medicine and the problems faced in further research were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlai Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
- Institute for Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Ye Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Manman Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Mo Yang
- Scientific Research and Technology Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Gaoxiang Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Zihua Xuan
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Dengke Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Dengke Yin, ; Fan Xu,
| | - Fan Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Dengke Yin, ; Fan Xu,
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Huangkui Capsule Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury and Macrophage Activation by Suppressing Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2021:6626483. [PMID: 35528830 PMCID: PMC9068299 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6626483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Background Huangkui capsule (HKC) comprises the total flavonoid extract of flowers of Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medicus. This study aimed to explore the effects of HKC on lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice and LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Methods Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, histopathology, spectrophotometry, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were used for the assessments. Statistical analysis was performed using a one-way analysis of variance. Results LPS significantly increased lung inflammation, neutrophil infiltration, and oxidative stress and downregulated lung miR-451 expression. Treatment with HKC dramatically, reduced the total cell count in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and inhibited myeloperoxidase activity in the lung tissues 24 h after LPS challenge. Histopathological analysis demonstrated that HKC attenuated LPS-induced tissue oedema and neutrophil infiltration in the lung tissues. Additionally, the concentrations of tumour necrosis factor- (TNF-) α and interleukin- (IL-) 6 in BALF and IL-6 in the plasma reduced after HKC administration. Moreover, HKC could enhance glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities and upregulate the expression of miR-451 in the lung tissues. In vitro experiments revealed that HKC inhibited the production of nitric oxide, TNF-α, and IL-6 in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells and mouse primary peritoneal macrophages. Additionally, HKC downregulated LPS-induced transcription of TNF-α and IL-6 in RAW 264.7 cells. Conclusions These findings suggest that HKC has anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects that may protect mice against LPS-induced ALI and macrophage activation.
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Sun X, Li P, Lin H, Ni Z, Zhan Y, Cai G, Liu C, Chen Q, Wang W, Wang X, Zhang P, Li P, Liang M, Zheng H, Wang N, Miao L, Jin R, Guo Z, Wang Y, Chen X. Efficacy and safety of Abelmoschus manihot in treating chronic kidney diseases: A multicentre, open-label and single-arm clinical trial. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 99:154011. [PMID: 35278897 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVE The efficacy of Abelmoschus manihot (AM) in treating of chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been confirmed by prior trials. AM is also commonly combined to other medicines among CKD patients in clinic. This trial aimed at evaluating the safety of AM combination application, and further verifying the efficacy of AM in treating various types of CKD. STUDY DESIGN A multicentre, prospective, open-label, single-arm trial SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Approximately 2000 CKD patients with proteinuria (≥ 150 mg/d), from 105 centres across China INTERVENTIONS: AM was administered to patients three times per day for 24 weeks: the daily dose was based on age (> 12 years old: 2.5 g tid; 6∼12 years old: 1.5 g tid; 2∼6 years old: 1 g tid) OUTCOMES: The efficacy outcomes were the change in 24-hour proteinuria and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) from baseline to week 24. Safety outcomes included adverse events and laboratory tests. RESULTS 2054 CKD patients from 105 centres were enrolled in this trial, with 1843 (89.7%) completing the 24-week follow-up. The participants' median age was 44 years old and 44.6% were female. Compared to baseline, 24-hour proteinuria decreased 471 mg (95% confident interval, 367 to 575, p < 0.001) at week 24. eGFR did not change significantly relative to baseline with the mean increase as 1.7 ml/min/1.73 m2 (95% confident interval, -0.3 to 3.7, p = 0.09). 902 (43.9%) participants combined medication to AM during follow-up. The total incidence of adverse events was 12.9%; and the most common adverse events were hyperlipidaemia (4.1%), abnormal liver function (2.3%), upper respiratory infection (1.8%), and hyperglycaemia (1.1%). Combined medications did not change the risk for hyperlipidaemia and upper respiratory infection. The combination application with antiplatelet reagents increased the risk of abnormal liver function, and with calcium channel blockers increased the risk of hyperglycaemia. LIMITATIONS Single-arm clinical trial and short observation time CONCLUSION: We have provided safety information of AM on various types of CKD in a large trial, especially when combination to medications most commonly prescribed to CKD patients. AM also showed to decrease proteinuria with stable kidney function during follow up. AM is a promising treatment for CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, China.
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Hongli Lin
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, China
| | - Zhaohui Ni
- Department of Nephrology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yongli Zhan
- Department of Nephrology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Guangyan Cai
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Qinkai Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Wenge Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Xiaoqin Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of TCM, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Peiqing Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Heilongjiang Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ha'erbin, 150036, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Nephrology, Yantai Yu Huang Ding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, China
| | - Meng Liang
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese People's Liberation Army No.174 Hospital, Xiamen, 361003, China
| | - Hongguang Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, The Chinese people's liberation army general hospital in northern war zone, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Niansong Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Six Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Lining Miao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Ruixia Jin
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, China
| | - Zhiyong Guo
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Hai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xiangmei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, China.
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Yao T, Su W, Han S, Lu Y, Xu Y, Chen M, Wang Y. Recent Advances in Traditional Chinese Medicine for Treatment of Podocyte Injury. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:816025. [PMID: 35281899 PMCID: PMC8914202 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.816025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocyte is also called glomerular epithelial cell, which has been considered as the final gatekeeper of glomerular filtration barrier (GFB). As a major contributor to proteinuria, podocyte injury underlies a variety of glomerular diseases and becomes the challenge to patients and their families in general. At present, the therapeutic methods of podocyte injury mainly include angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers, steroid and immunosuppressive medications. Nevertheless, the higher cost and side effects seriously disturb patients with podocyte injury. Promisingly, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has received an increasing amount of attention from different countries in the treatment of podocyte injury by invigorating spleen and kidney, clearing heat and eliminating dampness, as well enriching qi and activating blood. Therefore, we searched articles published in peer-reviewed English-language journals through Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, and Science Direct. The protective effects of active ingredients, herbs, compound prescriptions, acupuncture and moxibustion for treatment of podocyte injury were further summarized and analyzed. Meanwhile, we discussed feasible directions for future development, and analyzed existing deficiencies and shortcomings of TCM in the treatment of podocyte injury. In conclusion, this paper shows that TCM treatments can serve as promising auxiliary therapeutic methods for the treatment of podocyte injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianwen Yao
- Department of Nephrology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenxiang Su
- Department of Nephrology, The People’s Hospital of Mengzi, Mengzi, China
| | - Shisheng Han
- Department of Nephrology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanqiu Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yi Wang,
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17
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Gao Y, Liang Z, Lv N, Shan J, Zhou H, Zhang J, Shi L. Exploring the total flavones of Abelmoschus manihot against IAV-induced lung inflammation by network pharmacology. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:36. [PMID: 35123452 PMCID: PMC8817495 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03509-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medicus (AM) is a medicinal plant with various biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral and immunomodulatory. Previous studies have identified total flavones as the primary bioactive ingredient of AM (termed TFA). However, its role and mechanism in counteracting Influenza A virus (IAV) infection are yet to be explored. Therefore, the study aims to study the antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects of TFA on IAV in vitro and in vivo. Methods A network pharmacology-based approach was applied to identify the antiviral mechanism of TFA against IAV. For the mechanism validation, the cytopathic effect reduction assay evaluated the antiviral activity of TFA in vitro. Meanwhile, the mice were intranasally infected with IAV to induce lung infection. The antiviral effect of TFA was observed in vivo. Further investigation whether the reprogramming microbiome in the TFA treatment group affected antiviral, we conducted a microbial-transfer study with co-housing experiments. Results By applying the network pharmacology-based methods (PPI, GO, and KEGG), we identified 167 potential targets of TFA action, among which 62 targets were related to IAV pathogenesis. A core network containing the pro-inflammatory TNFα, IL-6, IL-1β, MAPKs, and RIG-I receptor signaling pathway was further confirmed as the crucial targets for anti-influenza efficacy of TFA. We demonstrate that TFA provided profound protection against pulmonary IAV infection, which alleviated inflammatory responses, decreased MAPK signaling pathway and expedited viral eradiation. Conclusions Our study unveils a pivotal role for TFA in controlling viral infection and dampening pathology, making it a promising strategy for treating IAV-induced pneumonia. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-022-03509-0.
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18
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Khan MA, Kassianos AJ, Hoy WE, Alam AK, Healy HG, Gobe GC. Promoting Plant-Based Therapies for Chronic Kidney Disease. J Evid Based Integr Med 2022; 27:2515690X221079688. [PMID: 35243916 PMCID: PMC8902019 DOI: 10.1177/2515690x221079688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is debilitating, increasing in incidence worldwide, and a financial and social burden on health systems. Kidney failure, the final stage of CKD, is life-threatening if untreated with kidney replacement therapies. Current therapies using commercially-available drugs, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers and calcium channel blockers, generally only delay the progression of CKD. This review article focuses on effective alternative therapies to improve the prevention and treatment of CKD, using plants or plant extracts. Three mechanistic processes that are well-documented in CKD pathogenesis are inflammation, fibrosis, and oxidative stress. Many plants and their extracts are already known to ameliorate kidney dysfunction through antioxidant action, with subsequent benefits on inflammation and fibrosis. In vitro and in vivo experiments using plant-based therapies for pre-clinical research demonstrate some robust therapeutic benefits. In the CKD clinic, combination treatments of plant extracts with conventional therapies that are seen as relatively successful currently may confer additive or synergistic renoprotective effects. Therefore, the aim of recent research is to identify, rigorously test pre-clinically and clinically, and avoid any toxic outcomes to obtain optimal therapeutic benefit from medicinal plants. This review may prove to be a filtering tool to researchers into complementary and alternative medicines to find out the current trends of using plant-based therapies for the treatment of kidney diseases, including CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ali Khan
- NHMRC CKD CRE (CKD.QLD), Univ of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Univ of Queensland, Australia.,Conjoint Internal Medicine Laboratory, Chemical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Kidney Disease Research Collaborative, Princess Alexandra Hospital and Univ of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Bangladesh
| | - Andrew J Kassianos
- Conjoint Internal Medicine Laboratory, Chemical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Centre for Chronic Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Univ of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Kidney Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.,IHBI, Queensland Univ of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Wendy E Hoy
- NHMRC CKD CRE (CKD.QLD), Univ of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Centre for Chronic Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Univ of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Helen G Healy
- NHMRC CKD CRE (CKD.QLD), Univ of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Conjoint Internal Medicine Laboratory, Chemical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Centre for Chronic Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Univ of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Kidney Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Glenda C Gobe
- NHMRC CKD CRE (CKD.QLD), Univ of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Univ of Queensland, Australia.,Kidney Disease Research Collaborative, Princess Alexandra Hospital and Univ of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
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19
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Molecular Mechanistic Pathways Targeted by Natural Antioxidants in the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:antiox11010015. [PMID: 35052518 PMCID: PMC8772744 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the progressive loss of renal function and the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Despite optimal therapy, many patients progress to ESRD and require dialysis or transplantation. The pathogenesis of CKD involves inflammation, kidney fibrosis, and blunted renal cellular antioxidant capacity. In this review, we have focused on in vitro and in vivo experimental and clinical studies undertaken to investigate the mechanistic pathways by which these compounds exert their effects against the progression of CKD, particularly diabetic nephropathy and kidney fibrosis. The accumulated and collected data from preclinical and clinical studies revealed that these plants/bioactive compounds could activate autophagy, increase mitochondrial bioenergetics and prevent mitochondrial dysfunction, act as modulators of signaling pathways involved in inflammation, oxidative stress, and renal fibrosis. The main pathways targeted by these compounds include the canonical nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), canonical transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), autophagy, and Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)/nuclear factor erythroid factor 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant response element (ARE). This review presented an updated overview of the potential benefits of these antioxidants and new strategies to treat or reduce CKD progression, although the limitations related to the traditional formulation, lack of standardization, side effects, and safety.
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20
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Shao M, Ye C, Bayliss G, Zhuang S. New Insights Into the Effects of Individual Chinese Herbal Medicines on Chronic Kidney Disease. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:774414. [PMID: 34803715 PMCID: PMC8599578 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.774414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical and experimental study into the effects of Chinese herbal medicines on chronic kidney disease has evolved over the past 40 years with new insight into their mechanism and evidence of their clinical effects. Among the many traditional Chinese herbs examined in chronic renal disease, five were found to have evidence of sufficient clinical efficacy, high frequency of use, and well-studied mechanism. They are: Abelmoschus manihot and Huangkui capsule, Salvia miltiorrhiza and its components (tanshinone II A, salvianolic acid A and B); Rhizoma coptidis and its monomer berberine; Tripterygium wilfordii and its components (triptolide, tripterygium glycosides); Kudzu root Pueraria and its monomer Puerarin. These Chinese herbal medications have pharmaceutical effects against fibrosis, inflammation and oxidative stress and also promote renal repair and regeneration. This article reviews their clinical efficacy, anti-fibrotic effects in animal models, and molecular mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghai Shao
- Department of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaoyang Ye
- Department of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - George Bayliss
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Shougang Zhuang
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.,Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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21
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Mostafa RE, Morsi AH, Asaad GF. Anti-inflammatory effects of saxagliptin and vildagliptin against doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats: attenuation of NLRP3 inflammasome up-regulation and tubulo-interstitial injury. Res Pharm Sci 2021; 16:547-558. [PMID: 34522201 PMCID: PMC8407158 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.323920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose: The clinical use of the chemotherapeutic drug, doxorubicin (DXR), is significantly limited by its extensive multi-organ toxicity. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) is over-expressed in oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. DPP4 inhibitors have proven pleiotropic effects. The study investigates the protective effects of some DDP4 inhibitors; namely, saxagliptin (SAX) and vildagliptin (VIL) against DXR-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Experimental approach: Forty rats were divided into 4 groups. Group I served as normal control. Nephrotoxicity was induced in the remaining 3 groups by single-DXR injection (15 mg/kg, i.p.). Groups III and IV administered oral SAX (10 mg/kg) and VIL (10 mg/kg) for 2 weeks. Findings/Results: DXR-control rats showed deteriorated renal functions, elevated renal inflammatory parameters (tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)), up-regulated nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor containing pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and significant tubulointerstitial injury manifested by elevated neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin concentration and distorted renal histopathological pictures. Immunohistochemical studies showed increased iNOS and Bax positivity in renal tissues of DXR-control rats. Treatment with SAX and VIL significantly attenuated DXR-induced nephrotoxicity via alleviation of all the above-mentioned parameters when compared to DXR-control rats. Conclusion and implications: The study elucidated the possible mechanisms beyond DXR-induced nephrotoxicity to be through inflammation plus tubulointerstitial injury. DXR nephrotoxicity has been linked to TNF-α, IL-1β, and NLRP3 inflammasome up-regulation and iNOS expression. The protective role of SAX and VIL in mitigating the tubular injury and inflammatory effects of DXR on renal tissues has been tested and proved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Ezzat Mostafa
- Pharmacology Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Azza Hassan Morsi
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Gihan Farag Asaad
- Pharmacology Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
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22
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Liu C, Jia Y, Qiu Y. Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medic Flowers Exerts Inhibitory Effects Against Oxidative Stress in H 2O 2-Induced HepG2 Cells and D-Galactose-Induced Aging Mice. J Med Food 2021; 24:997-1009. [PMID: 34524027 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2021.k.0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been demonstrated to be associated with numerous aging-related diseases. Ethyl acetate fraction of Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medic (EA) had been reported to possess strong radical-scavenging activity due to its rich content of flavonoids. This work aimed to determine the protective effects of EA against oxidative injuries in vivo and in vitro, as well as to explore the relevant mechanisms behind these effects. Pretreatment with EA significantly elevated cell viability of H2O2-induced HepG2 cells, reduced the reactive oxygen species level, decreased apoptotic cells, and inhibited activities of caspase 3/9. Meanwhile, EA pretreatment elevated the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), while reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) generation and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release dose-dependently. In addition, EA modulated key marker genes expression of antioxidation and apoptosis-related signaling pathways at the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels. In the animal studies, EA also significantly enhanced the antioxidant activity and reduced MDA generation in serum, liver, and brain of the D-galactose (D-gal)-induced mice. Furthermore, the histological analysis indicated that EA effectively alleviated liver and brain injury of mice induced by D-gal, dose-dependently. EA as a potential antioxidant agent promoted health and reduced the risk of aging-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- College of Food Science and Biology, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yanli Jia
- College of Food Science and Biology, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yan Qiu
- College of Food Science and Biology, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China
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23
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Al Mamun A, Ara Mimi A, Wu Y, Zaeem M, Abdul Aziz M, Aktar Suchi S, Alyafeai E, Munir F, Xiao J. Pyroptosis in diabetic nephropathy. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 523:131-143. [PMID: 34529985 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN), a sterile inflammatory disease, is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus. However, recent evidence indicates that pyroptosis, a new term for pro-inflammatory cell death featured by gasdermin D (GSDMD)-stimulated plasma membrane pore generation, cell expansion and rapid lysis with the extensive secretion of pro-inflammatory factors, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and -18 (IL-18) may be involved in DN. Caspase-1-induced canonical and caspase-4/5/11-induced non-canonical inflammasome-signaling pathways are mainly believed to participate in pyroptosis-mediated cell death. Further research has uncovered that activation of the caspase-3/8 signaling pathway may also activate pyroptosis. Accumulating evidence has shown that NLRP3 inflammasome activation plays a critical role in promoting the pathogenesis of DN. In addition, current studies have suggested that pyroptosis-induced cell death promotes several diabetic complications that include DN. Our present study briefs the cellular mechanisms of pyroptosis-related signaling pathways and their impact on the promotion of DN. In this review, several investigational compounds suppressing pyroptosis-mediated cell death are explored as promising therapeutics in DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Al Mamun
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Anjuman Ara Mimi
- Department of Pharmacy, Daffodil International University, Dhanmondi-27, Dhaka 1209, Bangladesh
| | - Yanqing Wu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Muhammad Zaeem
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Md Abdul Aziz
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh; Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Molecular Biology, Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Suzia Aktar Suchi
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, South Korea
| | - Eman Alyafeai
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Fahad Munir
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China; Department of Hand Surgery and Peripheral Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated of Hospital Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China.
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24
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Zheng X, Zhong Q, Lin X, Gu X, Ling X, Liang Z, Qin Q, Du X. Transforming growth factor-β1-induced podocyte injury is associated with increased microRNA-155 expression, enhanced inflammatory responses and MAPK pathway activation. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:620. [PMID: 33936277 PMCID: PMC8082603 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-155 (miR-155) is associated with various diseases. However, the potential role of miR-155 in early glomerular disease (EGD) remains elusive. In the present study, the clinical significance of urinary miR-155 expression was explored in patients with EGD using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Conditionally immortalized mouse podocytes were cultured in vitro and treated with transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) at different concentrations and durations. The gene expression levels of mRNAs and miR-155 were detected using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Synaptopodin, CD2-associated protein (CD2AP), p38, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) 1/2 expressions were detected using western blotting. Cell supernatants were collected for assaying tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 concentrations using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between miR-155 levels and TNF-α or IL-6. It was found that miR-155 levels in urine have high sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of EGD. Time- and dose-dependent TGF-β1 treatments downregulated synaptopodin and CD2AP expression levels, and activated the p38 and Erk 1/2 pathway. However, these effects were attenuated by p38 and Erk 1/2 phosphorylation inhibitors. Additionally, TNF-α and IL-6 secretions were elevated, and their concentrations were positively correlated with the expression of miR-155 during podocyte injury. Thus, the present study indicated that miR-155 is a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of EGD, and its expression is associated with the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway in TGF-β1-induced podocyte injury. The present study suggests that the TGF-β1/miR-155/MAPK axis is a novel target in the mechanism of EGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintong Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi 533000, P.R. China
| | - Qiuhong Zhong
- Department of Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi 533000, P.R. China
| | - Xu Lin
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi 533000, P.R. China
| | - Xianjun Gu
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi 533000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Ling
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi 533000, P.R. China
| | - Zhao Liang
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi 533000, P.R. China
| | - Qing Qin
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi 533000, P.R. China
| | - Xiuri Du
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi 533000, P.R. China
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25
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Zhao M, Yu Y, Wang R, Chang M, Ma S, Qu H, Zhang Y. Mechanisms and Efficacy of Chinese Herbal Medicines in Chronic Kidney Disease. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:619201. [PMID: 33854427 PMCID: PMC8039908 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.619201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As the current treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is limited, it is necessary to seek more effective and safer treatment methods, such as Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs). In order to clarify the modern theoretical basis and molecular mechanisms of CHMs, we reviewed the knowledge based on publications in peer-reviewed English-language journals, focusing on the anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, anti-apoptotic, autophagy-mediated and antifibrotic effects of CHMs commonly used in kidney disease. We also discussed recently published clinical trials and meta-analyses in this field. Based on recent studies regarding the mechanisms of kidney disease in vivo and in vitro, CHMs have anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, anti-apoptotic, autophagy-mediated, and antifibrotic effects. Several well-designed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses demonstrated that the use of CHMs as an adjuvant to conventional medicines may benefit patients with CKD. Unknown active ingredients, low quality and small sample sizes of some clinical trials, and the safety of CHMs have restricted the development of CHMs. CHMs is a potential method in the treatment of CKD. Further study on the mechanism and well-conducted RCTs are urgently needed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of CHMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Rumeng Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Meiying Chang
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sijia Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Qu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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26
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Okra ( Abelmoschus Esculentus) as a Potential Dietary Medicine with Nutraceutical Importance for Sustainable Health Applications. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26030696. [PMID: 33525745 PMCID: PMC7865958 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, there has been a paradigm shift from conventional therapies to relatively safer phytotherapies. This divergence is crucial for the management of various chronic diseases. Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) is a popular vegetable crop with good nutritional significance, along with certain therapeutic values, which makes it a potential candidate in the use of a variety of nutraceuticals. Different parts of the okra fruit (mucilage, seed, and pods) contain certain important bioactive components, which confer its medicinal properties. The phytochemicals of okra have been studied for their potential therapeutic activities on various chronic diseases, such as type-2 diabetes, cardiovascular, and digestive diseases, as well as the antifatigue effect, liver detoxification, antibacterial, and chemo-preventive activities. Moreover, okra mucilage has been widely used in medicinal applications such as a plasma replacement or blood volume expanders. Overall, okra is considered to be an easily available, low-cost vegetable crop with various nutritional values and potential health benefits. Despite several reports about its therapeutic benefits and potential nutraceutical significance, there is a dearth of research on the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of okra, which has hampered its widespread use in the nutraceutical industry. This review summarizes the available literature on the bioactive composition of okra and its potential nutraceutical significance. It will also provide a platform for further research on the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of okra for its possible commercial production as a therapeutic agent against various chronic diseases.
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27
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Luan F, Wu Q, Yang Y, Lv H, Liu D, Gan Z, Zeng N. Traditional Uses, Chemical Constituents, Biological Properties, Clinical Settings, and Toxicities of Abelmoschus manihot L.: A Comprehensive Review. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1068. [PMID: 32973492 PMCID: PMC7482509 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abelmoschus manihot, an annual herbal flowering plant, is widely distributed throughout eastern Europe and in temperate and subtropical regions of Asia. Its flowers have been traditionally used for the treatment of chronic kidney disease in China. Currently, more than 128 phytochemical ingredients have been obtained and identified from the flowers, seeds, stems, and leaves of A. manihot. The primary components are flavonoids, amino acids, nucleosides, polysaccharides, organic acids, steroids, and volatile oils. A. manihot and its bioactive constituents possess a plethora of biological properties, including antidiabetic nephropathy, antioxidant, antiadipogenic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anticonvulsant, antidepressant, antiviral, antitumor, cardioprotective, antiplatelet, neuroprotective, immunomodulatory, and hepatoprotective activities, and have effects on cerebral infarction, bone loss, etc. However, insufficient utilization and excessive waste have already led to a rapid reduction of resources, meaning that a study on the sustainable use of A. manihot is urgent and necessary. Moreover, the major biologically active constituents and the mechanisms of action of the flowers have yet to be elucidated. The present paper provides an early and comprehensive review of the traditional uses, chemical constituents, pharmacological activities, and pharmaceutical, quality control, toxicological, and clinical settings to emphasize the benefits of this plant and lays a solid foundation for further development of A. manihot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Luan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Tuberculosis Prevention and Treatment, Xi'an, China.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qianhong Wu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Tuberculosis Prevention and Treatment, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Haizhen Lv
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Tuberculosis Prevention and Treatment, Xi'an, China
| | - Daoheng Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Tuberculosis Prevention and Treatment, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhaoping Gan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Tuberculosis Prevention and Treatment, Xi'an, China
| | - Nan Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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28
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Gu LF, Ge HT, Zhao L, Wang YJ, Zhang F, Tang HT, Cao ZY, Yu BY, Chai CZ. Huangkui Capsule Ameliorates Renal Fibrosis in a Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction Mouse Model Through TRPC6 Dependent Signaling Pathways. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:996. [PMID: 32719603 PMCID: PMC7350529 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is the final common pathological manifestation of almost all progressive chronic kidney diseases (CKD). Transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels, especially TRPC3/6, were proposed to be essential therapeutic targets for kidney injury. Huangkui capsule (HKC), an important adjuvant therapy for CKD, showed superior efficacy for CKD at stages 1–2 in clinical practice. However, its anti-fibrotic effect and the underlying mechanisms remain to be investigated. In the present study, we evaluated the efficacy of HKC on renal fibrosis in a mouse model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and explored the potential underlying mechanism. Administration of HKC by intragastric gavage dose-dependently suppressed UUO-induced kidney injury and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Similarly, HKC suppressed the expression level of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), increased the expression of E-cadherin, and suppressed the mRNA expression of a plethora of proinflammatory mediators that are necessary for the progression of renal fibrosis. Mechanistically, HKC suppressed both canonical and non-canonical TGF-β signaling pathways in UUO mice as well as the TRPC6/calcineurin A (CnA)/nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) signaling axis. In addition, TRPC6 knockout mice and HKC treated wild type mice displayed comparable protection on UUO-triggered kidney tubulointerstitial injury, interstitial fibrosis, and α-SMA expression. More importantly, HKC had no additional protective effect on UUO-triggered kidney tubulointerstitial injury and interstitial fibrosis in TRPC6 knockout mouse. Further investigation demonstrated that HKC could directly suppress TRPC3/6 channel activities. Considered together, these data demonstrated that the protective effect of HKC on renal injury and interstitial fibrosis is dependent on TRPC6, possibly through direct inhibition of TRPC6 channel activity and indirect suppression of TRPC6 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Fei Gu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hai-Tao Ge
- Institute of Huanghui, Jiangsu Suzhong Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Taizhou, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Jing Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hai-Tao Tang
- Institute of Huanghui, Jiangsu Suzhong Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Taizhou, China
| | - Zheng-Yu Cao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo-Yang Yu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng-Zhi Chai
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Li N, Tang H, Wu L, Ge H, Wang Y, Yu H, Zhang X, Ma J, Gu HF. Chemical constituents, clinical efficacy and molecular mechanisms of the ethanol extract of Abelmoschus manihot flowers in treatment of kidney diseases. Phytother Res 2020; 35:198-206. [PMID: 32716080 PMCID: PMC7891592 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Abelmoschus manihot, also called as “Huangkui” in Chinese, is an annual flowering herb plant in the family of Malvaceae. As a traditional Chinese medicine, the ethanol extract of the flower in Abelmoschus manihot is made as Huangkui capsule and has been used for medication of the patients with kidney diseases. Its efficacy in clinical symptoms is mainly improving renal function and reducing proteinuria among the patients with chronic kidney disease, diabetic kidney disease or IgA nephropathy. The possible mechanism of Huangkui capsule treatment in kidney diseases may include reducing inflammation and anti‐oxidative stress, improving immune response, protecting renal tubular epithelial cells, ameliorating podocyte apoptosis, glomerulosclerosis and mesangial proliferation, as well as inhibiting renal fibrosis. In this review, we first described chemical constituents and pharmacokinetic characteristics in ethanol extract of the flower of Abelmoschus manihot. We then summarized the clinical and epidemiological relevancies of kidney diseases particularly in the mainland of China and discussed the possible molecular mechanisms of Huangkui capsule in the treatment of kidney diseases. Finally, we prospected further research on cellular and molecular mechanisms and application of this Chinese natural medicine in kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- Center for Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haitao Tang
- Suzhong Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Liang Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.,Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haitao Ge
- Suzhong Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yurong Wang
- Center for Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Honglin Yu
- Suzhong Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jimei Ma
- Suzhong Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Harvest F Gu
- Center for Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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Treatment Efficacy of Chuang Ling Ye, a Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine Compound, on Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:6964801. [PMID: 32714413 PMCID: PMC7341429 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6964801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective To explore whether Chuang Ling Ye (CLY), a traditional Chinese herbal medicine compound, could improve the treatment of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) via decreasing inflammatory response. Methods Herein, 40 patients with IGM who had wounds requiring dressing change were enrolled and randomly divided into two groups: the CLY group and the control group. The size of the neoplasm and pain score of patients were followed-up for 4 weeks. Local tissues were taken during dressing change and examined by commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. The levels of inflammatory markers, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-2, IL-6, interferon gamma (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured. Results After treatment, the size of the neoplasm in the CLY group was significantly smaller than that in the control group (14.28 cm ± 8.96 cm vs. 21.14 cm ± 0.12 cm, P=0.038), and the pain scores were markedly reduced (P=0.004). Besides, CLY downregulated the expression levels of IL-1β, IFN-γ, and TNF-α. Conclusion External use of CLY could reduce the neoplasm of IGM by inhibiting local inflammation. This trial is registered with ChiCTR1800017744.
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Li P, Lin H, Ni Z, Zhan Y, He Y, Yang H, Fang J, Wang N, Li W, Cai G, Chen Y, Zhang P, Wang X, Chen Q, Li Z, Sun X, Chen X. Efficacy and safety of Abelmoschus manihot for IgA nephropathy: A multicenter randomized clinical trial. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 76:153231. [PMID: 32535481 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVE IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is an important cause for end-stage renal disease worldwide. The treatment for IgAN remains challenging, and few randomized and controlled clinical trials have been conducted to evaluate new therapies. The present study assesses the efficacy and safety of Abelmoschus manihot (AM) in IgAN patients. STUDY DESIGN Randomized, non-inferiority, double-blind, double-dummy multicenter trial. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS This trial was designed to recruit 1,600 biopsy-proven IgAN patients (proteinuria between 0.5-3.0 g/d and estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] of ≥ 45 ml/min/1.73 m2) across China. INTERVENTIONS The participants were randomized at 1:1 to AM (2.5 g for three times per day) or losartan potassium (100 mg per day) for 48 weeks. OUTCOMES The primary outcome was the change in 24-hour proteinuria from baseline to week 48. The secondary outcomes were the change in eGFR from baseline to week 48, and the incidents of endpoint events (proteinuria ≥ 3.5 g/24 h, doubling of serum creatinine, or receiving renal replacement treatment). RESULTS Among 1,470 randomized patients (mean age, 37.4 [SD, 10.6] years old; 777 [52.9%] were female; mean eGFR, 95.0 [SD, 24.3] mL/min/1.73 m2; mean 24-hour proteinuria, 1.2 [SD, 0.7] g/d), the mean decline in 24-h proteinuria at week 48 was 230 mg and 253 mg in the AM and losartan potassium groups, respectively (P = 0.676). The mean difference in the change in 24-h proteinuria between these two groups was -23.32 mg (95% confident interval: -123.2 to 76.6, p = 0.647). The mean decline in eGFR was 0.41 ml/min/1.73 m2 and 0.76 ml/min/1.73 m2 in the AM and losartan potassium groups, respectively (p = 0.661). The mean difference in the change in eGFR between these two groups was -0.43 ml/min/1.73 m2 (95% confident interval: -1.99 to 1.13, p = 0.589). The incidence of endpoint events was 8.6% in the AM group and 8.2% in the losartan group (p = 0.851). LIMITATIONS The results of the trial may not be generalized to IgAN patients with a proteinuria of > 3.0 g/d and an eGFR of < 45 ml/min/1.73 m2. The long-term benefits of AM in reducing the risk of progressive renal dysfunction remains unclear, based on this 48-week observation. CONCLUSION AM can be recommended as a promising treatment for IgAN patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Hongli Lin
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, China
| | - Zhaohui Ni
- Department of Nephrology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yongli Zhan
- Department of Nephrology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yani He
- Department of Nephrology, Da Ping Hospital of Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Hongtao Yang
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of TCM, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Jingai Fang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Niansong Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Six Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Wenge Li
- Department of Nephrology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Guangyan Cai
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yizhi Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Peiqing Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Heilongjiang Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang, 150036, China
| | - Xiaoqin Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, China
| | - Qinkai Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Zhenjiang Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, China
| | - Xuefeng Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, China.
| | - Xiangmei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, China.
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Gou L, Liu G, Ma R, Regmi A, Zeng T, Zheng J, Zhong X, Chen L. High fat-induced inflammation in vascular endothelium can be improved by Abelmoschus esculentus and metformin via increasing the expressions of miR-146a and miR-155. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2020; 17:35. [PMID: 32467714 PMCID: PMC7222555 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-020-00459-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is associated with chronic inflammation, which contributes to cardiovascular diseases. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are reported to be involved in vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis. Abelmoschus esculentus (AE) and metformin have been suggested to improve inflammation in vascular system. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether miRNAs are involved in high fat induced endothelial inflammation, and whether AE and metformin improve endothelial inflammation by regulating miRNAs. Methods We established high fat treated rats and human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). AE and metformin were added to explore their effects on endothelial inflammation induced by high fat and the possible mechanism. Results The vascular inflammatory genes were increased in rats treated with high fat diet. The decreased miR-146a and miR-155 were involved in endothelial inflammation induced by high fat through targeting IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1), TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) and nuclear factor-κB p65 (NF-κB p65), respectively. While AE and metformin could ameliorate the endothelial inflammation by increasing miR-146a and miR-155. Conclusions These results indicate that miR-146a and miR-155 play roles in the high fat induced endothelial inflammation, which could be potential therapeutic targets. AE and metformin can attenuate endothelial inflammation through regulating miR-146a and miR-155.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luoning Gou
- 1Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China.,2Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Geng Liu
- 1Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China.,Hubei provincial Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Rong Ma
- 1Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China.,Hubei provincial Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Anita Regmi
- 1Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China.,Hubei provincial Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Tianshu Zeng
- 1Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China.,Hubei provincial Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Zheng
- 1Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China.,Hubei provincial Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Xueyu Zhong
- 1Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China.,Hubei provincial Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Lulu Chen
- 1Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China.,Hubei provincial Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Wuhan, China
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Hou J, Qian J, Li Z, Gong A, Zhong S, Qiao L, Qian S, Zhang Y, Dou R, Li R, Yang Y, Gu C. Bioactive Compounds from Abelmoschus manihot L. Alleviate the Progression of Multiple Myeloma in Mouse Model and Improve Bone Marrow Microenvironment. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:959-973. [PMID: 32099399 PMCID: PMC6999766 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s235944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medik. (Malvaceae) derived Huangkui capsules (HKC) represent a traditional Chinese medicine that has been widely applied to the clinical therapy of kidney and inflammatory diseases. The present study aimed to determine the potential therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms of the ingredients on Multiple Myeloma (MM), an incurable disease that exhibits malignant plasma cell clonal expansion in the bone marrow. Methods A 5TMM3VT syngeneic MM-prone model was established and treated with HKC. Murine pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 and pre-osteoclast Raw264.7 cells were treated with nine flavonoid compounds extracted from the flowers of Abelmoschus manihot. MC3T3-E1 and Raw264.7 cells were then examined by alizarin red staining and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity staining, respectively. The proliferation of two human MM cells (ARP1, H929) was examined by performing an MTT assay following treatment with flavonoid compounds. Additionally, the cell cycle was analyzed via staining and flow cytometry. The differential expressions of certain proteins were detected via Western blotting, transcriptomic RNA-sequencing as well as RT-qPCR. Results The results revealed that MM-prone animals appeared to be protected following HKC treatment, as evidenced by a prolonged survival rate. Furthermore, four of the nine flavonoid compounds [Hyperin/Hyperoside, HK-2; Cannabiscitrin, HK-3; 3-O-kaempferol-3-O-acetyl-6-O-(p-coumaroyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside, HK-11; 8-(2’’-pyrrolidione-5’’-yl)-quercetin, HK-B10] induced the differentiation of murine pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells. In addition, two compounds [Isomyricitrin, HK-8; quercetin-8-(2’’-pyrrolidione-5”-yl)-3ʹ-O-β-D-glucopyranosid, HK-E3] suppressed osteoclastogenesis in murine Raw264.7 cells. HK-11 directly inhibited MM cells (ARP1 and H929) proliferation and induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, which may have involved the suppressing β-catenin protein, increasing expressions of IL-6 and TNF-α, as well as activating mature TGF-β1 and some other metabolic pathways. Conclusion These results of the present study indicated that the bio-active ingredients of HKC exerted protective effects on MM mouse survival through promoting osteoblastogenesis and suppressing osteoclastogenesis, thus improving the bone marrow microenvironment to inhibit MM cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhao Hou
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210001, People's Republic of China.,School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinjun Qian
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenlin Li
- Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing 210028, People's Republic of China
| | - Aixiu Gong
- Department of Stomatology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Sixia Zhong
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Qiao
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Shihui Qian
- Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing 210028, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanxin Zhang
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Renjie Dou
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Li
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Yang
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Gu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210001, People's Republic of China.,School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
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Li W, He W, Xia P, Sun W, Shi M, Zhou Y, Zhu W, Zhang L, Liu B, Zhu J, Zhu Y, Zhou E, Sun M, Gao K. Total Extracts of Abelmoschus manihot L. Attenuates Adriamycin-Induced Renal Tubule Injury via Suppression of ROS-ERK1/2-Mediated NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:567. [PMID: 31191310 PMCID: PMC6548014 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medik. (Malvaceae) is a herb used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat some kidney diseases. To date, the detailed mechanisms by which A. manihot improves some kinds of renal disease are not fully understood. In this study, we established Adriamycin-induced NRK-52E cells, the normal rat kidney epithelial cell line, injury, and Sprague-Dawley rats with Adriamycin-induced nephropathy to evaluate the role and mechanisms of total extracts of A. manihot flower (TEA) both in vitro and in vivo. We found that TEA ameliorated Adriamycin-induced cellular morphological changes, cell viability, and apoptosis through the suppression of protein oxidation and ERK1/2 signaling. However, this anti-oxidative stress role of TEA was independent of ROS inhibition. Adriamycin activated ERK1/2 signaling followed by activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes. TEA suppressed NLRP3 inflammasomes via inhibition of ERK1/2 signal transduction; decreased proteinuria and attenuated renal tubule lesions; and inhibited the expression of NLRP3 in tubules in rats with Adriamycin nephropathy. Collectively, TEA protects renal tubular cells against Adriamycin-induced tubule injury via inhibition of ROS-ERK1/2-NLRP3 inflammasomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiming He
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Xia
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Shi
- Division of Gerontology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yao Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Zhu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Buhui Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingjing Zhu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiye Zhu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Enchao Zhou
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Minjie Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kun Gao
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Abelmoschus manihot for Diabetic Nephropathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:9679234. [PMID: 31118973 PMCID: PMC6500631 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9679234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Many trials have shown that Abelmoschus manihot could further improve proteinuria and protect kidney function in patients with DN when added to a renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blocker. A systematic assessment of the efficacy and safety of A. manihot in DN is essential. Eight electronic databases were searched to identify eligible trials published from inception to December 2017. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool was used to evaluate the methodological quality of eligible studies. Seventy-two studies with 5,895 participants were identified. The methodological quality of included studies was generally low. The results indicated that, compared to a RAS blocker, combined treatment of A. manihot with a RAS blocker was more effective for 24h urinary protein (24h UP) (mean difference [MD], -0.39 [95% confidence interval [CI], -0.46 to -0.33] g/d; P<0.00001), urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER)(MD, -19.90 [95% CI, -22.62 to -17.18] μg/min; P<0.00001), 24h UP reduction rate (risk ratio [RR], 1.43; 95% CI, 1.26-1.63; P<0.00001), normalization of UAER (RR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.29-1.70; P<0.00001), and serum creatinine (SCr) (MD, -7.35 [95% CI, -9.95 to -4.76] umol/L; P<0.00001). None of these trials reported the ESRD rate. No statistically significant difference occurred between A. manihot combined with a RAS blocker and a RAS blocker alone in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (MD, 4.43 [95% CI, -1.68 to 10.54] mL/min; P=0.16). A. manihot did not increase the rates of adverse drug events. A. manihot in addition to a RAS blocker was effective and safe to further improve proteinuria and protect kidney function in patients with DN. However, due to the generally low methodological quality, significant heterogeneity, and publication bias, high-quality randomized controlled trials are required to confirm these findings before the routine use of A. manihot can be recommended.
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Han W, Ma Q, Liu Y, Wu W, Tu Y, Huang L, Long Y, Wang W, Yee H, Wan Z, Tang R, Tang H, Wan Y. Huangkui capsule alleviates renal tubular epithelial-mesenchymal transition in diabetic nephropathy via inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation and TLR4/NF-κB signaling. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 57:203-214. [PMID: 30785016 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Huangkui capsule (HKC), an anti-inflammatory Chinese modern patent medicine, has been now widely applied to the clinical therapy of diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, the overall therapeutic mechanisms in vivo are still unclear. Renal tubular epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is one of the major pathogenesis of renal interstitial fibrosis in DN. Recently, the physiological roles of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling are closely linked to EMT. But, it remains elusive whether HKC regulates renal tubular EMT in vivo through targeting NLRP3 inflammasome activation and TLR4/NF-κB signaling in the kidneys. PURPOSE This study thereby aimed to clarify the therapeutic effects of HKC on renal tubular EMT in DN and its underlying mechanisms in vivo, compared to rapamycin (RAP). METHODS Thirty-two rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: the Sham group, the Vehicle group, the HKC group and the RAP group. The early DN rat models were induced by unilateral nephrectomy combined with intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin, and administered with HKC suspension or RAP suspension or vehicle after modeling for 4 weeks. Changes in the incipient renal lesions-related parameters in urine and blood were analyzed, respectively. Renal interstitial tissues were isolated for histomorphometry, immunohistochemistry and Western blotting at sacrifice. RESULTS For the early DN rat models, HKC at the suitable dose of 2 g/kg/day ameliorated the general condition and biochemical parameters partially including kidney weight (KW), urinary albumin (UAlb), serum creatinine (Scr) and serum albumin (Alb), attenuated renal tubular EMT significantly and inhibited the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in the kidneys obviously, which was superior to RAP generally. In addition to these, HKC also suppressed TLR4/NF-κB signaling in the kidneys of the DN model rats accurately, which was different from RAP specifically. CONCLUSION The results of this study further indicated that HKC, different from RAP, can alleviate renal tubular EMT in the DN model rats, likely by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation and TLR4/NF-κB signaling in the kidneys. Our findings thus provide the more accurate information in vivo about a clinical value of HKC, a traditional anti-inflammatory phytomedicine, in the treatment of the early DN patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbei Han
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjng, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Qian Ma
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Yinglu Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjng, Jiangsu 210008, China; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Yue Tu
- Department of TCM Health Preservation, Second Clinic Medical School, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Lu Huang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Yan Long
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Wenwen Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjng, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Hongyun Yee
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjng, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Ziyue Wan
- Department of Social Work, Meiji Gakuin University, Tokyo 108-8636, Japan
| | - Renmao Tang
- Institute of Huangkui, Suzhong Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., 1 Suzhong Road, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225500, China
| | - Haitao Tang
- Institute of Huangkui, Suzhong Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., 1 Suzhong Road, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225500, China.
| | - Yigang Wan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China.
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Enrichment and Purification of the Bioactive Flavonoids from Flower of Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medic Using Macroporous Resins. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23102649. [PMID: 30332764 PMCID: PMC6222764 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Flower of Abelmoschus manihot (FAM) is clinically effective to treat chronic kidney disease (CKD) with a relatively high dosage. To improve the efficacy and the compliance of patients, macroporous resins were adopted to enrich and purify flavonoids from FAM, which are thought to be the major renal protective constituents in FAM. After screening six different kinds of macroporous resins, HPD-100 was selected for its great adsorption and desorption capacity. Then, orthogonal design tests were used to optimize parameters in the processes of impurity removal and flavonoids of FAM desorption on column chromatogram. Moreover, process scale-up was performed, and purification effects maintained after amplification. After purification, the content of seven main flavonoids in the product increased from 8.29% to 51.43%. Protective and anti-inflammatory effects of crude extract and the flavonoid component of FAM after purification were investigated on the adriamycin-damaged HK-2 cells and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells models. Both bioactivities were improved greatly after purification for these two cell models. Therefore, the purification process had enriched the main bioactive constituents with potential alleviating kidney injury activities. The flavonoid component of FAM is worthy of being developed as an improved remedy for CKD with better patients' compliance.
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Yang BL, Zhu P, Li YR, Xu MM, Wang H, Qiao LC, Xu HX, Chen HJ. Total flavone of Abelmoschus manihot suppresses epithelial-mesenchymal transition via interfering transforming growth factor-β1 signaling in Crohn’s disease intestinal fibrosis. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:3414-3425. [PMID: 30122880 PMCID: PMC6092575 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i30.3414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To explore the role and mechanism of total flavone of Abelmoschus manihot (TFA) on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) progress of Crohn’s disease (CD) intestinal fibrosis.
METHODS First, CCK-8 assay was performed to assess TFA on the viability of intestinal epithelial (IEC-6) cells and select the optimal concentrations of TFA for our further studies. Then cell morphology, wound healing and transwell assays were performed to examine the effect of TFA on morphology, migration and invasion of IEC-6 cells treated with TGF-β1. In addition, immunofluorescence, real-time PCR analysis (qRT-PCR) and western blotting assays were carried out to detect the impact of TFA on EMT progress. Moreover, western blotting assay was performed to evaluate the function of TFA on the Smad and MAPK signaling pathways. Further, the role of co-treatment of TFA and si-Smad or MAPK inhibitors has been examined by qRT-PCR, western blotting, morphology, wound healing and transwell assays.
RESULTS In this study, TFA promoted transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-induced (IEC-6) morphological change, migration and invasion, and increased the expression of epithelial markers and reduced the levels of mesenchymal markers, along with the inactivation of Smad and MAPK signaling pathways. Moreover, we revealed that si-Smad and MAPK inhibitors effectively attenuated TGF-β1-induced EMT in IEC-6 cells. Importantly, co-treatment of TFA and si-Smad or MAPK inhibitors had better inhibitory effects on TGF-β1-induced EMT in IEC-6 cells than either one of them.
CONCLUSION These findings could provide new insight into the molecular mechanisms of TFA on TGF-β1-induced EMT in IEC-6 cells and TFA is expected to advance as a new therapy to treat CD intestinal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Lin Yang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - You-Ran Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Min-Min Xu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Li-Chao Qiao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hai-Xia Xu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hong-Jin Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
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Wu W, Hu W, Han WB, Liu YL, Tu Y, Yang HM, Fang QJ, Zhou MY, Wan ZY, Tang RM, Tang HT, Wan YG. Inhibition of Akt/mTOR/p70S6K Signaling Activity With Huangkui Capsule Alleviates the Early Glomerular Pathological Changes in Diabetic Nephropathy. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:443. [PMID: 29881349 PMCID: PMC5976825 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Huangkui capsule (HKC), a Chinese modern patent medicine extracted from Abelmoschus manihot (L.) medic, has been widely applied to clinical therapy in the early diabetic nephropathy (DN) patients. However, it remains elusive whether HKC can ameliorate the inchoate glomerular injuries in hyperglycemia. Recently the activation of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/serine-threonine kinase (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling and its downstream regulator, 70-kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K), play important roles in the early glomerular pathological changes of DN including glomerular hypertrophy, glomerular basement membrane (GBM) thickening and mild mesangial expansion. This study thereby aimed to clarify therapeutic effects of HKC during the initial phase of DN and its underlying mechanisms. Fifteen rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: the normal group, the model group and the HKC group. The early DN model rats were induced by unilateral nephrectomy combined with intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin, and administered with either HKC suspension or vehicle after modeling and for a period of 4 weeks. Changes in the incipient glomerular lesions-related parameters in urine and blood were analyzed. Kidneys were isolated for histomorphometry, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and Western blotting (WB) at sacrifice. In vitro, murine mesangial cells (MCs) were used to investigate inhibitory actions of hyperoside (HYP), a bioactive component of HKC, on cellular hypertrophy-associated signaling pathway by WB, compared with rapamycin (RAP). For the early DN model rats, HKC ameliorated micro-urinary albumin, body weight and serum albumin, but had no significant effects on renal function and liver enzymes; HKC improved renal shape, kidney weight and kidney hypertrophy index; HKC attenuated glomerular hypertrophy, GBM thickening and mild mesangial expansion; HKC inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt, mTOR and p70S6K, and the protein over-expression of transforming growth factor-β1 in kidneys. In vitro, the phosphorylation of PI3K, Akt, mTOR and p70S6K in MCs induced by high-glucose was abrogated by treatment of HYP or RAP. On the whole, this study further demonstrated HKC safely and efficiently alleviates the early glomerular pathological changes of DN, likely by inhibiting Akt/mTOR/p70S6K signaling activity in vivo and in vitro, and provided the first evidence that HKC directly contributes to the prevention of the early DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjng, China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen-Bei Han
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjng, China
| | - Ying-Lu Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjng, China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Tu
- Department of TCM Health Preservation, Second Clinic Medical School, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hai-Ming Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi-Jun Fang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Mo-Yi Zhou
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Zi-Yue Wan
- Department of Social Work, Meiji Gakuin University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ren-Mao Tang
- Institute of Huanghui, Suzhong Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Taizhou, China
| | - Hai-Tao Tang
- Institute of Huanghui, Suzhong Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Taizhou, China
| | - Yi-Gang Wan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
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Khalil SR, Mohammed AT, Abd El-fattah AH, Zaglool AW. Intermediate filament protein expression pattern and inflammatory response changes in kidneys of rats receiving doxorubicin chemotherapy and quercetin. Toxicol Lett 2018; 288:89-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Pan XX, Tao JH, Jiang S, Zhu Y, Qian DW, Duan JA. Characterization and immunomodulatory activity of polysaccharides from the stems and leaves of Abelmoschus manihot and a sulfated derivative. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 107:9-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.08.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Liu S, Ye L, Tao J, Ge C, Huang L, Yu J. Total flavones of Abelmoschus manihot improve diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting the iRhom2/TACE signalling pathway activity in rats. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 56:1-11. [PMID: 29221422 PMCID: PMC6130561 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2017.1412467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Total flavones extracted from Abelmoschus manihot L. (Malvaceae) medic (TFA) have been proven clinically effective at improving renal inflammation and glomerular injury in chronic kidney disease (CKD). OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the function of TFA as an inhibitor of iRhom2/TACE (tumour necrosis factor-α converting enzyme) signalling and investigated its anti-DN (diabetic nephropathy) effects in a DN rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vitro, cells were treated with 200 μg/mL advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and then co-cultured with 20 μg/mL TFA for 24 h. Real time PCR, western blotting and co-immunoprecipitation assays were performed. In vivo, DN was induced in 8 week old male Sprague-Dawley rats via unilateral nephrectomy and intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin, then TFA were administered to rats by gavage for 12 weeks at three different doses (300, 135 and 75 mg/kg/d). 4-Phenylbutanoic acid (2.5 mg/kg/d) was used as a positive control. RESULTS IC50 of TFA is 35.6 μM in HK2 and 39.6 μM in HRMC. TFA treatment (20 μM) inhibited the activation of iRhom2/TACE signalling in cultured cells induced by AGEs. LD50>26 g/kg and ED50=67 mg/kg of TFA in rat by gavage, TFA dose-dependently downregulated the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and exerted anti-inflammatory effects significantly though inhibiting the activation of iRhom2/TACE signalling. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Our results show that TFA could dose-dependently ameliorate renal inflammation by inhibiting the activation of iRhom2/TACE signalling and attenuating ER stress. These results suggest that TFA has potential therapeutic value for the treatment of DN in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hosipital of TCM, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lifang Ye
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hosipital of TCM, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Tao
- Department of Nephrology, Jiangsu Province Hosipital of TCM, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Ge
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jiangsu Province Hosipital of TCM, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Liji Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hosipital of TCM, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiangyi Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hosipital of TCM, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- CONTACT Jiangyi YuDepartment of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hosipital of TCM, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Tang L, Pan W, Zhu G, Liu Z, Lv D, Jiang M. Total flavones of abelmoschus manihot enhances angiogenic ability both in vitro and in vivo. Oncotarget 2017; 8:69768-69778. [PMID: 29050240 PMCID: PMC5642515 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a process of new blood vessel formation from pre-existing vessels. It is a normal and vital process in growth and development, as well as in wound healing and in the formation of granulation tissue. Total flavones of Abelmoschus manihot (TFA) are the major constituents of the traditional Chinese herb Abelmoschus manihot L. Medic. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of TFA on angiogenic ability using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro and chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) in vivo. HUVECs were treated with TFA at different concentrations. Cell viability, cell cycle progression, cell apoptosis, cell migration and tubular formation were investigated. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and kinase insert domain receptor (KDR, VEGFR-2) was examined by immunohistochemistry to identify mechanism of action of TFA. CAM model was used to evaluate the effect of TFA on angiogenesis in vivo. Our results showed that TFA promoted HUVECs proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. It increased HUVECs migratory ability and the number of tubular structure, promoted vessel formation in HUVECs culture and CAM model. Furthermore, TFA treatment resulted in a decrease in cell apoptosis and enhanced the expression of VEGF and KDR. Taken together, TFA, as the major active component isolated from the traditional Chinese herb Abelmoschus manihot L. Medic, could enhance angiogenic ability of HUVECs in vitro and CAM in vivo. TFA may be used in the treatment of wound healing and ischemic/reperfusion injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyi Tang
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, PR China.,Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, PR China
| | - Wu Pan
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, PR China
| | - Guisong Zhu
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, PR China
| | - Zhihui Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, PR China
| | - Dongling Lv
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, PR China
| | - Meng Jiang
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, PR China
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Qiu Y, Ai PF, Song JJ, Liu C, Li ZW. Total Flavonoid Extract from Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medic Flowers Attenuates d-Galactose-Induced Oxidative Stress in Mouse Liver Through the Nrf2 Pathway. J Med Food 2017; 20:557-567. [PMID: 28472605 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2016.3870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medic is an edible hibiscus that is rich in flavonoids, and its use as Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of diseases and health maintenance dates back to ancient times. The chemical compositions of total flavonoid of A. manihot (L.) Medic flower extract (TFAE) were identified and determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The effects of TFAE on antioxidative activities in a d-galactose (d-gal)-induced mouse model and Nrf2-mediated antioxidant responses were evaluated. Male Kunming mice were randomly divided into normal control group, d-gal aging model group, d-gal+ascorbic acid group that served as a positive control, and d-gal+TFAE (40, 80, and 160 mg TFAE/kg) group. After 42 days, the antioxidant effects of these treatments were determined by biochemical studies, Western blotting, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and histological analysis. The results showed that the groups administered TFAE exhibited significant elevation in liver activities of antioxidant enzymes, including catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) production in a dose-dependent manner compared with the d-gal-induced model group. Expression of Nrf2 and its target antioxidants (HO-1 and NQO1) was manifestly increased by TFAE treatment. TFAE also increased mRNA expression of GPx, SOD, and CAT and decreased tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). Furthermore, the microstructure of livers in TFAE-administered mice was obviously improved as compared with the d-gal model group. These results suggest that TFAE protects mice against d-gal-induced oxidative stress, and the effect is related to the activation of Nrf2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qiu
- 1 College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology , Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Peng-Fei Ai
- 1 College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology , Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jian-Jun Song
- 1 College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology , Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chang Liu
- 1 College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology , Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Li
- 2 College of Chemical and Pharmaceutial Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology , Shijiazhuang, China
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Li P, Chen YZ, Lin HL, Ni ZH, Zhan YL, Wang R, Yang HT, Fang JA, Wang NS, Li WG, Sun XF, Chen XM. Abelmoschus manihot - a traditional Chinese medicine versus losartan potassium for treating IgA nephropathy: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2017; 18:170. [PMID: 28395659 PMCID: PMC5387231 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-016-1774-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is one of the most common primary glomerular diseases worldwide, but effective therapy remains limited and many patients progress to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Only angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-I)/angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARB) show a high level of evidence (1B level) of being of value in the treatment for IgAN according to the 2012 Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines. However, traditional Chinese medicine has raised attention in kidney disease research. Abelmoschus manihot, a single medicament of traditional Chinese medicine has shown therapeutic effects in primary glomerular disease according to the randomized controlled clinical trial that we have completed. Here, we conduct a new study to assess the efficacy and safety of Abelmoschus manihot in IgAN. Also, this study is currently the largest double-blind, randomized controlled registered clinical research for the treatment of IgAN. Methods We will conduct a multicenter, prospective, double-blind, double-dummy randomized controlled study. The study is designed as a noninferiority clinical trial. Approximately 1600 biopsy-proven IgAN patients will be enrolled at 100 centers in China and followed up for as long as 48 weeks. IgAN patients will be randomized assigned to the Abelmoschus manihot group (in the form of a huangkui capsule, 2.5 g, three times per day) and the losartan potassium group (losartan potassium, 100 mg/d). The primary outcome is the change in 24-h proteinuria from baseline after 48 weeks of treatment. Change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) from baseline after 48 weeks of treatment, the incidence of endpoint events (proteinuria ≥3.5 g/24 h, the doubling of serum creatinine, or receiving blood purification treatment) are the secondary outcomes. Twenty-four-hour proteinuria and eGFR are measured at 0, 4, 12, 24, 36 and 48 weeks. Discussion This study will be of sufficient size and scope to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Abelmoschus manihot compared to losartan potassium in treating patients with IgAN. The results of this study may provide a new, effective and safe treatment strategy for IgAN. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT02231125. Registered on 30 August 2014. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13063-016-1774-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, 2011DAV00088, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yi-Zhi Chen
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, 2011DAV00088, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Hong-Li Lin
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, China
| | - Zhao-Hui Ni
- Department of Nephrology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yong-Li Zhan
- Department of Nephrology, Guang' anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Hong-Tao Yang
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of TCM, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Jing-Ai Fang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Nian-Song Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Wen-Ge Li
- Department of Nephrology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xue-Feng Sun
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, 2011DAV00088, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China. .,Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Fuxing Road 28, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiang-Mei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, 2011DAV00088, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China. .,Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Fuxing Road 28, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang Y, Xu Y, Qi Y, Xu L, Song S, Yin L, Tao X, Zhen Y, Han X, Ma X, Liu K, Peng J. Protective effects of dioscin against doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity via adjusting FXR-mediated oxidative stress and inflammation. Toxicology 2017; 378:53-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Chen Y, Cai G, Sun X, Chen X. Treatment of chronic kidney disease using a traditional Chinese medicine, Flos Abelmoschus manihot (Linnaeus) Medicus (Malvaceae). Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2016; 43:145-8. [PMID: 26667396 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The flowers of Abelmoschus manihot (Linnaeus) Medicus (Malvaceae; Flos A. manihot) have been used in China for many centuries as a traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of chronic kidney disease. The Huangkui capsule is a single-plant drug extracted from the dry corolla of Flos A. manihot that has been approved by China's State Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of chronic glomerulonephritis. The purpose of this paper is to review briefly some of the past experiences in rapid filtration and to present more fully a few facts brought out in recent studies. The primary chemical constituents of Flos A. manihot are flavonoids. In vivo, the flavonoids can be transformed into glucuronide-sulphate conjugates, which are the major metabolites of Flos A. manihot and could contribute to the renoprotective effects in vivo. Flos A. manihot can ameliorate proteinuria, podocyte apoptosis, glomerulosclerosis and mesangial proliferation. The renoprotective effects of Flos A. manihot are related to inhibition of caspase-3 and caspase-8 overexpression, reduction of the infiltration of ED1(+) and ED3(+) macrophages, downregulation of oxidative stress, inhibition of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and serine/threonine kinase pathways and suppression of transforming growth factor-β1 and tumour necrosis factor-α expression. Recently, a multicentre randomized controlled trial demonstrated that Flos A. manihot was more effective than the angiotensin-receptor blocker losartan in reducing proteinuria in patients with primary glomerular disease. Because Flos A. manihot is generally preferred by Chinese patients and clinicians, high-quality trials to test the efficacy and safety of Flos A. manihot are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhi Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Hainan Branch of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya, Hainan, China.,Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Kidney Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Guangyan Cai
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Kidney Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xuefeng Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Kidney Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangmei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Kidney Diseases, Beijing, China
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Du LY, Tao JH, Jiang S, Qian DW, Guo JM, Duan JA. Metabolic profiles of the Flos Abelmoschus manihot extract by intestinal bacteria from the normal and CKD model rats based on UPLC-Q-TOF/MS. Biomed Chromatogr 2016; 31. [PMID: 27451133 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Flos Abelmoschus manihot is a traditional herbal medicine widely used in clinical practice to tackle chronic kidney disease (CKD) for thousands of years. Nowadays, many studies indicate that gut bacteria are closely related to the progression of CKD and CKD-related complications. In this study, a UPLC-Q-TOF/MS method coupled with the MetaboLynx™ software was established and successfully applied to investigate the metabolites and metabolic profile of Flos A. manihot extract by intestinal bacteria from normal and CKD rats. Eight parent components and eight metabolites were characterized by their protonated ions. Among these compounds, 15 were detected in the two group samples while M16 was only determined in the CKD model samples. Compared with the quercetin-type glycosides, fewer myricetin-type and gossypetin-type metabolites were obtained in the two group samples. These metabolites suggested that deglycosylation and methylation are the major metabolic pathways of Flos A. manihot extract. Few differences of metabolite classes were observed in the two group samples. However, the concentrations of aglycones such as quercetin, myricetin and gossypetin in the normal samples were notably higher than those in the CKD model samples. The results are important in unravelling the pharmacological effects of A. manihot and clarifying its mechanism of action in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le-Yue Du
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Hua Tao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Jiang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Da-Wei Qian
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Ming Guo
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Ao Duan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
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Ge J, Miao JJ, Sun XY, Yu JY. Huangkui capsule, an extract from Abelmoschus manihot (L.) medic, improves diabetic nephropathy via activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α/γ and attenuating endoplasmic reticulum stress in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 189:238-49. [PMID: 27224243 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Abelmoschus manihot (L.) medic (AM) is a natural medicinal plant used for the treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in China. Huangkui capsule (HKC), an extract from AM, has been proved clinically effective in improving renal inflammation and glomerular injury in CKD. However, the mechanisms of HKC are still not fully understood. AIM OF THE STUDY Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α/γ dual agonists have the potential to be used as therapeutic agents for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and diabetic nephropathy (DN). This study evaluated the function of Huangkui capsule (HKC), an extract from Abelmoschus manihot (L.) medic (AM), as a dual agonist for PPARα/γ and investigated its anti-DN effects in a DN rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS ChIP and reporter gene assays were performed and the expression of PPARα/γ target genes was monitored to examine the ability of HKC to activate PPARα/γ. DN was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats via unilateral nephrectomy and intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. HKC was administered to the diabetic nephropathy rats at three different doses: high dose HKC (300mg/kg/d); middle dose HKC (175mg/kg/d); and low dose HKC (75mg/kg/d). Irbesartan (4mg/kg/d body weight) was used as a positive control. Following 12 weeks' treatment, we measured general status, renal morphological appearance, proteinuria, blood biochemical parameters, and glomerular morphological changes. The expression of collagen IV, TGFβ, TNFα and IL-6 in renal tissue was evaluated. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in renal tissue was also analyzed. RESULTS HKC enhanced the transcriptional activity of PPARα and PPARγ in cultured cells, livers and kidneys of DN rats, and it reduced serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels and fat in livers of DN rats. Furthermore, HKC reduced the expressions of inflammatory genes in kidneys of DN rats. Strikingly, HKC reduced ER stress and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase activation in the liver and kidney of DN rats and subsequently improved renal injury. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that HKC improved lipid metabolic disorders by activating PPARα/γ and attenuating ER stress. HKC could dose-dependently ameliorate renal inflammation and glomerular injury in DN rats. These results suggest that HKC has potential as an anti-DN agent for the treatment of DN in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ge
- Jiangsu Province Hosipital of TCM, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of TCM, Nanjing Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun-Jun Miao
- Jiangsu Province Hosipital of TCM, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of TCM, Nanjing Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin-Yi Sun
- Jiangsu Province Hosipital of TCM, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of TCM, Nanjing Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiang-Yi Yu
- Jiangsu Province Hosipital of TCM, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of TCM, Nanjing Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, China.
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Li L, Li YM, Liu ZL, Zhang JG, Liu Q, Yi LT. The renal protective effects of Anoectochilus roxburghii polysaccharose on diabetic mice induced by high-fat diet and streptozotocin. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 178:58-65. [PMID: 26656537 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Anoectochilus roxburghii (Wall.) Lindl. 1832 is an herbal medicine used to treat diabetes in China. Considering that Anoectochilus roxburghii polysaccharose (ARP) is the main constituent of Anoectochilus roxburghii, the present study is aimed to investigate the renal protection of ARP and its possible mechanism in diabetic mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were induced to diabetes with high-fat diet (HFD) and low-dose streptozotocin (STZ). ARP (100, 300 mg/kg) was orally administrated to diabetic mice once a day for consecutive 15 days. The fasting glucose level, expressions of key proteins of p38 MAP kinase cascade, inflammatory factors, fibronectin (FN) and the activities of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were measured. Furthermore, the histological examination of the separated kidneys was also carried out. RESULTS Compared with the diabetic mice, ARP administration induced a significant decrease in blood glucose level and improved the body weight of diabetic mice. In addition, ARP inhibited the expression of renal p38 MAP kinase cascade and its downstream inflammatory factors including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), FN as well as MMP2/9. Moreover, the histological examination showed an apparent reduction of mesangial matrix deposition and damage of microvascular structure after ARP administration. CONCLUSIONS The protective effects of ARP on diabetic renal damage may be attributed to the inhibition of p38 MAP kinase cascade and then attenuating the inflammatory responses and high glucose-induced renal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Li
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian Province, PR China
| | - Yu-Meng Li
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian Province, PR China
| | - Zhen-Ling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Jian-Gang Zhang
- Institute of Pathology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian Province, PR China; Institute of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian Province, PR China.
| | - Li-Tao Yi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian Province, PR China; Institute of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian Province, PR China.
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