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Ding M, Wei X, Liu C, Tan X. Mahuang Fuzi Xixin decoction alleviates allergic rhinitis by inhibiting NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD-N-mediated pyroptosis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 327:118041. [PMID: 38479543 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a prevalent nasal inflammatory disorder, and pyroptosis plays a crucial role in aggravating AR. Current medications for AR treatment still have deficiencies, and finding new agents is of great interest. Mahuang Fuzi Xixin decoction (MFXD), an ancient Chinese medicine, is now commonly used to treat AR, which has anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, but its underlying mechanism is unknown. AIM OF THIS STUDY This study aims to evaluate the effects of MFXD on AR and explore its potential mechanisms in view of the regulatory effect on pyroptosis. METHODS MFXD, Mahuang, Fuzi, and Xixin water extracts were analyzed using ultra high performance liquid chromatography-Orbitrap-high-resolution accurate mass spectrometry. In in vivo study, the effects of MFXD on AR treatment were evaluated in an ovalbumin-induced mouse model. Mice were administered saline (control and model groups), MFXD (1.375, 2.75 g/kg), and dexamethasone (2.5 mg/kg) for 13 days. AR symptoms were evaluated by blinded observers. Immunoglobulin E (IgE) and histamine levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Expression of pyroptosis-related proteins (NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1 p10/p20, GSDMD-N and IL-1β) in AR mouse nasal mucosa were estimated by immunohistochemistry. In in vivtro study, the effects of MFXD on pyroptosis were assessed in human nasal epithelial cells (HNEpCs) stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and incubated with MFXD (12.5, 25, and 50 μg/mL). Pyroptosis-related protein expression was measured by western blotting. RESULTS Thirty-three compounds in MFXD were identified, including ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, higenamine, aconine, aconitine, benzoylmesaconitine, benzoylhypaconine and hypaconitine. In the in vivo study, oral taken of MFXD/dexamethasone significantly ameliorated AR symptoms, reduced swelling of the nasal mucosa, and decreased the levels of IgE and histamine in AR mice serum. MFXD/dexamethasone attenuated histopathological changes and reduced the expression of pyroptosis-related proteins in nasal mucosa, indicating the inhibitory effect on nasal epithelial pyroptosis. In the in vitro study, MFXD (50 μg/mL) significantly alleviated cytotoxicity, protected cells from swelling and rupture, and downregulated the expression of pyroptosis-related proteins in LPS/ATP-induced HNEpCs. CONCLUSION MFXD suppressed nasal epithelial pyroptosis by inhibiting the NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD-N signaling pathway, which alleviates AR. Our results offer valuable insights into potential AR therapies and provide evidence for the clinical utilization of MFXD to treat AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengze Ding
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Guangzhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation, Technology, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Xiaohan Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| | - Changshun Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Guangzhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation, Technology, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Xiaomei Tan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Guangzhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation, Technology, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Li S, Fan G, Li X, Cai Y, Liu R. Modulation of type I interferon signaling by natural products in the treatment of immune-related diseases. Chin J Nat Med 2023; 21:3-18. [PMID: 36641230 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(23)60381-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Type I interferon (IFN) is considered as a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity. Proper activation or inhibition of type I IFN signaling is essential for host defense against pathogen invasion, tumor cell proliferation, and overactive immune responses. Due to intricate and diverse chemical structures, natural products and their derivatives have become an invaluable source inspiring innovative drug discovery. In addition, some natural products have been applied in clinical practice for infection, cancer, and autoimmunity over thousands of years and their promising curative effects and safety have been well-accepted. However, whether these natural products are primarily targeting type I IFN signaling and specific molecular targets involved are not fully elucidated. In the current review, we thoroughly summarize recent advances in the pharmacology researches of natural products for their type I IFN activity, including both agonism/activation and antagonism/inhibition, and their potential application as therapies. Furthermore, the source and chemical nature of natural products with type I IFN activity are highlighted and their specific molecular targets in the type I IFN pathway and mode of action are classified. In conclusion, natural products possessing type I IFN activity represent promising therapeutic strategies and have a bright prospect in the treatment of infection, cancer, and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Guifang Fan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaojiaoyang Li
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yajie Cai
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Runping Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
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The Pretreatment of Xiaoqinglong Decoction Alleviates Inflammation and Oxidative Damage and Up-Regulates Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Septic Acute Lung Injury Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:2421198. [PMID: 36193122 PMCID: PMC9526646 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2421198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Xiaoqinglong decoction (XQLD), a classic prescription of Traditional Chinese Medicine, has already been used clinically to cure acute lung injury (ALI), but its mechanism remains unclear. This subject aimed to explore the preventive role of XQLD in septic ALI rats besides its effects on angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)2 and its downstream factors. After, respectively, administrated with different concentrations of XQLD (6.25 g/kg/d, 12.5 g/kg/d, 25 g/kg/d) for 5 days and dexamethasone (DEX, 1 mg/kg) for 0.5 h, the rat models of ALI were established by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 5 mg/kg) for 24 h. All rats were evaluated by lung function test, arterial blood gas analysis, morphological observation, lung wet/dry (W/D) ratio, and the lung injury score. The levels of malonaldehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and angiotensin (Ang) (1–7) in the lung were measured through biochemical and ELISA kits. The expressions of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)2, mitochondrial assembly receptor (MasR), and nuclear factor (NF)-κB in lung tissue were detected by qRT-PCR and western blotting. Positive reaction cells of MasR were observed by immunohistochemistry. The results show that XQLD significantly ameliorated septic lung injury including edema and hemorrhage, as well as improved pulmonary function and arterial blood gas. Furthermore, XQLD markedly decreased the levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, MDA, and NF-κB while increased the levels of SOD, Ang (1–7), ACE2, and MasR in septic ALI rats. Pearson correlation showed that the expressions of ACE2 were inversely related to IL-1β, TNF-α, MDA, and NF-κB and positively correlated with SOD contents. Our data indicated that XQLD pretreatment alleviated inflammation and oxidative damage in septic ALI rats, which might be related to the up-regulation of ACE2-Ang (1–7)-MasR axis and inhibition of the NF-κB pathway.
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Zhu L, Wu Y, Lin C, Tang L, Yu B, Wan W, Xuan J, Du Y, Chen Z, Liang W. Dynamic Microbial Shifts and Signatures of Long-Term Remission in Allergic Rhinitis After an Herbal Formula Treatment. Front Immunol 2021; 12:774966. [PMID: 34745150 PMCID: PMC8569905 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.774966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A mixed Chinese herbal formula, Xiao-Qing-Long-Decoction (XQLD), may contribute to sustained remission in allergic rhinitis (AR), but it is unknown which factors determine such long-term effect. Here, we aimed to identify bacterial signatures associated with sustained remission. To this end, samples from AR patients at four different times were analyzed to compare the dynamic bacterial community and structure shifts. Diversity indices Chao1 showed significant difference across different time (p<0.05), and the Kruskal-Wallis test identified that Dialister (OTU_31), Roseburia (OTU_36), Bacteroides (OTU_22), Bacteroides (OTU_2040), and Prevotella_9 (OTU_5) were the significant differential bacterial taxa (p<0.05). These distinctive genera were significantly associated with the change of AR clinical indices and the predicted functional pathways such as PPAR signaling pathway, peroxisome, and citrate cycle (TCA cycle) (p<0.05), indicating that they may be important bacterial signatures involving in the sustained remission in AR (p<0.05). Besides, lower Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio at 6 months follow-up may also contribute to the long-term remission of AR. No seriously adverse events and safety concerns were observed in this study. In conclusion, XQLD is a meaningful, long-term efficient and safe medication for AR treatment. The underlying mechanisms of sustained remission in AR after XQLD treatment may be associated with the dynamic alteration of featured gut bacteria taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libing Zhu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen University Hospital, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuning Wu
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chenglong Lin
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lin Tang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Xiamen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Xiamen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen, China
| | - Wenrong Wan
- Internal Medicine Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen, China
| | - Jingxiu Xuan
- Laboratory of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yanling Du
- Department of Acupuncture and Tuina, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhangran Chen
- Institute for Microbial Ecology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wei Liang
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Uematsu J, Yamamoto H, Kihira S, Sakai-Sugino K, Ishiyama Y, Chindoh M, Baba A, Kazuta R, Hasegawa T, Fujimoto K, Funauchi A, Itoh A, Ookohchi A, Satoh S, Maeda Y, Kawano M, Tsurudome M, Nishio M, Hirai K, O'Brien M, Komada H. Inhibitory effect of traditional herbal (kampo) medicines on the replication of human parainfluenza virus type 2 in vitro. Drug Discov Ther 2021; 15:180-188. [PMID: 34433756 DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2021.01059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Thirteen herbal medicines, Kakkonto (TJ-001), Kakkontokasenkyushin'i (TJ-002), Hangekobokuto (TJ-016), Shoseiryuto (TJ-019), Maoto (TJ-027), Bakumondoto (TJ-029), Hochuekkito (TJ-041), Goshakusan (TJ-063), Kososan (TJ-070), Chikujountanto (TJ-091), Gokoto (TJ-095), Saibokuto (TJ-096), and Ryokankyomishingeninto (TJ-119) were tested for human parainfluenza virus type 2 (hPIV-2) replication. Eight (TJ-001, TJ-002, TJ-019, TJ-029, TJ-041, TJ-063, TJ-095 and TJ-119) out of the thirteen medicines had virus growth inhibitory activity. TJ-001 and TJ-002 inhibited virus release, and largely inhibited genome, mRNA and protein syntheses. TJ-019 slightly inhibited virus release, inhibited gene and mRNA syntheses, and largely inhibited protein synthesis. TJ-029 slightly inhibited virus release, largely inhibited protein synthesis, but gene and mRNA syntheses were unaffected. TJ-041 only slightly inhibited virus release, the gene and mRNA syntheses, but largely inhibited protein synthesis. TJ-091 largely inhibited gene, mRNA and protein syntheses. TJ-095 largely inhibited gene synthesis, but NP and HN mRNAs were slightly detected, and protein syntheses were observed. TJ-119 inhibited gene, mRNA and protein syntheses. TJ-001, TJ-002, TJ-091, TJ-095 and TJ-119 inhibited multinucleated giant cell formation derived from cell-to-cell spreading of virus. However, in TJ-019, TJ-029 and TJ-041 treated infected cells, only small sized fused cells with some nuclei were found. TJ-019 and TJ-041 slightly disrupted actin microfilaments, and TJ-001 and TJ-002 destroyed them. TJ-041 slightly disrupted microtubules, and TJ-001 and TJ-002 disrupted them. In general, the medicines effective on common cold and bronchitis inhibited hPIV-2 replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Uematsu
- Microbiology and Immunology Section, Department of Clinical Nutrition, Graduate School of Health Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Mie, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Yamamoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Mie, Japan
| | - Sahoko Kihira
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Mie, Japan
| | - Kae Sakai-Sugino
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Mie, Japan
| | - Yuhko Ishiyama
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Mie, Japan
| | - Misaki Chindoh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Mie, Japan
| | - Aya Baba
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Mie, Japan
| | - Rina Kazuta
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Mie, Japan
| | - Tomomi Hasegawa
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Mie, Japan
| | - Keiko Fujimoto
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Mie, Japan
| | - Aya Funauchi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Mie, Japan
| | - Ai Itoh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Mie, Japan
| | - Ayumi Ookohchi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Mie, Japan
| | - Saemi Satoh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Mie, Japan
| | - Yurie Maeda
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Mie, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Kawano
- Department of Microbiology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Masato Tsurudome
- Department of Microbiology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Miwako Nishio
- Department of Microbiology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Hirai
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Mie, Japan
| | - Myles O'Brien
- Graduate School of Mie Prefectural College of Nursing, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Komada
- Microbiology and Immunology Section, Department of Clinical Nutrition, Graduate School of Health Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Mie, Japan
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Zhang Y, Wang R, Shi W, Zheng Z, Wang X, Li C, Zhang S, Zhang P. Antiviral effect of fufang yinhua jiedu (FFYH) granules against influenza A virus through regulating the inflammatory responses by TLR7/MyD88 signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 275:114063. [PMID: 33813013 PMCID: PMC9759603 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Fufang-Yinhua-Jiedu Granules (FFYH) optimized from a Yin-Qiao-San, as traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), was used to treat influenza and upper respiratory tract infection and was recommended for the prevention and treatment of SARS in 2003 and current COVID-19 in Anhui Province in 2020. AIM OF STUDY In the clinical studies, FFYH was very effective for the treatment of influenza, but the mechanism of action against influenza A virus remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the antiviral effect of FFYH against influenza A virus in vitro and vivo. Moreover, the potential mechanism of FFYH against influenza A virus in vivo was investigated for the first time. MATERIALS AND METHODS CPE inhibition assay and HA assay were used to evaluate the in vitro antiviral effects of FFYH against influenza A virus H1N1, H3N2, H5N1, H7N9 and H9N2. Mice were used to evaluate the antiviral effect of FFYH in vivo with ribavirin and lianhuaqingwen as positive controls. RT-PCR was used to quantify the mRNA transcription of TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-γ, IP10, and IL-1β mRNA. ELISA was used to examine the expression of inflammatory factors such as TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-γ, IP10, and IL-1β in sera. The blood parameters were analyzed with auto hematology analyzer. Moreover, the potential mechanism of FFYH against influenza A virus in vivo was also investigated. RESULTS FFYH showed a broad-spectrum of antiviral activity against H1N1, H3N2, H5N1, H7N9, and H9N2 influenza A viruses. Furthermore, FFYH dose-dependently increased the survival rate, significantly prolonged the median survival time of mice, and markedly reduced lung injury caused by influenza A virus. Also, FFYH significantly improve the sick signs, food taken, weight loss, blood parameters, lung index, and lung pathological changes. Moreover, FFYH could markedly inhibit the inflammatory cytokine expression of TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-γ, IP10, IL-10, and IL-1β mRNA or protein via inhibition of the TLR7/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway in vivo. CONCLUSION FFYH not only showed a broad-spectrum of anti-influenza virus activity in vitro, but also exhibited a significant protective effect against lethal influenza virus infection in vivo. Furthermore, our results indicated that the in vivo antiviral effect of FFYH against influenza virus may be attributed to suppressing the expression of inflammatory cytokines via regulating the TLR7/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. These findings provide evidence for the clinical treatment of influenza A virus infection with FFYH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqian Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Ronghua Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Weiqing Shi
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zhihui Zheng
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xiaoquan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Human Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Shuofeng Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Pinghu Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; College of Veterinary Medicine & Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Human Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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Luo H, Zhao M, Tan D, Liu C, Yang L, Qiu L, Gao Y, Yu H. Anti-COVID-19 drug screening: Frontier concepts and core technologies. Chin Med 2020; 15:115. [PMID: 33133232 PMCID: PMC7592451 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-020-00393-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of COVID-19 has recently evolved into a global pandemic. Up to July 2020, almost every country has confirmed COVID-19 cases reported worldwide. Many leading experts have predicted that the epidemic will persist for relatively a long period of time. Thus far, there have been no remedies proven effective against the disease. As the nation where COVID-19 broke out first, China has adopted a combination of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine to fight against the disease, and has achieved significant clinical result. Up to now, the COVID-19 pandemic has been effectively controlled in China. However, the rest of the world (except for a limited number of countries and regions) is still in deep water. This paper thoroughly summarizes interdisciplinary notions and techniques, including disease model, biochip, network pharmacology, and molecular docking technology, etc., providing a reference for researchers in the screening of drugs for COVID-19 prevention and treatment. These methodologies may facilitate researchers to screen out more potential drugs for treating COVID-19 pneumonia and to tackle this global crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Luo
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Room 8008, Building N22, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao SAR China
| | - Mingming Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Room 8008, Building N22, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao SAR China
| | - Dechao Tan
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Room 8008, Building N22, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao SAR China
| | - Chang Liu
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Room 8008, Building N22, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao SAR China
| | - Lin Yang
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Room 8008, Building N22, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao SAR China
| | - Ling Qiu
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Room 8008, Building N22, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao SAR China
| | - Yan Gao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Room 8008, Building N22, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao SAR China
| | - Hua Yu
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Room 8008, Building N22, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao SAR China
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Gao Z, Jing J, Liu Y. Xiaoqinglong decoction (a traditional Chinese medicine) combined conventional treatment for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e19571. [PMID: 32243375 PMCID: PMC7220507 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000019571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A traditional Chinese medicine classic herbal formula named Xiaoqinglong decoction (XQLD) is widely used in China for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). The efficacy and safety of XQLD for AECOPD was evaluated in this systematic review. METHODS Five databases, including the Cochrane Library, PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang database, and Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database were searched up to October 5, 2018 for randomized control trials in treating AECOPD with XQLD. RESULT Thirty-eight trials were identified. Compared with conventional therapy (CT), XQLD plus CT significantly improve the total clinical efficacy rate (Risk Ratio [RR] = 1.22, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.18-1.26, P < .00001). Forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) (mean difference [MD] = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.27-0.46; P < .00001), FEV1%pre (MD = 4.52, 95% CI = 2.42-6.62; P < .00001), FEV1/forced vital capacity (MD = 5.11, 95% CI = 4.21-6.00; P < .00001), PaO2 (MD = 7.17, 95% CI = 4.80-9.54; P < .00001); lowered cough symptom score (MD = -0.65; 95% CI = -0.70 to -0.59; P < .00001), sputum symptom score (MD = -0.41; 95% CI = -0.45 to -0.37; P < .00001), wheezing symptom score (MD = -0.49; 95% CI = -0.60 to -0.38; P < .00001); reduce cough relief time (MD = -1.28; 95% CI = -1.53 to -1.02; P < .00001), sputum relief time (MD = -1.19; 95% CI = -1.42 to -0.96; P < .00001), wheezing relief time (MD = -1.65; 95% CI = -2.63 to -0.68; P = .0009), lassitude relief time (MD = -2.16; 95% CI = -3.44 to -0.89; P = .0009), and PaCO2 (MD = -7.63, 95% CI = -9.62 to -5.63; P < .00001). Benefit for interleukin (IL)-4 (MD = -9.20, 95% CI = -13.59 to -4.81; P < .00001), IL-6 (MD = -5.07, 95% CI = -8.14 to -2.01; P = .001), IL-8 (MD = -5.59, 95% CI = -6.09 to -5.08; P < .00001), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (MD = -5.93, 95% CI = -6.97 to -4.89; P < .00001), Interferon (INF)-γ (MD = 18.03, 95% CI = 13.22-22.84; P < .00001), and C-reactive protein (MD = -3.93, 95% CI = -5.97 to -1.89; P = .0002). For adverse events, there were no difference between XILD plus CT and CT. CONCLUSION XQLD plus CT was more effective than CT alone for treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Further higher quality trials are needed. The safety of XQLD remained uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Gao
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University & National Clinical Research Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Urumqi, China
| | - Jing Jing
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University & National Clinical Research Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Urumqi, China
| | - Yingying Liu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai
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Stockert K. Synopsis. ALLERGIEPRÄVENTION 2020. [PMCID: PMC7121829 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-58140-7_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Akute entzündliche Reaktionen bzw. der akute Infekt mit Restitutio ad integrum laufen in einer perfekt modulierten Kaskade ab, bei dem eine akute inflammatorische Einleitungsphase von einer antiinflammatorischen Phase und einer Entzündungsauflösungsphase abgelöst werden.
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Eng YS, Lee CH, Lee WC, Huang CC, Chang JS. Unraveling the Molecular Mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine: Formulas Against Acute Airway Viral Infections as Examples. Molecules 2019; 24:E3505. [PMID: 31569633 PMCID: PMC6804036 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Herbal medicine, including traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is widely used worldwide. Herbs and TCM formulas contain numerous active molecules. Basically, they are a kind of cocktail therapy. Herb-drug, herb-food, herb-herb, herb-microbiome, and herb-disease interactions are complex. There is potential for both benefit and harm, so only after understanding more of their mechanisms and clinical effects can herbal medicine and TCM be helpful to users. Many pharmacologic studies have been performed to unravel the molecular mechanisms; however, basic and clinical studies of good validity are still not enough to translate experimental results into clinical understanding and to provide tough evidence for better use of herbal medicines. There are still issues regarding the conflicting pharmacologic effects, pharmacokinetics, drug interactions, adverse and clinical effects of herbal medicine and TCM. Understanding study validation, pharmacologic effects, drug interactions, indications and clinical effects, adverse effects and limitations, can all help clinicians in providing adequate suggestions to patients. At present, it would be better to use herbs and TCM formulas according to their traditional indications matching the disease pathophysiology and their molecular mechanisms. To unravel the molecular mechanisms and understand the benefits and harms of herbal medicine and TCM, there is still much work to be done.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Shin Eng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Chien Hsing Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Wei Chang Lee
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 0708, Taiwan.
| | - Ching Chun Huang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Jung San Chang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- Department of Renal Care, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
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Oh HA, Lee H, Kang KW, Im JH, Kim D, Yang HO, Jung BH. Identification of interactions between multiple components in Socheongryong-tang using a plant profiling approach. Biomed Chromatogr 2019; 33:e4500. [PMID: 30697775 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Traditional herbal medicine consists of multiple components. There are interactions among the components, which affect both potency and toxicity. The preparation of herbal medicines can be a cause of interactions between multicomponents in herbs. To demonstrate the differences in multiherb interactions based on the preparation methods, the changes in the active components in the different preparations of Socheongryong-tang (SCRT) were evaluated using metabolomics profiling. We performed multicomponent profiling of the decoction of SCRT (SCRTD) and individual herb mixture (SCRTM) using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS). Active compounds from SCRTD and SCRTM were identified using multivariate analysis, and the activities between the two groups were compared. We also evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect of SCRT through investigating the protein expression of iNOS and COX-2 in lipopolysaccharide-induced macrophage RAW 264.7 cells in both groups. From the multivariate analysis, 53 active compounds that have different intensities between SCRTD and SCRTM were identified. The intensities of those components, such as ephedrines, glycyrrhizic acid, 6-gingerol and (2E,4E,8Z,10E)-N-isobutyl-2,4,8,10-dodecatetraenamide, which is newly identified in Asiasarum heterotropoides, were mostly higher in SCRTD than in SCRTM, which was related to the anti-inflammatory effect. From the iNOS inhibition test, it was found that SCRTD had a stronger anti-inflammatory effect than SCRTM. It was demonstrated that multicomponent interactions can be changed by the preparation method, and finally the anti-inflammatory effect in SCRT can be affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-A Oh
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunbeom Lee
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Keon Wook Kang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Im
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghak Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ok Yang
- KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, Republic of Korea.,Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Hwa Jung
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Zhou L, Zhang Q, Qi W, Yan S, Qu J, Makino T, Yuan D. Identification of metabolites in human and rat urine after oral administration of Xiao-Qing-Long-Tang granule using ultra high performance liquid chromatography combined with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:3582-3592. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhou
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang China
| | - Wen Qi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang China
| | - Shuai Yan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang China
| | - Jialin Qu
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The first affiliated hospital of Dalian; Medical University; Dalian China
| | - Toshiaki Makino
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Nagoya City University; Nagoya Japan
| | - Dan Yuan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang China
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Kampo Medicines for Infectious Diseases. JAPANESE KAMPO MEDICINES FOR THE TREATMENT OF COMMON DISEASES: FOCUS ON INFLAMMATION 2017. [PMCID: PMC7150106 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-809398-6.00014-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Numerous Kampo medicines and Oriental herbs have been used for the treatment of infectious diseases for several reasons, such as genetic background, economical reasons, fewer adverse effects, and so on. This chapter describes Kampo medicines and related Oriental herbs that are effective or promising in the treatment of infectious diseases at the clinical level and/or in animal models. In addition, effective Kampo medicines tested in vitro in cultured-cell studies are also included in this chapter. Each section is categorized by infectious disease and according to the popularity of the Kampo medicine.
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Yamada T, Wajima T, Nakaminami H, Kobayashi K, Ikoshi H, Noguchi N. The modified Gingyo-san, a Chinese herbal medicine, has direct antibacterial effects against respiratory pathogens. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 16:463. [PMID: 27842538 PMCID: PMC5109643 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1431-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Modified Gingyo-san (MGS) is empirically used to treat various respiratory infections. MGS has been reported to have antiinflammatory and antiviral activities; however, it is not known if it has an antibacterial activity. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the antimicrobial activity of MGS against respiratory pathogens. METHODS MGS, which is sold as an over-the-counter drug in Japan, was used for the study. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated using the disk diffusion method. Growth inhibitory activity was evaluated by measuring colony-forming units of the pathogens in the presence of MGS. RESULTS MGS inhibited the growth of Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Streptococcus pyogenes, which are gram-positive bacteria. Although the growth of most gram-negative bacteria was not inhibited by MGS, interestingly, the growth of Haemophilus influenzae was inhibited. MGS did not show any activity against Candida albicans or bacteriophage φX174. CONCLUSIONS In addition to the antiinflammatory and antiviral activities of MGS, which have already been reported, the data obtained from this study indicates that MGS has an antibacterial activity.
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Application of Traditional Chinese Medical Herbs in Prevention and Treatment of Respiratory Syncytial Virus. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:6082729. [PMID: 27688789 PMCID: PMC5027054 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6082729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common viral pathogen of the lower respiratory tract, which, in the absence of effective management, causes millions of cases of severe illness per year. Many of these infections develop into fatal pneumonia. In a review of English and Chinese medical literature, recent traditional Chinese medical herb- (TCMH-) based progress in the area of prevention and treatment was identified, and the potential anti-RSV compounds, herbs, and formulas were explored. Traditional Chinese medical herbs have a positive effect on inhibiting viral attachment, inhibiting viral internalization, syncytial formation, alleviation of airway inflammation, and stimulation of interferon secretion and immune system; however, the anti-RSV mechanisms of TCMHs are complicated, which should be further investigated.
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Abstract
Pneumonia is a frequent complication in dementia patients and is associated with high mortality rates. The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to determine whether traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) therapy can decrease pneumonia risk in dementia patients. The cohort dataset was obtained from the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2005, a sublibrary of the National Health Insurance Research Database, containing all medical data of 1 million beneficiaries, randomly selected from the all Insurers in year 2005.Newly diagnosed dementia patients (n = 9712) without pneumonia were analyzed from January 1997 to December 2003. After matching by sex, age, urban level, Charlson comorbidity index, insured amount, and comorbidities, 1376 pairs (1:1) of TCM and non-TCM users were acquired. Every dementia patient was individually recorded from 1997 to 2012 to identify pneumonia incidence (onset after 3 months of dementia diagnosis).Demographic characteristics, Charlson comorbidity index, comorbidities, behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, and psychotropic drugs were also investigated. Cox proportional regression was used to compute hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) after adjustment for the above-mentioned variables.There were 419 (30.5%) and 762 (55.4%) pneumonia cases in the TCM and non-TCM cohorts during a mean follow-up period of 7.6 years. The adjusted hazard ratios (95% CI) for pneumonia admission was 0.62 (0.55-0.70) for the TCM group.Patients who received TCM therapy at higher cumulative doses or for longer periods experienced increased protection from pneumonia admission. Ma-Xing-Gan-Shi-Tang, Yin-Qiao-San, and Xiao-Qing-Long-Tang might represent possible formulae reducing the incidence of pneumonia. TCM might be associated with a lower risk of pneumonia in dementia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Ku Lin
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Taipei City Hospital, Renai Branch
| | - Yueh-Ting Tsai
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei
| | - Pei-Chia Lo
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei
| | - Jung-Nien Lai
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University
- Departments of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung Taiwan
- Correspondence: Jung-Nien Lai, School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, No.91, Xueshi Rd., North Dist., Taichung City 404, Taiwan (e-mail: )
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Lim CY, Kim HW, Kim BY, Cho SI. [Genome wide expression analysis of the effect of Socheongryong Tang in asthma model of mice]. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2015; 35:168-74. [PMID: 25975049 DOI: 10.1016/s0254-6272(15)30024-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the molecular effect of Socheongryong Tang (SCRT, Xiaoqinglong Tang in Chinese) on whole genome level in asthma mouse model by microarray technology. METHODS Asthma was induced by intranasal instillation of ovalbumin in mouse. After administration of SCRT on asthma-induced mouse, the expression of genes in lung tissue was measured using whole genome microarray. The functional implication of differentially expressed genes was performed using ontological analysis and the similarity of promoter structure of genes was also analyzed. RESULTS Treatment of SCRT restored expression level of many up- or down-regulated genes in asth- ma model, and this recovery rate means SCRT could regulate a set of genes having specific TFBS binding sites. CONCLUSION In this study, we identified a set of genes subjected to similar regulation by SCRT in asthma model in mice.
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Tanaka M, Inoue K, Kitamura Y, Shimada A, Takano H. In vitro action of sho-seiryu-to on allergen-exposed mononuclear cells. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2015; 27:607-10. [PMID: 25572740 DOI: 10.1177/039463201402700416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Sho-seiryu-to (SST), used as a traditional herbal (Kampo) medicine mainly in China and Korea, is shown to have immunomodulating potential, such as an anti-allergic one, its underlying mechanism has not been completely clarified. To partially address the issue, we explored its effects on allergen-exposed mononuclear cells. Male balb/c mice were intraperitoneally administered ovalbumin (OVA: 20 μg) plus alum or vehicle twice (Day 0 and Day 14). At Day 21, mice were sacrificed and splenocytes (mononuclear cells) were isolated and cultured in the presence or absence of OVA with or without SST. Thereafter, helper T-related cytokines in the culture supernatants were evaluated by means of ELISA. Protein level of interferon-γ was lower than 5.0 pg/mL in the supernatants from OVA non-exposed or -exposed mononuclear cells in the presence or absence of OVA stimulation. On the other hand, SST induced the cytokine from both types of mononuclear cells in the presence (P < 0.05) or absence of OVA stimulation as compared to corresponding control. By contrast, interleukin (IL)-4 level tended to be decreased by SST in OVA-non-exposed mononuclear cells as did IL-13 in both non-exposed and exposed mononuclear cells as compared to vehicle. In conclusion, immunoregulating efficacy by SST on allergy-prone subjects may include, at least in part, restoring helper T balance mainly through hyperproduction of IFN-γ against mononuclear cells such as lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tanaka
- Center for Medical Science, International University of Health and Welfare, Kitakanemaru, Ohtawara, Tochigi, Japan
| | - K Inoue
- Center for Medical Science, International University of Health and Welfare, Kitakanemaru, Ohtawara, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Y Kitamura
- Center for Medical Science, International University of Health and Welfare, Kitakanemaru, Ohtawara, Tochigi, Japan
| | - A Shimada
- Laboratory of Pathology, School of Life and Environmental Science, Azabu University
| | - H Takano
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto, Japan
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Zhou L, Qi W, Xu C, Makino T, Yuan D. A rapid method for simultaneous determination of 52 marker compounds in Xiao-Qing-Long-Tang by ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:3260-7. [PMID: 25195593 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 08/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Xiao-Qing-Long-Tang (XQLT) is a classical Chinese medicine formula. It is generally used for the treatment of common cold, bronchial asthma, and allergic rhinitis in Asia. In this study, a multicomponent quantification fingerprinting approach based on ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry has been developed for the analysis of compounds in XQLT in 14.5 min. A total of 52 compounds were identified by co-chromatography of sample extract with authentic standards and comparing the retention time, UV spectra, molecular ions and characteristic fragment ions with those of authentic standards, or tentatively identified by MS(E) determination along with Mass Fragment software. Moreover, the method was validated for the simultaneous quantification of 16 components in XQLT commercial products. The method is practical for comprehensive standardization of XQLT and holistic comparison of its commercial products from different manufacturers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhou
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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Kim HW, Lim CY, Kim BY, Cho SI. So-Cheong-Ryong-Tang, a herbal medicine, modulates inflammatory cell infiltration and prevents airway remodeling via regulation of interleukin-17 and GM-CSF in allergic asthma in mice. Pharmacogn Mag 2014; 10:S506-11. [PMID: 25298667 PMCID: PMC4189265 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.139784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: So-Cheong-Ryong-Tang (SCRT), herbal medicine, has been used for the control of respiratory disease in East Asian countries. However, its therapeutic mechanisms, especially an inhibitory effect on inflammatory cell infiltration and airway remodeling in allergic asthma are unclear. Objective: The present study investigated the mechanism of antiasthmatic effects of SCRT in allergic asthma in mice. Materials and Methods: We investigated the influence of SCRT on levels of interleukin-17 (IL-17), granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), IL-4, and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), ovalbumin (OVA)-specific IgE in serum, and histopathological changes in allergen-induced asthma. Results: So-Cheong-Ryong-Tang decreased levels of IL-17 and GM-CSF in BALF. IL-4, a Th2-driven cytokine, was also decreased by SCRT, but IFN-γ, a Th1-driven cytokine, was not changed. Levels of OVA-specific IgE in serum were also decreased by SCRT. With SCRT treatment, histopathological findings showed reduced tendency of inflammatory cell infiltration, and prevention from airway remodeling such as epithelial hyperplasia. Conclusion: In this study, we firstly demonstrated that regulation of IL-17 and GM-CSF production may be one of the mechanism contributed to a reduction of inflammatory cell infiltration and prevention from airway remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Woo Kim
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Korean Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi-Yeon Lim
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Ilsan, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Bu-Yeo Kim
- Department of Medical Research, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-In Cho
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Korean Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan 626-870, Republic of Korea
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Xiao S, Luo K, Wen X, Fan X, Cheng Y. A pre-classification strategy for identification of compounds in traditional Chinese medicine analogous formulas by high-performance liquid chromatography–Mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 92:82-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Recent advances in diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of human respiratory syncytial virus. Adv Virol 2013; 2013:595768. [PMID: 24382964 PMCID: PMC3872095 DOI: 10.1155/2013/595768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common cause of respiratory infection in infants and the elderly, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. The interdisciplinary fields, especially biotechnology and nanotechnology, have facilitated the development of modern detection systems for RSV. Many anti-RSV compounds like fusion inhibitors and RNAi molecules have been successful in laboratory and clinical trials. But, currently, there are no effective drugs for RSV infection even after decades of research. Effective diagnosis can result in effective treatment, but the progress in both of these facets must be concurrent. The development in prevention and treatment measures for RSV is at appreciable pace, but the implementation into clinical practice still seems a challenge. This review attempts to present the promising diverse research approaches and advancements in the area of diagnosis, prevention, and treatment that contribute to RSV management.
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