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Cao X, Rao C, Cui H, Sun D, Li L, Guo S, Zhou J, Yuan R, Yang S, Chen J. Toxic effects of glyphosate on the intestine, liver, brain of carp and on epithelioma papulosum cyprinid cells: Evidence from in vivo and in vitro research. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 302:134691. [PMID: 35489457 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate (GLY) is the most widely used organophosphorus herbicide in agriculture. The present study aimed to analyze the comprehensive toxicological effects of GLY on juvenile common carp and an epithelioma papulosum cyprinid (EPC) cell line. In the in vivo experiments, exposure to GLY (5 and 15 mg/L) for 30 days induced liver inflammation and oxidative damage in common carp and changed the physical barrier of the intestine. Histopathological analysis of the intestine, liver, brain, and changes in oxidative stress biomarkers provided evidence of damage and immune system responses to GLY. Moreover, an inhibitory effect of 15 mg/L GLY on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was found in the brain, which may be an important reason for the significant decrease in both swimming distance and average acceleration of common carp. Cell experiments showed that 0.65 and 3.25 mg/L GLY inhibited the viability of EPCs. Furthermore, oxidative DNA damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were observed in EPC cells following GLY exposure. Taken together, this study not only highlights the negative effects of GLY on common carp but also enriches the knowledge of the cytotoxicity mechanism to further clarify the comprehensive toxicity of GLY in common carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglin Cao
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China.
| | - Chenyang Rao
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China.
| | - Han Cui
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China.
| | - Dandan Sun
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China.
| | - Lulu Li
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China.
| | - Suqi Guo
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China.
| | - Jiameng Zhou
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China.
| | - Rongjie Yuan
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China.
| | - Shuai Yang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China.
| | - Jianjun Chen
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China.
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YÜCEL TB. Chemical composition and antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of essential oils of Polytrichum commune (Hedw.) and Antitrichia curtipendula (Hedw.) Brid. grown in Turkey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SECONDARY METABOLITE 2021. [DOI: 10.21448/ijsm.945405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Yang Y, Zhang Y, Gao J, Xu W, Xu Z, Li Z, Cheng J, Tao L. Pyrethrum extract induces oxidative DNA damage and AMPK/mTOR-mediated autophagy in SH-SY5Y cells. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 740:139925. [PMID: 32562985 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pyrethrum extract is used to produce the most widely applied botanical pesticides in agriculture. Though it primarily targets voltage-gated sodium channels in pests, its toxic effects in non-target systems, particularly in humans, is unclear. In this study, we investigated potential cytotoxic effects and their underlying mechanisms on human nerve cells in vitro. We found that pyrethrum extract exposure markedly inhibited cell viability and triggered oxidative DNA damage in human SH-SY5Y cells. It also induced LC3-II formation, upregulated Beclin-1 protein production, downregulated p62 protein production, and facilitated the phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR). These results indicate that cytotoxic exposure to pyrethrum extract could be associated with AMPK/mTOR-mediated autophagy in human nerve cells. Furthermore, the oxidative DNA damage suggests that pyrethrum extract exerts severe toxic effects on human nerve cells. In conclusion, pyrethrum extract carries a risk to human health by inducing cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jufang Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Wenping Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhiping Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhong Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jiagao Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Liming Tao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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Duan XH, Zhao JC, Li L, Pei L, He P, Wang R. Two new benzophenones from endohydric moss Polytrichum Commune. Nat Prod Res 2018; 33:2750-2754. [PMID: 30580587 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1499638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Two new benzophenones (1 and 2), were isolated from the endohydric moss Polytrichum commune. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including extensive 2 D NMR techniques. Compound 2 is the first example of benzophenone with a rare cyclopropylacetamide from the natural resources. Compounds 1 and 2 were screened their cytotoxicity against five cancer cell lines (HCT-116, A-549, MCF-7, HepG2, A-375,), and no cytotoxic activities were observed (IC50 > 100 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Hong Duan
- a College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University , Shijiazhuang , P.R. China.,b Hebei Province Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences , Shijiazhuang , P.R. China
| | - Jian-Cheng Zhao
- a College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University , Shijiazhuang , P.R. China
| | - Lin Li
- a College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University , Shijiazhuang , P.R. China
| | - Lin Pei
- b Hebei Province Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences , Shijiazhuang , P.R. China
| | - Pei He
- b Hebei Province Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences , Shijiazhuang , P.R. China
| | - Rong Wang
- a College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University , Shijiazhuang , P.R. China
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Zeng H, Claycombe KJ, Reindl KM. Butyrate and deoxycholic acid play common and distinct roles in HCT116 human colon cell proliferation. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:1022-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Yuan W, Cheng X, Wang P, Jia Y, Liu Q, Tang W, Wang X. Polytrichum commune L.ex Hedw ethyl acetate extract-triggered perturbations in intracellular Ca²⁺ homeostasis regulates mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 172:410-420. [PMID: 26151243 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Polytrichum commune L.ex Hedw (PCLH), a moss of Bryopsida, has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine and shown to possess anticancer activities. Previous studies have indicated its anti-leukemia effect but the potential mechanisms have not been fully explained. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study aimed to further investigate the efficacy of PCLH ethyl acetate fraction (PC-EEF) and the associated mechanisms in human leukemia cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Phytochemical analysis of PC-EEF was performed by spectrophotometry and HPLC. MTT analysis and trypan blue exclusion assay were adopted to examine its cytotoxicity on a panel of leukemia cells (K562, U937, HL-60 and K562/DOX cells) and non-cancerous cells (human PBMCs). Anti-proliferative effect was monitored by colony formation assay and EdU incorporation assay. Ultrastructural alterations on K562 cell membrane surface were observed by scanning electron microscopy. Changes on plasma membrane integrity, cell membrane potential, mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. Fluorescence microscope was performed to assess [Ca(2+)]i level, mitochondrial injury and cytochrome c release. Apoptosis-associated protein expression was analyzed by western blot. The role of Ca(2+) in PC-EEF-induced cell death was investigated by Ca(2+) chelating reagent BAPTA-AM. RESULTS PC-EEF possessed relatively high flavonoid content (about 88.84 ± 0.89%) and showed significant cytotoxicity to human leukemia cells. PC-EEF could cause obvious cell morphological deformation, membrane integrity loss and membrane depolarization. Meanwhile, PC-EEF treatment could dramatically potentiate perturbations in cellular Ca(2+) homeostasis. Subsequently, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) collapse, cytochrome c release and Bcl-2/Bax down-regulation were all observed. Consistent with these results, PC-EEF treatment resulted in significant activation of caspase 3, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) degradation and apoptosis. Moreover, PC-EEF-caused cytotoxicity, membrane damage, mitochondrial injury and apoptosis were remarkably reversed by BAPTA-AM. CONCLUSIONS PC-EEF damaged the membrane system and triggered Ca(2+)-dependent mitochondrial apoptosis, which may provide some new insights into its efficacy against human leukemia cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoxia Cheng
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yali Jia
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Quanhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Tang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xiaobing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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Gao W, Su X, Dong X, Chen Y, Zhou C, Xin P, Yu C, Wei T. Cycloartan-24-ene-1α,2α,3β-triol, a cycloartane-type triterpenoid from the resinous exudates of Commiphora myrrha, induces apoptosis in human prostatic cancer PC-3 cells. Oncol Rep 2015; 33:1107-14. [PMID: 25591732 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived antitumor drugs are currently used in chemotherapy. Cycloartane triterpenoids have shown a cytotoxic effect on human prostate cancer cells. The aim of the present study was to isolate a cycloartane triterpenoid from Commiphora myrrha and evaluate its anticancer potential. Cycloartan-24-ene-1α,2α,3β-triol (MY-1) was isolated from Commiphora myrrha, and its structure was determined through 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of MY-1 on human prostatic cancer PC-3 cells were estimated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, flow cytometric analysis and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) staining assay, and the expression of apoptotic-related proteins were evaluated by western blotting. MY-1 showed cytotoxic activity on PC-3 cells in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 value of 9.6 µM at 24 h. MY-1 induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Western blot analysis revealed that MY-1 regulated the expression levels of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), p53 and caspase-3 in the PC-3 cells. These findings indicate that MY-1 exerts significantly pro-apoptotic activity against human hormone-independent prostatic cancer and support MY-1 as a potential anticancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Gao
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojie Su
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Dong
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163000, P.R. China
| | - Yingli Chen
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163000, P.R. China
| | - Chunlan Zhou
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163000, P.R. China
| | - Ping Xin
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163000, P.R. China
| | - Chunhao Yu
- School of Life Science and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, Jiangsu 223003, P.R. China
| | - Taiming Wei
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163000, P.R. China
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Caspase-9 is the apoptotic initiator protease of the intrinsic or mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, which is activated at multi-protein activation platforms. Its activation is believed to involve homo-dimerization of the monomeric zymogens. It binds to the apoptosome to retain substantial catalytic activity. Variety of apoptotic stimuli can regulate caspase-9. However, the mechanism of action of various regulators of caspase-9 has not been summarized and compared yet. In this article, we elucidate the regulators of caspase-9 including microRNAs, natural compounds that are related to caspase-9 and ongoing clinical trials with caspase-9 to better understand the caspase-9 in suppressing cancer. AREAS COVERED In this study, the basic mechanism of apoptosis pathways, regulators of caspase-9 and the development of drugs to regulate caspase-9 are reviewed. Also, ongoing clinical trials for caspase-9 are discussed. EXPERT OPINION Apoptosis has crucial role in cancer, brain disease, aging and heart disease to name a few. Since caspase-9 is an initiator caspase of apoptosis, it is an important therapeutic target of various diseases related to apoptosis. Therefore, a deep understanding on the roles as well as regulators of caspase-9 is required to find more effective ways to conquer apoptosis-related diseases especially cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonglee Kim
- Kyunghee University, College of Korean Medicine, Cancer Preventive Material Development Research Center , 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-ku, Seoul 131-701 , South Korea
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