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Albadrani HM, Chauhan P, Ashique S, Babu MA, Iqbal D, Almutary AG, Abomughaid MM, Kamal M, Paiva-Santos AC, Alsaweed M, Hamed M, Sachdeva P, Dewanjee S, Jha SK, Ojha S, Slama P, Jha NK. Mechanistic insights into the potential role of dietary polyphenols and their nanoformulation in the management of Alzheimer's disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116376. [PMID: 38508080 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a very common neurodegenerative disorder associated with memory loss and a progressive decline in cognitive activity. The two major pathophysiological factors responsible for AD are amyloid plaques (comprising amyloid-beta aggregates) and neurofibrillary tangles (consisting of hyperphosphorylated tau protein). Polyphenols, a class of naturally occurring compounds, are immensely beneficial for the treatment or management of various disorders and illnesses. Naturally occurring sources of polyphenols include plants and plant-based foods, such as fruits, herbs, tea, vegetables, coffee, red wine, and dark chocolate. Polyphenols have unique properties, such as being the major source of anti-oxidants and possessing anti-aging and anti-cancerous properties. Currently, dietary polyphenols have become a potential therapeutic approach for the management of AD, depending on various research findings. Dietary polyphenols can be an effective strategy to tackle multifactorial events that occur with AD. For instance, naturally occurring polyphenols have been reported to exhibit neuroprotection by modulating the Aβ biogenesis pathway in AD. Many nanoformulations have been established to enhance the bioavailability of polyphenols, with nanonization being the most promising. This review comprehensively provides mechanistic insights into the neuroprotective potential of dietary polyphenols in treating AD. It also reviews the usability of dietary polyphenol as nanoformulation for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hind Muteb Albadrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Eastern Province 34212, Saudi Arabia
| | - Payal Chauhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanad University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India
| | - Sumel Ashique
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bengal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research, Durgapur 713212, West Bengal, India
| | - M Arockia Babu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, India
| | - Danish Iqbal
- Department of Health Information Management, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Buraydah Private Colleges, Buraydah 51418, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmajeed G Almutary
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mosleh Mohammad Abomughaid
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mehnaz Kamal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ana Cláudia Paiva-Santos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mohammed Alsaweed
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Munerah Hamed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Saikat Dewanjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Zoology, Kalindi College, University of Delhi, 110008, India
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Petr Slama
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India; Centre of Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara University, Rajpura- 140401, Punjab, India.; School of Bioengineering & Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India; Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India.
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Hu X, Wang M, Cai F, Liu L, Cheng Z, Zhao J, Zhang Q, Long C. A comprehensive review of medicinal Toxicodendron (Anacardiaceae): Botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116829. [PMID: 37429501 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Comprising of about 30 species, the genus Toxicodendron (Anacardiaceae) are mainly distributed in East Asia and North America. Among them, 13 species have been traditionally used as folk medicines in Asia and other parts of the world to treat blood diseases, abnormal bleeding, skin diseases, gastrointestinal diseases, liver diseases, bone injury, lung diseases, neurological diseases, cardiovascular diseases, tonic, cancer, eye diseases, menstrual irregularities, inflammation, rheumatism, diabetes mellitus, rattlesnake bite, internal parasites, contraceptive, vomiting and diarrhea. AIM OF THE STUDY To date, no comprehensive review on Toxicodendron has been published and the scientific basis of the traditional medicinal benefits of Toxicodendron have been less reported. Therefore, this review aims to provide a reference for further research and development on medicinal purpose of Toxicodendron by summarizing the works (from 1980 to 2023), and focusing on its botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology. MATERIALS AND METHODS The names of the species were from The Plant List Database (http://www.theplantlist.org), World Flora Online (http://www.worldfloraonline.org), Catalogue of Life Database (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/) and Plants for A Future Database (https://pfaf.org/user/Default.aspx). And the search terms "Toxicodendron" and "the names of 31 species and their synonyms" were used to search for information from electronic databases such as Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, Baidu Scholar, Springer, and Wiley Online Library. Moreover, PhD and MSc dissertations were also used to support this work. RESULTS These species on Toxicodendron are widely used in folkloric medicine and modern pharmacological activities. So far, approximately 238 compounds, mainly phenolic acids and their derivatives, urushiols, flavonoids and terpenoids, are extracted and isolated from Toxicodendron plants, commonly, T. trichocarpum, T. vernicifluum, T. succedaneum, and T. radicans. Among them, phenolic acids and flavonoids are the main compound classes that show pharmacological activities in Toxicodendron plants both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the extracts and single compounds of these species show a wide range of activities, such as antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, liver protection, fat reduction, nerve protection, and treatment of blood diseases. CONCLUSIONS Selected species of Toxicodendron have been used as herbal medicines in the Southeast Asian for a long time. Furthermore, some bioactive constituents have been identified from them, so plants in this genus may be potential new drugs. The existing research on Toxicodendron has been reviewed, and the phytochemistry and pharmacology provide theoretical basis for some of the traditional medicinal uses. Therefore, in this review, the traditional medicinal, phytochemical and modern pharmacology of Toxicodendron plants are summarized to help future researchers to find new drug leads or to get a better understanding of structure-activity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Hu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Ethnology and Sociology, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Fei Cai
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Liya Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhuo Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Ethnology and Sociology, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Chunlin Long
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100081, China; Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; Institute of National Security Studies, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Zhao C, Li M, Yang Y, Qin M, Wang R, Zhu Q, Chen G, Wang A. A new flavonoid glycoside from Toxicodendron vernicifluum (Stokes) F.A. Barkley. Nat Prod Res 2023; 37:3478-3483. [PMID: 35687836 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2086546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Toxicodendron vernicifluum (Stokes) F.A. Barkley, also called 'Qishu', is a shrub belonging to the Anacardiaceae family and producing lacquer. In this work, a new flavonoid glycoside (1), was isolated from the heartwood of T. vernicifluum, together with four known compounds (2-5). The structure of the new compound was determined as 4',7-dihydroxy-3'-methoxy-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-flavonoid (1), on the basis of acidic hydrolysis, and spectroscopic analyses. Compound 1 showed significantly cytotoxic against A549 cell lines with the values of IC50 at 1.5 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengye Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Meichen Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Yuqian Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Minni Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Ruojia Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Qing Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Guangtong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Andong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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Li M, Zhang Y, Han T, Guan L, Fan D, Wu Q, Liu J, Xu Y, Fan Y. Verniciflavanol A, a profisetinidin-type-4-arylflavan-3-ol from toxicodendron vernicifluum protects SH-SY5Y cells against H2O2-Induced oxidative stress. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2023; 205:113487. [PMID: 36341855 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Eleven undescribed derivatives of flavan, including flavan-3,4-diols vernicinosides A-H and profisetinidin-type-4-arylflavan-3-ols verniciflavanols A-C, together with eight known compounds were purified from the heartwood of Toxicodendron vernicifluum. The chemical structures of the undescribed compounds were characterized by spectroscopic data interpretation, including NMR (1H and 13C NMR HSQC and HMBC) and HRESIMS analysis. CD data analysis was conducted to assign the absolute configurations of the undescribed compounds and the active compound verniciflavanol A was also confirmed by ECD experiment. The absolute configuration of the sugar moiety was identified by GC analysis of chiral derivatives in the hydrolysate. MTT assay was applied to test these compounds against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Results found that verniciflavanol A demonstrated the best potential in protecting SH-SY5Y cells against H2O2-induced oxidative stress by inhibiting cell apoptosis and attenuate reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and mitochondrial dysfunction. And the underlying mechanism was confirmed to be associated with Nrf2-antioxidant response element signaling and IL-6 cell survival pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meichen Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yunqiang Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Tingting Han
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Lu Guan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Dongxue Fan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Qinke Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jianyu Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China.
| | - Yongnan Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China.
| | - Yanhua Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550014, PR China.
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Bo S, Chang SK, Chen Y, Sheng Z, Jiang Y, Yang B. The structure characteristics, biosynthesis and health benefits of naturally occurring rare flavonoids. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:2490-2512. [PMID: 36123801 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2124396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Rare flavonoids, a special subclass of naturally occurring flavonoids with diverse structures including pterocarpans, aurones, neoflavonoids, homoisoflavones, diphenylpropanes, rotenoids and 2-phenylethyl-chromones. They are mainly found in legumes with numerous health benefits. Rare flavonoids are regarded as minor flavonoids due to their very limited abundance in nature. This review gives an overview of the natural occurrences of rare flavonoids from previous literatures. Recent findings on the biosynthesis of rare flavonoids have been updated by describing their structural characteristics and classifications. Recent findings on the health benefits of rare flavonoids have also been compiled and discussed. Natural rare flavonoids with various characteristics from different subclasses from plant-based food sources are stated. They show a wide range of health benefits, including antibacterial, anticancer, anti-osteoporosis and antiviral activities. Studies reviewed suggest that rare flavonoids possessing different skeletons demonstrate different characteristic bioactivities by discussing their mechanism of actions and structure-activity relationships. Besides, recent advances on the biosynthesis of rare flavonoids, such as pterocarpans, rotenoids and aurones are well-known, while the biosynthesis of other subclasses remain unknown. The perspectives and further applications of rare flavonoids using metabolic engineering strategies also be expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengtao Bo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sui Kiat Chang
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul, Rahman, Kampar, Malaysia
| | - Yipeng Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhili Sheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yueming Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bao Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Wang L, Li Y, Noshiro S, Suzuki M, Arai T, Kobayashi K, Xie L, Zhang M, He N, Fang Y, Zhang F. Stepped Geomorphology Shaped the Phylogeographic Structure of a Widespread Tree Species ( Toxicodendron vernicifluum, Anacardiaceae) in East Asia. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:920054. [PMID: 35720535 PMCID: PMC9201781 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.920054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Species' phylogeographic patterns reflect the interplay between landscape features, climatic forces, and evolutionary processes. Here, we used two chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) markers (trnL and trnL-F) to explore the role of stepped geomorphology in shaping the phylogeographic structure of Toxicodendron vernicifluum, an economically important tree species widely distributed in East Asia. The range-wide pattern of sequence variation was analyzed based on a dataset including 357 individuals from China, together with published sequences of 92 individuals mainly from Japan and South Korea. We identified five chloroplast haplotypes based on seven substitutions across the 717-bp alignment. A clear east-west phylogeographic break was recovered according to the stepped landforms of mainland China. The wild trees of the western clade were found to be geographically restricted to the "middle step", which is characterized by high mountains and plateaus, while those of the eastern clade were confined to the "low step", which is mainly made up of hills and plains. The two major clades were estimated to have diverged during the Early Pleistocene, suggesting that the cool glacial climate may have caused the ancestral population to retreat to at least two glacial refugia, leading to allopatric divergence in response to long-term geographic isolation. Migration vector analyses based on the outputs of ecological niche models (ENMs) supported a gradual range expansion since the Last Interglacial. Mountain ranges in western China and the East China Sea land bridge were inferred to be dispersal corridors in the western and eastern distributions of T. vernicifluum, respectively. Overall, our study provides solid evidence for the role of stepped geomorphology in shaping the phylogeographic patterns of T. vernicifluum. The resulting east-west genetic discontinuities could persist for a long time, and could occur at a much larger scale than previously reported, extending from subtropical (e.g., the Xuefeng Mountain) to warm-temperate China (e.g., the Taihang Mountain).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yao Li
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuichi Noshiro
- Center for Obsidian and Lithic Studies, Meiji University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Lei Xie
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingyue Zhang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Na He
- Xi’an Research Institute of Chinese Lacquer, All China Federation of Supply and Marketing Cooperatives, Xi’an, China
| | - Yanming Fang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feilong Zhang
- Xi’an Research Institute of Chinese Lacquer, All China Federation of Supply and Marketing Cooperatives, Xi’an, China
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7
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Zhong T, Li M, Wu H, Wang D, Liu J, Xu Y, Fan Y. Novel Flavan-3,4-diol vernicidin B from Toxicodendron Vernicifluum (Anacardiaceae) as potent antioxidant via IL-6/Nrf2 cross-talks pathways. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 100:154041. [PMID: 35306369 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress is considered to be a pathological factor of various neurodegenerative diseases. Studies have confirmed the antioxidant activity of T. vernicifluum. However, the main active components responsible for antioxidant activity remain unknown. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to explore the activities of vernicidin B on oxidative stress injury induced by H2O2 in SH-SY5Y cells, and the underlying mechanism of vernicidin B in oxidative stress-related neurological diseases is further discussed. METHODS Various separation methods were used to isolate and identify the compounds in an EtOAc extract of T. vernicifluum. The structures of the isolates were clarified by HR-TOF-MS and 1D/2D NMR data and compared with findings in previous literature. The MTT assay was used to evaluate the potential antioxidant activity of the isolated flavonoids. The apoptosis rate, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and mitochondrial potential were measured by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscope. The levels of related proteins were detected by Western blotting. RESULTS Four new flavan-3,4-diols (1-4, vernicidins A-D) and 11 known flavonoids (5-15) were purified from the EtOAc extract of T. vernicifluum. Among these compounds, vernicidin B showed the most promising potential for protecting SH-SY5Y cells from H2O2-induced oxidative stress. Moreover, pretreatment with vernicidin B decreased ROS production and mitochondrial membrane potential and significantly attenuated H2O2-induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanistically, the antioxidant stress activities of vernicidin B were confirmed to be related to the IL-6/Nrf2 cross-talks pathway and its downstream pathways, including PI3K/Akt/mToR-Gsk3β, JAK2/STAT3 and MAPKs. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that vernicidin B can improve the oxidative stress injury induced by H2O2 through IL-6/Nrf2 cross-talks pathway, indicating that it may be a potential candidate drug for the treatment of oxidative stress-related neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhong
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550014, PR China
| | - Meichen Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Hongshan Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550014, PR China
| | - Daoping Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, PR China
| | - Jianyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
| | - Yongnan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
| | - Yanhua Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550014, PR China.
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8
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Bai G, Chen C, Zhao C, Zhou T, Li D, Zhou T, Li W, Lu Y, Cong X, Jia Y, Li S. The chromosome-level genome for Toxicodendron vernicifluum provides crucial insights into Anacardiaceae evolution and urushiol biosynthesis. iScience 2022; 25:104512. [PMID: 35733792 PMCID: PMC9207680 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The lacquer tree (Toxicodendron vernicifluum (Stokes) F.A. Barkley) is an important tree with economic, industrial, and medicinal values. Here, we generated the reference genome of T. vernicifluum at the chromosome level with 491.93 Mb in size, in which 98.26% of the assembled contigs were anchored onto 15 pseudochromosomes with the scaffold N50 of 32.97 Mb. Comparative genomic analysis revealed the gene families related to urushiol biosynthesis were expanded, contributing to the ecological fitness and biological adaptability of the lacquer tree. We combined multi-omics data to identify genes that encode key enzymes in the T. vernicifluum urushiol and lignin biosynthetic pathways. Furthermore, the unique active metabolites, such as butin and fisetin, in cultivar lacquers were identified by metabolism profiling. Our work would provide crucial insights into metabolite synthesis such as urushiol and lignin, meanwhile offer a basis for further exploration of the cultivation and breeding of T. vernicifluum and other Anacardiaceae members. We provide the first chromosome-level genome for Toxicodendron vernicifluum We explore the phylogenetic position of lacquer tree We identify genes involved in the urushiol and lignin biosynthetic pathways Analysis of the unique active metabolites in cultivar lacquers by LC-MS/MS is reported
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Bai
- Xi’an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Province Qinling-Bashan Mountains Engineering Research Centre of Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Xi’an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Province Qinling-Bashan Mountains Engineering Research Centre of Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Chenxi Zhao
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Dan Li
- SDIC Biotech Investment Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Tianhua Zhou
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China
| | - Weimin Li
- Xi’an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Province Qinling-Bashan Mountains Engineering Research Centre of Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Yuan Lu
- Xi’an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Province Qinling-Bashan Mountains Engineering Research Centre of Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Xiaofeng Cong
- Xi’an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Province Qinling-Bashan Mountains Engineering Research Centre of Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Yun Jia
- Xi’an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Province Qinling-Bashan Mountains Engineering Research Centre of Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Sifeng Li
- Xi’an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Province Qinling-Bashan Mountains Engineering Research Centre of Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources, Xi’an 710061, China
- Corresponding author
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Noor S, Mohammad T, Rub MA, Raza A, Azum N, Yadav DK, Hassan MI, Asiri AM. Biomedical features and therapeutic potential of rosmarinic acid. Arch Pharm Res 2022; 45:205-228. [PMID: 35391712 PMCID: PMC8989115 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-022-01378-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
For decades, the use of secondary metabolites of various herbs has been an attractive strategy in combating human diseases. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a bioactive phenolic compound commonly found in plants of Lamiaceae and Boraginaceae families. RA is biosynthesized using amino acids tyrosine and phenylalanine via enzyme-catalyzed reactions. However, the chemical synthesis of RA involves an esterification reaction between caffeic acid and 3,4-dihydroxy phenyl lactic acid contributing two phenolic rings to the structure of RA. Several studies have ascertained multiple therapeutic benefits of RA in various diseases, including cancer, diabetes, inflammatory disorders, neurodegenerative disorders, and liver diseases. Many previous scientific papers indicate that RA can be used as an anti-plasmodic, anti-viral and anti-bacterial drug. In addition, due to its high anti-oxidant capacity, this natural polyphenol has recently gained attention for its possible application as a nutraceutical compound in the food industry. Here we provide state-of-the-art, flexible therapeutic potential and biomedical features of RA, its implications and multiple uses. Along with various valuable applications in safeguarding human health, this review further summarizes the therapeutic advantages of RA in various human diseases, including cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, the challenges associated with the clinical applicability of RA have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Noor
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Taj Mohammad
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Malik Abdul Rub
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Raza
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jawahar Lal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Naved Azum
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Yadav
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Hambakmoeiro, Yeonsugu, Incheon, 21924, Korea.
| | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, 110025, India.
| | - Abdullah M Asiri
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Subedi L, Gaire BP, Kim SY, Parveen A. Nitric Oxide as a Target for Phytochemicals in Anti-Neuroinflammatory Prevention Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094771. [PMID: 33946349 PMCID: PMC8124914 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a neurotransmitter that mediates the activation and inhibition of inflammatory cascades. Even though physiological NO is required for defense against various pathogens, excessive NO can trigger inflammatory signaling and cell death through reactive nitrogen species-induced oxidative stress. Excessive NO production by activated microglial cells is specifically associated with neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative conditions, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, ischemia, hypoxia, multiple sclerosis, and other afflictions of the central nervous system (CNS). Therefore, controlling excessive NO production is a desirable therapeutic strategy for managing various neuroinflammatory disorders. Recently, phytochemicals have attracted considerable attention because of their potential to counteract excessive NO production in CNS disorders. Moreover, phytochemicals and nutraceuticals are typically safe and effective. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of NO production and its involvement in various neurological disorders, and we revisit a number of recently identified phytochemicals which may act as NO inhibitors. This review may help identify novel potent anti-inflammatory agents that can downregulate NO, specifically during neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.
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Li MC, Zhang YQ, Meng CW, Gao JG, Xie CJ, Liu JY, Xu YN. Traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of Toxicodendron vernicifluum (Stokes) F.A. Barkley - A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 267:113476. [PMID: 33075438 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Toxicodendron vernicifluum (Stokes) F.A. Barkley (syn. Rhus verniciflua or vernicifera Stokes, Anacardiaceae) (RVS), the lacquer tree, also known as sumac, has been used in China, Japan and South Korea for thousands of years as a highly durable coating material and a traditional herbal medicine, which contains medicinal ingredients with anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and anti-rheumatic activities. AIM OF THIS REVIEW This review intends to provide a comprehensive and critical appraisal of RVS, including its phytochemical data, botanical and pharmacological literature that support its therapeutic potential in treatment on human diseases, with emphasis on the isolation of natural occurring compounds and detailed pharmacological investigations. MATERIALS AND METHODS Specific information of RVS was collected by using the key words "Toxicodendron vernicifluum", "Rhus verniciflua Stokes", "Rhus vernicifera Stokes" and "Lacquer tree" through published scientific materials (including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Wiley, ACS, CNKI, Scifinder, Springer, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Baidu Scholar) and other literature sources. RESULTS The major phytoconstituents, 175 of which are presented in this review, including flavonoids, urushiols, terpenes, phenolic acids and other types of compounds, of which flavonoids and urushiols are main components. The extracts and isolates purified from RVS showed a wide range of in vitro and in vivo pharmacological effects, such as anti-cancer, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, tyrosinase inhibition and so on. CONCLUSION The modern pharmacological research of RVS mainly focus on the pharmacological effects of crude extract or active constituents, of which the flavonoids are widely studied. However, there are few reports on the relationship between pharmacological effects and their structures. And at present, there is still a lack of researches that are of both effective and in-depth. Meanwhile, there is little research on quality control. Apart from the wood and lacquer, other botanical parts also need to be explored further. In addition to phenolic compounds, the study on other types of components in T. vernicifluum would start more sparks for the discovery of new bioactive principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Chen Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yun-Qiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Cai-Wen Meng
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jin-Gou Gao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Chao-Jie Xie
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jian-Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Yong Nan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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ALTamimi JZ, BinMowyna MN, AlFaris NA, Alagal RI, El-kott AF, AL-Farga AM. Fisetin protects against streptozotocin-induced diabetic cardiomyopathy in rats by suppressing fatty acid oxidation and inhibiting protein kinase R. Saudi Pharm J 2021; 29:27-42. [PMID: 33603537 PMCID: PMC7873759 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined if the Fisetin against streptozotocin-induced diabetic cardiomyopathy (DC) in rats involves regulating cardiac metabolism and suppressing protein kinase R (PKR). Male rats were divided (12/groups) as control (non-diabetic), control + Fisetin, T1DM, and T1DM + Fisetin. Fisetin was administered orally at a final dose of 2.5 mg/kg for 12 weeks. In T1DM1-induced rats, Fisetin prevented heart and final body weights loss, lowered circulatory levels troponin I and creatinine kinase-MB (CK-MB), increased fasting insulin levels, and improved ventricular systolic and diastolic functions. It also preserved the structure of the cardiomyocytes and reduced oxidative stress, fibrosis, protein levels of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), collagenase 1A, caspase-3, and the activation of JNK, p53, and p38 MAPK. In the control and diabetic rats, Fisetin attenuated fasting hyperglycaemia, the increases in glucose levels after the oral and insulin tolerance tests, and HOMA-IR. It also increased cardiac glucose oxidation by increasing the activity of private dehydrogenase (PDH), phosphofructokinase (PFK), protein levels of PPAR-α and suppressed cardiac inflammation by inhibiting NF-κB. These effects were associated with a reduction in the activity of PKR and subsequent increase in the activity of eeukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2) with a parallel increase in protein levels of p67, a cellular inhibitor of PKR. In cultured cardiomyocytes, Fisetin, prevented high glucose (HG)-induced activation of PKR and reduction in p67, in a dose-dependent manner. However, the effect of Fisetin on PKR was diminished in LG and HG-treated cardiomyocytes with p67-siRNA. In conclusion, Fisetin protects against DC in rats by improving cardiac glucose metabolism and suppressing PKR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozaa Z. ALTamimi
- Nutrition and Food Science (PHD), Department of Physical Sport Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona N. BinMowyna
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nora A. AlFaris
- Nutrition and Food Science (PHD), Department of Physical Sport Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reham I. Alagal
- Nutrition and Food Science (PHD), Department of Physical Sport Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Attalla F. El-kott
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ammar M. AL-Farga
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Sciences, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Anti-Influenza Activity of an Ethyl Acetate Fraction of a Rhus verniciflua Ethanol Extract by Neuraminidase Inhibition. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:8824934. [PMID: 33204399 PMCID: PMC7661131 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8824934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Antigenic mismatch can cause influenza vaccines to be ineffective, and influenza viruses resistant to antiviral drugs are rising. Thus, development of antiviral agents against these viruses is an immediate need. Rhus verniciflua (RVS) has long been used in herbal medicine and as a nutritional supplement. The effect of RVS and its components on influenza virus has not, however, been reported. We found that RVS treatment significantly reduced viral replication when evaluated with green fluorescent protein- (GFP-) tagged virus (influenza A virus, A/PR/8/34-GFP) in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. RVS showed significant inhibition of neuraminidase from A/PR/8/34. Subsequently, three fractions were prepared from an ethanolic crude extract of RVS. In vitro assays indicated that an ethyl acetate fraction (RVSE) was more potent than H2O and CHCl3 fractions. RVSE significantly suppressed influenza virus infection in MDCK cells via neuraminidase inhibition. Additionally, RVSE treatment inhibited expression of several virus proteins and decreased mortality of mice exposed to influenza A/PR/8/34 by 50% and reduced weight loss by 11.5%. Active components in RVSE were isolated, and 5-deoxyluteolin (5) and sulfuretin (7) demonstrate the highest neuraminidase inhibitory activity against influenza A virus. RVS, RVSE, and their constituents may be useful for the development of anti-influenza agents.
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Li MC, Xie CJ, Gao JG, Meng CW, He YJ, Liu JY, Xu YN. Chemical constituents from the heartwood of Toxicodendron vernicifluum (Stokes) F.A. Barkley. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2020.104017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Wang L, He N, Li Y, Fang Y, Zhang F. Complete Chloroplast Genome Sequence of Chinese Lacquer Tree ( Toxicodendron vernicifluum, Anacardiaceae) and Its Phylogenetic Significance. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:9014873. [PMID: 32071921 PMCID: PMC7011389 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9014873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chinese lacquer tree (Toxicodendron vernicifluum) is an important commercial arbor species widely cultivated in East Asia for producing highly durable lacquer. Here, we sequenced and analyzed the complete chloroplast (cp) genome of T. vernicifluum and reconstructed the phylogeny of Sapindales based on 52 cp genomes of six families. The plastome of T. vernicifluum is 159,571 bp in length, including a pair of inverted repeats (IRs) of 26,511 bp, separated by a large single-copy (LSC) region of 87,475 bp and a small single-copy (SSC) region of 19,074 bp. A total of 126 genes were identified, of which 81 are protein-coding genes, 37 are transfer RNA genes, and eight are ribosomal RNA genes. Forty-nine mononucleotide microsatellites, one dinucleotide microsatellite, two complex microsatellites, and 49 long repeats were determined. Structural differences such as inversion variation in LSC and gene loss in IR were detected across cp genomes of the six genera in Anacardiaceae. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the genus Toxicodendron is closely related to Pistacia and Rhus. The phylogenetic relationships of the six families in Sapindales were well resolved. Overall, this study providing complete cp genome resources will be beneficial for determining potential molecular markers and evolutionary patterns of T. vernicifluum and its closely related species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Na He
- Xi'an Raw Lacquer and Research Institute, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yao Li
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yanming Fang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Feilong Zhang
- Xi'an Raw Lacquer and Research Institute, Xi'an 710061, China
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Antal DS, Ardelean F, Avram S, Pavel IZ, Danciu C, Soica C, Dehelean C. Flavonolignans: One Step Further in the Broad-Spectrum Approach of Cancer. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2020; 20:1817-1830. [PMID: 31976848 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200124112649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The small chemical class of flavonolignans encompasses unique hybrid molecules with versatile biological activities. Their anticancer effects have received considerable attention, and a large body of supporting evidence has accumulated. Moreover, their ability to interact with proteins involved in drug resistance, and to enhance the effects of conventional chemotherapeutics in decreasing cell viability make them influential partners in addressing cancer. OBJECTIVE The review provides an outline of the various ways in which flavonolignans advance the combat against cancer. While the main focus falls on flavonolignans from milk thistle, attention is drawn to the yet, underexplored potential of less known flavonolignan subgroups derived from isoflavonoids and aurones. METHODS Proceeding from the presentation of natural flavonolignan subtypes and their occurrence, the present work reviews these compounds with regard to their molecular targets in cancer, anti-angiogenetic effects, synergistic efficacy in conjunction with anticancer agents, reversal of drug resistance, and importance in overcoming the side effects of anticancer therapy. Recent advances in the endeavor to improve flavonolignan bioavailability in cancer are also presented. CONCLUSIONS Significant progress has been achieved in detailing the molecular mechanisms of silybin and its congeners in experimental models of cancer. The availability of novel formulations with improved bioavailability, and data from phase I clinical trials in cancer patients provide an encouraging basis for more extensive trials aimed at evaluating the benefits of Silybum flavonolignans in cancer management. On the other hand, further research on the antitumor efficacy of iso-flavonolignans and other subtypes of flavonolignans should be pursued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana S Antal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Florina Ardelean
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Stefana Avram
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ioana Z Pavel
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Corina Danciu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Codruta Soica
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Cristina Dehelean
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
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Venditti A, Frezza C, Foddai S, Serafini M, Bianco A. A rare bis-rhamnopyranosyl-aromadendrin derivative and other flavonoids from the flowers of Genista cilentina Vals. an endemic species of Southern Italy. ARAB J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2016.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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Immune Checkpoint PD-1/PD-L1 CTLA-4/CD80 are Blocked by Rhus verniciflua Stokes and its Active Compounds. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24224062. [PMID: 31717574 PMCID: PMC6891444 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The bark of Rhus verniciflua Stokes (RVS) has been used to treat cancer in Korean herbal medicine. When we screened for PD-1 and CTLA-4 immune checkpoint inhibitors (PD-1/PD-L1 CTLA-4/CD80) from around 800 herbal extracts using competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), we found that RVS blocked both the PD-1/PD-L1 and the CTLA-4/CD80 interactions. To identify the active compounds from RVS, we performed bioactivity-guided fractionation, and the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction of RVS proved to be the most effective at blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4/CD80 interactions. In addition, we isolated and identified 20 major compounds in the EtOAc fraction of RVS and then examined the blocking effects of these 20 compounds on PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4/CD80. Among them, four compounds [eriodictyol (7) > fisetin (9) > quercetin (18) > liquiritigenin (13)] blocked the interaction of PD-1/PD-L1 on competitive ELISA. In addition, four different compounds [protocatechuic acid (2) > caffeic acid (19) > taxifolin (5) > butin (6)] blocked the interaction of CTLA-4/CD80. Our findings suggest that RVS and its components could be used as a potential immune checkpoint inhibitor blockade and could be developed for immuno-oncological therapeutics.
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Kim DH, Kim MJ, Kim DW, Kim GY, Kim JK, Gebru YA, Choi HS, Kim YH, Kim MK. Changes of Phytochemical Components (Urushiols, Polyphenols, Gallotannins) and Antioxidant Capacity during Fomitella fraxinea⁻Mediated Fermentation of Toxicodendron vernicifluum Bark. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24040683. [PMID: 30769845 PMCID: PMC6412378 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24040683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The stem bark of Toxicodendron vernicifluum (TVSB) has been widely used as a traditional herbal medicine and food ingredients in Korea. However, its application has been restricted due to its potential to cause allergies. Moreover, there is limited data available on the qualitative and quantitative changes in the composition of its phytochemicals during fermentation. Although the Formitella fraxinea-mediated fermentation method has been reported as an effective detoxification tool, changes to its bioactive components and the antioxidant activity that takes place during its fermentation process have not yet been fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the dynamic changes of urushiols, bioactive compounds, and antioxidant properties during the fermentation of TVSB by mushroom F. fraxinea. The contents of urushiols, total polyphenols, and individual flavonoids (fisetin, fustin, sulfuretin, and butein) and 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose (PGG) significantly decreased during the first 10 days of fermentation, with only a slight decrease thereafter until 22 days. Free radical scavenging activities using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6- sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) as an antioxidant function also decreased significantly during the first six to nine days of fermentation followed by a gentle decrease up until 22 days. These findings can be helpful in optimizing the F. fraxinea⁻mediated fermentation process of TVSB and developing functional foods with reduced allergy using fermented TVSB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Ham Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Jeonbuk, Korea.
| | - Min-Ji Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Jeonbuk, Korea.
| | - Dae-Woon Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Jeonbuk, Korea.
| | - Gi-Yoon Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Jeonbuk, Korea.
| | - Jong-Kuk Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Jeonbuk, Korea.
| | - Yoseph Asmelash Gebru
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Jeonbuk, Korea.
| | - Han-Seok Choi
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries Processing, Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju 54874, Jeonbuk, Korea.
| | - Young-Hoi Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Jeonbuk, Korea.
| | - Myung-Kon Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Jeonbuk, Korea.
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Boucherle B, Peuchmaur M, Boumendjel A, Haudecoeur R. Occurrences, biosynthesis and properties of aurones as high-end evolutionary products. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2017; 142:92-111. [PMID: 28704688 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2017.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed a considerable renewed interest for the uncommon flavonoid class of aurones. The characterization of two major biosynthetic machineries involved in their biosynthesis in flowers has encouraged the revival of phytochemical studies and identification of original structures, a process started almost seventy-five years ago. This review draws up an exhaustive map of natural occurrences of aurones their biosynthetic pathways and roles, with the aim to link their original structural properties among flavonoids to their place in evolution and the selective advantages they bring to some of the most advanced taxa in the plant kingdom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Boucherle
- Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS, DPM UMR 5063, CS 40700, 38058, Grenoble, France
| | - Marine Peuchmaur
- Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS, DPM UMR 5063, CS 40700, 38058, Grenoble, France
| | - Ahcène Boumendjel
- Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS, DPM UMR 5063, CS 40700, 38058, Grenoble, France
| | - Romain Haudecoeur
- Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS, DPM UMR 5063, CS 40700, 38058, Grenoble, France.
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Shin SH, Lee SR, Lee E, Kim KH, Byun S. Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester from the Twigs of Cinnamomum cassia Inhibits Malignant Cell Transformation by Inducing c-Fos Degradation. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2017; 80:2124-2130. [PMID: 28682072 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The twigs of Cinnamomum cassia, commonly referred to as Cinnamomi Ramulus, are widely used as one of the primary ingredients in Chinese/Korean traditional medicines that have anticancer effects. However, the active constituents responsible for its anticancer effects and their molecular mechanisms still remain to be elucidated. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) and caffeic acid (CA) were isolated for the first time from C. cassia using LC-MS-guided phytochemical isolation methods. CAPE significantly suppressed EGF- and TPA-induced cell transformation of JB6 P+ cells at sub-micromolar concentrations, whereas CA, a structurally similar compound to CAPE, had no such effect. The antiproliferative and chemopreventive activity of CAPE was found to arise through the inhibition of AP-1 transcriptional activity via the promotion of c-Fos degradation. These findings demonstrate that CAPE may contribute to the chemopreventive/chemotherapeutic effects of C. cassia through downregulating c-Fos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Ho Shin
- Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Seoung Rak Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjung Lee
- Traditional Alcoholic Beverage Research Team, Korea Food Research Institute , Seongnam 13539, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanguine Byun
- Division of Bioengineering, Incheon National University , Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
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Padmavathi G, Roy NK, Bordoloi D, Arfuso F, Mishra S, Sethi G, Bishayee A, Kunnumakkara AB. Butein in health and disease: A comprehensive review. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 25:118-127. [PMID: 28190465 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The risk of suffering from many chronic diseases seems to have made no improvement despite the advancement in medications available in the modern world. Moreover, the use of synthetic chemicals as medications has proved to worsen the scenario due to the various adverse side effects associated with them. PURPOSE Extensive research on natural medicines provides ample evidence on the safety and efficacy of phytochemicals and nutraceuticals against diverse chronic ailments. Therefore, it is advisable to use natural products in the management of such diseases. This article aims to present a comprehensive and critical review of known pharmacological and biological effects of butein, an important chalcone polyphenol first isolated from Rhus verniciflua Stokes, implicated in the prevention and treatment of various chronic disease conditions. METHODS An extensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus and Web of ScienceTM core collections using key words followed by evaluation of the bibliographies of relevant articles. RESULTS Butein has been preclinically proven to be effective against several chronic diseases because it possesses a wide range of biological properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antidiabetic, hypotensive and neuroprotective effects. Furthermore, it has been shown to affect multiple molecular targets, including the master transcription factor nuclear factor-κB and its downstream molecules. Moreover, since it acts on multiple pathways, the chances of non-responsiveness and resistance development is reduced, supporting the use of butein as a preferred treatment option. CONCLUSION Based on numerous preclinical studies, butein shows significant therapeutic potential against various diseases. Nevertheless, well-designed clinical studies are urgently needed to validate the preclinical findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesan Padmavathi
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam 781 039, India
| | - Nand Kishor Roy
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam 781 039, India
| | - Devivasha Bordoloi
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam 781 039, India
| | - Frank Arfuso
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, West Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Srishti Mishra
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore; School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Biosciences Research Precinct, Curtin University, Western Australia 6009, Australia.
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Larkin Health Sciences Institute, Miami, FL 33169, USA.
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam 781 039, India.
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Lee S, Moon E, Choi SU, Kim KH. Lignans from the Twigs of Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Siebold and Their Biological Evaluation. Chem Biodivers 2017; 13:1391-1396. [PMID: 27447684 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201600083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A new sesquilignan, euonymolin A (1), and six known lignans, (-)-de-O-methylmagnolin (2), (+)-de-O-methylepimagnolin A (3), (+)-syringaresinol (4), (+)-pinoresinol (5), (+)-medioresinol (6), and (+)-lariciresinol 4'-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (7), were isolated from the twigs of Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Siebold (Celastraceae). The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated based on spectroscopic analyses, including extensive 1D- and 2D-NMR techniques, HR-MS analysis and circular dichroism (CD) data, and the literature data. All of the isolated compounds were evaluated for antiproliferative activity against A549, SK-OV-3, SK-MEL-2, and HCT-15 cell lines and inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated BV2 cell line. All compounds showed cytotoxicity against the SK-MEL-2 cell line with IC50 values of 23.24 - 48.14 μm and inhibited NO production in LPS-activated BV-2 cells with IC50 values of 6.75 - 23.53 μm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seulah Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, Korea
| | - Eunjung Moon
- Charmzone R&D Center, Charmzone Co., Ltd., 318 Yeongdong-daero, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06177, Korea
| | - Sang Un Choi
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Deajeon, 305-600, Korea
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, Korea.
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Long-chain alkyl-substituted gentisic acid and benzoquinone derivatives from the root of Micronychia tsiramiramy (Anacardiaceae). ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG SECTION B-A JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL SCIENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-2015-0188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A new gentisic acid derivative named micronyc acid (1) and a new 1,4-benzoquinone derivative named micronone (2) have been isolated from the root of Micronychia tsiramiramy together with the known compounds gallic acid (3), methyl gallate (4), moronic acid (5), masticadienolic acid (6), and masticadienediol (7). The structures of 1 and 2 were established using MS and NMR. Compound 1 was tested for antiplasmodial activity in vitro against the chloroquine-resistant strain Plasmodium falciparum W2 and displayed moderate antiplasmodial activity in vitro with an IC50 value of 25.6 μ
m. Compounds 1 and its acetyl derivative 1a were also tested for their cytotoxicity against the human cervix carcinoma cell line KB-3-1 and still showed moderate activity.
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Abstract
Natural compounds isolated from various plant sources have been used for therapeutic purpose for centuries. These compounds have been routinely used for the management of various chronic ailments and have gained considerable attention because of their significant efficacy and comparatively low side effects. Butein, a chacolnoid compound that has been isolated from various medicinal plants has exhibited a wide range of beneficial pharmacological effects, such as anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-angiogenic in diverse disease models. This article briefly summarizes the past published literature related to the therapeutic and protective effects of butein, as demonstrated in various models of human chronic diseases. Further analysis of its important cellular targets, toxicity, and pharmacokinetic profile may further significantly expand its therapeutic application.
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Padmavathi G, Rathnakaram SR, Monisha J, Bordoloi D, Roy NK, Kunnumakkara AB. Potential of butein, a tetrahydroxychalcone to obliterate cancer. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 22:1163-1171. [PMID: 26598915 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2015.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Revised: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the major advances made in the field of cancer biology, it still remains one of the most fatal diseases in the world. It is now well established that natural products are safe and efficacious and have high potential in the prevention and treatment of different diseases including cancer. Butein is one such compound which is now found to have anti-cancer properties against various malignancies. PURPOSE To thoroughly review the literature available on the anti-cancer properties of butein against different cancers and its molecular targets. METHODS A thorough literature search has been done in PubMed for butein, its biological activities especially cancer and its molecular targets. RESULTS Our search retrieved several reports on the various biological activities of butein in which around 43 articles reported that butein shows potential anti-proliferative effect against a wide range of neoplasms and the molecular target varies with cancer types. Most often it targets NF-κB and its downstream pathways. In addition, butein induces the expression of genes which mediate the cell death and apoptosis in cancer cells. It also inhibits tumor angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis in prostate, liver and bladder cancers through the inhibition of MMPs, VEGF etc. Moreover, it inhibits the overexpression of several proteins and enzymes such as STAT3, ERK, CXCR4, COX-2, Akt, EGFR, Ras etc. involved in tumorigenesis. CONCLUSION Collectively, all these findings suggest the enormous potential and efficacy of butein as a multitargeted chemotherapeutic, chemopreventive and chemosensitizing agent against a wide range of cancers with minimal or no adverse side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesan Padmavathi
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Sivakumar Raju Rathnakaram
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Javadi Monisha
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Devivasha Bordoloi
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Nand Kishor Roy
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India .
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Kim JH, Kim MY, Kim JH, Cho JY. Fisetin Suppresses Macrophage-Mediated Inflammatory Responses by Blockade of Src and Syk. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2015; 23:414-20. [PMID: 26336580 PMCID: PMC4556200 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2015.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids, such as fisetin (3,7,3′,4′-tetrahydroxyflavone), are plant secondary metabolites. It has been reported that fisetin is able to perform numerous pharmacological roles including anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, and anti-cancer activities; however, the exact anti-inflammatory mechanism of fisetin is not understood. In this study, the pharmacological action modes of fisetin in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage-like cells were elucidated by using immunoblotting analysis, kinase assays, and an overexpression strategy. Fisetin diminished the release of nitric oxide (NO) and reduced the mRNA levels of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells without displaying cytotoxicity. This compound also blocked the nuclear translocation of p65/nuclear factor (NF)-κB. In agreement, the upstream phosphorylation events for NF-κB activation, composed of Src, Syk, and IκBα, were also reduced by fisetin. The phospho-Src level, triggered by overexpression of wild-type Src, was also inhibited by fisetin. Therefore, these results strongly suggest that fisetin can be considered a bioactive immunomodulatory compound with anti-inflammatory properties through suppression of Src and Syk activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ho Kim
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746
| | - Mi-Yeon Kim
- School of Systems Biological Science, Soongsil University, Seoul 156-743
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746
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