1
|
Bagri P, Kumar V. Determination of genoprotection against cyclophosphamide induced toxicity in bone marrow of Swiss albino mice by Moringa oleifera leaves and Tinospora cordifolia stem. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2024; 87:647-661. [PMID: 38804873 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2024.2356861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine the genoprotective activity and safety of Moringa oleifera leave and Tinospora cordifolia stem extracts against cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced genotoxicity utilizing Swiss albino mice. Animals were divided into 14 groups for subacute treatment with either M. oleifera or T. cordifolia extracts daily for 28 days. The extract doses selected were 100, 200 or 400 mg/kg b.w administered orally alone or combined with CP (50 mg/kg b.w. intraperitoneally daily for 5 days). Analyses performed included the comet assay, micronucleus test (MN) in bone marrow cells and sperm head abnormality assay (SHA). M. oleifera and T. cordifolia extracts induced no significant genotoxic effects on somatic and germ cells. In contrast, for all cells examined M. oleifera and T. cordifolia extracts inhibited DNA damage initiated by CP. Taken together data demonstrated that both plant extracts did not exhibit marked genotoxic effects but displayed potential chemoprotective properties against CP-induced genotoxicity in Swiss mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Bagri
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Priya TS, Siva B, Vemireddy S, Babu KS. Bioactive constituents from Tinospora cordifolia (willd.): Isolation, synthesis and their immunomodulatory activity. Fitoterapia 2024; 176:105988. [PMID: 38703915 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.105988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Traditional medicinal plants have been used for centuries for their immunomodulatory properties and therapeutic potentials. The present study aims to investigate the immunomodulatory constituents from traditional medicinal plant, Tinospora cordifolia (willd.). Our study resulted in the isolation of new compound, 27-hydroxy octacosyl ferulate (1) along with eleven known compounds (2-12). The structures of the isolated compounds were characterized by combination of NMR (1D and 2D) and Mass spectroscopic methods. The hemisynthesis of compound 12 (ferulic acid) yielded (12a-12d and 12e-12 m) derivatives. Further, the isolated compounds and synthesized derivatives were assessed for their immunomodulatory potentials by evaluating their cytotoxicity and pro-inflammatory effects against macrophage cells (IL-6) and DC activation markers (CD 11c and 86). The biological results indicated that crude extract displayed potent immunomodulatory activity while isolated compounds and synthetic analogues showed moderate activity. Among the tested compounds, new compound (1), quercetin (10) and derivatives 12b, 12c found to be non-cytotoxic and displayed immunomodulatory potentials. Therefore, these compounds can be studied for autoimmunity and other immune suppressing conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Telukuntla Sai Priya
- Department of Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Bandi Siva
- Department of Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Sravanthi Vemireddy
- Department of Organic synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - K Suresh Babu
- Department of Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Och A, Lemieszek MK, Cieśla M, Jedrejek D, Kozłowska A, Pawelec S, Nowak R. Berberis vulgaris L. Root Extract as a Multi-Target Chemopreventive Agent against Colon Cancer Causing Apoptosis in Human Colon Adenocarcinoma Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4786. [PMID: 38732003 PMCID: PMC11084310 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Berberis vulgaris L. (Berberidaceae) is a shrub that has been widely used in European folk medicine as an anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial agent. The purpose of our study was to elucidate the mechanisms of the chemopreventive action of the plant's methanolic root extract (BVR) against colon cancer cells. Studies were conducted in human colon adenocarcinoma cell lines (LS180 and HT-29) and control colon epithelial CCD841 CoN cells. According to the MTT assay, after 48 h of cell exposure, the IC50 values were as follows: 4.3, 46.1, and 50.2 µg/mL for the LS180, HT-29, and CCD841 CoN cells, respectively, showing the greater sensitivity of the cancer cells to BVR. The Cell Death Detection ELISAPLUS kit demonstrated that BVR induced programmed cell death only against HT-29 cells. Nuclear double staining revealed the great proapoptotic BVR properties in HT-29 cells and subtle effect in LS180 cells. RT-qPCR with the relative quantification method showed significant changes in the expression of genes related to apoptosis in both the LS180 and HT-29 cells. The genes BCL2L1 (126.86-421.43%), BCL2L2 (240-286.02%), CASP3 (177.19-247.83%), and CASP9 (157.99-243.75%) had a significantly elevated expression, while BCL2 (25-52.03%) had a reduced expression compared to the untreated control. Furthermore, in a panel of antioxidant tests, BVR showed positive effects (63.93 ± 0.01, 122.92 ± 0.01, and 220.29 ± 0.02 mg Trolox equivalents (TE)/g in the DPPH•, ABTS•+, and ORAC assays, respectively). In the lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibition test, BVR revealed 62.60 ± 0.87% of enzyme inhibition. The chemical composition of BVR was determined using a UHPLC-UV-CAD-MS/MS analysis and confirmed the presence of several known alkaloids, including berberine, as well as other alkaloids and two derivatives of hydroxycinnamic acid (ferulic and sinapic acid hexosides). The results are very promising and encourage the use of BVR as a comprehensive chemopreventive agent (anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and pro-apoptotic) in colorectal cancer, and were widely discussed alongside data from the literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Och
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | | | - Marek Cieśla
- College of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Dariusz Jedrejek
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation—State Rsearch Institute, Czartoryskich 8 Street, 24-100 Puławy, Poland; (D.J.); (S.P.)
| | - Aleksandra Kozłowska
- Department of Radiotherapy, Medical University of Lublin, 13 Radziwiłłowska St., 20-080 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Sylwia Pawelec
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation—State Rsearch Institute, Czartoryskich 8 Street, 24-100 Puławy, Poland; (D.J.); (S.P.)
| | - Renata Nowak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gupta A, Gupta P, Bajpai G. Tinospora cordifolia (Giloy): An insight on the multifarious pharmacological paradigms of a most promising medicinal ayurvedic herb. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26125. [PMID: 38390130 PMCID: PMC10882059 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Medicinal herbs are being widely accepted as alternative remedies for preventing various diseases especially in India and other Asian countries. However, most plant-based herbal medicines are not yet being scientifically accepted worldwide. "Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers ex Hook.F. & Thomson", one of the most promising plant species of Tinospora known as "Giloy" or Guduchi that is used in several traditional medicines in treating diseases e.g., metabolic and immune disorders, diabetes, heart diseases, cancer, and infectious diseases, has been widely investigated. Varieties of bioactive phytochemical constituents isolated from the stem, root and whole plant of T. cordifolia have been identified. In the last two decades, the diverse pharmacological activities of T. cordifolia have been continuously studied. Due to its therapeutic efficacy in immune modulation, it could be effective in viral and other diseases treatment as well. A medicinal plant could be well-suited not only for the treatment of target site but also for boosting the body's immune system. As an alternate source of medication, medicinal herbs are continuously showing better compatibility with the human body with minimal side effects than other therapies. Keeping this in mind, the present review highlights the pharmacological potential of T. cordifolia against various diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Gupta
- Baj's Laboratories, Industrial Area, Rooma, Kanpur-208008, UP, India
- King George's Medical University, Lucknow-226003, UP, India
| | - Priyanka Gupta
- King George's Medical University, Lucknow-226003, UP, India
| | - Gunjan Bajpai
- Baj's Laboratories, Industrial Area, Rooma, Kanpur-208008, UP, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abd El-Razek MH, Eissa IH, Al-Karmalawy AA, Elrashedy AA, El-Desoky AH, Aboelmagd M, Mohamed TA, Hegazy MEF. epi-Magnolin, a tetrahydrofurofuranoid lignan from the oleo-gum resin of Commiphora wightii, as inhibitor of pancreatic cancer cell proliferation, in-vitro and in-silico study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38265952 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2308767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Five known furofuran lignans, dia-sesamin (1), 5-methoxysesamin (2), epi-magnolin (3), kobusin (4) and yangambin (5) were isolated for the first-time from the oleo-gum resin of Commiphora wightii. This is the first report on the 13C NMR assignments for epi-magnolin (3). Each of the isolated compounds was evaluated for its ability to inhibit MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cell line. Among them, epi-magnolin (3) displayed potential activity (IC50 = 29 nM) compared to colchicine (IC50 = 56 nM). 3D-flexible alignment revealed that epi-magnolin (3) has great matching with the tubulin polymerization inhibitor, colchicine. Meanwhile, docking studies exhibited that compounds 1-5 displayed good binding free energies against colchicine binding site (CBS) of tubulin with binding modes that were highly comparable to that of colchicine. Compounds 2, 3, and 5 showed superior binding free energies than colchicine (-24.37 kcal/mol). epi-Magnolin (3) showed the highest binding score against CBS. MD simulation studies confirmed the stability of epi-magnolin (3) in the active site for 200 ns. Furthermore, four online servers (Swiss ADME, pkCSM pharmacokinetics, AdmetSAR, and ProTox-II) were utilized to predict the ADMET parameters. The in-silico pharmacokinetics predictions reveled that epi-magnolin (3) has significant oral bioavailability and drug-like capabilities.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H Abd El-Razek
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research, National Research Centre (NRC), Giza, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim H Eissa
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Al-Karmalawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta, Egypt
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 6th of October City, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Elrashedy
- Department of the Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Institute, National Research Centre (NRC), Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H El-Desoky
- Pharmacognosy Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre (NRC), Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Aboelmagd
- Pharmacognosy Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre (NRC), Giza, Egypt
| | - Tarik A Mohamed
- Chemistry of Medicinal Plants Department, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research, National Research Centre (NRC), Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed-Elamir F Hegazy
- Chemistry of Medicinal Plants Department, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research, National Research Centre (NRC), Giza, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Paudel S, Mishra N, Agarwal R. Phytochemicals as Immunomodulatory Molecules in Cancer Therapeutics. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1652. [PMID: 38139779 PMCID: PMC10746110 DOI: 10.3390/ph16121652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytochemicals are natural plant-derived products that provide significant nutrition, essential biomolecules, and flavor as part of our diet. They have long been known to confer protection against several diseases via their anti-inflammatory, immune-regulatory, anti-microbial, and several other properties. Deciphering the role of phytochemicals in the prevention, inhibition, and treatment of cancer-unrestrained cell proliferation due to the loss of tight regulation on cell growth and replication-has been the focus of recent research. Particularly, the immunomodulatory role of phytochemicals, which is pivotal in unchecked cell proliferation and metastasis, has recently been studied extensively. The immune system is a critical component of the tumor microenvironment, and it plays essential roles in both preventing and promoting oncogenesis. Immunomodulation includes stimulation, amplification, or inactivation of some stage(s) of the immune response. Phytochemicals and their products have demonstrated immune regulation, such as macrophage migration, nitric oxide synthase inhibition, lymphocyte, T-cell, and cytokine stimulation, natural killer cell augmentation, and NFκB, TNF, and apoptosis regulation. There is a dearth of extensive accounts of the immunomodulatory effects of phytochemicals in cancer; thus, we have compiled these effects with mechanistic aspects of dietary phytochemicals in cancer, highlighting promising candidates and ongoing clinical trials on immunotherapeutic strategies to mitigate oncogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rajesh Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (S.P.); (N.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mohammed HS, Taha EFS, Mahrous FS, Sabour R, Abdel-Aziz MM, Ismail LD. Antimicrobial and antiviral evaluation of compounds from Holoptelea integrifolia: in silico supported in vitro study. RSC Adv 2023; 13:32473-32486. [PMID: 37928846 PMCID: PMC10624013 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05978b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Holoptelea integrifolia, also known as the Indian Elm Tree, has been used in Ayurvedic medicine for its medicinal properties. In this study, two biologically active metabolites, 5(6) dihydrostigmast 22en 3-O-β-glucoside (DHS) and 1-O-eicosanoyl glycerol-2'-O-β-galactouronic (EGG), were isolated for the first time from the n-butanol fraction of H. integrifolia using a chromatographic technique and identified by NMR, and HRESI-MS. The antiviral and multidrug-resistant activities of these metabolites were evaluated as well as the n-butanol fraction. The n-butanol fraction of H. integrifolia exhibited weak antiviral effects, but DHS and EGG demonstrated significant antiviral activity against herpes simplex type-1 (HSV-1) and Coxsackie (CoxB4) viruses. Both metabolites showed lower IC50 values than the standard antiviral drug acyclovir, indicating their potency in inhibiting viral replication. EGG showed potent antiviral activity with minimal cytotoxicity at the highest concentration tested, presenting a selectivity index (SI) of 18.18 and 15.58 against HSV-1 and CoxB4 viruses, respectively. A preliminary assessment of the antibacterial activity of the n-butanol fraction and metabolites revealed that DHS had the highest inhibitory potency against drug-resistant strains, including MRSA and Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumonia. It also exhibited significant inhibitions against Fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans and ESBL - Escherichia coli. DHS displayed the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values, indicating its superiority as an antibacterial agent compared to EGG and the n-butanol fraction. Molecular docking analysis confirmed the antiviral and antibacterial actions of DHS and EGG by demonstrating their strong binding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hala Sh Mohammed
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University Cairo (11311) Egypt
| | - Eman F S Taha
- Department of Health Radiation Research, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA) Cairo Egypt
| | - Fatma S Mahrous
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University Cairo (11311) Egypt
| | - Rehab Sabour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University Cairo Egypt
| | - Marwa M Abdel-Aziz
- The Regional Centre for Mycology and Biotechnology, Al-Azhar University Cairo Egypt
| | - Lotfy D Ismail
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University Cairo Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Anjum V, Bagale U, Kadi A, Potoroko I, Sonawane SH, Anjum A. Unveiling Various Facades of Tinospora cordifolia Stem in Food: Medicinal and Nutraceutical Aspects. Molecules 2023; 28:7073. [PMID: 37894552 PMCID: PMC10609069 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural products with curative properties are gaining immense popularity in scientific and food research, possessing no side effects in contrast to other drugs. Guduchi, or Tinospora cordifolia, belongs to the menispermaceae family of universal drugs used to treat various diseases in traditional Indian literature. It has received attention in recent decades because of its utilization in folklore medicine for treating several disorders. Lately, the findings of active phytoconstituents present in herbal plants and their pharmacological function in disease treatment and control have stimulated interest in plants around the world. Guduchi is ethnobotanically used for jaundice, diabetes, urinary problems, stomachaches, prolonged diarrhea, skin ailments, and dysentery. The treatment with Guduchi extracts was accredited to phytochemical constituents, which include glycosides, alkaloids, steroids, and diterpenoid lactones. This review places emphasis on providing in-depth information on the budding applications of herbal medicine in the advancement of functional foods and nutraceuticals to natural product researchers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Varisha Anjum
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk 454080, Russia; (U.B.); (A.K.); (I.P.)
| | - Uday Bagale
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk 454080, Russia; (U.B.); (A.K.); (I.P.)
| | - Ammar Kadi
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk 454080, Russia; (U.B.); (A.K.); (I.P.)
| | - Irina Potoroko
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk 454080, Russia; (U.B.); (A.K.); (I.P.)
| | - Shirish H. Sonawane
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Warangal 506004, India;
| | - Areefa Anjum
- Department of Ilmul Advia, School of Unani Medical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India;
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kauser S, Mughees M, Swami S, Wajid S. Pre-clinical toxicity assessment of Artemisia absinthium extract-loaded polymeric nanoparticles associated with their oral administration. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1196842. [PMID: 37492095 PMCID: PMC10363985 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1196842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: This study was designed to quantify the composition of the ethanolic extract of Artemisia absinthium through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis and ensure in vivo safety of A. absinthium extract-loaded polymeric nanoparticles (ANPs) before considering their application as a drug carrier via the oral route. Methods: We synthesized N-isopropylacrylamide, N-vinyl pyrrolidone, and acrylic acid crosslinked polymeric NPs by free-radical polymerization reaction and characterized them by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering spectroscopy. Different concentrations of extract (50 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, and 2,000 mg/kg body weight) were encapsulated into the hydrophobic core of polymeric micelles for the assessment of acute oral toxicity and their LD50 cut-off value as per the test procedure of OECD guideline 423. Orally administered female Wistar rats were observed for general appearance, behavioral changes, and mortality for the first 30 min, 4 h, 24 h, and then, daily once for 14 days. Result: ANPs at the dose of 300 mg/kg body weight were used as an initial dose, and rats showed few short-lived signs of toxicity, with few histological alterations in the kidney and intestine. Based on these observations, the next set of rats were treated at a lower dose of 50 mg/kg and a higher dose of 2,000 mg/kg ANPs. Rats administered with 50 mg/kg ANPs remained normal throughout the study with insignificant histological disintegration; however, rats treated at 2,000 mg/kg ANPs showed some signs of toxicity followed by mortality among all three rats within 24-36 h, affecting the intestine, liver, and kidney. There were no significant differences in hematological and biochemical parameters among rats treated at 50 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg ANPs. Conclusion: We conclude that the LD50 cut-off value of these ANPs will be 500 mg/kg extract loaded in polymeric NPs.
Collapse
|
10
|
Rebouças-Silva J, Santos GF, Filho JMB, Berretta AA, Marquele-Oliveira F, Borges VM. In vitro leishmanicidal effect of Yangambin and Epi-yangambin lignans isolated from Ocotea fasciculata (Nees) Mez. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 12:1045732. [PMID: 36704104 PMCID: PMC9872140 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1045732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Yangambin and epi-yangambin are the main lignans found in Louro-de-Cheiro [Ocotea fasciculata (Nees) Mez], a tree native to the Atlantic forests of northeastern Brazil whose leaves and bark are widely used in folk medicine. The present study investigated the leishmanicidal and immunomodulatory effects of both lignans in in vitro models of infection by Leishmania amazonensis or Leishmania braziliensis, both etiological agents of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Brazil. Methods Bone marrow-derived mouse macrophages were infected with L. amazonensis or L. braziliensis and then treated for 48 h at varying concentrations of yangambin or epi-yangambin. Results Yangambin and epi-yangambin were found to reduce the intracellular viability of either Leishmania species in a concentration-dependent manner, with respective IC50 values of: 43.9 ± 5 and 22.6 ± 4.9 µM for L. amazonensis, compared to IC50 values of 76 ± 17 and 74.4 ± 9.8 µM for L. braziliensis. In this context, epi-yangambin proved more selective and effective against in vitro infection by L. amazonensis. However, both lignans were found to distinctly modulate the production of inflammatory mediators and other cytokines by macrophages infected by either of the Leishmania species evaluated. While yangambin increased the production of IL-10 by L. braziliensis-infected macrophages, both compounds were observed to lower the production of NO, PGE2, IL-6 and TNF-α in both Leishmania species. Discussion The present results serve to encourage the development of novel studies aimed at screening natural bioactive compounds with the hope of discovering new therapeutic options for the treatment of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Rebouças-Silva
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Biomarkers, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil,Faculty of Medicine of Bahia, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Farias Santos
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Biomarkers, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - José Maria Barbosa Filho
- Post-Graduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Andresa A. Berretta
- Laboratory of Research, Development and Innovation, Apis Flora Industrial e Comercial Ltda, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Franciane Marquele-Oliveira
- Laboratory of Research, Development and Innovation, Eleve Science Research and Development, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Valéria M. Borges
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Biomarkers, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil,Faculty of Medicine of Bahia, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil,*Correspondence: Valéria M. Borges,
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Nandan A, Sharma V, Banerjee P, Sadasivam K, Venkatesan S, Prasher B. Deciphering the mechanism of Tinospora cordifolia extract on Th17 cells through in-depth transcriptomic profiling and in silico analysis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 13:1056677. [PMID: 36699055 PMCID: PMC9868420 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1056677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Naive CD4+ T cells differentiate into effector (Th1, Th2, Th17) cells and immunosuppressive (Treg) cells upon antigenic stimulation in the presence of a specific cytokine milieu. The T cell in vitro culture system provides a very efficient model to study compounds' therapeutic activity and mechanism of action. Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Hook.f. & Thomson (Family. Menispermaceae) is one of the widely used drugs in Ayurveda (ancient Indian system of medicine) for various ailments such as inflammatory conditions, autoimmune disorders, and cancer as well as for promoting general health. In vitro and in vivo studies on immune cells comprising dendritic cells, macrophages, and B cells suggest its immune-modulating abilities. However, to date, the effect of T. cordifolia on individual purified and polarized T cell subsets has not been studied. Studying drug effects on T cell subsets is needed to understand their immunomodulatory mechanism and to develop treatments for diseases linked with T cell abnormalities. In this study, we examined the immunomodulatory activity of T. cordifolia on primary CD4+ T cells, i.e., Th1, Th17, and iTreg cells. An aqueous extract of T. cordifolia was non-cytotoxic at concentrations below 1500 µg/ml and moderately inhibited the proliferation of naive CD4+ T cells stimulated with anti-CD3ε and anti-CD28 for 96 h. T. cordifolia treatment of naive CD4+ T cells differentiated under Th17-polarizing conditions exhibited reduced frequency of IL-17 producing cells with inhibition of differentiation and proliferation. For the first time, in-depth genome-wide expression profiling of T. cordifolia treated naive CD4+ T cells, polarized to Th17 cells, suggests the broad-spectrum activity of T. cordifolia. It shows inhibition of the cytokine-receptor signaling pathway, majorly via the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, subsequently causing inhibition of Th17 cell differentiation, proliferation, and effector function. Additionally, the molecular docking studies of the 69 metabolites of T. cordifolia further substantiate the inhibitory activity of T. cordifolia via the cytokine-receptor signaling pathway. Furthermore, in vitro polarized Th1 and iTreg cells treated with T. cordifolia extract also showed reduced IFN-γ production and FoxP3 expression, respectively. This study provides insight into the plausible mechanism/s of anti-inflammatory activity of T. cordifolia involving T cells, mainly effective in Th17-associated autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Nandan
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research -Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi, India,CSIR’s Ayurgenomics Unit, Translational Research and Innovative Science Through Ayurgenomics (TRISUTRA), CSIR-IGIB, Delhi, India,Centre of Excellence for Applied Development of Ayurveda, Prakriti and Genomics, CSIR- IGIB, Delhi, India,*Correspondence: Amrita Nandan, ; Bhavana Prasher,
| | | | - Prodyot Banerjee
- Centre of Excellence for Applied Development of Ayurveda, Prakriti and Genomics, CSIR- IGIB, Delhi, India
| | - Kannan Sadasivam
- Centre for High Computing, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Chennai, India
| | - Subramanian Venkatesan
- Centre for High Computing, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Chennai, India,Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Bhavana Prasher
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research -Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi, India,CSIR’s Ayurgenomics Unit, Translational Research and Innovative Science Through Ayurgenomics (TRISUTRA), CSIR-IGIB, Delhi, India,Centre of Excellence for Applied Development of Ayurveda, Prakriti and Genomics, CSIR- IGIB, Delhi, India,*Correspondence: Amrita Nandan, ; Bhavana Prasher,
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rawat K, Syeda S, Shrivastava A. A novel role of Tinospora cordifolia in amelioration of cancer-induced systemic deterioration by taming neutrophil infiltration and hyperactivation. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 108:154488. [PMID: 36240606 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer has emerged as a systemic disease which targets various organs thus challenging the overall physiology of the host. Recently, we have shown that hyperactive neutrophils infiltrate various organs of tumor bearing host and contribute to gradual systemic deterioration. Therefore, taming neutrophils via potent immunomodulators could be an appropriate therapeutic approach in regulating systemic damage. Tinospora cordifolia (TC), an Ayurvedic panacea, is known for its immense medicinal values in traditional literature and recent reports have also documented its immunomodulatory potential. However, whether TC can regulate neutrophils to exert its therapeutic effectiveness has not been deciphered so far. METHODS For the in vivo study, we utilized murine model of Dalton's Lymphoma (DL). T. cordifolia extract (TCE) treatment was scheduled at early, mid and advanced stages of tumor growth at a dose of 400 mg/kg b.w for 30 consecutive days. Effect of TCE on neutrophil infiltration was examined by immunostaining. Neutrophil elastase (NE) level in serum, ascitic fluid and various tissues was monitored by ELISA. Further, qPCR was performed to assess transcripts levels of NE, myeloperoxidase (MPO), metalloproteinases (MMP-8, MMP-9) and cathepsin G (CSTG) in various tissues. ROS level in tissue was assessed by DHE staining and organ function was assessed by histology post TCE treatment. RESULTS Our findings showed that TC treatment significantly reduced neutrophil count in peripheral blood and their infiltration in vital organs of tumor-bearing host. Further, it ameliorated neutrophil hyperactivation by down regulating the expression of its key cargoes including NE, MPO, MMP-8, MMP-9 and CSTG at early and mid stage of tumor growth. In addition, TC treatment prevented histopathological alterations and restored the normal serum enzyme levels at different stages of tumor growth. Importantly, TC treatment also showed significant reduction in tumor burden which was accompanied by a remarkable increase in survival of the tumor-bearing mice. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that T. cordifolia could limit systemic damage via regulating neutrophil infiltration and hyperactivation which can further lead to cancer control at both prophylactic and therapeutic level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Rawat
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Saima Syeda
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Anju Shrivastava
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Potential use of Tinospora cordifolia as a herbal supplement in dairy animals: a review. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 55:4. [PMID: 36502455 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03415-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Supplementation is an integral part of modern dairy-feeding practices which mainly emphasise on higher production. Different supplements have been utilized by the farmers according to the need and action of supplements. Tinospora cordifolia (TC) is one such herbal supplement which can be utilized to feed dairy animals either alone or in combination with other supplements. TC is a herb found in tropical countries and having number of medicinal properties. Beneficial health effects of TC include immunostimulation, protection against inflammation and bacterial action, hepatoprotection, antioxidant and antineoplastic effects. Available studies on TC supplementation in dairy animals have shown a positive effect on health, body parameters and production performance. Supplementing TC is economically feasible, and it can be adopted by farmers as it helps in improving their net income. However, more research is needed in the field of dairy animals to explore the full potential of this herb. This review is written with the objective of highlighting the possibilities of using TC in dairy animal rations and promoting research in the concerned field to fill the gaps in knowledge. Thorough knowledge about TC and its effect in dairy animals can add a new concept to the supplementation process and developments of dairy rations.
Collapse
|
14
|
A Review on Medicinal Plants Having Anticancer Properties of Northeast India and Associated Endophytic Microbes and their Future in Medicinal Science. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.16.3.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human beings are affected by different diseases and suffer to different extents. Cancer is one of the major human disease and millions of people suffered from cancer and end their lives every year. Peoples are dependent on herbal medicines since prehistoric time especially from developing countries. It is very common to have different side effects of modern synthetic medicines; hence now-a-days importance of herbal medicines due to no or least side effects increases all parts of the world. But the major problems of using herbal medicines are that plants can produce very limited amount of medicinally important bioactive metabolites and they have very long growth periods. Therefore endophytes are the excellent alternative of plant derived metabolites. Endophytic microbes can synthesize exactly same type of metabolites as the plant produces. North East India is a treasure of plant resources; various types of medicinal plants are present in this region. Different types of indigenous tribes are inhabited in this region who used different plants in traditional system for treating various disease. But with increasing demand it is sometimes not sufficient to manage the demand of medicines, therefore for massive production endophytic study is crucial. In spite of having huge plant resources very limited endophytic studies are observed in this region. In this review, we studied different plants with their endophytes of NE India showing anticancer properties.
Collapse
|
15
|
Girme A, Saste G, Singh R, Mirgal A, Ingavale R, Balasubramaniam AK, Ghoshal S, Ghule C, Patel S, Verma MK, Maurya R, Hingorani L. Quantitative and rapid quality assessment methods for the multi‐class bioactive constituents of
Tinospora cordifolia
using high‐performance liquid and thin layer chromatography analysis with tandem mass spectrometry characterization. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.202200048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mahendra Kumar Verma
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry CSIR‐Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Jammu India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Arunachalam K, Yang X, San TT. Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers: Protection mechanisms and strategies against oxidative stress-related diseases. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 283:114540. [PMID: 34509604 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers (Menispermaceae) is a Mediterranean herb, used in Ayurvedic, Siddha, Unani, and folk medicines. The herb is also used in conventional medicine to treat oxidative stress-related diseases and conditions, including inflammation, pain, diarrhea, asthma, respiratory infections, cancer, diabetes, and gastrointestinal disorders. AIM OF THE REVIEW The taxonomy, botanical classification, geographical distribution, and ethnobotanical uses of T. cordifolia, as well as the phytochemical compounds found in the herb, the toxicology of and pharmacological and clinical studies on the effects of T. cordifolia are all covered in this study. MATERIALS AND METHODS To gather information on T. cordifolia, we used a variety of scientific databases, including Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct. The information discussed focuses on biologically active compounds found in T. cordifolia, and common applications and pharmacological activity of the herb, as well as toxicological and clinical studies on its properties. RESULTS The findings of this study reveal a connection between the use of T. cordifolia in conventional medicine and its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, antidiabetic, anticancer, immunomodulatory, and other biological effects. The entire plant, stem, leaves, root, and extracts of T. cordifolia have been shown to have a variety of biological activities, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral, antiparasitic, antidiabetic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic, hepatoprotective, and cardioprotective impact. Toxicological testing demonstrated that this plant may have medicinal applications. T. cordifolia contains a variety of biologically active compounds from various chemical classes, including alkaloids, terpenoids, sitosterols, flavonoids, and phenolic acids. Based on the reports researched for this review, we believe that chemicals in T. cordifolia may activate Nrf2, which leads to the overexpression of antioxidant enzymes such as CAT, GPx, GST, and GR, and thereby induces the adaptive response to oxidative stress. T. cordifolia is also able to reduce NF-κB signalling by inhibiting PI3K/Akt, activating AMPK and sirtuins, and downregulating PI3K/Akt. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that the pharmacological properties displayed by T. cordifolia back up its conventional uses. Antimicrobial, antiviral, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, antidiabetic, nephroprotective, gastroprotective, hepatoprotective, and cardioprotective activities were all demonstrated in T. cordifolia stem extracts. To validate pharmacodynamic targets, further research is needed to evaluate the molecular mechanisms of the known compounds against gastrointestinal diseases, inflammatory processes, and microbial infections, as immunostimulants, and in chemotherapy. The T. cordifolia safety profile was confirmed in a toxicological analysis, which prompted pharmacokinetic assessment testing to confirm its bioavailability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karuppusamy Arunachalam
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology and the Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650 201, People's Republic of China; Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, 05282, Myanmar.
| | - Xuefei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology and the Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650 201, People's Republic of China; Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, 05282, Myanmar.
| | - Thae Thae San
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology and the Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650 201, People's Republic of China; Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, 05282, Myanmar
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sharma H, Rao PS, Singh AK. Fifty years of research on Tinospora cordifolia: From botanical plant to functional ingredient in foods. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
18
|
Singh B, Nathawat S, Sharma RA. Ethnopharmacological and phytochemical attributes of Indian Tinospora species: A comprehensive review. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
|
19
|
Patial V, Katoch S, Chhimwal J, Singh PP, Suresh PS, Padwad Y. Tinospora cordifolia activates PPARγ pathway and mitigates glomerular and tubular cell injury in diabetic kidney disease. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 91:153663. [PMID: 34358759 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD) is a common complication of diabetes and a leading cause of end-stage renal disease progression. Therefore, therapeutic strategies are desirable to mitigate the progression of disease into more severe consequences. Hypothesis/Purpose:Tinospora cordifolia is a traditionally known antidiabetic plant; however, its effect against DKD remains unexplored. Therefore, in the present study, we assessed the efficacy and mechanism of action of Tinospora cordifolia extract (TC) against DKD. METHODS The molecular interaction of the various phytoconstituents of TC with PPARγ were analyzed in silico. The effect of TC was studied on the viability, cell cycle, and gene expressions (PPARγ, TGFβ, and αSMA) in high glucose treated NRK-52E and SV40 MES13 cells. Further, streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were treated with TC for eight weeks, and the effects on different biochemical, histological and molecular parameters were studied. RESULTS In silico analysis revealed the integration of various phytoconstituents of TC with PPARγ. It further increased PPARγ and decreased TGFβ and αSMA expressions in NRK-52E and SV40 MES13 cells. In diabetic rats, TC improved the fasting blood glucose, serum urea, and creatinine levels. It also lowered the urine microalbumin and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) levels. Histopathological studies revealed the preventive effect of TC on degenerative changes, mesangial proliferation and glomerular hypertrophy. Further, it reduced the inflammation and fibrotic changes in the kidney tissue estimated by various markers. The kidney tissue and gene expression analysis revealed the augmented levels of PPARγ after TC treatment. CONCLUSION In conclusion, TC exerted the protective effect against DKD by inhibiting inflammation and fibrogenesis through the activation of PPARγ dependent pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Patial
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur-176061, H.P., India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, U.P. -201002, India.
| | - Swati Katoch
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur-176061, H.P., India
| | - Jyoti Chhimwal
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur-176061, H.P., India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, U.P. -201002, India
| | - Prithvi Pal Singh
- Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur-176061, H.P., India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, U.P. -201002, India
| | - Patil Shivprasad Suresh
- Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur-176061, H.P., India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, U.P. -201002, India
| | - Yogendra Padwad
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur-176061, H.P., India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, U.P. -201002, India.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Dinan L, Dioh W, Veillet S, Lafont R. 20-Hydroxyecdysone, from Plant Extracts to Clinical Use: Therapeutic Potential for the Treatment of Neuromuscular, Cardio-Metabolic and Respiratory Diseases. Biomedicines 2021; 9:492. [PMID: 33947076 PMCID: PMC8146789 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing interest in the pharmaceutical and medical applications of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), a polyhydroxylated steroid which naturally occurs in low but very significant amounts in invertebrates, where it has hormonal roles, and in certain plant species, where it is believed to contribute to the deterrence of invertebrate predators. Studies in vivo and in vitro have revealed beneficial effects in mammals: anabolic, hypolipidemic, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, etc. The possible mode of action in mammals has been determined recently, with the main mechanism involving the activation of the Mas1 receptor, a key component of the renin-angiotensin system, which would explain many of the pleiotropic effects observed in the different animal models. Processes have been developed to produce large amounts of pharmaceutical grade 20E, and regulatory preclinical studies have assessed its lack of toxicity. The effects of 20E have been evaluated in early stage clinical trials in healthy volunteers and in patients for the treatment of neuromuscular, cardio-metabolic or respiratory diseases. The prospects and limitations of developing 20E as a drug are discussed, including the requirement for a better evaluation of its safety and pharmacological profile and for developing a production process compliant with pharmaceutical standards.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Dinan
- Biophytis, Sorbonne Université, BC9, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France; (L.D.); (W.D.); (S.V.)
| | - Waly Dioh
- Biophytis, Sorbonne Université, BC9, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France; (L.D.); (W.D.); (S.V.)
| | - Stanislas Veillet
- Biophytis, Sorbonne Université, BC9, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France; (L.D.); (W.D.); (S.V.)
| | - Rene Lafont
- Biophytis, Sorbonne Université, BC9, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France; (L.D.); (W.D.); (S.V.)
- BIOSIPE, IBPS, Sorbonne Université, UPMC, 75005 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Yates CR, Bruno EJ, Yates MED. Tinospora Cordifolia: A review of its immunomodulatory properties. J Diet Suppl 2021; 19:271-285. [PMID: 33480818 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2021.1873214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Emergent health threats have heightened human awareness of the need for health and wellness measures that promote resilience to disease. In addition to proper nutrition and exercise, health-conscious consumers are seeking natural-based modalities, e.g. botanical preparations, that positively impact the immune system. In Ayurvedic ethnomedicine, Tinospora cordifolia (T. cordifolia), a deciduous climbing shrub indigenous to India, has been used to historically to combat acute and chronic inflammation as well as to promote a balanced immune response. As a dietary supplement, T. cordifolia has been administered most often as a decoction either alone or in compositions containing other medicinal plant extracts of the Terminalia and Phyllanthus species. Extensive phytochemical characterization of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of different Tinospora species has identified over two hundred different phytochemicals from non-overlapping chemical classes with the most abundant being diterpenoids containing the clerodane-type skeleton. Numerous pharmacology studies have demonstrated that T. cordifolia modulates key signaling pathways related to cell proliferation, inflammation, and immunomodulation. However, rigorous dereplication studies to identify active constituents in various T. cordifolia extracts and their fractions are lacking. In this review, we will summarize the current information regarding T. cordifolia's ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, and safety in order to highlight its potential as an immunomodulatory dietary supplement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles R Yates
- Center for Nutraceutical and Dietary Supplement Research, School of Health Studies, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Eugene J Bruno
- Administration Department, Huntington University of Health Sciences, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Mary E D Yates
- Pharmacy Department, Methodist Germantown Hospital, Germantown, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Fedoros EI, Baldueva IA, Perminova IV, Badun GA, Chernysheva MG, Grozdova ID, Melik-Nubarov NS, Danilova AB, Nekhaeva TL, Kuznetsova AI, Emelyanova NV, Ryakhovskiy AA, Pigarev SE, Semenov AL, Tyndyk ML, Gubareva EA, Panchenko AV, Bykov VN, Anisimov VN. Exploring bioactivity potential of polyphenolic water-soluble lignin derivative. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 191:110049. [PMID: 32926891 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Many natural substances exhibit anti-inflammatory activity and considerable potential in prophylaxis and treatment of allergies. Knowing exact molecular targets, which is required for developing these as medicinal products, is often challenging for multicomponent compositions. In the present study we examined novel polyphenolic substance, a water-soluble fraction of wood lignin (laboratory code BP-Cx-1). In our previous study, a number of polyphenolic components of BP-Cx-1 (flavonoids, sapogenins, phenanthrenes etc.) were identified as the major carriers of biological activity of BP-Cx drug family, and several molecular targets involved in cancer and/or inflammation signaling pathways were proposed based on the results of the in vitro and in silico screening studies. In the present study, half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of BP-Cx-1 was established with a radioligand method and a range of IC50 values between 22.8 and 40.3 μg/ml were obtained for adenosine receptors A1, A2A and prostaglandin receptors EP2, IP (PGI2). IC50 for serotonin 5-HT1 and for glucocorticoid GR receptors were 3.0 μg/ml and 12.6 μg/ml, respectively, both being within the range of BP-Cx-1 concentrations achievable in in vivo models. Further, distribution of [3H] labelled BP-Cx-1 in NIH3T3 murine fibroblasts and MCF7/R carcinoma cells was studied with autoradiography. [3H]-BP-Cx-1 (visualized as silver grains produced by tritium beta particles) was mainly localized along the cell membrane, in the perinuclear region and in the nucleus, suggesting ability of BP-Cx-1 to enter cells and bind to membrane or cytosol receptors. In our experiment, we observed the effect of BP-Cx-1 on maturation of dendritic cells (DCs): downregulation of expression of the lipid-presentation molecule CD1a, co-stimulatory molecules CD80, CD83 and CD 40, decreased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and TNF-α and increased production of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. It is hypothesized that [3H]-BP-Cx-1 detectable in the nucleus is part of the activated GR complex, known to be involved in regulation of transcription of genes responsible for the anti-inflammatory response. Based on IC50, cell distribution data and results of the experiment with DCs it is suggested that the in vivo effects of BP-Cx-1 are mediated via GR and 5-HT1 receptors thus promoting development of tolerogenic effector function in dendritic cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E I Fedoros
- N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Saint Petersburg, Russia; Nobel LTD, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
| | - I A Baldueva
- N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - G A Badun
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - I D Grozdova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - A B Danilova
- N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - T L Nekhaeva
- N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - A I Kuznetsova
- N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - N V Emelyanova
- N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - S E Pigarev
- Nobel LTD, Saint-Petersburg, Russia; Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - A L Semenov
- N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - M L Tyndyk
- N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - E A Gubareva
- N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - A V Panchenko
- N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Saint Petersburg, Russia; FSBSI "Research Institute of Medical Primatology", Sochi, Russian Federation
| | - V N Bykov
- N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - V N Anisimov
- N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Magnoflorine-Isolation and the Anticancer Potential against NCI-H1299 Lung, MDA-MB-468 Breast, T98G Glioma, and TE671 Rhabdomyosarcoma Cancer Cells. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10111532. [PMID: 33182753 PMCID: PMC7696229 DOI: 10.3390/biom10111532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnoflorine (MGN) is a quaternary aporphine alkaloid that exhibits numerous therapeutic properties, including neuropsychopharmacological, anti-anxiety, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, or antifungal activities. The aim of the present study was an investigation of the influence of MGN on viability, proliferation, induction of apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest in NCI-H1299 lung, MDA-MB-468 breast, T98G glioma, and TE671 rhabdomyosarcoma cancer cells. MGN was isolated from the roots of Berberis cretica L. by counter-current partition chromatography (CPC). Cell viability and proliferation assessments were performed by means of MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) and 5-bromo-2ʹ-deoxyuridine (BrDU) assays, respectively. The induction of apoptosis and cell cycle progression was measured using fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis. MGN in high doses inhibits proliferation, induces apoptosis, and inhibits cell cycle in S/G2 phases in a dose-dependent manner. MGN seems to be a promising anti-cancer compound in therapy of some types of lung, breast, glioma, and rhabdomyosarcoma cancers, for which current standard therapies are limited or have severe strong side effects.
Collapse
|
24
|
Kumar P, Kamle M, Mahato DK, Bora H, Sharma B, Rasane P, Bajpai VK. <i>Tinospora cordifolia</i> (Giloy): Phytochemistry, Ethnopharmacology, Clinical Application and Conservation Strategies. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2020; 21:1165-1175. [PMID: 32351180 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666200430114547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tinospora cordifolia (Giloy) is a medicinal plant used in folk and Ayurvedic medicines throughout India since ancient times. All the parts of the plant are immensely useful due to the presence of different compounds of pharmaceutical importance belonging to various groups as alkaloids, diterpenoid lactones, glycosides, steroids, sesquiterpenoid, and phenolics. These compounds possess pharmacological properties, which make it anti-diabetic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, hepato-protective, and immuno-modulatory. However, due to the increasing population, there is an inadequate supply of drugs. Therefore, this review focuses on phytochemistry, ethnopharmacology, clinical application and its conservation strategies so that the plant can be conserved for future generations and utilized as alternative medicine as well as to design various pharmacologically important drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Kumar
- Applied Microbiology Lab., Department of Forestry, North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology, Nirjuli- 791109, Arunachal Pradesh, India
| | - Madhu Kamle
- Applied Microbiology Lab., Department of Forestry, North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology, Nirjuli- 791109, Arunachal Pradesh, India
| | - Dipendra K Mahato
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood VIC 3125, Australia
| | - Himashree Bora
- Applied Microbiology Lab., Department of Forestry, North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology, Nirjuli- 791109, Arunachal Pradesh, India
| | - Bharti Sharma
- Centre of Food Science and Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi- 221005, India
| | - Prasad Rasane
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
| | - Vivek K Bajpai
- Department of Energy and Material Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Optimization and characterization of functional cookies with addition of Tinospora cordifolia as a source of bioactive phenolic antioxidants. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
26
|
Okon E, Luszczki JJ, Kukula-Koch W, Halasa M, Jarzab A, Khurelbat D, Stepulak A, Wawruszak A. Synergistic or Additive Pharmacological Interactions between Magnoflorine and Cisplatin in Human Cancer Cells of Different Histological Origin. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082848. [PMID: 32325867 PMCID: PMC7215826 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnoflorine is an aporphine alkaloid present in plant species belonging to the Berberidaceae, Magnoliaceae, Menispermaceae, or Papaveraceae botanical families. The interest of magnoflorine has increased recently due to its multiplicity of pharmacological properties. The aim of this study was the analysis of combined anti-proliferative effect of magnoflorine and cisplatin and the assessment of drug–drug pharmacological interaction between these agents using isobolographic method in MDA-MB-468 human breast, NCIH1299 lung, TE671 rhabdomyosarcoma, or T98G glioblastoma cancer cell lines. Magnoflorine in combination with cisplatin at a fixed ratio of 1:1 augmented their anticancer action and yielded synergistic or additive pharmacological interactions by means of isobolographic method, therefore combined therapy using these two active agents can be a promising chemotherapy regimen in the treatment of some types of breast, lung, rhabdomyosarcoma, and glioblastoma cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Estera Okon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1 St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (E.O.); (M.H.); (A.J.); (A.S.)
| | - Jarogniew J. Luszczki
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b St., 20-081 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Wirginia Kukula-Koch
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1 St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Marta Halasa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1 St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (E.O.); (M.H.); (A.J.); (A.S.)
| | - Agata Jarzab
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1 St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (E.O.); (M.H.); (A.J.); (A.S.)
| | - Daariimaa Khurelbat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Zorig St., Ulaanbaatar 14210, Mongolia;
| | - Andrzej Stepulak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1 St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (E.O.); (M.H.); (A.J.); (A.S.)
| | - Anna Wawruszak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1 St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (E.O.); (M.H.); (A.J.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-81-448-63-50
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Palmieri A, Scapoli L, Iapichino A, Mercolini L, Mandrone M, Poli F, Giannì AB, Baserga C, Martinelli M. Berberine and Tinospora cordifolia exert a potential anticancer effect on colon cancer cells by acting on specific pathways. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2020; 33:2058738419855567. [PMID: 31663444 PMCID: PMC6822188 DOI: 10.1177/2058738419855567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Berberine (BBR) is a natural active principle with potential antitumor activity. The compound targets multiple cell signaling pathways, including proliferation, differentiation, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition. The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanisms behind the anticancer activity of BBR by comparing the effects of purified BBR with those of the extract of Tinospora cordifolia, a medicinal plant that produces this metabolite. The expression levels of a panel of 44 selected genes in human colon adenocarcinoma (HCA-7) cell line were quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). BBR treatment resulted in a time- and dose-dependent down regulation of 33 genes differently involved in cell cycle, differentiation, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition. The trend was confirmed across the two types of treatment, the two time points, and the different absolute dosage of BBR. These findings suggest that the presence of BBR in T. cordifolia extract significantly contributes to its antiproliferative activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Palmieri
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Scapoli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Anastasia Iapichino
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Mercolini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Manuela Mandrone
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ferruccio Poli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Aldo Bruno Giannì
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Maxillofacial and Dental Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Camilla Baserga
- Maxillofacial and Dental Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Marcella Martinelli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Okon E, Kukula-Koch W, Jarzab A, Halasa M, Stepulak A, Wawruszak A. Advances in Chemistry and Bioactivity of Magnoflorine and Magnoflorine-Containing Extracts. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041330. [PMID: 32079131 PMCID: PMC7072879 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The review collects together some recent information on the identity and pharmacological properties of magnoflorine, a quaternary aporphine alkaloid, that is widely distributed within the representatives of several botanical families like Berberidaceae, Magnoliaceae, Papaveraceae, or Menispermaceae. Several findings published in the scientific publications mention its application in the treatment of a wide spectrum of diseases including inflammatory ones, allergies, hypertension, osteoporosis, bacterial, viral and fungal infections, and some civilization diseases like cancer, obesity, diabetes, dementia, or depression. The pharmacokinetics and perspectives on its introduction to therapeutic strategies will also be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Estera Okon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1 St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (E.O.); (A.J.); (M.H.); (A.S.)
| | - Wirginia Kukula-Koch
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1 St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: (W.K.-K.); (A.W.); Tel.: +48-81448-6350 (W.K.-K.); +48-81448-7087 (A.W.)
| | - Agata Jarzab
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1 St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (E.O.); (A.J.); (M.H.); (A.S.)
| | - Marta Halasa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1 St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (E.O.); (A.J.); (M.H.); (A.S.)
| | - Andrzej Stepulak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1 St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (E.O.); (A.J.); (M.H.); (A.S.)
| | - Anna Wawruszak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1 St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (E.O.); (A.J.); (M.H.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence: (W.K.-K.); (A.W.); Tel.: +48-81448-6350 (W.K.-K.); +48-81448-7087 (A.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Anti-brain cancer activity of chloroform and hexane extracts of Tinospora cordifolia Miers: an in vitro perspective. Ann Neurosci 2020; 26:10-20. [PMID: 31975767 PMCID: PMC6894632 DOI: 10.5214/ans.0972.7531.260104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Plants have been suggested as safest source of therapeutic agents, with multi targeted mode of action and least side effects. Tinospora cordifolia, commonly known as Guduchi in India, is one of the most highly valued herbs in Ayurvedic medicine. It possesses potential anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, anti-diabetic, immune-stimulatory and various other beneficial activities. Purpose The present study was aimed to investigate the differentiation inducing potential of chloroform and hexane extracts of T. cordifolia using U87MG glioblastoma and IMR-32 neuroblastoma cell lines as model system. Results Chloroform (Chl-TCE) and hexane (Hex-TCE) extracts significantly reduced the rate of proliferation and induced cell differentiation as evidenced by MTT assay and immunostaining for GFAP and MAP-2 in glioblastoma and neuroblastoma, respectively. Further these extracts increased the expression of stress markers HSP70 and Mortalin and induced senescence. Chloroform and hexane extracts also inhibited the migration of U87MG glioblastoma and IMR-32 neuroblastoma as indicated by wound scratch assay and supported by reduced expression of NCAM. Furthermore these extracts are not toxic to normal cells as they showed no inhibitory effects on primary astrocytic and neuronal cultures. Conclusions The present study suggests that chloroform and hexane extracts of T. cordifolia retard the rate of proliferation, induce differentiation and inhibit migration of human glioblastomas and neuroblastomas, thus may act as potential phytotherapeutic intervention in treatment of neural cancers.
Collapse
|
30
|
Shukla U, Srivastava S, Gupta P, Ujjaliya N. A retrospective analysis of the effect of the intervention of Arogya Kashayam in COVID-19 positive cases in Madhya Pradesh. Ayu 2019; 40:209-215. [PMID: 33935437 PMCID: PMC8078609 DOI: 10.4103/ayu.ayu_365_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a newly identified strain of corona virus that causes illness ranging from the clinical features similar to the common cold to a fatal condition due to severe respiratory failure. According to the WHO, there have been more than 26.3 million confirmed COVID-19 cases in more than 190 countries to date. In light of the outbreak, various treatment modalities have been considered, including traditional medicine, which has been widely used in the pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and H1N1 influenza. Ayurveda contributes a measurable ratio in the world’s traditional practices. As per the guideline of directorate of AYUSH, Government of Madhya Pradesh, cases of COVID-19 were intervened with ArogyaKashayam (AK-20), a decoction prepared from the herbs at 88 COVID Care Centers (CCC) across the state. Aim: To evaluate retrospectively, the effect of the intervention of AK-20 in COVID-19 positive cases as stand alone or in combination with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) administered at CCC in Madhya Pradesh. Materials and Methods: It is a retrospective study with 4432 COVID-19 reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) tested positive cases including 2750 males and 1682 females between 5 and 80 years of age. All the cases were intervened with AK-20 as stand alone or in combination with HCQ. Moreover, these patients were also given Zinc and Vitamin C simultaneously. The intervention of AK-20 was made through the district level government AYUSH machinery, and the related data were collected in specially designed case report form. The data were analyzed retrospectively, and outcomes included the RTPCR testing or asymptomatic discharge from the CCC as per the prevailing ICMR guidelines. Results: The present study reveals that out of 4432 COVID-19 RTPCR-positive cases, 2817 (63.56%) received HCQ with AK-20 and 1615 cases (36.43%) received AK-20 as a stand alone treatment. Among the cases that received HCQ and AK-20, 2681 cases (94.17%) recovered completely in an average of 6.8 days and among those who were on standalone AK-20, 1502 cases (93.00%) recovered completely in the same average days. The Chi-square test showed that both the groups were equally effective (P < 0.01; F = 0.3764). Conclusion: The retrospective analysis showed that the treatment practices of AK-20 standalone or in combination with HCQ applied in COVID-19 positive cases at CCC in Madhya Pradesh were effective against SARS coronavirus 2 disease. A significant number of cases was tested negative or asymptomatically discharged from both the groups of interventions. Moreover, AK-20 alone has shown statistically equal results to that when used in combination with HCQ therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Umesh Shukla
- Principal and Head, Department of kaya Panchakarma, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | | | - Pankaj Gupta
- Department of Rachana Sharira, Pt. Khushilal Sharma Government Ayurveda College and Institute, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Nitin Ujjaliya
- Department of Dravyaguna, Pt. Khushilal Sharma Government Ayurveda College and Institute, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Palmatine: A review of its pharmacology, toxicity and pharmacokinetics. Biochimie 2019; 162:176-184. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
32
|
Enzymatic biosynthesis of benzylisoquinoline alkaloid glycosides via promiscuous glycosyltransferases from Carthamus tinctorius. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
33
|
Aranha I, Venkatesh YP. Humoral immune and adjuvant responses of mucosally-administered Tinospora cordifolia immunomodulatory protein in BALB/c mice. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2018; 11:140-146. [PMID: 30455069 PMCID: PMC7329723 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In traditional medicine, guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia) is considered as an adaptogen with immunomodulatory prowess. A 25 kDa protein from guduchi stem has been characterized as an immunomodulatory protein (ImP). Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the intrinsic immunogenicity of guduchi ImP and adjuvant activity using ovalbumin (OVA) as antigen in BALB/c mice. Materials and Methods Mice were given guduchi ImP (30 and 60 μg) by intranasal administration to respective groups (n = 6) on days 1, 14 and thereafter weekly till day 42. Immunogenic response was monitored by serum IgG/IgA levels (days 14, 35 and 50). The adjuvant activity was measured by serum anti-OVA IgG/IgA responses to administration of 30 μg OVA with guduchi ImP. The effect of guduchi ImP on the spleen status was examined by splenic weight (day 50). Results Guduchi ImP administration displayed a significant increase in anti-guduchi ImP IgG (5–7 fold) and anti-guduchi ImP IgA (3–4 fold) on day 50 vs. control. Guduchi ImP showed a significant increase in anti-OVA IgG (6–7 fold) and anti-OVA IgA (4–5 fold) on day 50 vs. control. The splenic index of guduchi ImP group increased significantly in both the immune and adjuvant response groups; however, the splenic index in the adjuvant response group was markedly higher. Conclusion The results indicate that guduchi ImP is a strong immunogen by itself and enhances the immunogenicity of mucosally-administered antigen in BALB/c mice. Based on the results of this animal study, it appears that guduchi ImP shows a potential for future studies in humans. Evaluated the immune responses of guduchi immunomodulatory protein (ImP) in BALB/c mice. Guduchi ImP (30/60 μg) given intranasally on days 1, 14; thereafter, weekly till day 42. Increase in anti-guduchi ImP IgG (5–7 fold) and anti-guduchi ImP IgA (3–4 fold) on day 50. Increase in ovalbumin-specific IgG (6–7 fold) and IgA (4–5 fold) on day 50 vs. control. Splenic index of guduchi ImP group increased in the immune/adjuvant response groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Aranha
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Yeldur P Venkatesh
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysuru, Karnataka, India.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Baskaran R, Priya LB, Sathish Kumar V, Padma VV. Tinospora cordifolia extract prevents cadmium-induced oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity in experimental rats. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2018; 9:252-257. [PMID: 30316725 PMCID: PMC6314239 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cadmium (Cd) pollution is of serious concern due to its toxic effects in both humans and animals. The study investigates the protective effect of Tinospora cordifolia stem methanolic extract (TCME) on Cd induced hepatotoxicity. Objective(s) The objective of the study was to explore the hepatoprotective effects of T. cordifolia extract. Materials and methods Rats were administered orally with Cd (5 mg/kg) and TCME (100 mg/kg) for 28 days. At the end of the treatment period, serum and liver tissues homogenates were subjected to biochemical analysis. Results Cd treated rats showed increased activities of the serum marker enzymes of liver damage such as AST and ALT along with increased levels of LPO and protein carbonyl content in liver tissues. Cd treatment also leads to decreased activities of endogenous antioxidants (SOD, CAT, GSH, GPx and GST), membrane ATPases (Na+K+ATPase, Ca2+ATPase and Mg2+K+ATPase) and the tissue glycoprotein levels (hexose, fucose, hexosamine and sialic acid). Histological analysis revealed vacuolar degeneration of hepatocytes with focal necrosis upon Cd administration. TCME co-treatment restored the biochemical and histological alterations caused by Cd intoxication to near normal levels. Conclusion The results of the present investigation reveal the hepatoprotective nature of T.cordifolia against Cd induced hepatotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rathinasamy Baskaran
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan
| | - Lohanathan Bharathi Priya
- Translational Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V Sathish Kumar
- Translational Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Viswanadha Vijaya Padma
- Translational Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Sharma A, Kaur G. Tinospora cordifolia as a potential neuroregenerative candidate against glutamate induced excitotoxicity: an in vitro perspective. Altern Ther Health Med 2018; 18:268. [PMID: 30285727 PMCID: PMC6167833 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2330-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glutamate, the major excitatory neurotransmitter of CNS acts as a neurotoxin at higher concentrations. Prolonged activation of glutamate receptors results in progressive neuronal damage by aggravating calcium influx, inducing mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress. Excitotoxic cell death is associated with the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative disorders such as trauma, brain injury and neurodegenerative diseases. The current study was designed to investigate the neuroprotective and neuroregenerative potential of Tinospora cordifolia against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity using primary cerebellar neuronal cultures as a model system. METHODS Monosodium salt of glutamate was used to induce neurotoxic injury in primary cerebellar neurons. Four extracts including Hexane extract, Chloroform extract, Ethyl acetate, and Butanol extract were obtained from fractionation of previously reported aqueous ethanolic extract of T. cordifolia and tested for neuroprotective activity. Out of the four fractions, Butanol extract of T. cordifolia (B-TCE) exhibited neuroprotective potential by preventing degeneration of neurons induced by glutamate. Expression of different neuronal, apoptotic, inflammatory, cell cycle regulatory and plasticity markers was studied by immunostaining and Western blotting. Neurite outgrowth and migration were also studied using primary explant cultures, wound scratch and gelatin zymogram assay. RESULTS At molecular level, B-TCE pretreatment of glutamate-treated cultures normalized the stress-induced downregulation in the expression of neuronal markers (MAP-2, GAP-43, NF200) and anti-apoptotic marker (Bcl-xL). Further, cells exposed to glutamate showed enhanced expression of inflammatory (NF-κB, AP-1) and senescence markers (HSP70, Mortalin) as well as the extent of mitochondrial damage. However, B-TCE pretreatment prevented this increase and inhibited glutamate-induced onset of inflammation, stress and mitochondrial membrane damage. Furthermore, B-TCE was observed to promote regeneration, migration and plasticity of cerebellar neurons, which was otherwise significantly inhibited by glutamate treatment. CONCLUSION These results suggest that B-TCE may have neuroprotective and neuroregenerative potential against catastrophic consequences of glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity and could be a potential therapeutic candidate for neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
|
36
|
Kumar V, Singh S, Singh A, Dixit AK, Srivastava B, Sidhu GK, Singh R, Meena AK, Singh RP, Subhose V, Prakash O. Phytochemical, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Protein Binding Qualities of Hydro-ethanolic Extract of Tinospora cordifolia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/22311866.2018.1485513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Regional Ayurveda Research Institute for Drug Development, Gwalior 474009, M.P., India
| | - Simranjeet Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar 144111, Punjab, India
| | - Arjun Singh
- Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, New Delhi 110058, India
| | - Amit Kumar Dixit
- Regional Ayurveda Research Institute for Drug Development, Gwalior 474009, M.P., India
| | - Bhavana Srivastava
- Regional Ayurveda Research Institute for Drug Development, Gwalior 474009, M.P., India
| | - Gurpreet Kaur Sidhu
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar 144111, Punjab, India
| | - Ravindra Singh
- Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, New Delhi 110058, India
| | | | - Rajesh Pratap Singh
- Regional Ayurveda Research Institute for Drug Development, Gwalior 474009, M.P., India
| | - Varanasi Subhose
- Regional Ayurveda Research Institute for Drug Development, Gwalior 474009, M.P., India
| | - Om Prakash
- Regional Ayurveda Research Institute for Drug Development, Gwalior 474009, M.P., India
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Basalingappa KM. Tinospora cordifolia: The Antimicrobial Property of the Leaves of Amruthaballi. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.15406/jbmoa.2017.05.00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
38
|
Panigrahi J, Gantait S, Patel IC. Concurrent production and relative quantification of vasicinone from in vivo and in vitro plant parts of Malabar nut ( Adhatoda vasica Nees). 3 Biotech 2017; 7:280. [PMID: 28828287 PMCID: PMC5559387 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0882-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study documents a simultaneous production and comparative assessment of extracted vasicinone from in vivo (leaves and stems) and in vitro (leaves, stems and calli) plant parts of Adhatoda vasica Nees, a well-known medicinal plant. High-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis of the above-mentioned plant parts, collected at their 60-day-old growth stage, was performed via methanolic extraction and with the aid of toluene:butanol:butyl acetate (9:0.5:0.5; v/v/v) solvent system. The method was validated with the help of aluminium sheet precoated with silica gel 60 F254 TLC plates, following the ICH guidelines in order to maintain accuracy, precision and repeatability. Correlation coefficient, limit of detection and limit of quantification values were found to be reasonable. The outcome revealed a linearity that ranged between 2 and 6 µg/spot. During the comparison of estimated vasicinone quantity from in vivo and in vitro plant parts, it was evident that in vitro samples produced relatively higher vasicinone than that of the in vivo counterparts. Maximum vasicinone (6.402 ± 0.010% of dry weight) production was quantified from in vitro leaves followed by calli (5.222 ± 0.092% of dry weight) and in vitro stems (2.007 ± 0.041% of dry weight). On the other hand, in vivo leaves and stems produced comparatively lower quantities of vasicinone (2.412 ± 0.139 and 1.933 ± 0.046% of dry weight, respectively) suggesting the in vitro clonal propagation as a superior approach in comparison to in vivo propagation. Nonetheless, simultaneous production from both the sources (in vivo and in vitro plant parts) provides a new avenue for augmented production of vasicinone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jitendriya Panigrahi
- Department of Biotechnology, Shri A. N. Patel P. G. Institute, Anand, Gujarat 388001 India
| | - Saikat Gantait
- All India Coordinated Research Project on Groundnut, Directorate of Research, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal 741235 India
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal 741252 India
| | - Illa C. Patel
- Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan, Gujarat 384265 India
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Singh B, Sharma P, Kumar A, Chadha P, Kaur R, Kaur A. Antioxidant and in vivo genoprotective effects of phenolic compounds identified from an endophytic Cladosporium velox and their relationship with its host plant Tinospora cordifolia. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 194:450-456. [PMID: 27721051 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tinospora cordifolia (Willd. Hook. f. & Thomson; family: Menispermaceae), has a long history of use in various traditional medicinal systems including "Ayurveda". It is reported to possess anticancer, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antispasmodic, and antiinflammatory activities. T. cordifolia has also been well documented for production of various bioactive metabolites and their antioxidant activity, but the microorganisms associated with it have been least explored for the same properties. AIM OF THE STUDY Aim of the present study was to evaluate antioxidant and in vivo genoprotective potential of phenolic compounds produced by an endophytic fungus Cladosporium velox TN-9S isolated from T. cordifolia. MATERIALS AND METHODS The isolate of C. velox TN-9S was cultivated in malt extract medium and extracted with ethyl acetate. Total phenol content was determined by Folin Ciocalteu reagent. The antioxidant activity was measured in terms of DPPH and FRAP assay. The in vivo genoprotective activity was assessed using fish Channa punctatus as model. Identification of phenolic compounds was carried out using RP-HPLC. The fungal extract was evaluated for biosafety using Salmonella typhimurium His- strain and CHO cell lines for mutagenicity and cytotoxicity, respectively. RESULTS The total phenolic content in the ethyl acetate extract of the fungus was determined to be 730μg gallic acid equivalent/mL. The extract evinced significant antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 22.5µg/mL in DPPH scavenging assay. The phenolic extract showed good in vivo genoprotective activity against the genetic damage induced in fish C. punctatus after treatment with a non-ionic surfactant 4-nonylphenol. RP-HPLC analysis revealed the presence of peaks corresponding to various phenolic compounds in the extract. Mutagenicity and cytotoxicity results revealed the extract to be nonmutagenic and non cytotoxic in nature. CONCLUSION The results indicate the potential of an endophytic C. velox isolated from T. cordifolia as a producer of phenolic compounds with antioxidant and genoprotective activities which could be exploited in pharmaceutical industry. The ability of endophytes to produce similar compounds as the host, is also revealed in the present study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bahaderjeet Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India.
| | - Prince Sharma
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India.
| | - Arun Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India.
| | - Pooja Chadha
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India.
| | - Ramandeep Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India.
| | - Amarjeet Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Purification and characterization of RGA2, a Rho2 GTPase-activating protein from Tinospora cordifolia. 3 Biotech 2016; 6:85. [PMID: 28330155 PMCID: PMC4773375 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-016-0400-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Rho GTPases activating protein 2 (RGA2) is primarily involved in the modulation of numerous morphological events in eukaryotes. It protects plants by triggering the defense system which restricts the pathogen growth. This is the first report on the isolation, purification and characterization of RGA2 from the stems of Tinospora cordifolia, a medicinal plant. The RGA2 was purified using simple two-step process using DEAE-Hi-Trap FF and Superdex 200 chromatography columns, with a high yield. The purity of RGA2 was confirmed by SDS-PAGE and identified by MALDI-TOF/MS. The purified protein was further characterized for its secondary structural elements using the far-UV circular dichroism measurements. Our purification procedure is simple two-step process with high yield which can be further used to produce RGA2 for structural and functional studies.
Collapse
|