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Almeida-Bezerra JW, Bezerra JJL, da Silva VB, Coutinho HDM, da Costa JGM, Cruz-Martins N, Hano C, de Menezes SA, Morais-Braga MFB, de Oliveira AFM. Caryocar coriaceum Wittm. (Caryocaraceae): Botany, Ethnomedicinal Uses, Biological Activities, Phytochemistry, Extractivism and Conservation Needs. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11131685. [PMID: 35807637 PMCID: PMC9269441 DOI: 10.3390/plants11131685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Caryocar coriaceum is an endemic tree of Brazil, occurring mainly in the northeast region in the Cerrado environment. The species, popularly known as “pequi”, produces fruits that are used in the manufacture of oil for food and medicinal purposes. This work reviewed studies conducted with the species, highlighting its ethnomedicinal use, its pharmacological potential, including its chemical constituents, and its cultural and socioeconomic importance. Information was obtained through the main scientific research platforms. The keyword “Caryocar coriaceum” was used as the main index for searching the following platforms: PubMed®, PubMed Central®, SciElo, Scopus® and Web of ScienceTM. The compiled papers demonstrate that C. coriaceum has great medicinal, economic and cultural importance for northeastern Brazil. Popularly, the fruits of C. coriaceum are used to treat broncho-pulmonary diseases (bronchitis, colds and flu). The fixed oil is widely used to relieve pain from various causes in the treatment of inflammation, flu, eczema, burns, fever, rickets, indigestion, heart murmurs, fatigue and erectile dysfunction. Some of these uses are corroborated by pharmacological trials, which have demonstrated the antioxidant, healing, anti-inflammatory, gastroprotective, antinociceptive and antimicrobial properties of the species. Chemically, fatty acids and phenolic compounds are the main constituents recorded for the species. Due to its medicinal properties, the fruits and oil of C. coriaceum have a high commercial demand and are one of the main forms of subsistence activities for local populations. On the other hand, the extractive practice of the fruits, associated with anthropic factors and its physiological nature, makes the species threatened with extinction. Thus, public management policies are highly necessary in order to avoid its extinction.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Weverton Almeida-Bezerra
- Department of Botany, Federal University of Pernambuco–UFPE, Recife 50670-901, Brazil; (J.W.A.-B.); (J.J.L.B.); (V.B.d.S.); (A.F.M.d.O.)
| | - José Jailson Lima Bezerra
- Department of Botany, Federal University of Pernambuco–UFPE, Recife 50670-901, Brazil; (J.W.A.-B.); (J.J.L.B.); (V.B.d.S.); (A.F.M.d.O.)
| | - Viviane Bezerra da Silva
- Department of Botany, Federal University of Pernambuco–UFPE, Recife 50670-901, Brazil; (J.W.A.-B.); (J.J.L.B.); (V.B.d.S.); (A.F.M.d.O.)
| | - Henrique Douglas Melo Coutinho
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri–URCA, Crato 63105-000, Brazil; (J.G.M.d.C.); (M.F.B.M.-B.)
- Correspondence: (H.D.M.C.); (N.C.-M.)
| | - José Galberto Martins da Costa
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri–URCA, Crato 63105-000, Brazil; (J.G.M.d.C.); (M.F.B.M.-B.)
| | - Natália Cruz-Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (CESPU), Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra PRD, Portugal
- TOXRUN—Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU, CRL, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
- Correspondence: (H.D.M.C.); (N.C.-M.)
| | - Christophe Hano
- Department of Biochemistry, Eure et Loir Campus, University of Orleans, 28000 Chartres, France;
| | - Saulo Almeida de Menezes
- Biotechnology Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul–UFRGS, Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil;
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de Faro Silva R, Barreto AS, Trindade GDGG, Lima CM, Araújo AADS, Menezes IRA, Candido EAF, Santana ÉTN, Silva-Júnior WM, Quintans JSS, Coutinho HDM, Kim B, Quintans-Júnior LJ. Enhancement of the functionality of women with knee osteoarthritis by a gel formulation with Caryocar coriaceum Wittm ("Pequi") nanoencapsulated pulp fixed oil. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:112938. [PMID: 35413602 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease that occurs when there is a change in the mechanical and biological properties of the articular cartilage and the subchondral bone; The condition is more prevalent in women than in men. Pequi oil (PO), which is extracted from the fruits of the pequi tree (Caryocar coriaceum Wittm), is widely used in traditional medicine in the Brazilian northeast for the management of inflammation and joint pain. The aim of this study was to develop a pharmaceutical formulation containing Carbopol® hydrogel nanoencapsulated with pequi pulp fixed oil (PeONC) and evaluate its therapeutic effect on functionality and pain in women with knee osteoarthritis. The study was divided into two stages: Stage 1 - preparation and physico-chemical characterization of the pharmaceutical formulation containing PeONC, cell viability assays and skin irritability testing. Step 2 - A double-blind randomized clinical trial evaluating knee symptoms, quality of life, pressure pain, function, muscle strength and range of motion. The nanoformulation was in a gel form, with a particle size of 209.5 ± 1.06 nm, a pH of 6.23 ± 0.45, a zeta potential of - 23.1 ± 0.4 mV, a polydispersity index of 0.137 ± 0.52, and containing nanocapsules with a spherical shape a polymeric wall and an oily nucleus. The gel showed no cytotoxicity and was not irritating to human skin. The treatment with PeONC increased the strength of the knee flexor and extensor muscles and the total motion range of the knee. In addition, the treatment reduced knee instability, pain, swelling, and locking; There was also an improvement in some items of the SF-36 quality of life questionnaire such as in respect of functional capacity and social aspects. In conclusion, PeONC was found to be a stable, safe formulation with no toxicity in respect of topical use in humans. Additionally, the treatment produced an increase in muscle strength and functionality that was associated with reduced knee symptoms and improved quality of life. Our findings showed that in a group of women treated with PeONC mitigated the symptoms of knee osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo de Faro Silva
- Postgraduate in Health Sciences (PPGCS). Laboratory of Neuroscience and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF) and Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Assays and Toxicity (LEFT), Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), 49.100-000 São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil.
| | - André Sales Barreto
- Postgraduate in Health Sciences (PPGCS). Laboratory of Neuroscience and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF) and Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Assays and Toxicity (LEFT), Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), 49.100-000 São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil.
| | - Gabriela das Graças Gomes Trindade
- Postgraduate in Health Sciences (PPGCS). Laboratory of Neuroscience and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF) and Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Assays and Toxicity (LEFT), Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), 49.100-000 São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil.
| | - Cláudio Moreira Lima
- Postgraduate in Health Sciences (PPGCS). Laboratory of Neuroscience and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF) and Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Assays and Toxicity (LEFT), Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), 49.100-000 São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil.
| | - Adriano Antunes de Souza Araújo
- Postgraduate in Health Sciences (PPGCS). Laboratory of Neuroscience and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF) and Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Assays and Toxicity (LEFT), Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), 49.100-000 São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil.
| | - Irwin Rose Alencar Menezes
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Postgraduate Program in Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri (URCA), 63.105000 Crato, CE, Brazil.
| | | | - Érika Thatyana Nascimento Santana
- Postgraduate in Health Sciences (PPGCS). Laboratory of Neuroscience and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF) and Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Assays and Toxicity (LEFT), Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), 49.100-000 São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil.
| | - Walderi Monteiro Silva-Júnior
- Postgraduate in Health Sciences (PPGCS). Laboratory of Neuroscience and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF) and Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Assays and Toxicity (LEFT), Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), 49.100-000 São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil.
| | - Jullyana Souza Siqueira Quintans
- Postgraduate in Health Sciences (PPGCS). Laboratory of Neuroscience and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF) and Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Assays and Toxicity (LEFT), Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), 49.100-000 São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil.
| | - Henrique Douglas Melo Coutinho
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Postgraduate Program in Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri (URCA), 63.105000 Crato, CE, Brazil.
| | - Bonglee Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, South Korea.
| | - Lucindo José Quintans-Júnior
- Postgraduate in Health Sciences (PPGCS). Laboratory of Neuroscience and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF) and Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Assays and Toxicity (LEFT), Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), 49.100-000 São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil.
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Conegundes JLM, Silva JMD, Mendes RDF, Fernandes MF, Pinto NDCC, Almeida MAD, Dib PRB, Andrade RDO, Rodrigues MN, Castañon MCMN, Macedo GC, Scio E. Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activity of Siparuna guianensis Aublet, an amazonian plant traditionally used by indigenous communities. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 265:113344. [PMID: 32890711 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Siparuna guianensis Aublet leaves, known as negramina, are used by indigenous and local communities in Brazil and other countries in the Americas to treat pain and inflammatory diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY To characterize the chemical constituents and to evaluate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and locomotor activities of the dichloromethane fraction (DF) of S. guianensis leaves. Also, an acute oral toxicity test was accomplished. MATERIAL AND METHODS The chemical characterization of DF was performed by ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC) analyses coupled with a high-resolution mass spectrometer. The antioxidant potential of DF was investigated using nitric oxide (NO) and hydroxyl radical (OH) scavenging test. The evaluation study of the anti-inflammatory activity was carried out in vitro by NO measurement in stimulated macrophages and, in vivo, by croton oil-induced ear edema, LPS-induced peritonitis, and zymosan-induced arthritis in mice. Different mechanisms of central and peripheral nociception were stimulated by acetic acid-induced writhing, formalin, and tail-flick tests. Besides that, the open field assay was performed. RESULTS UHPLC analyses of DF showed the presence of a mixture of glycosylated and methoxylated flavonoids. DF was able to scavenge NO and OH radicals in vitro and showed anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting NO production in LPS-stimulated murine macrophages. Oral administration of DF considerably inhibited the ear edema after croton oil application and reduced the leukocyte infiltrated in LPS-induced peritonitis. In the inflammatory intra-articular zymosan-induced process, DF showed a significant reduction in the inflammatory area and of the cells in the synovial and connective tissues adjacent to the joint. Also, DF was able to reduce the intra-articular edema. In nociception models, the oral administration of DF considerably inhibited the acetic acid-induced writhings. The formalin test showed that DF attenuated the licking time in both phases, which suggested that DF reduce the nociception by central and peripheral mechanisms. In the tail-flick test, DF showed no activity. Besides that, DF did not affect the animal locomotion, and no acute toxicity was observed. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of S. guianensis were reported, supporting its ethnopharmacological uses for some inflammatory diseases and painful conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Leiras Mota Conegundes
- Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Products, Department of Biochemistry, Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
| | - Josiane Mello da Silva
- Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Products, Department of Biochemistry, Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
| | - Renata de Freitas Mendes
- Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Products, Department of Biochemistry, Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
| | - Maria Fernanda Fernandes
- Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Products, Department of Biochemistry, Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
| | - Nícolas de Castro Campos Pinto
- Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Products, Department of Biochemistry, Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
| | - Maycon Alcantara de Almeida
- Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Products, Department of Biochemistry, Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
| | - Paula Ribeiro Braga Dib
- Department of Parasitology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
| | - Rafaela de Oliveira Andrade
- Department of Morphology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, 36036 900, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
| | - Matheus Nehrer Rodrigues
- Department of Morphology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, 36036 900, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
| | | | - Gilson Costa Macedo
- Department of Parasitology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
| | - Elita Scio
- Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Products, Department of Biochemistry, Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
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de Sá Coutinho D, Pires J, Gomes H, Raffin Pohlmann A, Stanisçuaski Guterres S, Rodrigues e Silva PM, Martins MA, Ferrarini SR, Bernardi A. Pequi ( Caryocar brasiliense Cambess)-Loaded Nanoemulsion, Orally Delivered, Modulates Inflammation in LPS-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12111075. [PMID: 33187057 PMCID: PMC7696187 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pequi is a Brazilian fruit used in folk medicine for pulmonary diseases treatment, but its oil presents bioavailability limitations. The use of nanocarriers can overcome this limitation. We developed nanoemulsions containing pequi oil (pequi-NE) and evaluated their effects in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung injury model. Free pequi oil or pequi-NE (20 mg/kg) was orally administered to A/J mice 16 and 4 h prior to intranasal LPS exposure, and the analyses were performed 24 h after LPS provocation. The physicochemical results revealed that pequi-NE comprised particles with mean diameter of 174–223 nm, low polydispersity index (0.11 ± 0.01), zeta potential of −7.13 ± 0.08 mV, and pH of 5.83 ± 0.12. In vivo evaluation showed that free pequi oil pretreatment reduced the influx of inflammatory cells into bronchoalveolar fluid (BALF), while pequi-NE completely abolished leukocyte accumulation. Moreover, pequi-NE, but not free pequi oil, reduced myeloperoxidase (MPO), TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, MCP-1, and KC levels. Similar anti-inflammatory effects were observed when LPS-exposed animals were pre-treated with the nanoemulsion containing pequi or oleic acid. These results suggest that the use of nanoemulsions as carriers enhances the anti-inflammatory properties of oleic acid-containing pequi oil. Moreover, pequi’s beneficial effect is likely due its high levels of oleic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego de Sá Coutinho
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (D.d.S.C.); (H.G.); (P.M.R.eS.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Jader Pires
- Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Sinop 78550-728, Brazil;
| | - Hyago Gomes
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (D.d.S.C.); (H.G.); (P.M.R.eS.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Adriana Raffin Pohlmann
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil;
- College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610-000, Brazil;
| | | | - Patrícia Machado Rodrigues e Silva
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (D.d.S.C.); (H.G.); (P.M.R.eS.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Marco Aurelio Martins
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (D.d.S.C.); (H.G.); (P.M.R.eS.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Stela Regina Ferrarini
- Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Sinop 78550-728, Brazil;
- Correspondence: (S.R.F.); (A.B.)
| | - Andressa Bernardi
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (D.d.S.C.); (H.G.); (P.M.R.eS.); (M.A.M.)
- Correspondence: (S.R.F.); (A.B.)
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Oliveira FFBD, Bingana RD, Morais PAF, Oliveira SRBD, Barbosa ALDR, Chaves LDS, Alencar PDOC, Soares PMG, Souza MHLP, Freitas ALP, Barros FCN, Medeiros JVR, Damasceno ROS. Sulfated polysaccharide from Gracilaria caudata reduces hypernociception and inflammatory response during arthritis in rodents. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 161:1061-1069. [PMID: 32531369 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharide from marine alga Gracilaria caudata has potential health benefits, such as anti-inflammatory, gastroprotective and antidiarrheal effects. Here, we investigated the effect of a sulfated polysaccharide from G. caudata (SP-GC) on hypernociception and inflammatory response in arthritis models. The animals received SP-GC (3, 10 or 30 mg/kg) 1 h before tibio-tarsal injection of zymosan. Hypernociception, histopathology, edema, vascular permeability, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, cell influx, interleukin (IL)-1β and nitric oxide (NO) levels were evaluated in acute phase. In another protocol, animals received SP-GC (30 mg/kg) 2 h post-complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). Hypernociception, edema and arthritis index were determined in acute, sub-chronic and chronic phases. Rota-rod test measured the motor performance. SP-GC significantly reduced, in a dose-dependent manner, the zymosan-induced hypernociception with maximal effect at 30 mg/kg. The microscopic inflammation, joint edema, MPO activity, cell influx, IL-1β and NO levels were also reduced by SP-GC. In the CFA-induced arthritis, SP-GC inhibits the hypernociception, edema and arthritic index in acute, sub-chronic and chronic phases. SP-GC did not alter the motor performance of animals. In conclusion, SP-GC exerts protective effect in models of arthritis due to the modulation of cell influx, IL-1β and NO levels, culminating in the reduction of hypernociception and edema.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rudy Diavila Bingana
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60430-275 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Pedro Almir Feitosa Morais
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60430-275 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | - André Luiz Dos Reis Barbosa
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Piauí, 64202-020 Parnaíba, PI, Brazil
| | - Luciano de Sousa Chaves
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60440-900 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Pedro Marcos Gomes Soares
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60430-275 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Lúcia Ponte Freitas
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60440-900 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Francisco Clark Nogueira Barros
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60440-900 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Departamento de Pesquisa, Pós-Graduação e Inovação, 63040-540, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia - CE, Brazil
| | - Jand-Venes Rolim Medeiros
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Piauí, 64202-020 Parnaíba, PI, Brazil
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Barbosa GM, Cunha JE, Russo TL, Cunha TM, Castro PATS, Oliveira FFB, Cunha FQ, Ramalho FS, Salvini TF. Thirty days after anterior cruciate ligament transection is sufficient to induce signs of knee osteoarthritis in rats: pain, functional impairment, and synovial inflammation. Inflamm Res 2020; 69:279-288. [PMID: 32006078 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-020-01317-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the unilateral signs of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) 30 and 60 days after anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). Pain, gait function, synovial fluid inflammation, and histopathological changes in the synovial membrane were analyzed, as well as the interaction between the variables. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Wistar rats (n = 32; 219.2 ± 18.6 g) were randomly distributed into four groups of eight animals each. Two groups were submitted to unilateral ACLT surgery to induce KOA and analyzed after 30 (KOA30) and 60 days (KOA60). Two control groups (without surgery) were also assessed after the same time periods (C30 and C60). All the groups were evaluated before ACLT from the least to most stressful tests (skin temperature, mechanical response threshold, gait test, thermal response threshold, and joint swelling), as well as 30 and 60 days after surgery. After euthanasia, the synovial fluid and synovial membrane were collected. RESULTS Thirty days after ACLT, KOA30 showed decrease paw print area and mechanical response threshold, higher joint swelling, skin temperature, leukocyte count, cytokine levels, and synovitis score. No differences were found between KOA30 and KOA60. CONCLUSION Our data showed that 30 days after ACLT is sufficient to induce signs of KOA in rats, such as pain, functional impairment, and synovial inflammation, suggesting that a shorter time period can be used as an experimental model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germanna M Barbosa
- Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Jonathan E Cunha
- Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Thiago L Russo
- Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Thiago M Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Paula A T S Castro
- Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Fernando Q Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando S Ramalho
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Tania F Salvini
- Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil. .,Laboratório de Plasticidade Muscular, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luiz, Km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil.
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Propargylglycine decreases neuro-immune interaction inducing pain response in temporomandibular joint inflammation model. Nitric Oxide 2019; 93:90-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Albiero LR, de Andrade MF, Marchi LF, Landi-Librandi AP, de Figueiredo-Rinhel ASG, Carvalho CA, Kabeya LM, de Oliveira RDR, Azzolini AECS, Pupo MT, da Silva Emery F, Lucisano-Valim YM. Immunomodulating action of the 3-phenylcoumarin derivative 6,7-dihydroxy-3-[3',4'-methylenedioxyphenyl]-coumarin in neutrophils from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and in rats with acute joint inflammation. Inflamm Res 2019; 69:115-130. [PMID: 31786615 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-019-01298-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether free (3-PD-5free) and/or liposomal (3-PD-5lipo) 6,7-dihydroxy-3-[3',4'-methylenedioxyphenyl]-coumarin (3-PD-5) (1) modulate the effector functions of neutrophils from patients with rheumatoid arthritis under remission (i-RA) and with active disease (a-RA), in vitro; and (2) exert anti-inflammatory effect in a rat model of zymosan-induced acute joint inflammation. METHODS AND RESULTS Incorporation of 3-PD-5 into unilamellar liposomes of soya phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol was efficient (57.5 ± 7.9%) and yielded vesicles with low diameter (133.7 ± 18.4 nm), polydispersity index (0.39 ± 0.06), and zeta potential (- 1.22 ± 0.34 mV). 3-PD-5free (1 µM) and 3-PD-5lipo (3 µM) equally suppressed elastase release and reactive oxygen species generation in neutrophils from healthy subjects and i-RA and a-RA patients, stimulated with immune complexes. 3-PD-5free (20 µM) suppressed the release of neutrophil extracellular traps and chemotaxis in vitro, without clear signs of cytotoxicity. 3-PD-5lipo (1.5 mg/kg, i.p.) diminished joint edema and synovial infiltration of total leukocytes and neutrophils, without changing the synovial levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. CONCLUSION Altogether, the results reported herein indicate that 3-PD-5 is a promising modulator of the early stages of acute joint inflammation that can help to diminish not only excessive neutrophil infiltration in the synovia but also neutrophil activation and its outcomes in RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucinéia Reuse Albiero
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil. .,Federal University of Mato Grosso, Sinop, MT, Brazil.
| | - Micássio Fernandes de Andrade
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil. .,School of Health Sciences, The State University of Rio Grande do Norte, Mossoró, RN, Brazil.
| | - Larissa Fávaro Marchi
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Landi-Librandi
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Andréa Silva Garcia de Figueiredo-Rinhel
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Camila Andressa Carvalho
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Luciana Mariko Kabeya
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Renê Donizeti Ribeiro de Oliveira
- Division of Rheumatology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Elisa Caleiro Seixas Azzolini
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Mônica Tallarico Pupo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Flávio da Silva Emery
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Yara Maria Lucisano-Valim
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil.
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Barbosa GM, Cunha JE, Cunha TM, Martinho LB, Castro PATS, Oliveira FFB, Cunha FQ, Ramalho FS, Salvini TF. Clinical-like cryotherapy improves footprint patterns and reduces synovial inflammation in a rat model of post-traumatic knee osteoarthritis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14518. [PMID: 31601862 PMCID: PMC6787208 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50958-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryotherapy is a non-pharmacological treatment commonly used to control inflammation and improve function after acute traumas. However, there are no definitive findings about its effects on chronic joint diseases such as knee osteoarthritis (KOA). The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of clinical-like cryotherapy on functional impairment and synovial inflammation in a rat model of KOA generated by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). Thirty-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 8/group): Control, KOA, KOA + Cryotherapy and KOA + Placebo. The last two groups were submitted to the relevant interventions twice a day for five days (61 to 65), with each session lasting 20 min. Gait test, skin temperature, thermal response threshold and joint swelling were assessed in all groups before ACLT surgery, and pre (60th day) and post (66th day) intervention protocols. On day 66, the animals were euthanized and exsanguinated to remove the synovial membrane for histopathological examination and synovial fluid to determine the leukocyte count and cytokine concentration. After the intervention period (66th day), footprint area only increased in the KOA + Cryotherapy group (P = 0.004; 14%) when compared to KOA and KOA + Placebo, but did not differ from controls. Cryotherapy lowered the synovial fluid leukocyte count (P < 0.0001; ≥95.0%) and cytokine concentration (P < 0.0001; ≥55%) when compared to the KOA and Placebo groups. Synovial score and synovial fibrosis did not differ in the KOA groups. In conclusion, footprint patterns improved in rats with ACLT-induced KOA as a result of clinical-like cryotherapy, which also lowered the synovial fluid leukocyte count and inflammatory cytokine concentration in these rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan Emanuel Cunha
- Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Thiago Mattar Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Fernando Silva Ramalho
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Tania Fátima Salvini
- Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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Duavy SM, Ecker A, Salazar GT, Loreto J, Costa JGMD, Vargas Barbosa N. Pequi enriched diets protect Drosophila melanogaster against paraquat-induced locomotor deficits and oxidative stress. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2019; 82:664-677. [PMID: 31317820 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2019.1642277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The species Caryocar coriaceum Wittm (C. coriaceum), is popularly employed in northeast of Brazil for culinary purposes and in folk medicine. The oil from its fruit, deignated Pequi, is commonly used to treat inflammatory problems, and its leaves to treat viral infections. However, comprehensive knowledge regarding the pharmacological properties attributed to these plant parts is still scarce. Thus, this study aimed to explore the in vivo antioxidant potential of aqueous extract of the leaves (AEL) and Pequi pulp oil (PPO) on the pro-oxidative effects induced by paraquat (PQ) using Drosophila melanogaster (D. melanogaster) as a model. These flies were fed with either standard or AEL and PPO supplemented diets prior to (pre-treatment for 7 days) or concomitantly (co-treatment for 5 days) with PQ. D. melanogaster administered PQ exhibited locomotor deficits and a higher rate of mortality. PQ induced significant changes in the antioxidant/oxidant status of D. melanogaster, including significant (1) increase in levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation; (2) elevation in the activity of antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and marked up-regulation in mRNA expression of stress-related genes for CAT, superoxide dismutase (SOD), thioredoxin reductase and Keap-1. Aside for mortality rates, AEL and PPO treatments reduced PQ-induced oxidative stress and motor impairments. No apparent evidence of toxicity was observed in D. melanogaster fed with AEL and PPO alone. Our findings provide evidence that AEL and PPO may confer protection against oxidant conditions by stimulating antioxidant responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Mara Duavy
- a Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Campus Universitário - Camobi , Santa Maria , Brazil
| | - Assis Ecker
- a Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Campus Universitário - Camobi , Santa Maria , Brazil
| | - Gerson Torres Salazar
- a Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Campus Universitário - Camobi , Santa Maria , Brazil
| | - Julia Loreto
- a Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Campus Universitário - Camobi , Santa Maria , Brazil
| | | | - Nilda Vargas Barbosa
- a Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Campus Universitário - Camobi , Santa Maria , Brazil
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11
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Junior AJ, Leitão MM, Bernal LPT, Dos Santos E, Kuraoka-Oliveira ÂM, Justi P, Argandoña EJS, Kassuya CAL. Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Caryocar brasiliense. Antiinflamm Antiallergy Agents Med Chem 2019; 19:313-322. [PMID: 30961515 DOI: 10.2174/1871523018666190408144320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caryocar brasiliense, popularly known as pequi, is widely distributed in the Amazon rainforest and Brazilian savannah. The fruit obtained from pequi is used in cooking and has folk use as an anti-inflammatory and for the treatment of respiratory disease. Until now, these two properties had not been scientifically demonstrated for Pequi oil in a carrageenan model. OBJECTIVE Our group determined the composition and safe use of Pequi oil from the Savannah of Campo Grande, and the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activities of this pequi oil were investigated in vivo models. MATERIALS AND METHODS Doses of 300, 700, and 1000 mg/kg of Pequi oil were administered orally (p.o.) to Swiss male mice, and three parameters of inflammation (mechanical hyperalgesia, cold, hyperalgesia, and oedema) were analyzed in a carrageenan model to induce an inflammatory paw state. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The effects of Pequi oil were also carrageenan in pleurisy model, formalin, and acetic acid induced nociception. Oral administration of 1,000 mg/kg orally Pequi oil (p.o.) inhibited (*P<0.05), the migration of total leukocytes, but not alter plasma extravasation, in the pleurisy model when compared to control groups. The paw edema was inhibited with doses of 700 (P <0.05) and 1,000 mg (P<0.001) of pequi oil after 1, 2, and 4 hours after carrageenan. Pequi oil (1,000 mg/kg) also blocked the mechanical hyperalgesy and reduced cold allodynia induced by carrageenan in paw (P <0.05). Pequi oil treatment (1,000 mg/kg) almost blocked (P < 0.001) all parameters of nociception observed in formalin and acid acetic test. CONCLUSION This is the first time that the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of Pequi oil have been shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Jorge Junior
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Maicon Matos Leitão
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | | | - Elisângela Dos Santos
- University Hospital (HU-UFGD), Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | | | - Priscila Justi
- Faculty of Exact Sciences and Technology, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
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Carvalho da Silva L, Alves do Nascimento M, Guabiraba Mendes L, Ferro Furtado R, Correia da Costa JM, Luiz Herzog Cardoso A. Optimization of cashew gum and chitosan for microencapsulation of pequi oil by complex coacervation. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.13538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Study on the Cytotoxic, Genotoxic and Clastogenic Potential of Attalea phalerata Mart. ex Spreng. Oil Pulp In Vitro and In Vivo Experimental Models. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165258. [PMID: 27764219 PMCID: PMC5072689 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Attalea phalerata Mart. ex Spreng. (Arecaceae), popularly known as “bacuri”, is used in Brazilian folk medicine. Its oil is used orally to relieve pulmonary congestion and joint pain. In topical applications, it is applied as an effective hair tonic and anti-dandruff. The in natura pulp and its nuts are used as food because of its nutritional value. Despite its use in folk medicine, there is a lack of data regarding its in vivo/in vitro cytotoxic/genotoxic and clastogenic effects. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the cytotoxic, genotoxic and clastogenic effects of Attalea phalerata Mart. ex Spreng. oil (APMO) in vitro and in vivo. For the analysis of cytotoxic potential, the Artemia salina and MTT (3-(4,5-dimethizzol-zyl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assays were performed. Possible cytotoxic, genotoxic and clastogenic effects of APMO intake were determined by performing the comet and micronucleus assays. Male and female Wistar rats were orally treated with doses of 125, 250, 500 or 1000 mg.kg-1 of the APMO daily for 28 consecutive days (four weeks). The results showed that the APMO did not induce cell death in the experiments of Artemia salina and MTT, indicating that it has no cytotoxicity. The APMO did not cause significant damage to the DNA of the rats in the four doses used when compared to the negative control group (saline + Tween® 80). The APMO did not present any significant increase in micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCEs) for the four tested doses. When compared to the positive control group, all groups (comet and micronucleus tests) were statistically different. These data suggest that the administration of Attalea phalerata Mart oil. ex Spreng does not cause cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and clastogenicity in experimental models in vitro and in vivo following oral administration in this study.
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de Figueiredo PRL, Oliveira IB, Neto JBS, de Oliveira JA, Ribeiro LB, de Barros Viana GS, Rocha TM, Leal LKAM, Kerntopf MR, Felipe CFB, Coutinho HDM, de Alencar Menezes IR. Caryocar coriaceum Wittm. (Pequi) fixed oil presents hypolipemic and anti-inflammatory effects in vivo and in vitro. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 191:87-94. [PMID: 27321275 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Caryocar coriaceum Wittm. (Pequi) is found in southern Ceará, where the fruit is used as food and in folk medicine as an anti-inflammatory, and to promote healing. However, little is known about the effects of repeated administration of its oil on the biochemical parameters of the blood. This work aimed to evaluate the effects Caryocar coriaceum fixed oil (OFCC); on the lipid profiles of healthy mice, on dyslipidemia induced by tyloxapol, and to study its anti-inflammatory effect both in vivo and in vitro. The results revealed significant reduction in total serum cholesterol and triglycerides, and an increase in HDL-C. The paw edema (induced by carrageenan) and myeloperoxidase (MPO), in polymorphonuclear culture cells, was reduced at all dose levels. Results demonstrated that Caryocar coriaceum's fix oil present anti-inflammatory activity and, for the first time describe the hypolipidemic effects, supporting its traditional use and suggest that present a potential cardioprotective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Rosane Leite de Figueiredo
- Laboratório de Biofisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina Estácio de Juazeiro do Norte - Estácio/FMJ, Avenida Tenente Raimundo Rocha s/n, CEP 63040-360 Juazeiro do Norte, Brazil
| | - Isabella Bezerra Oliveira
- Laboratório de Biofisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina Estácio de Juazeiro do Norte - Estácio/FMJ, Avenida Tenente Raimundo Rocha s/n, CEP 63040-360 Juazeiro do Norte, Brazil
| | - José Benício Santana Neto
- Laboratório de Biofisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina Estácio de Juazeiro do Norte - Estácio/FMJ, Avenida Tenente Raimundo Rocha s/n, CEP 63040-360 Juazeiro do Norte, Brazil
| | - Juliana Albuquerque de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Biofisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina Estácio de Juazeiro do Norte - Estácio/FMJ, Avenida Tenente Raimundo Rocha s/n, CEP 63040-360 Juazeiro do Norte, Brazil
| | - Larissa Bernardo Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Biofisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina Estácio de Juazeiro do Norte - Estácio/FMJ, Avenida Tenente Raimundo Rocha s/n, CEP 63040-360 Juazeiro do Norte, Brazil
| | - Glauce Socorro de Barros Viana
- Laboratório de Biofisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina Estácio de Juazeiro do Norte - Estácio/FMJ, Avenida Tenente Raimundo Rocha s/n, CEP 63040-360 Juazeiro do Norte, Brazil
| | - Talita Magalhães Rocha
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Universidade Federal do Ceará - UFC, Rua Capitão Francisco Pedro, 1210, Rodolfo Teófilo, CEP 60430-370 Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Luzia Kalyne Almeida Moreira Leal
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Universidade Federal do Ceará - UFC, Rua Capitão Francisco Pedro, 1210, Rodolfo Teófilo, CEP 60430-370 Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Marta Regina Kerntopf
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Química Molecular - LFQM, Universidade Regional do Cariri - URCA, Rua Cel Antônio Luiz, 1161, Pimenta, CEP 63105-000 Crato, Brazil
| | - Cícero Francisco Bezerra Felipe
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular - DBM, Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Campus I - Jardim Cidade Universitária, CEP 58059-900 João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Henrique Douglas Melo Coutinho
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Biologia Molecular - LMBM Universidade Regional do Cariri - URCA, Rua Cel Antônio Luiz, 1161, Pimenta, CEP 63105-000, Crato, Brazil
| | - Irwin Rose de Alencar Menezes
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Química Molecular - LFQM, Universidade Regional do Cariri - URCA, Rua Cel Antônio Luiz, 1161, Pimenta, CEP 63105-000 Crato, Brazil.
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