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Campos MLD, Castro MBD, Campos AD, Fernandes MF, Conegundes JLM, Rodrigues MN, Mügge FLB, Silva AMD, Sabarense CM, Castañon MCMN, Andreazzi AE, Scio E. Antiobesity, hepatoprotective and anti-hyperglycemic effects of a pharmaceutical formulation containing Cecropia pachystachya Trécul in mice fed with a hypercaloric diet. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 280:114418. [PMID: 34271111 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The leaves of Cecropia pachystachya Trécul (Urticaceae), known as embaúba, are used as hypoglycemic and for weight reduction in Brazilian traditional medicine. AIM OF THE STUDY This study investigated the effects of a pharmaceutical formulation (ECP20) containing C. pachystachya extract on some metabolic alterations caused by a hypercaloric diet in mice. MATERIAL AND METHODS Mice were randomly fed with a standard or hypercaloric diet and orally treated with ECP20 or vehicle for 13 weeks. Subsequently, adiposity, glucose intolerance, and the presence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease were assessed. Adipose tissue and liver were collected after euthanasia and frozen at -80 °C for histological and antioxidant analyzes. The effect of ECP20 on the differentiation of 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes was also investigated. RESULTS Animals treated with ECP20 showed less weight gain, reduced glycemia, glucose tolerance restored, and hepatoprotective effect. Also, ECP20 presented significant in vivo antioxidant activity. Treatment of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes with ECP20 did not inhibit cellular differencing. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, ECP20 presented promising effects in the control of obesity and related disorders. Considering that glucose intolerance and hyperglycemia are strong evidence for the development of type 2 diabetes, the findings corroborated the traditional use of C. pachystachya to treat this disease. The chlorogenic acid and the flavonoids orientin and iso-orientin, present in the extract, might be involved in the activities found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Lúcia de Campos
- Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Products, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, 36036 900, MG, Brazil.
| | - Marina Bento de Castro
- Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Products, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, 36036 900, MG, Brazil.
| | - Artur Domingos Campos
- Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Products, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, 36036 900, MG, Brazil.
| | - Maria Fernanda Fernandes
- Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Products, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, 36036 900, MG, Brazil.
| | - Jéssica Leiras Mota Conegundes
- Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Products, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, 36036 900, MG, Brazil.
| | - Matheus Nehrer Rodrigues
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, 36036 900, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Lins Brandão Mügge
- Laboratory of Inflammatory Genes, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, MG, Brazil.
| | - Aristóbolo Mendes da Silva
- Laboratory of Inflammatory Genes, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, MG, Brazil.
| | - Céphora Maria Sabarense
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, 36036 900, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
| | | | - Ana Eliza Andreazzi
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, 36036 900, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
| | - Elita Scio
- Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Products, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, 36036 900, MG, Brazil.
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Chan JZ, Fernandes MF, Hashemi A, Grewal RS, Mardian EB, Bradley RM, Duncan RE. Age-associated increase in anxiety-like behavior in Lpaatδ/Agpat4 knockout mice. Current Research in Behavioral Sciences 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crbeha.2021.100042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Fernandes MF, Lopes LD, Dick RP. Microbial dynamics associated with the decomposition of coconut and maize residues in a microcosm experiment with tropical soils under two nitrogen fertilization levels. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:1261-1273. [PMID: 33539603 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The microbial dynamics associated with the decomposition of maize (Zea mays) and coconut (Cocos nucifera) residues were investigated to assess the feasibility of using them as mulch in tropical soils. METHODS AND RESULTS Phospholipid fatty-acid (PLFA) profiling, microbial biomass (MB-C), basal respiration, C-cycle enzyme activities and inorganic N dynamics were monitored in a microcosm experiment incubating soil samples with plant residues for 425 days. Maize stover (MS) showed a higher decomposition, respiration rate, MB-C, enzymes activities and shift in microbial community structure than coconut husk (CH), which was barely changed. In MS, the lower N level increased C losses and decreased N mineralization compared to the higher N level. CONCLUSIONS Maize stover is suitable for mulching and has a high potential of increasing soil quality if the proper N fertilization level is used, avoiding excessive C mineralization and N immobilization. Coconut husk decomposition was mostly impaired, indicating that a pre-processing is necessary to improve the benefits of this residue. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Tropical soils are prone to degradation. Mulching can promote soil conservation, but depends on residue type and soil chemistry. Our study showed that MS managed under the recommended N fertilization level is suitable for mulching while CH is highly inaccessible for microbial degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Fernandes
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.,Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), Embrapa Coastal Tablelands, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - L D Lopes
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), Embrapa Coastal Tablelands, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - R P Dick
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), Embrapa Coastal Tablelands, Aracaju, SE, Brazil.,School of Environment and Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Conegundes JLM, Silva JMD, Mendes RDF, Fernandes MF, Pinto NDCC, Almeida MAD, Dib PRB, Andrade RDO, Rodrigues MN, Castañon MCMN, Macedo GC, Scio E. Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activity of Siparuna guianensis Aublet, an amazonian plant traditionally used by indigenous communities. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 265:113344. [PMID: 32890711 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Siparuna guianensis Aublet leaves, known as negramina, are used by indigenous and local communities in Brazil and other countries in the Americas to treat pain and inflammatory diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY To characterize the chemical constituents and to evaluate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and locomotor activities of the dichloromethane fraction (DF) of S. guianensis leaves. Also, an acute oral toxicity test was accomplished. MATERIAL AND METHODS The chemical characterization of DF was performed by ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC) analyses coupled with a high-resolution mass spectrometer. The antioxidant potential of DF was investigated using nitric oxide (NO) and hydroxyl radical (OH) scavenging test. The evaluation study of the anti-inflammatory activity was carried out in vitro by NO measurement in stimulated macrophages and, in vivo, by croton oil-induced ear edema, LPS-induced peritonitis, and zymosan-induced arthritis in mice. Different mechanisms of central and peripheral nociception were stimulated by acetic acid-induced writhing, formalin, and tail-flick tests. Besides that, the open field assay was performed. RESULTS UHPLC analyses of DF showed the presence of a mixture of glycosylated and methoxylated flavonoids. DF was able to scavenge NO and OH radicals in vitro and showed anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting NO production in LPS-stimulated murine macrophages. Oral administration of DF considerably inhibited the ear edema after croton oil application and reduced the leukocyte infiltrated in LPS-induced peritonitis. In the inflammatory intra-articular zymosan-induced process, DF showed a significant reduction in the inflammatory area and of the cells in the synovial and connective tissues adjacent to the joint. Also, DF was able to reduce the intra-articular edema. In nociception models, the oral administration of DF considerably inhibited the acetic acid-induced writhings. The formalin test showed that DF attenuated the licking time in both phases, which suggested that DF reduce the nociception by central and peripheral mechanisms. In the tail-flick test, DF showed no activity. Besides that, DF did not affect the animal locomotion, and no acute toxicity was observed. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of S. guianensis were reported, supporting its ethnopharmacological uses for some inflammatory diseases and painful conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Leiras Mota Conegundes
- Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Products, Department of Biochemistry, Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
| | - Josiane Mello da Silva
- Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Products, Department of Biochemistry, Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
| | - Renata de Freitas Mendes
- Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Products, Department of Biochemistry, Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
| | - Maria Fernanda Fernandes
- Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Products, Department of Biochemistry, Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
| | - Nícolas de Castro Campos Pinto
- Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Products, Department of Biochemistry, Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
| | - Maycon Alcantara de Almeida
- Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Products, Department of Biochemistry, Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
| | - Paula Ribeiro Braga Dib
- Department of Parasitology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
| | - Rafaela de Oliveira Andrade
- Department of Morphology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, 36036 900, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
| | - Matheus Nehrer Rodrigues
- Department of Morphology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, 36036 900, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
| | | | - Gilson Costa Macedo
- Department of Parasitology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
| | - Elita Scio
- Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Products, Department of Biochemistry, Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
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Fernandes MF, Solís-Prosser MA, Neves L. Ptychographic reconstruction of pure quantum states. Opt Lett 2020; 45:6002-6005. [PMID: 33137054 DOI: 10.1364/ol.401832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The quantum analogue of ptychography, a powerful coherent diffractive imaging technique, is a simple method for reconstructing d-dimensional pure states. It relies on measuring partially overlapping parts of the input state in a single orthonormal basis and feeding the outcomes to an iterative phase retrieval algorithm for postprocessing. We provide a proof of concept demonstration of this method by determining pure states given by superpositions of d transverse spatial modes of an optical field. A set of n rank-r projectors, diagonal in the spatial mode basis, is used to generate n partially overlapping parts of the input, and each part is projectively measured in the Fourier transformed basis. For d up to 32, we successfully reconstructed hundreds of random states using n=5 and n=d rank-⌈d/2⌉ projectors. The extension of quantum ptychography for other types of photonic spatial modes is outlined.
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Silva FG, Passos EM, Diniz LEC, Teodoro AV, Talamini V, Fernandes MF, Dollet M. Occurrence in Brazil of Haplaxius crudus (Hemiptera: Cixiidae), Vector of Coconut Lethal Yellowing. Neotrop Entomol 2019; 48:171-174. [PMID: 30632083 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-018-0663-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The lethal yellowing (LY) is a major phytoplasma causing disease seriously threatening coconut plantations worldwide, with imminent risk of entering Brazil. The LY phytoplasma is restricted to the phloem and transmitted by the planthopper Haplaxius crudus (Van Duzee) (Cixiidae). In this study, Auchenorrhyncha were collected on the leaves of Dwarf vs. Dwarf hybrids and Brazilian Green Dwarf Jiqui in the Brazilian northern state of Para using yellow adhesive traps in May of 2016. The planthopper H. crudus was found in coconut plantations of Brazilian Green Dwarf Jiqui, accounting for 87% of the individuals captured. This is the first report of vector H. crudus in Brazilian coconut plantations. These findings are of great scientific relevance since H. crudus could negatively impact the Brazilian coconut industry and this knowledge could be used in contingency measures in the case of LY be introduced in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- F G Silva
- Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Avenida Marechal Rodon, Jardim Rosa Elze, São Cristovão, Sergipe, 49100-000, Brasil.
| | - E M Passos
- Embrapa Tabuleiros Costeiros, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brasil
| | - L E C Diniz
- Embrapa Tabuleiros Costeiros, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brasil
| | - A V Teodoro
- Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Avenida Marechal Rodon, Jardim Rosa Elze, São Cristovão, Sergipe, 49100-000, Brasil
- Embrapa Tabuleiros Costeiros, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brasil
| | - V Talamini
- Embrapa Tabuleiros Costeiros, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brasil
| | - M F Fernandes
- Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Avenida Marechal Rodon, Jardim Rosa Elze, São Cristovão, Sergipe, 49100-000, Brasil
- Embrapa Tabuleiros Costeiros, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brasil
| | - M Dollet
- CIRAD, UMR IPME, Montpellier, France
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Horman T, Fernandes MF, Zhou Y, Fuller B, Tigert M, Leri F. An exploration of the aversive properties of 2-deoxy-D-glucose in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2018; 235:3055-3063. [PMID: 30112578 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-4998-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hypoglycemia can alter arousal and negatively impact mood. This study tests the hypothesis that acute drops in glucose metabolism cause an aversive state mediated by monoamine activity. In experiment 1, male Sprague-Dawley rats were either food deprived (FD) or pre-fed (PF) and tested on conditioned place avoidance (CPA; biased place conditioning design; 3 pairings drug/vehicle, each 30 min-long) induced by the glucose antimetabolite 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG; 0, 300 or 500 mg/kg, SC). Locomotion and blood glucose were also assessed. Experiment 2 examined whether clonidine (noradrenergic α2 agonist, 0, 10 or 40 μg/kg, SC) or bupropion (monoamine reuptake blocker, 0, 10 or 30 mg/kg, SC) could alter CPA induced by 500 mg/kg 2-DG. In experiment 3, blood corticosterone (CORT) was measured in response to 500 mg/kg 2-DG, alone or in combination with 40 μg/kg clonidine or 30 mg/kg bupropion. Finally, experiment 4 controlled for possible place conditioning induced by 10 or 40 μg/kg clonidine, or 10 or 30 mg/kg bupropion injected without 2-DG. It was found that 2-DG increased blood glucose and produced a robust CPA. The feeding status of the animals modulated these effects, including CORT levels. Both clonidine and bupropion attenuated the effects of 2-DG on CPA and CORT, but only bupropion reversed suppression of locomotion. Taken together, these results in rats suggest that impaired glucose metabolism can negatively impact arousal and mood via effects on HPA and monoamine systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Horman
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | | | - Yan Zhou
- Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin Fuller
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Melissa Tigert
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Francesco Leri
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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Fernandes MF, Tache MC, Klingel SL, Leri F, Mutch DM. Safflower (n-6) and flaxseed (n-3) high-fat diets differentially regulate hypothalamic fatty acid profiles, gene expression, and insulin signalling. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2018; 128:67-73. [PMID: 29413363 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have important signalling roles in the hypothalamus, a region of the brain that regulates whole-body energy homeostasis. While evidence suggests that high PUFA intake can impact hypothalamic activity, the underlying molecular mechanisms regulated by essential dietary n-6 and n-3 PUFA (i.e., linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid, respectively) remain poorly described in this brain region. To differentiate the roles of essential dietary PUFA on hypothalamic function, we fed male rats high-fat diets (35% kcal/d) containing either safflower (linoleic acid) or flaxseed (α-linolenic acid) oil for 2 months. Control rats were fed a low-fat (16% kcal/d) diet containing soybean oil. Hypothalamic fatty acids and gene expression were investigated by gas chromatography and microarray, respectively. Safflower-fed rats had higher total n-6 PUFA content due to increases in linoleic acid, arachidonic acid, and osbond acid compared to the other diet groups, while flaxseed-fed rats had higher total n-3 content due to increases in α-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid. Safflower-fed rats showed augmented expression of genes related to hypothalamic insulin signalling compared to controls. This was mirrored by significant increases in phosphorylated AKTthr308 and AKTser473 levels; indicative of increased PI(3)K/AKT pathway activity. These changes were not observed in the hypothalamus of flaxseed-fed rats. Our findings provide new molecular insights into how essential fatty acids influence the hypothalamus and, potentially, whole-body energy homeostasis. This work also provides new knowledge to better understand the impact of essential fatty acids on metabolic and behavioral phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fernanda Fernandes
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1; Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - Maria Cristina Tache
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - Shannon L Klingel
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - Francesco Leri
- Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - David M Mutch
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1.
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Fernandes MF, Mutch DM, Leri F. The Relationship between Fatty Acids and Different Depression-Related Brain Regions, and Their Potential Role as Biomarkers of Response to Antidepressants. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9030298. [PMID: 28304335 PMCID: PMC5372961 DOI: 10.3390/nu9030298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a complex disorder influenced by a variety of biological and environmental factors. Due to significant heterogeneity, there are remarkable differences in how patients respond to treatment. A primary objective of psychiatric research is to identify biological markers that could be used to better predict and enhance responses to antidepressant treatments. Diet impacts various aspects of health, including depression. The fatty acid composition of the Western diet, which has a high ratio of n-6:n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, is associated with increased incidence of depression. The brain is rich in lipids, and dietary fatty acids act within specific brain regions to regulate processes that impact emotional behavior. This manuscript reviews existing evidence demonstrating brain region-specific fatty acid profiles, and posits that specific fatty acids may serve as predictive biomarkers of response to antidepressants. Furthermore, increasing blood levels of certain fats, such as n-3s, via dietary intervention may serve as an adjunct to improve the efficacy of antidepressants. Notably, most of the existing research regarding fats and depression-related brain regions has focused on n-3s, as compared to n-6s, monounsaturated, and saturated fats. This review article will help guide future work investigating the relationships between fatty acids, brain regions, and antidepressant efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fernanda Fernandes
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - David M Mutch
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Francesco Leri
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
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Solís-Prosser MA, Fernandes MF, Jiménez O, Delgado A, Neves L. Experimental Minimum-Error Quantum-State Discrimination in High Dimensions. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 118:100501. [PMID: 28339223 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.100501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Quantum mechanics forbids perfect discrimination among nonorthogonal states through a single shot measurement. To optimize this task, many strategies were devised that later became fundamental tools for quantum information processing. Here, we address the pioneering minimum-error (ME) measurement and give the first experimental demonstration of its application for discriminating nonorthogonal states in high dimensions. Our scheme is designed to distinguish symmetric pure states encoded in the transverse spatial modes of an optical field; the optimal measurement is performed by a projection onto the Fourier transform basis of these modes. For dimensions ranging from D=2 to D=21 and nearly 14 000 states tested, the deviations of the experimental results from the theoretical values range from 0.3% to 3.6% (getting below 2% for the vast majority), thus showing the excellent performance of our scheme. This ME measurement is a building block for high-dimensional implementations of many quantum communication protocols, including probabilistic state discrimination, dense coding with nonmaximal entanglement, and cryptographic schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Solís-Prosser
- Center for Optics and Photonics and MSI-Nucleus on Advanced Optics, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 4016, Concepción, Chile
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - M F Fernandes
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - O Jiménez
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de Antofagasta, Casilla 170, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - A Delgado
- Center for Optics and Photonics and MSI-Nucleus on Advanced Optics, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 4016, Concepción, Chile
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - L Neves
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
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Abstract
The objective of the investigation was to report on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients diagnosed with skull base tumours using the Short Form Health Survey questionnaire (SF-36). Those patients suffering with vestibular schwannoma were examined to determine the effect facial nerve function had on their quality of life. It took place at the tertiary referral centre at the Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh. A prospective study of 70 consecutive patients was taken, who harboured the following tumours: 54 vestibular schwannomas, 13 meningiomas, two haemangioblastomas and one hypoglossal schwannoma. Patients were interviewed using the short form 36 (SF-36) questionnaire. Facial nerve function was assessed in those patients who had vestibular schwannomas. The entire cohort of live skull base patients were assessed after a median follow-up time of 38.4 months. Patients with vestibular schwannoma treated conservatively with interval MRI had a quality of life similar to t he normal population. Those who underwent surgery had a significant difference in two of the SF-36 domains. No statistically significant correlation was found at final assessment between the degree of facial nerve functioning and any of the domains of SF-36. Patients with non-vestibular tumours had an impaired HRQoL in seven of the eight domains. Patients with skull base tumours have a significant impairment of their HRQoL. A conservative policy of follow up with interval MRI for patients with small vestibular schwannomas may therefore be more appropriate to preserve their HRQoL. Facial nerve outcome has little influence on quality of life in vestibular schwannoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M O Kelleher
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Eire, UK
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Bueno JR, Teixeira AR, Fernandes MF. An experimental evaluation of the anti-anxiety effects of some antidepressants. J Bras Psiquiatr 1971; 20:179-91. [PMID: 5170818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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