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Zhang WJ, Chen RQ, Tang X, Li PB, Wang J, Wu HK, Xu N, Zou MF, Luo SR, Ouyang ZQ, Chen ZK, Liao XX, Wu H. Naoxintong capsule for treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases: from bench to bedside. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1402763. [PMID: 38994201 PMCID: PMC11236728 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1402763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Naoxintong Capsule (NXT), a renowned traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulation, has been broadly applied in China for more than 30 years. Over decades, accumulating evidences have proven satisfactory efficacy and safety of NXT in treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (CCVD). Studies have been conducted unceasingly, while this growing latest knowledge of NXT has not yet been interpreted properly and summarized comprehensively. Hence, we systematically review the advancements in NXT research, from its chemical constituents, quality control, pharmacokinetics, to its profound pharmacological activities as well as its clinical applications in CCVD. Moreover, we further propose specific challenges for its future perspectives: 1) to precisely clarify bioactivities of single compound in complicated mixtures; 2) to evaluate the pharmacokinetic behaviors of NXT feature components in clinical studies, especially drug-drug interactions in CCVD patients; 3) to explore and validate its multi-target mechanisms by integrating multi-omics technologies; 4) to re-evaluate the safety and efficacy of NXT by carrying out large-scale, multicenter randomized controlled trials. In brief, this review aims to straighten out a paradigm for TCM modernization, which help to contribute NXT as a piece of Chinese Wisdom into the advanced intervention strategy for CCVD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-jian Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Rui-qi Chen
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Tang
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pei-bo Li
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Foshan Sanshui District People’s Hospital, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Hai-ke Wu
- Department of Neurology, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Ning Xu
- Second People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Ming-fei Zou
- Second People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Sen-rong Luo
- Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Zi-qi Ouyang
- Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi-kai Chen
- Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Xu-xing Liao
- Department of Neurosurgery, First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Lu Z, Zhang X, Xie Y. Regulatory patterns of Chinese patent medicine for lipid metabolism disorders in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated by ischemic stroke: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e35050. [PMID: 38758863 PMCID: PMC11098261 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the regulatory patterns of Chinese patent medicine (CPM) interventions on lipid metabolism disorders in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) complicated by ischemic stroke. METHODS Two researchers independently searched 8 major databases and created a comprehensive database containing all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that investigated the application of "blood-activating and stasis-removing" CPM in the treatment of stroke combined with T2DM until October 1, 2022. The collected data were compiled and organized in Excel. Quality assessment was performed using the Cochrane 5.3 bias risk assessment tool, and the network meta-analysis was conducted using R software. RESULTS A total of 12 articles were included in the final analysis, covering 4 types of CPM: Naoxintong Capsules (NXT), Tongmai Jiangtang Capsules, Tongxinluo Capsules (TXL), and Yindan Xinnaotong Soft Capsules. Among these, CPM formulations containing herbs with blood-activating and stasis-removing properties were the most commonly used. The results of the network meta-analysis are as follows: (1) the combination of 3 CPM formulations showed superior efficacy in improving total cholesterol levels compared to conventional Western medicine treatment (CT). In particular, Yindan Xinnaotong Soft Capsules + CT (surface under the cumulative ranking curve [SUCRA] = 97.24%) demonstrated the highest efficacy, followed by NXT + CT (SUCRA = 66.23%), and then TXL + CT (SUCRA = 55.16%). (2) TXL + CT treatment exhibited the most promising efficacy in improving triglyceride levels (P < .05), while the effects of the other 3 CPM formulations were not statistically significant. (3) In terms of improving low-density lipoprotein levels, NXT + CT (SUCRA = 82.27%) showed better efficacy than TXL + CT (SUCRA = 73.99%), while the effects of the other 2 CPM formulations were not statistically significant. (4) The combination of CPM formulations and CT resulted in a lower incidence of adverse reactions compared to CT (P < .05). CONCLUSION The treatment of patients with T2DM complicated by ischemic stroke commonly involved the use of "blood-activating and stasis-removing" herbal medicines. These herbal medicines have shown effectiveness in regulating patients' blood lipid levels. However, it is crucial to acknowledge that the analysis was influenced by variations in the number and quality of RCTs involving different CPM formulations. Therefore, additional validation through large-scale, high-quality RCT studies is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenkai Lu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuming Zhang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanming Xie
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Wu Z, Tang X. Bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation revealed that Paeoniflorigenone effectively mitigates cerebral ischemic stroke by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5580. [PMID: 38448479 PMCID: PMC10918059 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55041-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress are becoming more recognized as risk factors for ischemic stroke. Paeoniflorigenone (PA) has diverse pharmacological effects that include anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. However, the specific mechanisms by which PA affects cerebral ischemic stroke have not been studied. Our objective was to investigate the potential targets and mechanisms of PA in preventing cerebral ischemic stroke. We obtained the potential targets of PA from the SwissTargetPrediction, Super-PRED, and SEA Search Server databases. The GSE97537 dataset was utilized to identify gene targets related to ischemic stroke. The overlapping targets were imported into the STRING database to construct a protein-protein interaction network, and enrichment analyses were conducted using R software. Rats were pretreated with PA for three weeks before undergoing MCAO and reperfusion. H&E staining, ELISA, and qRT-PCR analyses were then performed to explore the potential mechanisms of PA. In the study, we identified 439 potential targets for PA and 1206 potential targets for ischemic stroke. Out of these, there were 71 common targets, which were found to be primarily associated with pathways related to oxidative stress and inflammation. The results from animal experiments showed that PA was able to improve nerve function and reduce inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress in the MCAO-induced ischemic stroke model. Additionally, the expression of core genes in the MCAO + HPA group was significantly lower compared to the MCAO group. Our study revealed that the potential mechanisms by which PA prevents ischemic stroke involve oxidative stress and inflammation. These findings provide important theoretical guidance for the clinical use of PA in preventing and managing ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyan Wu
- Department of Preventive Treatment, Dongguan Humen Hosipital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Building No.375, Jienan lu, Dongguan, 523900, Guangdong, China
| | - Xingrong Tang
- Department of Science and Education, Jiangmen Wuyi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Building No.30, Huayuandong lu, Jiangmen, 529000, Guangdong, China.
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Yegin B, Donmez DB, Oz S, Aydin S. Dose-related effects of ciproxifan on brain tissue in rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. Int J Neurosci 2023:1-13. [PMID: 37874217 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2023.2273767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cerebral ischemia is the result of decreased or interrupted blood flow to the brain. It is the third leading cause of death after cardiovascular disease and cancer. Cerebral ischemia is reversible or irreversible in neurons in the affected area, and subsequent free radical damage can be exacerbated if reperfusion occurs. Ciproxifan is used to study the involvement of histaminergic neurons in different phases such as wakefulness and cognition. We wanted to find out whether ciproxifan has a protective effect on the brain of rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 64 adult rats (32 male and 32 female) were used for the experiment. Eight cages were formed with randomly selected rats. No substance was administered to the rats in Group 1 and no surgical procedure was performed. The cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model (clamping of the left common carotid artery for 15 min followed by reperfusion for 24 h) was applied to rats in Group 2, Group 3, and Group 4 after 7 days/single dose of saline and ciproxifan (10 mg/kg, 30 mg/kg). After that, the activitymeter, forced swim test (FST), and Morris water maze (MWM) were performed on all animals. RESULTS Rats treated with ciproxifan exhibit neurons and glial cells with histologic structures similar to those of the control group, and interestingly, these differences became more pronounced with increasing dose. Rats administered ciproxifan improved motor coordination, decreased total distance behavior, and improved learning ability. However, when the groups were compared by sex, no significant difference was found in the parameters. CONCLUSION Thus, we could conclude that ciproxifan has a protective effect on the brain to a certain extent, regardless of the dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bengi Yegin
- Departmant of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Yuksek Ihtisas University, Cankaya, Turkey
| | - Dilek Burukoglu Donmez
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Odunpazarı, Turkey
| | - Semih Oz
- Departmant of Vocational School of Health Services, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Odunpazarı, Turkey
| | - Sule Aydin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Odunpazarı, Turkey
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Zhou H, Fang N, Zhou P, Lin B, Wei X, Fu W, Ding Z, Yang J, Wan H. Study on the Mechanism of Naoxintong in the Treatment of Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Based on a Multiomics Method. Rejuvenation Res 2023; 26:159-169. [PMID: 37261991 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2023.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (CIR) injury occurs as a secondary injury during the treatment of ischemic stroke (IS). There is a high death rate and morbidity due to IS throughout the world. Even though Naoxintong Capsule (NXT) is effective in the treatment of CIR, its mechanisms of action are unclear. The study aims to explore the clear mechanism associated with NXT therapy for CIR. We established the model of middle cerebral artery occlusion to evaluate the neurological function and assess the infarct size. Brain tissue metabolomics was used to identify different metabolites, and metabolic profiling systems enriched metabolic pathways. Then, the potential targets of NXT in the treatment of CIR were explored by proteomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic methods. NXT improves CIR symptoms. We found potential 11 proteins and corresponding metabolites involved in NXT treatment of CIR. Most of these metabolites are regulated to restore after treatment. According to network pharmacology, we found 6 hub genes, including Glb1, Gmps, Pfas, Atic, Gaa, and Acox1, and their associated core metabolites and pathways. This study reveals the complex mechanism of NXT in treating CIR, and provides a new strategy for future researchers to screen related targets and pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifen Zhou
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ningji Fang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Bingying Lin
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Wei
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wei Fu
- Department of Cardiac-Cerebral Diseases, Yinchuan Cardiac-Cerebral Treatment Internet Hospital, Yinchuan, P.R. China
| | - Zhishan Ding
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jiehong Yang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Haitong Wan
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
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Hao DL, Li JM, Xie R, Huo HR, Xiong XJ, Sui F, Wang PQ. The role of traditional herbal medicine for ischemic stroke: from bench to clinic-A critical review. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 109:154609. [PMID: 36610141 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic stroke (IS) is a leading cause of death and severe long-term disability worldwide. Over the past few decades, considerable progress has been made in anti-ischemic therapies. However, IS remains a tremendous challenge, with favourable clinical outcomes being generally difficult to achieve from candidate drugs in preclinical phase testing. Traditional herbal medicine (THM) has been used to treat stroke for over 2,000 years in China. In modern times, THM as an alternative and complementary therapy have been prescribed in other Asian countries and have gained increasing attention for their therapeutic effects. These millennia of clinical experience allow THM to be a promising avenue for improving clinical efficacy and accelerating drug discovery. PURPOSE To summarise the clinical evidence and potential mechanisms of THMs in IS. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted in seven electronic databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, the VIP Information Database, the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, and the Wanfang Database, from inception to 17 June 2022 to examine the efficacy and safety of THM for IS, and to investigate experimental studies regarding potential mechanisms. RESULTS THM is widely prescribed for IS alone or as adjuvant therapy. In clinical trials, THM is generally administered within 72 h of stroke onset and are continuously prescribed for over 3 months. Compared with Western medicine (WM), THM combined with routine WM can significantly improve neurological function defect scores, promote clinical total effective rate, and accelerate the recovery time of stroke with fewer adverse effects (AEs). These effects can be attributed to multiple mechanisms, mainly anti-inflammation, antioxidative stress, anti-apoptosis, brain blood barrier (BBB) modulation, inhibition of platelet activation and thrombus formation, and promotion of neurogenesis and angiogenesis. CONCLUSIONS THM may be a promising candidate for IS management to guide clinical applications and as a reference for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Li Hao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Jia-Meng Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Ran Xie
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Hai-Ru Huo
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xing-Jiang Xiong
- Guang'anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Feng Sui
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Peng-Qian Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
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Sun Q, Zhang X, Fan J, Zhang L, Ji H, Xue J, Zhang C, Chen R, Zhao J, Chen J, Liu X, Song D. Geniposide protected against cerebral ischemic injury through the anti-inflammatory effect via the NF-κB signaling pathway. Transl Neurosci 2023; 14:20220273. [PMID: 37333874 PMCID: PMC10276575 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2022-0273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Context Accumulated evidence indicates that geniposide exhibits neuroprotective effects in ischemic stroke. However, the potential targets of geniposide remain unclear. Objective We explore the potential targets of geniposide in ischemic stroke. Materials and methods Adult male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model. Mice were randomly divided into five groups: Sham, MCAO, and geniposide-treated (i.p. twice daily for 3 days before MCAO) at doses of 25, 75, or 150 mg/kg. We first examined the neuroprotective effects of geniposide. Then, we further explored via biological information analysis and verified the underlying mechanism in vivo and in vitro. Results In the current study, geniposide had no toxicity at concentrations of up to 150 mg/kg. Compared with the MCAO group, the 150 mg/kg group of geniposide significantly (P < 0.05) improved neurological deficits, brain edema (79.00 ± 0.57% vs 82.28 ± 0.53%), and infarct volume (45.10 ± 0.24% vs 54.73 ± 2.87%) at 24 h after MCAO. Biological information analysis showed that the protective effect was closely related to the inflammatory response. Geniposide suppressed interleukin-6 (IL-6) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in the brain homogenate, as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Geniposide upregulated A20 and downregulated TNF receptor-associated factor-6 and nuclear factor kappa-B phosphorylation in the MCAO model and lipopolysaccharide-treated BV2 cells at 100 μM. Conclusions Geniposide exhibited a neuroprotective effect via attenuating inflammatory response, as indicated by biological information analysis, in vivo and in vitro experiments, which may provide a potential direction for the application of geniposide in the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Sun
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease and Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xiangjian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease and Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jingyi Fan
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease and Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease and Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Hui Ji
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease and Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jing Xue
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease and Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease and Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease and Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease and Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Junmin Chen
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease and Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaoxia Liu
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease and Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Degang Song
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease and Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China
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Zhang L, Sui S, Wang S, Sun J. Neuroprotective Effect of Corosolic Acid Against Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Experimental Rats. J Oleo Sci 2022; 71:1501-1510. [PMID: 36089398 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess22130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several therapeutic approaches were also urgently needed as ischaemic stroke was one of the most common brain disorders. Many phytochemicals have recently been discovered for the advancement of lead-like libraries that are concentrated on the peripheral and central nervous systems. Science does not yet understand how these drugs work, nor do they comprehend their in vivo characteristics. We investigated the potential benefits of corosolic acid (CA) in the treatment of brain injury caused by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Injury occurs after a 2-hour transient occlusion of the posterior cerebral artery and subsequent reperfusion (after 20 hours). Furthermore, the experiment assessed the size of the infarct, the amount of brain water present, as well as the neurofunctional conditions in rats. In the study, several markers of inflammation and cytokines associated with brain injury were measured. The Elisa kit was used in this study to measure the mRNA expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin 1β, TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and nitrous oxide (NO). The CA treatment significantly reduced brain water content, brain infarction volume, neurological scores, and Evans blue leakage (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001). Experimental rats were treated with CA after a significantly reduced level of anti-inflammatory, pro-inflammatory, and oxidative stress mediators was noted in their body tissues and serum (p < 0.001). By suppressing inflammatory responses in rats, CA demonstrated anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University
| | - Songtao Sui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qingdao West Coast New Area Central Hospital
| | - Si Wang
- Department of Neurology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University
| | - Jinbo Sun
- Department of Neurology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University
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Mohammed RA, Sayed RH, El-Sahar AE, Khattab MA, Saad MA. Insights into the role of pERK1/2 signaling in post-cerebral ischemia reperfusion sexual dysfunction in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 933:175258. [PMID: 36096157 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of ERK1/2 inhibition on both the amygdala and hippocampal structures, and to investigate its role in regulating memory for sexual information. This study utilized a cerebral ischemia reperfusion (IR) model to produce a stressful brain condition that highlights the possible involvement of a hippocampal GC/pERK1/2/BDNF pathway in the resulting sexual consequences of this ailment. Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: (1) sham; (2) IR: subjected to 45 min of ischemia followed by 48 h of reperfusion; (3) PD98059: received PD98059 at 0.3 mg/kg, i.p.; (4) IR + PD98059. This study provides new evidence for cerebral IR-induced amygdala injury and the sexual impairments that are associated with motor and cognitive deficits in rats. These findings were correlated with histopathological changes that are defined by extensive neuronal loss in both the hippocampus and the amygdala. The current study postulated that the ERK inhibitor PD98059 could reverse IR-induced injury in the amygdala as well as reversing IR-induced sexual impairments. This hypothesis is supported by the ability of PD98059 to: (1) restore luteinizing hormone and testosterone levels; (2) increase sexual arousal and copulatory performance (as evidenced by modulating mount, intromission, ejaculation latencies, and post-ejaculatory intervals); (3) improve the histological profile in the amygdala that is associated with reduced glutamate levels, c-Fos expression, and elevated gamma aminobutyric acid levels. In conclusion, the present findings introduce pERK1/2 inhibition as a possible strategy for enhancing sexual activity in survivors of IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham A Mohammed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rabab H Sayed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ayman E El-Sahar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Khattab
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Muhammed A Saad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, 4184, United Arab Emirates
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Lu Y, Wan H, Wu Y, Yang J, Yu L, He Y, Wan H, Li C. Naoxintong Capsule Alternates Gut Microbiota and Prevents Hyperlipidemia in High-Fat-Diet Fed Rats. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:843409. [PMID: 35387330 PMCID: PMC8978017 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.843409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Naoxintong Capsule (NXT) is a formulated Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) widely applied in the treatment of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, most of which are closely related to hyperlipidemia as a major risk factor. Given the current limited understandings to the role of gut microbiota in the lipid-lowering effect of NXT and other TCM products, this study investigated the regulation of gut microbiota and lipid metabolism by NXT, and their potential relationship. Methods: The chemical components of NXT were firstly analyzed with HPLC-MS method. In high fat diet (HFD)-fed rat models, as well as normal rats as control, the histopathological and biochemical changes of serum and liver were examined, including total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). In addition, the gut microbiota community was analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing technique, the fecal levels of gut microbiota related metabolites, including bile acids (BAs) and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were determined with HPLC-MS. The correlations of the clinical indicators and gut microbiota related indicators were then investigated statistically. Results: The results showed that NXT exerted potential preventive effect on hyperlipidemia. Specifically, NXT significantly reduced the body weight, TC, TG and LDL-C in serum, increased HDL-C in serum, reduced the TC and TG in liver, as well as protected liver. The body weight, serum lipid levels and liver function were all significantly alleviated. The gut microbiota of the HFD-fed rats was reconstituted with supplementation of NXT. The fecal levels of gut microbiota related metabolites, including BAs and SCFAs were also altered. The correlation between the gut microbiota and clinical/metabolomic parameters was then studied. As the result, the amount of propionic aicd, Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio (F/B) and the relative abundance of Collinsella in feces are the most possibly potential therapeutic biomarkers of NXT. Conclusion: NXT was effective in regulation of gut microbiota and prevention of hyperlipidemia in HFD fed rats. The present work might provide novel insights into the anti-hyperlipidemia effect of TCM and afford new scientific evidence for clinical application of TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihang Lu
- Key Laboratory of TCM Encephalopathy of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haofang Wan
- Key Laboratory of TCM Encephalopathy of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yujia Wu
- Key Laboratory of TCM Encephalopathy of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiehong Yang
- Key Laboratory of TCM Encephalopathy of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Yu
- Key Laboratory of TCM Encephalopathy of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu He
- Key Laboratory of TCM Encephalopathy of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haitong Wan
- Key Laboratory of TCM Encephalopathy of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chang Li
- Key Laboratory of TCM Encephalopathy of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Du KZ, Cui Y, Chen S, Yang R, Shang Y, Wang C, Yan Y, Li J, Chang YX. An integration strategy combined progressive multivariate statistics with anticoagulant activity evaluation for screening anticoagulant quality markers in Chinese patent medicine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 287:114964. [PMID: 34990765 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases affect human health globally. Naoxintong capsules (NXTs), a famous Chinese Patent Medicine, has been especially applied to treat cerebral infarction and coronary heart disease in clinical practice. The anticoagulant activity of this prescription plays an important role in this course of treatment. AIM OF THE STUDY Thrombin and factor Xa (FXa) are two key targets considering the anticoagulant activity. The purpose of this investigation is to screen the quanlity markers as key thrombin and FXa inhibitors for the anticoagulant activity oriented quality control of Chinese patent medicine. MATERIALS AND METHODS Simple multi-polar solvent extraction processes using various proportions of solvents were conducted and their thrombin/FXa inhibitory activities were evaluated in vitro. Bivariate correlation analysis (BCA), grey correlation analysis (GCA), and orthogonal partial least squares discriminate analysis (OPLS-DA) were adopted for screening the potential active markers related to the anticoagulant activity. The chemical structures of these active compounds were identified by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS and their thrombin/FXa inhibitory activity was determined. The molecular docking technology was applied to explore the interaction between the compounds and targets. The contribution of these anticoagulant active ingredients in NXT was also investigated. Last but not the least, the contents of these markers in NXT were determined by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS) method. RESULTS The results showed that the NXT extract exhibited great activity against thrombin and FXa, especially extracted by 75% methanol (v/v). Six marker compounds with potential anticoagulant activity were screened out. Therein, four of the active compounds owing thrombin inhibitory activity (paeoniflorin, lithospermic acid, salvianolic acid B, Z-ligustilide) and five of the active compounds owing FXa inhibitory activity (3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, rosmarinic acid, lithospermic acid, salvianolic acid B and Z-ligustilide). In addition, these active compounds accounted for a large proportion of thrombin/FXa inhibitory activity of NXTs. The binding energy also showed the strong interaction formed by close connection of the compounds to the residues of targets. CONCLUSIONS The proposed integrated stategy could be an efficient strategy to screen potential thrombin/FXa inhibitors for the bioactivity related quanlity control of Chinese patent medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Ze Du
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Shujing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Rui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Ye Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Chenhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yiqi Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Jin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yan-Xu Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
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Liraglutide Ameliorates Cerebral Ischemia in Mice via Antipyroptotic Pathways. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:1904-1916. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03574-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Liu JX, Zheng XY, Zhang YH, Song WT, Chang D. Research progress on the pharmacological mechanisms of chinese medicines that tonify Qi and activate blood against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. WORLD JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/wjtcm.wjtcm_21_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Deng L, Guo Y, Liu J, Chen S, Wang X, Zhao H, Zuo T, Hu Q, Dong Z. Long noncoding RNA ANRIL knockdown attenuates neuroinflammation following ischemic stroke via suppressing the expression of NF-κB in vitro and in vivo. Neurol Res 2021; 43:767-777. [PMID: 34080525 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2021.1934317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increasing evidence suggests that long-noncoding RNAs can exert neuroprotective effects in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Levels of the long noncoding RNA ANRIL (ANRIL) are reportedly altered in ischemic stroke (IS) patients, but its role in IS requires further clarification. This study was designed to explore the mechanistic function of ANRIL in IS. METHODS In vitro, HT22 cells was treated with an oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R). In vivo, brain ischemia/reperfusion was induced by 60-minute transient middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) IS model in C57/BL6 mice. Additionally, cells were transfected with si-ANRIL, pcDNA3.1-ANRIL, pcDNA3.1-NF-κB, or appropriate negative controls, and si-ANRIL and pcDNA3.1-NF-κB were administered into the lateral ventricles in MCAO/R model mice. Cell viability and apoptosis were detected via MTT and flow cytometry assays. mRNA and protein expression of NF-κB were detected via qRT-PCR and Western blotting. IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-a, and iNOS levels were detected via ELISA. In addition, infarcted area and neuronal injury were evaluated via TTC, Nissl, and immunofluorescent staining. RESULTS We found that ANRIL knockdown increased cell viability and reduced apoptosis in vitro. Additionally, we found that ANRIL knockdown decreased p-P65, P65, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-a, and iNOS levels, whereas these effects were reversed by NF-κB overexpression both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION our results suggest that ANRIL knockdown attenuates neuroinflammation by suppressing the expression of NF-κB both in vitro and vivo model of IS, sugguesting that ANRIL might be a potentially viable therapeutictarget to diminish neuroinflammation in IS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Deng
- College of Pharmacology, the Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Library, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Guo
- Department of Radiology, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingdong Liu
- College of Pharmacology, the Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sha Chen
- College of Pharmacology, the Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- College of Pharmacology, the Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongxia Zhao
- College of Pharmacology, the Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tianrui Zuo
- College of Pharmacology, the Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingwen Hu
- College of Pharmacology, the Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhi Dong
- College of Pharmacology, the Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Subedi L, Gaire BP. Tanshinone IIA: A phytochemical as a promising drug candidate for neurodegenerative diseases. Pharmacol Res 2021; 169:105661. [PMID: 33971269 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tanshinones, lipophilic diterpenes isolated from the rhizome of Salvia miltiorrhiza, have diverse pharmacological activities against human ailments including neurological diseases. In fact, tanshinones have been used to treat heart diseases, stroke, and vascular diseases in traditional Chinese medicine. During the last decade, tanshinones have been the most widely studied phytochemicals for their neuroprotective effects against experimental models of cerebral ischemia and Alzheimer's diseases. Importantly, tanshinone IIA, mostly studied tanshinone for biological activities, is recently reported to attenuate blood-brain barrier permeability among stroke patients, suggesting tanshinone IIA as an appealing therapeutic candidate for neurological diseases. Tanshinone I and IIA are also effective in experimental models of Parkinson's disease, Multiple sclerosis, and other neuroinflammatory diseases. In addition, several experimental studies suggested the pleiotropic neuroprotective effects of tanshinones such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and BBB protectant further value aiding to tanshinone as an appealing therapeutic strategy in neurological diseases. Therefore, in this review, we aimed to compile the recent updates and cellular and molecular mechanisms of neuroprotection of tanshinone IIA in diverse neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalita Subedi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Neurology, Shock Trauma and Anesthesiology Research Center, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bhakta Prasad Gaire
- Department of Anesthesiology and Neurology, Shock Trauma and Anesthesiology Research Center, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Wang J, Hu J, Chen X, Lei X, Feng H, Wan F, Tan L. Traditional Chinese Medicine Monomers: Novel Strategy for Endogenous Neural Stem Cells Activation After Stroke. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:628115. [PMID: 33716673 PMCID: PMC7952516 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.628115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapy, which has become a potential regenerative medical treatment and a promising approach for treating brain injuries induced by different types of cerebrovascular disease, has various application methods. Activation of endogenous neural stem cells (NSCs) can enable infarcted neuron replacement and promote neural networks’ regeneration without the technical and ethical issues associated with the transplantation of exogenous stem cells. Thus, NSC activation can be a feasible strategy to treat central nervous system (CNS) injury. The potential molecular mechanisms of drug therapy for the activation of endogenous NSCs have gradually been revealed by researchers. Traditional Chinese medicine monomers (TCMs) are active components extracted from Chinese herbs, and some of them have demonstrated the potential to activate proliferation and neurogenesis of NSCs in CNS diseases. Ginsenoside Rg1, astragaloside IV (AST), icariin (ICA), salvianolic acid B (Sal B), resveratrol (RES), curcumin, artesunate (ART), and ginkgolide B (GB) have positive effects on NSCs via different signaling pathways and molecules, such as the Wingless/integrated/β-catenin (Wnt/β-catenin) signaling pathway, the sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1). This article may provide further motivation for researchers to take advantage of TCMs in studies on CNS injury and stem cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Department of Neurology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xuezhu Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xuejiao Lei
- Department of Neurosurgery and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Hua Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Feng Wan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Liang Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China
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Safdari MR, Shakeri F, Mohammadi A, Bibak B, Alesheikh P, Jamialahmadi T, Sathyapalan T, Sahebkar A. Role of Herbal Medicines in the Management of Brain Injury. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1328:287-305. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-73234-9_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Wang T, Chen H, Xia S, Chen X, Sun H, Xu Z. Ameliorative Effect of Parishin C Against Cerebral Ischemia-Induced Brain Tissue Injury by Reducing Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Responses in Rat Model. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2021; 17:1811-1823. [PMID: 34113111 PMCID: PMC8187103 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s309065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrodia elata Blume (Orchidaceae) is a widely used traditional Chinese herbal medicine in the clinical practice of China, to treat nervous headache, convulsions, dizziness, neurasthenia, and so on. Parishin C (Par C), one of the major bioactive components of Gastrodia elata Blume, is known to exert many different biological activities, including antipsychotic and neuroprotective effects. However, there is little research about its neuroprotective effect in an ischemic stroke model. The objective of the present study is thus to investigate the neuroprotective effects of Par C against cerebral ischemia damage. METHODS Rats were pretreated with Par C (25, 50, or 100 mg/kg/day, i.p.) for 21 days, then subjected to 2 h of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and 22 h of reperfusion. Neurological deficient scores, brain water content, histopathology, TCC staining were performed to assess the neuroprotective effects of Par C. Meanwhile, the oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis-related markers of brain tissue were evaluated by corresponding assay kits. Besides, the antioxidant and pro-inflammatory expression was measured by real-time quantification PCR (RT-qPCR). RESULTS Our findings indicated that the pre-treatment with Par C improved nerve function, suppressed oxidative stress, and pro-inflammatory factors release in rats with cerebral ischemia damage. Besides, Par C significantly increased antioxidant expression and declined pro-inflammatory cytokines expression. CONCLUSION Par C is shown to exert neuroprotective effects partly via inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation in a rat model of MCAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, 570311, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibo Chen
- Department of Blood Transfusion, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, 570311, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyun Xia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Pingdu People's Hospital, Pingdu, Shandong, 266700, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofang Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, 570311, People's Republic of China
| | - Hu Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, 570311, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixin Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, 570311, People's Republic of China
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Tao T, Liu M, Chen M, Luo Y, Wang C, Xu T, Jiang Y, Guo Y, Zhang JH. Natural medicine in neuroprotection for ischemic stroke: Challenges and prospective. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 216:107695. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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He Y, Su W, He X, Chen T, Zeng X, Yan Z, Zhang W, Yang W, Guo J, Wu H. Pharmacokinetics and biotransformation investigation in beagle dog of active compounds from naoxintong capsule. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 133:110940. [PMID: 33227707 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Naoxintong Capsule (NXTC), a standardized herbal medicine, has been widely applied in treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases with remarkable efficacy. However, the efficacy contributing components of NXTC are unclear, and the in vivo absorption and metabolism processes of NXTC remain largely obscured. In this study, using beagle dog as model species, we have identified and tentatively characterized 25 prototype and 15 catabolites of NXTC in beagle dog plasma by ultra-fast liquid chromatography/quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UFLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS). We have proposed the in vivo bio-transformation pathways of these absorbed constituents. In addition, for six crucial components, we have developed a quantitative method and conducted plasma pharmacokinetic study of these six components by rapid resolution liquid chromatography tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (RRLC-QQQ-MS/MS). In conclude, our study provided comprehensive insights into the understanding of the plasma absorbed components profiling of NXTC as well as their in vivo transformation behaviors, which would be of great value for identifying efficacy contributing critical components as well as mechanism related investigations of NXTC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan He
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Su
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang He
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Taobin Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Zeng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zenghao Yan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weijian Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Guangdong Lewwin Pharmaceutical Research Institute Co., Ltd., Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Non-Clinical Evaluation and Research, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Innovative Drug Evaluation and Research, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jianmin Guo
- Guangdong Lewwin Pharmaceutical Research Institute Co., Ltd., Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Non-Clinical Evaluation and Research, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Innovative Drug Evaluation and Research, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Hao Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Nhan NPT, Vu ND, Thanh LV, Phuong TTM, Bach LG, Toan TQ. Instant tea from Condonopsis javanica L. root extract via spray drying. FOODS AND RAW MATERIALS 2020. [DOI: 10.21603/2308-4057-2020-2-385-391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Codonopsis javanica L. root is a gingsen-like medicinal material with valuable bioactive compounds and alkaloids in its composition. However, the diversification of commercial products from Codonopsis javanica root extract is limited and poorly represented on the market. This study presents a new production process of an instant tea product from Codonopsis javanica root extract, which involved spray drying with maltodextrin as a drying additive.
Study objects and methods. The research featured different process parameters including a drying additive concentration, a drying temperature, and a feed flow rate. Moisture content and drying yield were selected as the main outcomes.
Results and discussion. In general, the improved drying yield was associated with an increased drying additive concentration, a lower drying temperature, and a higher feed flow rate. The best drying yield (78.35%) was obtained at the drying additive concentration of 30% (w/w), the drying temperature of 140°C, and the feed flow rate of 300 mL/h. The total saponin content in the product was 0.29% (w/w), and the ABTS free radical scavenging ability reached 59.48 μgAA/g. The obtained powder was spherical and exhibited fairly uniform particle morphology with shriveled and concave outer surface.
Conclusion. The research results justified the use of Codonopsis javanica as an ingredient in beverage industry and suggested maltodextrin as an appropriate substrate for spray-drying natural extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Le Van Thanh
- Center of Research, Application and Service Science and Technology
- Department of Science and Technology
| | - Than Thi Minh Phuong
- Center of Research, Application and Service Science and Technology
- Department of Science and Technology
| | | | - Tran Quoc Toan
- Institute of Natural Products Chemistry
- Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology
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Neuroprotective and Anti-inflammatory Effect of Tangeretin Against Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats. Inflammation 2020; 43:2332-2343. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-020-01303-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Yuan Y, Men W, Shan X, Zhai H, Qiao X, Geng L, Li C. Baicalein exerts neuroprotective effect against ischaemic/reperfusion injury via alteration of NF-kB and LOX and AMPK/Nrf2 pathway. Inflammopharmacology 2020; 28:1327-1341. [DOI: 10.1007/s10787-020-00714-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Xue J, Yu Y, Zhang X, Zhang C, Zhao Y, Liu B, Zhang L, Wang L, Chen R, Gao X, Jiao P, Song G, Jiang XC, Qin S. Sphingomyelin Synthase 2 Inhibition Ameliorates Cerebral Ischemic Reperfusion Injury Through Reducing the Recruitment of Toll-Like Receptor 4 to Lipid Rafts. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 8:e012885. [PMID: 31718447 PMCID: PMC6915272 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.012885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Inflammation is recognized as an important contributor of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) damage after ischemic stroke. Sphingomyelin synthase 2 (SMS2), the key enzyme for the biosynthesis of sphingomyelin, can function as a critical mediator of inflammation. In the present study, we investigated the role of SMS2 in a mouse model of cerebral I/R. Methods and Results Cerebral I/R was induced by 60‐minute transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in SMS2 knockout (SMS2‐/‐) mice and wild‐type mice. Brain injury was determined by neurological deficits and infarct volume at 24 and 72 hours after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. Microglia activation and inflammatory factors were detected by immunofluorescence staining, flow cytometry, western blot, and RT‐PCR. SMS2 deficiency significantly improved neurological function and minimized infarct volume at 72 hours after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. The neuroprotective effects of SMS2 deficiency were associated with (1) suppression of microglia activation through Toll‐like receptor 4/nuclear factor kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells pathway and (2) downregulation of the level of galactin‐3 and other proinflammatory cytokines. The mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of SMS2 deficiency may include altering sphingomyelin components in lipid raft fractions, thus impairing the recruitment of Toll‐like receptor 4 to lipid rafts and subsequently reducing Toll‐like receptor 4/myeloid differentiation factor 2 complex formation on the surface of microglia. Conclusions SMS2 deficiency ameliorated inflammatory injury after cerebral I/R in mice, and SMS2 may be a key modulator of Toll‐like receptor 4/nuclear factor kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells activation by disturbing the membrane component homeostasis during cerebral I/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xue
- Department of Neurology Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang China.,Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease and Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis Shijiazhuang China
| | - Yang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong and Institute of Atherosclerosis Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences Taian China.,Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease and Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis Shijiazhuang China
| | - Xiangjian Zhang
- Department of Neurology Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang China.,Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease and Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis Shijiazhuang China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of Neurology Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang China.,Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease and Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis Shijiazhuang China
| | - Yanan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong and Institute of Atherosclerosis Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences Taian China.,Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease and Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis Shijiazhuang China
| | - Boyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong and Institute of Atherosclerosis Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences Taian China.,Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease and Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis Shijiazhuang China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Department of Neurology Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang China.,Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease and Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis Shijiazhuang China
| | - Lina Wang
- Department of Neurology Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang China.,Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease and Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis Shijiazhuang China
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Neurology Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang China.,Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease and Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis Shijiazhuang China
| | - Xuan Gao
- Department of Neurology Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang China.,Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease and Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis Shijiazhuang China
| | - Peng Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong and Institute of Atherosclerosis Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences Taian China.,Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease and Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis Shijiazhuang China
| | - Guohua Song
- Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong and Institute of Atherosclerosis Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences Taian China.,Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease and Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis Shijiazhuang China
| | - Xian-Cheng Jiang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology SUNY Downstate Medical Center Brooklyn NY
| | - Shucun Qin
- Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong and Institute of Atherosclerosis Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences Taian China.,Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease and Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis Shijiazhuang China
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Effect of Naoxintong Capsules on the Activities of CYP450 and Metabolism of Metoprolol Tartrate in Rats Evaluated by Probe Cocktail and Pharmacokinetic Methods. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:5242605. [PMID: 31662775 PMCID: PMC6778862 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5242605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Naoxintong capsule (NXT), a prescribed Chinese medicine, has been used clinically for more than 20 years and is widely received by patients. We determined five probe drugs, namely, omeprazole (CYP2C19), midazolam (CYP3A4), phenacetin (CYP1A2), tolbutamide (CYP2C9), and dextromethorphan (CYP2D6) to study the potential influences of NXT on the activities of CYP enzymes and assessed the pharmacokinetics effect of NXT on metoprolol tartrate in rat plasma. The study showed that AUC(0–24) and AUC(0–∞) of midazolam (CYP3A4) in NXT coadministration group (283.7 ± 65.2 h·ng·mL−1 and 292.0 ± 75.1 h·ng·mL−1 in group B; 295.7 ± 62.7 h·ng·mL−1 and 299.5 ± 60.0 h·ng·mL−1 in group C) were significantly decreased as compared to another group (416.8 ± 82.3 h·ng·mL−1 and 424.9 ± 77.9 h·ng·mL−1 in group A), while that of dextromethorphan (CYP2D6) showed an opposite tendency (540.7 ± 119.7 h·ng·mL−1 and 595.3 ± 122.2 h·ng·mL−1 in group A, 760.6 ± 184.9 h·ng·mL−1 and 788.7 ± 211.0 h·ng·mL−1 in group B, and 734.3 ± 118.5 h·ng·mL−1 and 757.2 ± 105.4 h·ng·mL−1 in group C). Moreover, NXT preadministration can enhance the metabolism of metoprolol tartrate and reduce the metabolism of O-demethylmetoprolol. The results indicated that NXT had potential effects in inducing CYP3A4 and inhibiting CYP2D6 in the metabolism of metoprolol tartrate. It suggests that patients who coadministered NXT and metoprolol tartrate should be advised of potential herb-drug interactions (HDIs) to reduce therapeutic failure or accelerated toxicity of conventional drug treatment.
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Li L, Liu B. ROCK inhibitor Y‑27632 protects rats against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion‑induced behavioral deficits and hippocampal damage. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:3395-3405. [PMID: 31432130 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemic injury is a major cause of death and long‑term disability worldwide that leads to neurological and behavioral deficits, and for which successful treatments are still lacking. Ras homolog family member A (RhoA) and Rho‑associated coiled‑coil containing protein kinase (ROCK) are associated with the growth of neurons and the movement of neuronal growth cones. RhoA/ROCK inhibitors have been demonstrated to promote the recovery of motor function following nerve injury, but the underlying mechanism requires further investigation. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of the ROCK inhibitor Y‑27632 on middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)‑induced cerebral ischemic injury. Rats were randomly assigned to the Control, Y‑27632, MCAO + Vehicle or MCAO + Y‑27632 group. Firstly, infarct volume, cognitive ability and cerebral injury were assessed. Secondly, indicators of cerebral inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis were evaluated. Finally, the expression of recombinant glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and allograft inflammatory factor 1 (AIF1) in the brain were measured to assess the activation of astrocytes and microglia, respectively. The results showed that Y‑27632 effectively increased the survival rate and behavioral performance of rats, and attenuated the cerebral injury, oxidative stress and cerebral inflammation levels following MCAO. The disturbance in hippocampal neurons caused by MCAO was also alleviated following treatment with Y‑27632. Neuronal apoptosis was also decreased following Y‑27632 treatment, as demonstrated by the TUNEL assay and the expression levels of Caspases‑3, 8 and 9 and Bax/Bcl‑2 ratio. The levels of GFAP and AIF1 were increased by MCAO and further promoted by Y‑27632, indicating the activation of astrocytes and microglia. In conclusion, the present study offered evidence of a protective effect of Y‑27632 administration on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion induced behavioral and hippocampal damage by activating astrocytes and microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihe Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Baodi District People's Hospital, Tianjin 301800, P.R. China
| | - Baoyang Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Baodi District People's Hospital, Tianjin 301800, P.R. China
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A Metabonomics Investigation into the Therapeutic Effects of BuChang NaoXinTong Capsules on Reversing the Amino Acid-Protein Interaction Network of Cerebral Ischemia. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:7258624. [PMID: 31015890 PMCID: PMC6446104 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7258624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Amino acids (AAs) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) play a pivotal role in cerebral ischemia (CI). BuChang NaoXinTong Capsules (BNC) are widely prescribed in Chinese medicine for the treatment of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases. Methods In order to investigate the therapeutic effects and pharmacological mechanisms of BNC on reversing CI from a system level, an amino acid-protein interaction imbalanced network of CI containing metabolites of AAs, key regulatory enzymes, and proteins was constructed for the first time. Furthermore, a novel method for detecting the ten AAs in CSF was developed by UPLC-QQQ-MS in an effort to validate the imbalanced networks and the therapeutic effects of BNC via analysis of metabolites. Results Based on a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rat model, the dynamic levels of amino acids in CSF 3, 6, 12, and 24 h after MCAO were analyzed. Up to 24 h, the accumulated nine AA biomarkers were found to significantly change in the MCAO group compared to the sham group and exhibited an obvious tendency for returning to baseline values after BNC treatment. In addition, based on the imbalanced network of CI, four key enzymes that regulate the generation of BNC-mediated AA biomarkers were selected and validated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blotting. Finally, aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase (AADC) was found to be one of the putative targets for BNC-mediated protection against CI. Conclusion This study provides new strategies to explore the mechanism of cerebral ischemia and help discover the potential mechanism of BNC.
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Peng T, Jiang Y, Farhan M, Lazarovici P, Chen L, Zheng W. Anti-inflammatory Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicines on Preclinical in vivo Models of Brain Ischemia-Reperfusion-Injury: Prospects for Neuroprotective Drug Discovery and Therapy. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:204. [PMID: 30930774 PMCID: PMC6423897 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquired brain ischemia-and reperfusion-injury (IRI), including both Ischemic stroke (IS) and Traumatic Brain injury (TBI), is one of the most common causes of disability and death in adults and represents a major burden in both western and developing countries worldwide. China’s clinical neurological therapeutic experience in the use of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), including TCM-derived active compounds, Chinese herbs, TCM formulations and decoction, in brain IRI diseases indicated a trend of significant improvement in patients’ neurological deficits, calling for blind, placebo-controlled and randomized clinical trials with careful meta-analysis evaluation. There are many TCMs in use for brain IRI therapy in China with significant therapeutic effects in preclinical studies using different brain IRI-animal. The basic hypothesis in this field claims that in order to avoid the toxicity and side effects of the complex TCM formulas, individual isolated and identified compounds that exhibited neuroprotective properties could be used as lead compounds for the development of novel drugs. China’s efforts in promoting TCMs have contributed to an explosive growth of the preclinical research dedicated to the isolation and identification of TCM-derived neuroprotective lead compounds. Tanshinone, is a typical example of TCM-derived lead compounds conferring neuroprotection toward IRI in animals with brain middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) or TBI models. Recent reports show the significance of the inflammatory response accompanying brain IRI. This response appears to contribute to both primary and secondary ischemic pathology, and therefore anti-inflammatory strategies have become popular by targeting pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, other inflammatory mediators, reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, and several transcriptional factors. Here, we review recent selected studies and discuss further considerations for critical reevaluation of the neuroprotection hypothesis of TCMs in IRI therapy. Moreover, we will emphasize several TCM’s mechanisms of action and attempt to address the most promising compounds and the obstacles to be overcome before they will enter the clinic for IRI therapy. We hope that this review will further help in investigations of neuroprotective effects of novel molecular entities isolated from Chinese herbal medicines and will stimulate performance of clinical trials of Chinese herbal medicine-derived drugs in IRI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tangming Peng
- Center of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.,Institute of Translation Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Neurosurgical Clinical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
| | - Yizhou Jiang
- Center of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.,Institute of Translation Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Mohd Farhan
- Center of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.,Institute of Translation Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Philip Lazarovici
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Pharmacy, The Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ligang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Neurosurgical Clinical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
| | - Wenhua Zheng
- Center of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.,Institute of Translation Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
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29
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The cardioprotective properties and the involved mechanisms of NaoXinTong Capsule. Pharmacol Res 2019; 141:409-417. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Systems Pharmacology-Based Approach to Comparatively Study the Independent and Synergistic Mechanisms of Danhong Injection and Naoxintong Capsule in Ischemic Stroke Treatment. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:1056708. [PMID: 30863452 PMCID: PMC6378776 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1056708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
To provide evidence for the better clinical use of traditional Chinese medicine preparations (TCMPs), comparison of the pharmacological mechanisms between TCMPs with similar therapeutic effect is necessary. However, methodology for dealing with this issue is still scarce. Danhong injection (DHI) and Naoxintong capsule (NXT) are representative TCMPs for ischemic stroke (IS) treatment, which are also frequently used in combination. Here they were employed as research objects to demonstrate the feasibility of systems pharmacology approach in elucidation of the independent and combined effect of TCMPs. By incorporating chemical screening, target prediction, and network construction, a feasible systems pharmacology model has been established to systematically uncover the underlying action mechanisms of DHI, NXT, or their pair in IS treatment. Systematic analysis of the created TCMP-Compound-Target-Disease network revealed that DHI and NXT shared common targets such as PTGS2, F2, ADRB1, IL6, ALDH2, and CCL2, which were involved in the vasomotor system regulation, blood-brain barrier disruption, redox imbalance, neurotrophin activity, and brain inflammation. In comparative mechanism study, the merged DHI/NXT-IS PPI network and pathway enrichment analysis indicated that DHI and NXT exerted the therapeutic effects mainly through immune system and VEGF signaling pathways. Meanwhile, they had their own unique pathways, e.g., calcium signaling pathway for DHI and gap junction for NXT. While for their synergistic mechanism, DHI and NXT participated in chemokine signaling pathway, T cell receptor signaling pathway, VEGF signaling pathway, gap junction, and so on. Our study provided an optimized strategy for dissecting the different and combined effect of TCMPs with similar actions.
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Chen L, Zhang L, Fang Z, Li C, Yang Y, You X, Song M, Coffie J, Zhang L, Gao X, Wang H. Naoxintong restores collateral blood flow in a murine model of hindlimb ischemia through PPARδ-dependent mechanism. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 227:121-130. [PMID: 30170078 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Naoxintong (NXT) is a compound preparation that is widely used in patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. AIM OF STUDY The aim of this study is to investigate the protective mechanism of NXT on the mice model of peripheral vascular disease (PAD). MATERIALS AND METHODS In the study, hindlimb ischemia was induced by ligation of femoral artery on the right leg of mice. After surgery, the mice were administrated with saline solution, 10 mg/kg/d simvastatin and 700 mg/kg/d NXT for 4 weeks. The blood flow perfusion was measured by laser Doppler perfusion imaging system. Histological and immunofluorescent staining was used to determine muscle recovery, capillary density, tissue vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), phosphorylated-Akt (p-Akt) and phosphorylated-endothelial nitric oxide synthase (p-eNOS) expression. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferased UTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) was performed to detect the apoptosis of myocytes in hindlimb. The autophagy-associated gene expression and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) expression were measured by Quantitative Real-Time Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). Western blotting was performed to detect the expressions of light-chain 3 (LC3), VEGF, p-Akt, p-eNOS and PPARs. The EMSA experiment was performed to figure out whether PPARδ could directly bind to the predicted PPRE motif of VEGF. RESULTS NXT treatment significantly accelerated perfusion recovery and reduced tissue injury in mice muscle. Apoptosis and autophagy were decreased within the ischemic muscle of NXT-treated mice. Quantification of vessels in hindlimb muscles provided evidences that NXT promoted angiogenesis in peripheral ischemia. In addition, results from western blotting and immunofluorescent staining suggested NXT induced angiogenesis via VEGF/Akt/eNOS signaling pathway. More interestingly, NXT specifically increased the expression of PPARδ in both mRNA and protein levels. EMSA results showed that PPARδ associated with PPRE site of VEGF promoter, suggesting that NXT-induced VEGF expression is mediated, at least in part, by PPARδ. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the present study implicated that the restoration of hindlimb blood perfusion and recovery of limb functions were improved in NXT-treated mice with significant improvement of angiogenesis mediated by PPARδ-VEGF-Akt-eNOS axis as well as attenuation of autophagy and apoptosis. These results expand knowledge about the beneficial effects of NXT in angiogenesis and blood flow recovery. It might provide insight into the PPARδ regulating neovascularization in hindlimb ischemia and identify NXT as a potent new compound used for the treatment of peripheral vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Chen
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Lusha Zhang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Zhirui Fang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Chunxiao Li
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Xingyu You
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Min Song
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Joel Coffie
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Liyuan Zhang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Xiumei Gao
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Hong Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
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The Effect of Naoxintong Capsule in the Treatment of Patients with Cerebral Infarction and Carotid Atherosclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:5892306. [PMID: 30140296 PMCID: PMC6081578 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5892306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective Naoxintong capsule (NXT) has been widely used to treat patients with cerebral infarction and carotid atherosclerosis. However, it is uncertain whether there is robust evidence on the effects of NXT for cerebral infarction and carotid atherosclerosis. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials were performed to assess the efficacy of NXT in the treatment of cerebral infarction and carotid atherosclerosis. Methods The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, the Medline database, the Wanfang database, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and the VIP database were searched up to January 2018 with no language restrictions. Study selection, data extraction, quality assessment, and data analyses were performed according to the Cochrane standards. Results Eleven studies (N=1141) in total satisfied the inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis. The results of meta-analysis showed that compared with the conventional therapy alone, NXT combined with conventional therapy could significantly improve national institutes of health stroke scale (NIHSS) score (MD= -3.92, 95%CI: -4.31~-3.52, P<0.00001), plaque area (MD= -0.16, 95%CI: -0.20~-0.13, P<0.00001), carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) (MD= -0.23, 95%CI: -0.26~-0.20, P<0.00001), total cholesterol (TC) (MD= -0.16, 95%CI: -0.79~-0.42, P<0.00001), triglyceride (TG) (MD= -0.69, 95%CI: -0.88~-0.51, P<0.00001), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (MD= 0.23, 95%CI: 0.15~0.31, P<0.00001), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (MD= -0.42, 95%CI: -0.58~-0.25, P<0.00001). There were no reported adverse events in the studies. Conclusions NXT is an effective and safe therapy option for patients with cerebral infarction and carotid atherosclerosis. However, due to the high clinical heterogeneity and small sample size of the included trials, further standardized preparation, large-scale and rigorously designed trials are needed.
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Zhang JX, Guo JM, Lin HJ, Zhang TT, Li ZG, Zhou JC, Zhang ZZ. Neuroprotective effects of Yiqihuoxue calm wind capsule on ischemic stroke in rats. Chin J Nat Med 2018; 15:758-765. [PMID: 29103461 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(17)30107-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Stroke remains the third leading cause of death and of adult disability worldwide. Vascular occlusion, followed by ischemic cascade, leads to irreversible tissue injury. Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator is the only FDA approved drug for the current treatment of acute ischemic stroke. However, traditional Chinese medicine has a long history and rich clinical experience in the treatment and rehabilitation of ischemic stroke. Using a classical middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) stroke model, we tested the effectiveness of Yiqihuoxue calm wind (YCW) capsule on neurological function, gross pathology and oxidative stress status in MCAO rats. YCW capsule (3.36 and 6.72 g·kg-1 of crude drug) could significantly lower Longa's score and superoxide dismutase (SOD) level, together with less necrotic cells and infarcted area. In addition to elevated MDA and downregulated iNOS expression, YCW capsule exhibited its neuroprotective effects via free radical scavenging and NO inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Xia Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Department of Pharmacology, Henan Provincial Institute of Food and Drug Control, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Jiao-Mei Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, Henan Provincial Institute of Food and Drug Control, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Hong-Jun Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Henan Provincial Institute of Food and Drug Control, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Ting-Ting Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Henan Provincial Institute of Food and Drug Control, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Zhen-Guo Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Henan Provincial Institute of Food and Drug Control, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Ji-Chun Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Henan Provincial Institute of Food and Drug Control, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Zhen-Zhong Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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Long-tao L. Chinese Experts Consensus on Clinical Application of Naoxintong Capsule (脑心通胶囊). Chin J Integr Med 2018; 24:232-236. [DOI: 10.1007/s11655-018-2981-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Wan J, Wan H, Yang R, Wan H, Yang J, He Y, Zhou H. Protective effect of Danhong Injection combined with Naoxintong Capsule on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 211:348-357. [PMID: 28986333 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Danhong Injection (DHI) and Naoxintong Capsule (NXT) are renowned traditional Chinese medicine in China. The drug combination of DHI and NXT is frequently applied for the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in clinic. However, there had been no pharmacological experiment studies of interaction between DHI and NXT. Due to the drug interactions, exploring their interaction profile is of great importance. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study, focal cerebral I/R injury in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were induced by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) for 1h followed by reperfusion. Rats were divided into 5 groups: sham group, ischemia reperfusion untreated group (IRU), DHI group (DHI 10mL/kg/d), NXT group (NXT 0.5g/kg/d), DHI plus NXT group (DHI-NXT, DHI 10mL/kg/d plus NXT 0.5g/kg/d). All drug-treated groups were respectively successive administrated for 7 days after ischemia/ reperfusion (I/R) injury. The effects on rat neurological function were estimated by neurological defect scores. Brain infarct volumes were determined based on 2, 3, 5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. Pathological changes in brain tissues were observed using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Levels of nitric oxide (NO), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in serum were determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Immunohisto-chemistry and Western blot were used to detect the expressions of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), von Willebrand factor-microvessel vascular density (vWF-MVD), vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), angiogenin-1 (Ang-1), angiogenin-2 (Ang-2) and platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) at day 7 after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. RESULTS Compared with IRU group and mono-therapy group (DHI group or NXT group), Danhong Injection combined with Naoxintong Capsule (DHI-NXT) group significantly ameliorated neurological deficits scores, infarct volume and pathological change, significantly decreased the overexpression of NO and the level of Ang-1, significantly increased the expressions of VEGF, Ang-2, G-CSF, GM-CSF, bFGF, PDGF, vWF, TGF-β1. CONCLUSION The protective benefits on rat brain against I/R injury were clearly produced when DHI and NXT were used in combination, which provided rational guidance for clinical combined application of DHI and NXT, and this protection maybe associated with the up-regulation expressions of the related chemokines and growth factors of angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayang Wan
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Haofang Wan
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Rongbin Yang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Haitong Wan
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Jiehong Yang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Yu He
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Huifen Zhou
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
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Cao L, Miao M, Qiao J, Bai M, Li R. The protective role of verbenalin in rat model of focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion. Saudi J Biol Sci 2017; 25:1170-1177. [PMID: 30174518 PMCID: PMC6117236 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the protective mechanism of verbenalin on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Middle cerebral artery occlusion in the left hemisphere was induced in rats by filament insertion, and rat model of focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion was established. The high, medium and low dose of verbenalin groups were injected in the tail vein of corresponding drugs 10 min before reperfusion, and submitted for 22 h of reperfusion after the operation. Mortality rate was then calculated, and neurological deficits of rats were scored. The serum of rats was got to determine the S-100β protein level, and the brain tissue was removed to determine the levels of Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3 and ATPase. TTC staining was performed on the brain tissue to calculate the percentage of cerebral infarct size. Changes in brain tissue morphology were observed. Rat model of focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion was successfully replicated. In groups that have taken different doses of verbenalin, the mortality rate, neurological deficit score and the percentage of cerebral infarction size were significantly reduced, and the levels of Bax, Caspase-3, S-100β level of the serum in the brain tissue were also significantly reduced. Increases in the levels of Bcl-2 and ATPase in brain tissue and improvement of pathological damage of hippocampus and cortex were observed. Verbenalin can inhibit the expression of apoptosis genes, promote the expression of anti-apoptosis genes, improve brain microcirculation and energy metabolism, hence reducing cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, Henan University of TCM, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Mingsan Miao
- Department of Pharmacology, Henan University of TCM, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Jingyi Qiao
- Department of Pharmacology, Henan University of TCM, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Ming Bai
- Department of Pharmacology, Henan University of TCM, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Ruiqi Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Henan University of TCM, Zhengzhou 450046, China
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Ying HZ, Chen Q, Zhang WY, Zhang HH, Ma Y, Zhang SZ, Fang J, Yu CH. PDGF signaling pathway in hepatic fibrosis pathogenesis and therapeutics (Review). Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:7879-7889. [PMID: 28983598 PMCID: PMC5779870 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The platelet‑derived growth factor (PDFG) signaling pathway exerts persistent activation in response to a variety of stimuli and facilitates the progression of hepatic fibrosis. Since this pathway modulates a broad spectrum of cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, inflammation and carcinogenesis, it has emerged as a therapeutic target for hepatic fibrosis and liver‑associated disorders. The present review exhibits the current knowledge of the role of the PDGF signaling pathway and its pathological profiles in hepatic fibrosis, and assesses the potential of inhibitors which have been investigated in the experimental hepatic fibrosis model, in addition to the clinical challenges associated with these inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Zhong Ying
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, P.R. China
| | - Qin Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Wen-You Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, P.R. China
| | - Huan-Huan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, P.R. China
| | - Yue Ma
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, P.R. China
| | - Song-Zhao Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Jie Fang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, P.R. China
| | - Chen-Huan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, P.R. China
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Chu H, Huang C, Gao Z, Dong J, Tang Y, Dong Q. Reduction of Ischemic Brain Edema by Combined use of Paeoniflorin and Astragaloside IV via Down-Regulating Connexin 43. Phytother Res 2017; 31:1410-1418. [PMID: 28752625 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Paeoniflorin (PF) and astragaloside IV (AS-IV) have protective effects on cerebral ischemia. We aimed to test the effects of combined use of PF and AS-IV on ischemic brain edema and investigate whether the effects were dependent on connexin43 (Cx43). We detected the expression of Cx43 induced by PF and AS-IV after cerebral ischemia. We also examined the effects of combined use of PF and AS-IV on ischemic edema and further investigated the related pathways. We demonstrated PF and AS-IV decreased Cx43 and aquaporin4 (AQP4) associating with reduction of brain edema by dry-wet weight and brain-specific gravity methods after cerebral ischemia. Administration of PF and AS-IV displayed a further attenuation of brain edema with lower Cx43 levels. Meanwhile, Cx43 blockade inhibited AQP4 down-regulation by the two drugs. Moreover, phosphorylation of C-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) were increased by PF and AS-IV, respectively. The effects of PF and AS-IV to down-regulate Cx43 were suppressed by JNK and ERK inhibitors, respectively. Our data indicate that PF and AS-IV alleviate ischemic brain edema, which has close relation to Cx43 down-regulation causing decrease of AQP4 via JNK and ERK pathways activation, respectively. Combined administration elicits synergistic effects on brain edema reduction. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heling Chu
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, No.12 Mid. Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Chuyi Huang
- Department of Neurology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No. 1111 Xianxia Road, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Zidan Gao
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, No.12 Mid. Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jing Dong
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, No.12 Mid. Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yuping Tang
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, No.12 Mid. Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Qiang Dong
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, No.12 Mid. Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
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Miao M, Cao L, Li R, Fang X, Miao Y. Protective effect of chlorogenic acid on the focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion rat models. Saudi Pharm J 2017; 25:556-563. [PMID: 28579891 PMCID: PMC5447441 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2017.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of the study was to investigate the protective characteristic of chlorogenic acid, a natural glucosyl xanthone found in Lonicera Japonica on the cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury and the underlying mechanism. Methods Focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion model was built by blocking the left middle cerebral artery in rats by using the suture-occluded method. Before operation, the corresponding drugs were given for each group once a day for 7 days. After 1 h of final administration, the model was built, after operation, reperfusion was conducted for 22 h, Before the reperfusion 10 min tail vein injection of large, medium and small dose of chlorogenic acid and then mortality was calculated, and Neurological deficit score (NDS) was conducted, and serum was collected to measure the NSE level; a 2 mm thick brain slice located at the intersection of optic nerves was collected for TTC staining, and the percentage of cerebral infarction area was calculated; brain homogenate was collected to measure the ICAM-1, VCAM-1, EPO and HIF-1α levels in brain tissue of cerebral ischemia reperfusion rat models; NGF was detected using immunohistochemical method; the morphological changes in brain tissue was observed with HE staining. Results All focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion rat models were duplicated successfully. Every chlorogenic acid group with different dosage can significantly reduce the mortality, NDS and cerebral infarction area of rats, and significantly increase the EPO, HIF-1α and NGF levels in brain tissue; significantly improve the pathological lesions of hippocampus and cortex in brain tissue. Conclusion The results showed that chlorogenic acid could protect the focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury rat models by adjusting the inflammatory factor, hypoxia factor and nerve growth factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingsan Miao
- Department of Pharmacology, Henan University of TCM, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Lihua Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, Henan University of TCM, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Ruiqi Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Henan University of TCM, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xiaoyan Fang
- Department of Pharmacology, Henan University of TCM, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yanyan Miao
- Department of Pharmacology, Henan University of TCM, Zhengzhou 450046, China
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Han JY, Li Q, Ma ZZ, Fan JY. Effects and mechanisms of compound Chinese medicine and major ingredients on microcirculatory dysfunction and organ injury induced by ischemia/reperfusion. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 177:146-173. [PMID: 28322971 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Microcirculation dysfunction and organ injury after ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) result from a complex pathologic process consisting of multiple links, with metabolism impairment in the ischemia phase and oxidative stress in the reperfusion phase as initiators, and any treatment targeting a single link is insufficient to cope with this. Compound Chinese medicine (CCM) has been applied in clinics in China and some Asian nations for >2000years. Studies over the past decades revealed the protective and therapeutic effect of CCMs and major ingredients on I/R-induced microcirculatory dysfunction and tissue injury in the heart, brain, liver, intestine, and so on. CCM contains diverse bioactive components with potential for energy metabolism regulation; antioxidant effect; inhibiting inflammatory cytokines release; adhesion molecule expression in leukocyte, platelet, and vascular endothelial cells; and the protection of thrombosis, albumin leakage, and mast cell degranulation. This review covers the major works with respect to the effects and underlying mechanisms of CCM and its ingredients on microcirculatory dysfunction and organ injury after I/R, providing novel ideas for dealing with this threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yan Han
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Microvascular Institute of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Quan Li
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Microvascular Institute of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Zhong Ma
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jing-Yu Fan
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Microvascular Institute of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China
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Zhang H, Lai Q, Li Y, Liu Y, Yang M. Learning and memory improvement and neuroprotection of Gardenia jasminoides (Fructus gardenia) extract on ischemic brain injury rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 196:225-235. [PMID: 27940085 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Gardenia jasminoides Ellis is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) that containing a variety of effective active ingredients and exhibits diverse pharmacological functions, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and nerve protection. AIM OF THE STUDY This study investigated the effect of Gardenia jasminoides extract (GJE) and Geniposide on learning and memory improvement and neuroprotection in a rat model with chronic cerebral ischemia, as well as explore the underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS The crude GJE was prepared using the methods of water extraction and alcohol precipitation, and refined by macroporous adsorption resin. The chronic cerebral ischemia model was simulated by permanent occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries in rats. GJE was taken at three doses groups (150mg/kg, 100mg/kg, 50mg/kg), Geniposide group (50mg/kg), and oral administration for 30 days. Memory function was assessed using Morris water maze test. The morphological changes of hippocampus and related parts of brain in rats by Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE) staining were observed. Moreover, the levels of Acetylcholin Esterase (AchE), Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS), Malondialdehyde (MDA), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) in the brain tissue were quantified. RESULTS GJE contained 27% gardenoside and 72% total iridoid glycoside. The chronic cerebral ischemia rat model has been proved successfully. The memory function of the rats assessed using Morris water maze test showed that GJE significantly shortened the escape latency of rats, but had no significant improvement on the number of times crossing the platform and the percentage of time spent in the target quadrant. HE staining showed that the apoptosis and necrosis of the cortex and hippocampus in the GJE group were significantly reduced. In addition, it was found that GJE could significantly improved the content of SOD, inhibited NOS and AchE activity in brain tissue, but did not show a significant reduction in the content of MDA. The effect of medium dosage of GJE was the best among these three dose groups and also better than Geniposide according to the results of all the detection index. CONCLUSIONS GJE had the functions of learning and memory improvement and the neuroprotection on chronic cerebral ischemia model rats. The mechanisms were found to be strongly correlated with antioxygen free radical, reduction of NO toxicity and AChE activity, and brain neuron protective effect. GJE could be able to play a better effect on improving chronic cerebral ischemia than Geniposide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of TCM, Nanchang 330004, China.
| | - Qiong Lai
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of TCM, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Yan Li
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of TCM, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of TCM, Nanchang 330004, China; Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu 610075, China
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