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Zhang X, Xue Q, Zhao J, Zhang H, Dong J, Cao J, Wang Y, Liu Y, Cheng G. Chemical Constituents, Hypolipidemic, and Hypoglycemic Activities of Edgeworthia gardneri Flowers. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 79:440-450. [PMID: 38441843 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-024-01154-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
The flowers of Edgeworthia gardneri are used as herbal tea and medicine to treat various metabolic diseases including hyperglycemia, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. This paper investigate the chemical constituents and biological activities of ethanolic extract and its different fractions from E. gardneri flowers. Firstly, the E. gardneri flowers was extracted by ethanol-aqueous solution to obtain crude extract (CE), which was subsequently fractionated by different polar organic solution to yield precipitated crystal (PC), dichloromethane (DCF), ethyl acetate (EAF), n-butanol (n-BuF), and residue water (RWF) fractions. UHPLC-ESI-HRMS/MS analysis resulted in the identification of 25 compounds, and the main compounds were flavonoids and coumarins. The precipitated crystal fraction showed the highest phenolic and flavonoid contents with 344.4 ± 3.38 mg GAE/g extract and 305.86 ± 0.87 mg RE/g extract. The EAF had the strongest antioxidant capacity and inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase with IC50 values of 126.459 ± 7.82 and 23.16 ± 0.79 µg/mL. Besides, both PC and EAF significantly regulated the glucose and lipid metabolism disorders by increasing glucose consumption and reducing TG levels in HepG2 cells. Molecular docking results suggested that kaempferol-3-O-glucoside and tiliroside had good binding ability with enzymes, indicating that they may be potential α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase inhibitors. Therefore, the E. gardneri flowers could be served as a bioactive agent for the regulation of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhang
- The Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Qingwang Xue
- Department of Chemistry, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China
| | - Jinghao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission and Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Hongbin Zhang
- The Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Jiahong Dong
- The Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Jianxin Cao
- The Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yudan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission and Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yaping Liu
- The Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Guiguang Cheng
- The Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
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Lang X, Zhong C, Su L, Qin M, Xie Y, Shan D, Cui Y, Shi M, Li M, Quan H, Qiu L, Zhong G, Yu J. Edgeworthia gardneri (Wall.) Meisn. Ethanolic Extract Attenuates Endothelial Activation and Alleviates Cardiac Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Molecules 2024; 29:1068. [PMID: 38474581 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29051068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Endothelial pro-inflammatory activation is pivotal in cardiac ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury pathophysiology. The dried flower bud of Edgeworthia gardneri (Wall.) Meisn. (EG) is a commonly utilized traditional Tibetan medicine. However, its role in regulating endothelium activation and cardiac I/R injury has not been investigated. Herein, we showed that the administration of EG ethanolic extract exhibited a potent therapeutic efficacy in ameliorating cardiac endothelial inflammation (p < 0.05) and thereby protecting against myocardial I/R injury in rats (p < 0.001). In line with the in vivo findings, the EG extract suppressed endothelial pro-inflammatory activation in vitro by downregulating the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators (p < 0.05) and diminishing monocytes' firm adhesion to endothelial cells (ECs) (p < 0.01). Mechanistically, we showed that EG extract inhibited the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways to attenuate EC-mediated inflammation (p < 0.05). Collectively, for the first time, this study demonstrated the therapeutic potential of EG ethanolic extract in alleviating I/R-induced inflammation and the resulting cardiac injury through its inhibitory role in regulating endothelium activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoya Lang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Chao Zhong
- Center for Translational Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Lingqing Su
- Center for Translational Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Manman Qin
- Center for Translational Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Yanfei Xie
- Center for Translational Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Dan Shan
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Yaru Cui
- Center for Translational Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Min Shi
- Center for Translational Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Min Li
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Hexiu Quan
- Center for Translational Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Liang Qiu
- Center for Translational Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Guoyue Zhong
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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Tang L, Kuang C, Shan D, Shi M, Li J, Qiu L, Yu J. The ethanol extract of Edgeworthia gardneri (Wall.) Meisn attenuates macrophage foam cell formation and atherogenesis in ApoE -/- mice. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1023438. [PMID: 36505350 PMCID: PMC9729707 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1023438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. The Edgeworthia gardneri (Wall.) Meisn is a Tibetan medicine commonly used to prepare herbal tea to alleviate the local people's metabolic diseases. However, the anti-atherosclerotic effect of ethanol extract of the flower of E. gardneri (Wall.) Meisn (EEEG) and its underlying mechanism remain unknown. Methods EEEG was used to treat low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced macrophages to detect macrophage foaminess, cholesterol binding and uptake, and lipid transport-related gene expression. eEEG treated ApoE-/- mice fed a high-fat diet for 16 weeks to detect atherosclerotic plaque area, macrophage infiltration, and liver and small intestine lipid transport-related gene expression. Results EEEG inhibited macrophage-derived foam cell formation induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) by reducing CD36-mediated lipoprotein uptake. EEEG significantly alleviated atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice fed a high-fat diet for 16 weeks. EEEG treatment significantly decreased atherosclerotic plaque area, macrophage infiltration, and increased collagen content. Moreover, EEEG treatment significantly downregulated mRNA expression of hepatic Srb1 and intestinal Npc1l1 and increased expression of hepatic Cyp7a1. Conclusion Our study highlighted that EEEG played a role in attenuating atherosclerotic plaque formation by reducing macrophage foam cell formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Tang
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China,Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Vascular Remodeling Diseases, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Cuifang Kuang
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China,Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Vascular Remodeling Diseases, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Dan Shan
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China,Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Vascular Remodeling Diseases, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China,Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and Centre for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Min Shi
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China,Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Vascular Remodeling Diseases, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiangsheng Li
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China,Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Vascular Remodeling Diseases, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Liang Qiu
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China,Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Vascular Remodeling Diseases, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China,*Correspondence: Liang Qiu
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and Centre for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States,Jun Yu
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Supercritical fluid extraction as a suitable technology to recover bioactive compounds from flowers. J Supercrit Fluids 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2022.105652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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5
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Faisal Z, Saeed F, Afzaal M, Akram N, Shah YA, Islam F, Ateeq H. Phytochemical profile and food applications of edible flowers: a comprehensive treatise. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.17061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zargham Faisal
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan Pakistan
| | - Farhan Saeed
- Department of Food Science Government College University Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Afzaal
- Department of Food Science Government College University Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Noor Akram
- Department of Human Nutrition Government College University Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Yasir Abbas Shah
- Department of Food Science Government College University Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Fakhar Islam
- Department of Food Science Government College University Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Huda Ateeq
- Department of Food Science Government College University Faisalabad Pakistan
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6
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Liu Z, Qu CY, Li JX, Wang YF, Li W, Wang CZ, Wang DS, Song J, Sun GZ, Yuan CS. Hypoglycemic and Hypolipidemic Effects of Malonyl Ginsenosides from American Ginseng ( Panax quinquefolius L.) on Type 2 Diabetic Mice. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:33652-33664. [PMID: 34926913 PMCID: PMC8675029 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) is popularly consumed as traditional herbal medicine and health food for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Malonyl ginsenosides (MGR) are the main natural ginsenosides in American ginseng. However, whether the malonyl ginsenosides in P. quinquefolius (PQ-MGR) possess antidiabetic effects has not been explored yet. In this study, the antidiabetic effects and the underlying mechanism of PQ-MGR in high-fat diet/streptozotocin (HFD/STZ)-induced T2DM mice were investigated. The chemical composition was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS). Our results showed that 14 malonyl ginsenosides were identified in the PQ-MGR. Among them, the content of m-Rb1 represented about 77.4% of the total malonyl ginsenosides. After a 5-week experiment, the PQ-MGR significantly reduced the fasting blood glucose (FBG), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA), alanine transaminase (ALT), and aspartate transaminase (AST) levels and improved glucose tolerance and insulin resistance. Furthermore, Western blot analysis demonstrated that the protein expressions of p-PI3K, p-AKT, p-AMPK, p-ACC, PPARγ, and GLUT4 in the liver and skeletal muscle were significantly upregulated after PQ-MGR treatment. In contrast, the protein expressions of p-IRS1 and p-JNK were significantly downregulated. Our results revealed that PQ-MGR could ameliorate glucose and lipid metabolism and insulin resistance in T2DM via regulation of the insulin receptor substrate-1/phosphoinositide3-kinase/protein-kinase B (IRS1/PI3K/Akt) and AMP-activated protein kinase/acetyl-CoA carboxylase (AMPK/ACC) pathways. These findings suggest that PQ-MGR may be used as an antidiabetic candidate drug for T2DM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Liu
- College
of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural
University, Changchun 130118, China
- Institute
of Agricultural Modernization, Jilin Agricultural
University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Chun-Yuan Qu
- College
of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural
University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jia-Xin Li
- College
of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural
University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yan-Fang Wang
- College
of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural
University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Wei Li
- College
of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural
University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Chong-Zhi Wang
- Tang
Center for Herbal Medicine Research and The Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Dong-Sheng Wang
- College
of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural
University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jia Song
- College
of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural
University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Guang-Zhi Sun
- Institute
of Agricultural Modernization, Jilin Agricultural
University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Chun-Su Yuan
- Tang
Center for Herbal Medicine Research and The Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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Rivas-García L, Navarro-Hortal MD, Romero-Márquez JM, Forbes-Hernández TY, Varela-López A, Llopis J, Sánchez-González C, Quiles JL. Edible flowers as a health promoter: An evidence-based review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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8
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Fakhri S, Tomas M, Capanoglu E, Hussain Y, Abbaszadeh F, Lu B, Hu X, Wu J, Zou L, Smeriglio A, Simal-Gandara J, Cao H, Xiao J, Khan H. Antioxidant and anticancer potentials of edible flowers: where do we stand? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:8589-8645. [PMID: 34096420 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1931022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Edible flowers are attracting special therapeutic attention and their administration is on the rise. Edible flowers play pivotal modulatory roles on oxidative stress and related interconnected apoptotic/inflammatory pathways toward the treatment of cancer. In this review, we highlighted the phytochemical content and therapeutic applications of edible flowers, as well as their modulatory potential on the oxidative stress pathways and apoptotic/inflammatory mediators, resulting in anticancer effects. Edible flowers are promising sources of phytochemicals (e.g., phenolic compounds, carotenoids, terpenoids) with several therapeutic effects. They possess anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-microbial, anti-depressant, anxiolytic, anti-obesity, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective effects. Edible flowers potentially modulate oxidative stress by targeting erythroid nuclear transcription factor-2/extracellular signal-regulated kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase (Nrf2/ERK/MAPK), reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant response elements (AREs). As the interconnected pathways to oxidative stress, inflammatory mediators, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), interleukins (ILs) as well as apoptotic pathways such as Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), Bcl-2, caspase and cytochrome C are critical targets of edible flowers in combating cancer. In this regard, edible flowers could play promising anticancer effects by targeting oxidative stress and downstream dysregulated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Merve Tomas
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esra Capanoglu
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yaseen Hussain
- Control release drug delivery system, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fatemeh Abbaszadeh
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Baiyi Lu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolan Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Research of Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Jianlin Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Research of Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Liang Zou
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Antonella Smeriglio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo -Ourense Campus, Ourense, Spain
| | - Hui Cao
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo -Ourense Campus, Ourense, Spain
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo -Ourense Campus, Ourense, Spain.,Institute of Food Safety & Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
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Yin X, Wang M, Xia Z. In vitro evaluation of intestinal absorption of tiliroside from Edgeworthia gardneri (Wall.) Meisn. Xenobiotica 2021; 51:728-736. [PMID: 33874851 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2021.1904304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Although Edgeworthia gardneri (Wall.) Meisn and its main component tiliroside (TIL) show good bioactivity, its intestinal absorption data supporting its low bioavailability have not been reported.The evaluation results of three absorption models in vitro and in vivo indicated that the results of the Ussing chamber model were basically consistent with the results of in vivo experiments. It was thus applied to investigate the characteristics of TIL across various intestinal regions and the interaction between TIL and adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette family proteins (ABC) including, P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2), and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP).The data of the bi-directional transport showed that the ileum had the higher apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) of TIL than duodenum and jejunum, suggesting the best absorption of TIL in the ileum.In the presence of the MRP2 inhibitor, the absorption of TIL from water extracts of E. gardneri (Wall.) Meisn (WAE) was improved, indicating that MRP2 other than P-gp and BCRP affected the absorption of TIL and might be responsible for its low bioavailability. This study laid the foundation for enhancing the bioavailability of TIL and highlighted the influences of efflux transporters on bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongwei Yin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhining Xia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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Yu HS, Kim WJ, Bae WY, Lee NK, Paik HD. Inula britannica Inhibits Adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes via Modulation of Mitotic Clonal Expansion Involving ERK 1/2 and Akt Signaling Pathways. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3037. [PMID: 33023055 PMCID: PMC7599673 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The flower of Inula britannica contains various phenolic compounds with prophylactic properties. This study aimed to determine the anti-adipogenic effect of an I. britannica flower aqueous extract (IAE) and its underlying mechanisms in the 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and to identify the phenolic compounds in the extract. Treatment with IAE inhibited the adipogenesis by showing a dose-dependent suppressed intracellular lipid accumulation and mitigated expression levels of lipogenesis- and adipogenesis-associated biomarkers including transcription factors. IAE exerted an anti-adipogenic effect through the modulation of the early phases of adipogenesis including mitotic clonal expansion (MCE). Treatment with IAE inhibited MCE by arresting the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase and suppressing the activation of MCE-related transcription factors. Furthermore, IAE inhibited adipogenesis by regulating the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and Akt signaling pathways. Protocatechuic acid, chlorogenic acid, kaempferol-3-O-glucoside, and 6-methoxyluteolin, which are reported to exhibit anti-adipogenic properties, were detected in IAE. Therefore, modulation of early phases of adipogenesis, especially MCE, is a key mechanism underlying the anti-adipogenic activity of IAE. In summary, the anti-obesity effects of IAE can be attributed to its phenolic compounds, and hence, IAE can be used for the development of anti-obesity products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hyun-Dong Paik
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (H.-S.Y.); (W.-J.K.); (W.-Y.B.); (N.-K.L.)
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11
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An update on the health benefits promoted by edible flowers and involved mechanisms. Food Chem 2020; 340:127940. [PMID: 32889216 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this review is to provide new findings on health effects of edible flowers since 2015. The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, anti-diabetic, anti-osteoporosis, anti-obesity, and anti-hypertensive have been reviewed, and the effective concentrations of flower extracts have been summarized. Among all the health benefits mentioned, anti-osteoporosis, anti-obesity, and anti-hypertensive have rarely been mentioned before 2015. Some health benefits mechanisms of edible flowers were discussed frequently after 2015. Some newly found phytochemicals such as polysaccharides were shown to be beneficial to human health. Species of Rosa, Chrysanthemum, and Osmanthus have been reported to exert different health effects on human. For the toxicity studies, the safe level of flower extracts in cell and animal models were at hundreds of parts per million (ppm) level. In consideration of health promoting effects and toxicities of edible flowers, they could serve as potential natural health products for different health benefits.
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12
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In Silico Identification of Potential Natural Product Inhibitors of Human Proteases Key to SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25173822. [PMID: 32842606 PMCID: PMC7504347 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Presently, there are no approved drugs or vaccines to treat COVID-19, which has spread to over 200 countries and at the time of writing was responsible for over 650,000 deaths worldwide. Recent studies have shown that two human proteases, TMPRSS2 and cathepsin L, play a key role in host cell entry of SARS-CoV-2. Importantly, inhibitors of these proteases were shown to block SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here, we perform virtual screening of 14,011 phytochemicals produced by Indian medicinal plants to identify natural product inhibitors of TMPRSS2 and cathepsin L. AutoDock Vina was used to perform molecular docking of phytochemicals against TMPRSS2 and cathepsin L. Potential phytochemical inhibitors were filtered by comparing their docked binding energies with those of known inhibitors of TMPRSS2 and cathepsin L. Further, the ligand binding site residues and non-covalent interactions between protein and ligand were used as an additional filter to identify phytochemical inhibitors that either bind to or form interactions with residues important for the specificity of the target proteases. This led to the identification of 96 inhibitors of TMPRSS2 and 9 inhibitors of cathepsin L among phytochemicals of Indian medicinal plants. Further, we have performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to analyze the stability of the protein-ligand complexes for the three top inhibitors of TMPRSS2 namely, qingdainone, edgeworoside C and adlumidine, and of cathepsin L namely, ararobinol, (+)-oxoturkiyenine and 3α,17α-cinchophylline. Interestingly, several herbal sources of identified phytochemical inhibitors have antiviral or anti-inflammatory use in traditional medicine. Further in vitro and in vivo testing is needed before clinical trials of the promising phytochemical inhibitors identified here.
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Zhang Y, Yan LS, Ding Y, Cheng BCY, Luo G, Kong J, Liu TH, Zhang SF. Edgeworthia gardneri (Wall.) Meisn. Water Extract Ameliorates Palmitate Induced Insulin Resistance by Regulating IRS1/GSK3β/FoxO1 Signaling Pathway in Human HepG2 Hepatocytes. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1666. [PMID: 32082162 PMCID: PMC7002394 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The flower of Edgeworthia gardneri (Wall.) Meisn is commonly used in beverage products in Tibet and has potential health benefits for diabetes. However, the mechanisms underlying anti-insulin resistance (IR) action of the flower of E. gardneri are not fully understood. This study aims to investigate the effects of the water extract of the flower of E. gardneri (WEE) on IR in palmitate (PA)-exposed HepG2 hepatocytes. WEE was characterized by UPLC analysis. PA-treated HepG2 cells were selected as the IR cell model. The cell viability was determined using MTT assay. Moreover, the glucose consumption and production were measured by glucose oxidase method. The glucose uptake and glycogen content were determined by the 2-NBDG (2-deoxy-2-[(7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl) amino]-D-glucose) glucose uptake assay and anthrone-sulfuric acid assay, respectively. The intracellular triglyceride content was detected by oxidative enzymic method. Protein levels were examined by Western blotting. Nuclear localization of FoxO1 was detected using immunofluorescence analyses and Western blotting. The expression of FoxO1 target genes was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The viability of PA-treated HepG2 cells was concentration-dependently increased by incubation with WEE for 24 h. WEE treatment remarkably increased the consumption and uptake of glucose in PA-exposed HepG2 cells. Moreover, treatment with WEE significantly decreased the PA-induced over-production of glucose in HepG2 cells. After exposure of HepG2 cells with PA and WEE, the glycogen content was significantly elevated. The phosphorylation and total levels of IRβ, IRS1, and Akt were upregulated by WEE treatment in PA-exposed HepG2 cells. The phosphorylation of GSK3β was elevated after WEE treatment in PA-treated cells. WEE treatment also concentration-dependently downregulated the phosphorylated CREB, ERK, c-Jun, p38 and JNK in PA-exposed HepG2 cells. Furthermore, the nuclear protein level and nuclear translocation of FoxO1 were also suppressed by WEE. Additionally, PA-induced changes of FoxO1 targeted genes were also attenuated by WEE treatment. The GLUT2 and GLUT4 translocation were also promoted by WEE treatment in PA-treated HepG2 cells. Taken together, WEE has potential anti-IR effect in PA-exposed HepG2 cells; the underlying mechanism of this action may be associated with the regulation of IRS1/GSK3β/FoxO1 signaling pathway. This study provides a pharmacological basis for the application of WEE in the treatment of metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Li Shan Yan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Ding
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Brian Chi Yan Cheng
- College of Professional and Continuing Education, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
- Chinese Medicine Department of Quality Healthcare Medical Services , Hong Kong, China
| | - Gan Luo
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Kong
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Hua Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Tibetan Medicine Department of Tibetan Traditional Medical College, Lhasa, China
| | - Shuo Feng Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Tibetan Medicine Department of Tibetan Traditional Medical College, Lhasa, China
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Sim MO, Lee HJ, Jeong DE, Jang JH, Jung HK, Cho HW. 6′-O-acetyl mangiferin from Iris rossii Baker inhibits lipid accumulation partly via AMPK activation in adipogenesis. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 311:108755. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.108755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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15
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Zhang Z, Xu H, Zhao H, Geng Y, Ren Y, Guo L, Shi J, Xu Z. Edgeworthia gardneri (Wall.) Meisn. water extract improves diabetes and modulates gut microbiota. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 239:111854. [PMID: 30954614 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.111854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In Chinese folk medicine, the flower of Edgeworthia gardneri (Wall.) Meisn. is used to treat various metabolic diseases, such as hyperglycemia, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to explore the antidiabetes potential of the flower of E. gardneri and investigate whether it can benefit the entire gut bacteria community. MATERIALS AND METHODS Chemical constituents of the extract were analyzed by UHPLC-Q Exactive Mass Spectrometer (UHPLC-QE-MS). The antidiabetes effect of the water extract (WAE) of the flower of E. gardneri was evaluated in diabetic mice induced by high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ) (six groups, n = 8) daily at doses of 1, 2, and 3 g/kg for 4 weeks. The gut microbiota was analyzed using high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the fecal were also investigated. RESULTS UHPLC-QE-MS analysis identified 29 compounds, including five alkaloids, six coumarins, four flavonoids, 11 organic acids, and three additional compounds, in the WAE. Results showed that the high dose of WAE considerably decreased the blood glucose level by 30.0%. Furthermore, E. gardneri significantly ameliorated insulin resistance and lipid metabolism dysfunction and repaired islet, hepatic, and white fat and colon histology in diabetic mice. Diabetic mice treated with WAE showed apparent changes in the structure and composition of the gut microbiota. WAE reversed the changes in Clostridiales, Lachnospiraceae, S24-7, Rikenellaceae, and Dorea in diabetic mice. The correlation analysis indicated that key OTUs were related to diabetes indices. The amounts of SCFAs, including acetic, propionic, and valeric acids, were significantly high in WAE-treated diabetic groups. CONCLUSIONS E. gardneri treatment improved the glucose metabolism and reshaped the unbalanced gut microbiota of diabetic mice. Our study provides evidence for application of E. gardneri to treatment of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China.
| | - Hongyu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China.
| | - Hui Zhao
- Tiebet Yuewang Pharmacopoeia Ecological Tibetan Medicine Technology Co.,Ltd., Tiebet, 850000, PR China.
| | - Yan Geng
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China.
| | - Yilin Ren
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China.
| | - Lin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China.
| | - Jinsong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China.
| | - Zhenghong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China.
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Traditional Tibetan medicinal plants: a highlighted resource for novel therapeutic compounds. Future Med Chem 2018; 10:2537-2555. [PMID: 30499690 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2018-0235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Around 70-80% of drugs used in traditional Tibetan medicine (TTM) come from Qinghai Tibet Plateau, the majority of which are plants. The biological and medicinal culture diversity on Qinghai Tibet Plateau are amazing and constitute a less tapped resource for innovative drug research and development. Meanwhile, the problem of the exhausting Tibetan medicine resources is worrying. Here, the latest awareness, as well as the gaps of the traditional Tibetan medicinal plant issues in drug development and clinical usage of TTM compounds, was systematically reviewed and highlighted. The TTM resource studies should be enhanced within the context of deeper and more extensive investigations of molecular biology and genomics of TTM plants, phytometabolites and metabolomics and ethnopharmacology-based bioactivity, thus enabling the sustainable conservation and exploitation of Tibetan medicinal resource.
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17
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Causes and solutions to “globesity”: The new fa(s)t alarming global epidemic. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 121:173-193. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.08.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Grochowski DM, Locatelli M, Granica S, Cacciagrano F, Tomczyk M. A Review on the Dietary Flavonoid Tiliroside. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 17:1395-1421. [PMID: 33350157 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Among flavonoid derivatives, tiliroside is a flavonoid contained in several edible plants or specific plant parts (fruits, leaves, or roots). These parts are often widely used as both food and medicines, in the treatment of various ailments and, in some cases, as food supplements. Considering the easy access to many publications concerning tiliroside and the lack of a review that summarizes the current progress in studies on its safety, efficacy, and presence in the plant kingdom, we present here a review paper on tiliroside and its principal derivatives. The paper also highlights the basic knowledge regarding this molecule, its derivatives, and the analytical approaches used for extraction and quantification, as well as reports on the biological activities against different key enzymes linked to various human diseases. The reported information is also devoted to highlighting the concept "learn from nature to discover new products," particularly in the development of new drugs, food supplements, and nutraceuticals, starting from a natural lead compound such as tiliroside and improving its biological activities (and selectivities) against a specific target for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Grochowski
- Dept. of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Div. of Laboratory Medicine, Medical Univ. of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Marcello Locatelli
- Dept. of Pharmacy, Univ. "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Sebastian Granica
- Dept. of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Warsaw Medical Univ., Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Michał Tomczyk
- Dept. of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Div. of Laboratory Medicine, Medical Univ. of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
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Gao D, Fu QF, Wang LJ, Wang DD, Zhang KL, Yang FQ, Xia ZN. Molecularly imprinted polymers for the selective extraction of tiliroside from the flowers of Edgeworthia gardneri
(wall.) Meisn. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:2629-2637. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Die Gao
- School of Pharmacy; Southwest Medical University; Luzhou Sichuan P.R. China
| | - Qi-Feng Fu
- School of Pharmacy; Southwest Medical University; Luzhou Sichuan P.R. China
| | - Lu-Jun Wang
- School of Pharmacy; Southwest Medical University; Luzhou Sichuan P.R. China
| | - Dan-Dan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Chongqing University; Chongqing P.R. China
| | - Kai-Lian Zhang
- School of Pharmacy; Southwest Medical University; Luzhou Sichuan P.R. China
| | - Feng-Qing Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Chongqing University; Chongqing P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Ning Xia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Chongqing University; Chongqing P.R. China
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