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Nainu F, Frediansyah A, Mamada SS, Permana AD, Salampe M, Chandran D, Emran TB, Simal-Gandara J. Natural products targeting inflammation-related metabolic disorders: A comprehensive review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16919. [PMID: 37346355 PMCID: PMC10279840 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, the incidence of metabolic disorders is increasing, setting a challenge to global health. With major advancement in the diagnostic tools and clinical procedures, much has been known in the etiology of metabolic disorders and their corresponding pathophysiologies. In addition, the use of in vitro and in vivo experimental models prior to clinical studies has promoted numerous biomedical breakthroughs, including in the discovery and development of drug candidates to treat metabolic disorders. Indeed, chemicals isolated from natural products have been extensively studied as prospective drug candidates to manage diabetes, obesity, heart-related diseases, and cancer, partly due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Continuous efforts have been made in parallel to improve their bioactivity and bioavailability using selected drug delivery approaches. Here, we provide insights on recent progress in the role of inflammatory-mediated responses on the initiation of metabolic disorders, with particular reference to diabetes mellitus, obesity, heart-related diseases, and cancer. In addition, we discussed the prospective role of natural products in the management of diabetes, obesity, heart-related diseases, and cancers and provide lists of potential biological targets for high throughput screening in drug discovery and development. Lastly, we discussed findings observed in the preclinical and clinical studies prior to identifying suitable approaches on the phytochemical drug delivery systems that are potential to be used in the treatment of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firzan Nainu
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Tamalanrea, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | - Andri Frediansyah
- Research Center for Food Technology and Processing (PRTPP), National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Yogyakarta 55861, Indonesia
| | - Sukamto S. Mamada
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Tamalanrea, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | - Andi Dian Permana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Tamalanrea, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | | | - Deepak Chandran
- Department of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Amrita School of Agricultural Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Coimbatore 642109, India
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School & Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical Chemistry and Food Science Department, Faculty of Science, E32004 Ourense, Spain
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Saqib F, Wahid M, Al-Huqail AA, Ahmedah HT, Bigiu N, Irimie M, Moga M, Marc Vlaic RA, Pop OL, Chicea LM. Metabolomics based mechanistic insights to vasorelaxant and cardioprotective effect of ethanolic extract of Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai. seeds in isoproterenol induced myocardial infraction. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 100:154069. [PMID: 35364560 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a significant cause of morbidity and death in the current world, posing a challenge to both developing and industrialized nation's health systems. Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai. seeds have long been utilized to supplement and enhance health and treat cardiovascular illnesses. However, its treatments for CVDs are still unknown. More research is required to fully comprehend the impact of C. lanatus seeds on vasorelaxation and myocardial infractions. PURPOSE Therefore, an integrated metabolomics profiling technique was used to investigate possible pathways of C. lanatus in isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial infarction (MI). Isoproterenol causes long-term cardiac hypertrophy by causing cardiomyocyte compensatory loss, eventually leading to heart failure. METHODS In vitro models of vasoconstriction, atrium, and in vivo models of invasive blood pressure measurement and isoproterenol (ISO) induced cardiac hypertrophy in rats were used to understand underlying mechanistic by LC-MS/MS based dynamic metabolomics analysis of the serum and heart samples to be investigated the effect of ethanolic extract of C. lanatus (Cl.EtOH). RESULTS Cl.EtOH exhibited vasorelaxant, negative chronotropic, and inotropic effects in in-vitro models whereas, a potent hypotensive effect was observed in normotensive rats. The Cl.EtOH protected the animals from ISO-induced myocardial infarction (MI) with therapeutic interventions in left ventricular thickness, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, mRNA gene expression, biochemical assays, and metabolomic profiling of serum and heart tissues. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, our study confirmed that C. lanatus seeds (Cl.EtOH) possess significant antihypertensive and prevent ISO-induced myocardial infarction. These findings comprehensively demonstrated mechanistic insights of Cl.EtOH in vasorelaxation and myocardial infarction. The current study provides evidence for further mechanistic studies and the development of C. lanatus seeds as a potential therapeutic intervention for patients with cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Saqib
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muqeet Wahid
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Arwa Abdulkreem Al-Huqail
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hanadi Talal Ahmedah
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 25732, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nicusor Bigiu
- Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500019 Brasov.
| | - Marius Irimie
- Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500019 Brasov
| | - Marius Moga
- Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500019 Brasov
| | - Romina Alina Marc Vlaic
- Food Engineering Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Oana Lelia Pop
- Department of Food Science, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Karimkhani H, Özkoç M, Shojaolsadati P, Uzuner K, Donmez DB, Kanbak G. Protective Effect of Boric Acid and Omega-3 on Myocardial Infarction in an Experimental Rat Model. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:2612-2620. [PMID: 32909114 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02360-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Boric acid and omega-3 are used as essential elements for both animal and human health. Many researchers have shown these beneficial effects on cardiac and inflammatory markers. This study aims to evaluate cardiac protective effect of boric acid and omega-3 against MI (myocardial infarction), probably due to the suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines of natriuretic peptides in rats. Fifty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups: control, MI, MI+boric acid, MI+omega-3, and MI+boric acid+omega-3. Saline solution (2 ml/day), omega-3 (800 mg/kg/day), and boric acid (100 mg/kg/day)+omega-3 (800 mg/kg/day) were orally administered to the relevant groups throughout the 28 days. To constitute the MI model, the rats were exposed to isoproterenol-HCl (ISO) (200 mg/kg, S.C.) on the 27th and 28th. In the MI group, serum levels of CK-MB, BNP, and TNF-α are increased significantly. Also, ST waves and heart rates were higher in the MI than the control. These results demonstrate that biochemical results healed in MI+boric acid, MI+omega-3, and MI+boric acid+omega-3 groups compared MI group. ECG and light microscope results supported the findings as well. The statistical analysis showed that boric acid and/or omega-3 has protective effects on cellular damage in MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Karimkhani
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Istanbul Okan University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Mete Özkoç
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Paria Shojaolsadati
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Istanbul Okan University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kubilay Uzuner
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Dilek Burukoglu Donmez
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Güngör Kanbak
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
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Abstract
Arbutin is a glycoside reported for its anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties. However, the cardioprotective effect of Arbutin is not well established. The study aims to understand the effect of arbutin on isoproterenol (ISO)-induced cardiac hypertrophy in mice. The animals were pretreated with Arbutin for a week and ISO was administered for 10 days and then sacrificed. Cardiac injury markers such as creatinine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase concentrations were measured in the serum. The mRNA expression of cardiac hypertrophy markers namely atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) were measured using qRT-PCR. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 were quantified by ELISA in isolated tissues and serum. Other tissue anti-oxidant parameters such as GST, GSH, SOD and TBARS were also measured. TUNEL assay was performed to detect apoptosis. Histology studies were performed using H & E and Masson trichome staining. Immunoblot analysis was used to quantify the protein expression of TLR-4 and NF-κB. ISO-alone-treated group showed significant increase in CK-MB, LDH along with increase in hypertrophic markers ANP and BNP, TNF-α and IL-6 levels in serum and tissues and increased cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Anti-oxidant parameters were significantly decreased and TLR-4 and NF-κB protein expression was found to be upregulated in comparison to the control group. Pretreatment with Arbutin-exhibited significant inhibition of TLR-4/NF-κB pathway with decreased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and enhanced myocardial anti-oxidant status. Our study demonstrated that pretreatment with Arbutin exhibits marked protective effects on ISO-induced cardiac hypertrophy in mice. Thus, Arbutin may be used as potential pharmacological interventions in the management of cardiac hypertrophy.
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Wang N, Yang W, Li L, Tian M. MEF2D upregulation protects neurons from oxygen-glucose deprivation/re-oxygenation-induced injury by enhancing Nrf2 activation. Brain Res 2020; 1741:146878. [PMID: 32407713 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that myocyte enhancer factor 2D (MEF2D) is a pro-survival factor for neurons. However, whether MEF2D is involved in protecting neurons from cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury remains unknown. The current study was designed to investigate the exact role and mechanism of MEF2D in regulating oxygen-glucose deprivation/re-oxygenation (OGD/R)-induced neuronal injury, an in vitro model used to study cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. MEF2D expression was significantly induced in neurons in response to OGD/R injury. Functional analysis demonstrated that MEF2D upregulation significantly rescued the decreased viability of OGD/R-injured neurons and suppressed OGD/R-induced apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. By contrast, MEF2D knockdown increased the sensitivity of neurons to OGD/R-induced injury. Moreover, MEF2D overexpression increased the expression of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) and enhanced the activation of Nrf2 antioxidant signaling. However, Nrf2 knockdown partially blocked the MEF2D-mediated neuroprotective effect in OGD/R-exposed neurons. Overall, these results reveal that MEF2D overexpression attenuates OGD/R-induced injury by enhancing Nrf2-mediated antioxidant signaling. These findings suggest that MEF2D may serve as a neuroprotective target with a potential application for treatment of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xi'an Ninth Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Weiwei Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xi'an Ninth Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Lan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xi'an Ninth Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Ming Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xi'an Ninth Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China.
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Kumar G, Saleem N, Kumar S, Maulik SK, Ahmad S, Sharma M, Goswami SK. Transcriptomic Validation of the Protective Effects of Aqueous Bark Extract of Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) on Isoproterenol-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy in Rats. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1443. [PMID: 31920643 PMCID: PMC6916006 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aqueous extract of the bark of Terminalia arjuna (TA) is used by a large population in the Indian subcontinent for treating various cardiovascular conditions. Animal experiments have shown its anti-atherogenic, anti-hypertensive, and anti-inflammatory effects. It has several bioactive ingredients with hemodynamic, ROS scavenging, and anti-inflammatory properties. Earlier we have done limited proteomic and transcriptomic analysis to show its efficacy in ameliorating cardiac hypertrophy induced by isoproterenol (ISO) in rats. In the present study we have used high-throughput sequencing of the mRNA from control and treated rat heart to further establish its efficacy. ISO (5 mg/kg/day s.c.) was administered in male adult rats for 14 days to induce cardiac hypertrophy. Standardized aqueous extract TA bark extract was administered orally. Total RNA were isolated from control, ISO, ISO + TA, and TA treated rat hearts and subjected to high throughput sequence analysis. The modulations of the transcript levels were then subjected to bio-informatics analyses using established software. Treatment with ISO downregulated 1,129 genes and upregulated 204 others. Pre-treatment with the TA bark extracts markedly restored that expression pattern with only 97 genes upregulated and 85 genes downregulated. The TA alone group had only 88 upregulated and 26 downregulated genes. The overall profile of expression in ISO + TA and TA alone groups closely matched with the control group. The genes that were modulated included those involved in metabolism, activation of receptors and cell signaling, and cardiovascular and other diseases. Networks associated with those genes included those involved in angiogenesis, extracellular matrix organization, integrin binding, inflammation, drug metabolism, redox metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, and organization of myofibril. Overlaying of the networks in ISO and ISO_TA group showed that those activated in ISO group were mostly absent in ISO_TA and TA group, suggesting a global effect of the TA extracts. This study for the first time reveals that TA partially or completely restores the gene regulatory network perturbed by ISO treatment in rat heart; signifying its efficacy in checking ISO-induced cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Kumar
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Nikhat Saleem
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Santosh Kumar
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Subir K Maulik
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (A.I.I.M.S.), New Delhi, India
| | - Sayeed Ahmad
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Manish Sharma
- Peptide and Proteomics Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organisation, New Delhi, India
| | - Shyamal K Goswami
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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